Extreme Networks Px Series manual

Ex trem e Ne t wor ks, I nc. 3585 M onroe St reet Santa Cla ra, Cal if ornia 95 051 (888) 2 57-3000 http:/ /www .e xtremenet works.com Px Ser ies Application Switc h Installa tion and Configur ation Guid e Published: A pril 200 2 Par t number: 1 00101-00 Re v . 02[...]

II ©20 02 E xtrem e Ne tw orks , In c. A ll ri ghts rese rve d. E xt re me Net wor ks a nd Black Di amo nd are regi s ter ed tra d em arks of Extreme Networks , Inc. in the U nited States and certain ot her jurisdictions. Ex treme W are , Extre meW a re Vist a, Ext rem eW ork s, E xt remeA ssi st, E xtrem eA ssis t1, Ext reme Assis t2 , Part nerAs[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide iii Contents Pre face Introduction 1-vii Conventions 1-viii Related Publications 1-ix 1 Serve r Lo ad Balan cing C oncep ts Purpo se of Server L oad Balancing 1-1 Te r m s 1 - 2 Load Balancing Modes 1-3 La ye r 4 L oad Bal a nc in g 1- 3 Layer 7 Lo ad Balanc ing and Cont ent A[...]

iv Px Seri es Applicati on Switch Ins tallation a nd Configurati on Guide Free- Standing 2-5 Pow ering On the Su mmit Px1 2-5 Setting Up Console Communication 2-6 Configu r ing Swit ch IP Para meters 2-7 Confi guring th e 10/100 Ether n e t Manage ment Port 2-8 3 Insta llin g t he PxM Applica tio n Swit ch Mod ule Instal ling I/O Modules 3-1 Rem ov[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide v Conf igurin g a Star tup Banne r Messa ge 4-17 Star t ing th e GlobalPx Content Dir ecto r Agent 4-17 Example Configu ration 4-18 5 Co nfigur ing Se rvers an d Service s Configuring Real Servers 5-1 Conf iguring Server G roups 5-2 Conf iguri ng V irtua l Serv i c es 5-3 La y[...]

vi Px Seri es Applicati on Switch Ins tallation a nd Configurati on Guide Conf iguratio n Ex ampl e 7-9 8 Co nfigur ing Re dund ancy Using VRRP with the SummitPx1 8-1 Adding a n d Con f i guring V RRP s 8-2 Using VR RP in Existing R edunda nt N etworks 8-3 VRR P Automati c Synchr onizat ion 8-4 Conf iguring Redu ndan cy f or the P xM 8-6 Using E SR[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide vii Pref ace This pr eface provides an overview of this guide, desc ribes guide conventions, an d lists other p ublicatio ns that m ay be us eful. Introd uction This guide provi des the requir ed i nfo rmation to configure the Extr eme Networks Px series applicat ion switches [...]

viii Px Series App lication S witch Instal l ation a nd Configur ation Guid e Preface Con v entions T a ble 1 and T able 2 list c onven tions tha t are used th r o ugh out this guide. Ta b l e 1 : Notic e Ic o ns Ico n Notice Ty pe Alerts you to... Note Import ant feat ures or instruc tions . Cautio n Risk of personal injury , syst em damage, or lo[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide ix Related P ublications Re lat ed Pu b l icat i ons Th e p ublicat ions relat ed to this one a re : • ExtremeWare Soft ware User G uide • Px Series Application Switch Release N o tes Documentati on for Extrem e products is av ailable on the W orld W ide W eb at the follow[...]

x Px Seri es Applicati on Switch Ins tallation a nd Configurati on Guide Preface[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 1-1 1 Ser v er Load Ba lancin g Concept s The Px seri es application sw itch marks the next s tep in server load ba lancing. Using a r e volu tionary hardw ar e de sign, the Px series ap plicatio n switch is designed t o help websit e adm inistrator s achie ve levels of avai l[...]

1-2 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide The Px seri es applica t ion sw itch can examine actual user req ues t s, rather t h a n s imply forwar ding the r equests to the ser vers. Y o u c an us e t he pow erful array of t ools prov ided by the Px series ap plicatio n switch t o scal e websites by: • Creat in g[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 1-3 Load Bal ancing Modes In this document, the Inter net users are r eferred to as cli ents , because th ey are c lients of the appl ic at ion swit ch. The websit e, whic h is act ually an a ddress ins ide the a pplic ation switch , is also ca lled a virtual IP a d dress , or[...]

1-4 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide Figu re 1-2: Single clien t -ser ver tr a nsacti o n using la yer 4 As soo n as th e first request f r om the client is r ec eived a t the applicatio n switc h, the applic ation switch uses the server -s elec tion policy configur ed for the VIP to select the server and imm[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 1-5 Load Bal ancing Modes ch osen to proc ess t he r equest, using a sour c e IP addre ss that is p art o f a prox y pool inside t he app licatio n switc h. After a co nnect ion is establis h ed bet ween the applicati on switch and the r eal server , t he applic ation switch f[...]

1-6 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide P o r t Re wr ite When a r equ est is s ent by a cl ient to a VIP servic e, th e request conta i ns the well-kn own port number for the r equested a p plic ation. For example, the well-known port number fo r HTTP i s po rt 80. Y ou ca n co nfig ure t he appli cation sw itc[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 1-7 Getti ng Star ted on Loa d Balancin g Configuratio n a Configu r e t he real ser vers that w ill be load ba lanced . b Creat e groups of servers, and put the r eal servers into them. c Cr eate a vir t ual se r vice. — If the vir tual service is layer 4, assign a se rver [...]

1-8 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 2-1 2 Installing the Summ itPx1 Application Swit ch Th is chapter describ es how t o install t he Sum mitP x1 configu r ation of the Px series applicat ion swit ch. It cont ains the fo llowing s ections : • Overview of the Summit Px1 Application S witch on page 2-1 • Deter[...]

2-2 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide T able 2-1 describes the LED behavior on the SummitPx1. The front p a nel of the Summit Px1 has f our ports : • G iga bi t In ter f ac e Co nn e c tor (GB IC) The Network Interface port is a G igabit Interface Connector (GBIC) used to connect the appl ication switch to y[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 2-3 Overview of the S umm itPx1 Applicati on S witch For mor e information on connecting an d configuring these ports, s ee “Setting Up Con sole C ommunica tion” on p age 2-6. Summ itPx1 Applic ation Sw itch Rea r View Figu re 2-2 sh ows the Su mmitPx1 applicatio n switch [...]

2-4 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide Det er mining th e Loca tion The SummitPx1 is suited for us e in the o ffice, where i t can be fre e-s tandin g or mounted in a st andar d 19-inch equipment rack . Alternative l y , th e device can be rack-mounted i n a wirin g closet or equipment r oom. T wo m o unting br[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 2-5 P owering On th e Summi tPx1 Figu re 2-3: Fitting the mounting brack et 5 Repeat steps 2-4 fo r the other side of the devic e. 6 Inser t t he applic ation s witch int o the 19-inc h rack. E nsur e that v ent i lat ion holes ar e not obstr ucted . 7 S e c u r e t h e d e v [...]

2-6 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide If the applicat ion switch pa sses the POST , the MGMT LED blinks at a slow rat e (1 b link per seco nd). If t he applicat ion swit ch fail s the POST , the M GMT LED shows a solid yellow light. Set ti ng U p C ons o le Co mmu nica ti on T o manage the app lication sw itch[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 2-7 Setting Up Consol e Communicatio n cable with whic h to connect most PCs to this port. The console po r t setti ngs are as follows: Each inte rface has a un ique IP ad dr ess. Be fore you c an start a T elnet s essio n , y ou must set up t he IP param eters of the p ort yo[...]

2-8 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide Wri ting data to Fl ash Done 4 Whe n you are fin ished using t he facili ty , log o ut of the a pplicatio n sw itch. Y ou can now acces s the Gigabit Et hernet port dir ectly via T elnet. Co nfiguri ng th e 10/10 0 Ethe rnet Ma nage ment P ort The 10/100BT Eth ernet manag [...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 3-1 3 Installing the PxM App lication Switch Mo dule Th e P xM conf iguration o f the Px series a pplica tion sw itch is a Bla ckDiam o n d module. Th e co nfiguratio n infor matio n and spe cificat ions for th e Bla ckDiamond I/O module s are describe d in d etail in the E xt[...]

3-2 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide Caution : Y ou c an install I / O modules only in slots 1 through 16 in the BlackDiamon d 6816 or slots 1 through 8 in the BlackDiamond 680 8. I/O modul es do not fit in s lots A, B, C, or D . Forceful in s er tion can da m ag e the I/O m odule. 2 Attach the ESD strap that[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 3-3 Removin g I/O Modules 3 Simul taneou sly r otate th e ejector /inje ctor h andle s outw ard to disen gage th e module fr om the backplan e. 4 Sli de th e module out o f the chas sis. 5 If you ar e not going to instal l a r eplacemen t I/O module, cover the sl ot with a bl [...]

3-4 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 4-1 4 Managing the Swit ch Th is chapter cove rs the follo wing t opics : • Using the Command-Line Interface page 4-2 • Configu ring Mana gement A ccess on pa ge 4-4 • Managin g the PxM on page 4-7 • Configu r ing V LANs on page 4 -8 • Configu r ing SN MP on page 4 -[...]

4-2 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide Us ing the C ommand -Line Int erf ace T o use t he c ommand-line interfa ce: 1 Enter the co mmand name. Y ou can use abbr eviated syntax; see below . 2 If the command includ es a parameter , enter the parameter name and va lue. The value specifi es how yo u want the parame[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 4-3 Using the Command -Line Inter f ac e Lin e-Edit ing K eys T ab le 4 - 2 d escribes t he line-ed iting keys available w hen using t he comm and-line interfa ce. Spe cifyin g T ext V al ue s W he n s p e c i f y i n g a t e x t v a lu e s , s u c h a s h e a l t h c h e c k [...]

4-4 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide valu e. Y ou must use quotes if the text val ue includes any non-a lphanumeric characters, su ch a s sp ac es, da she s, o r d ots . Command His tory The Px series appli cation switch keeps a history of the last 49 commands you enter ed. T o d ispl a y a l ist of the mo st[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 4-5 Co nfi g uring Man agement Acc ess • Admi nistrato r An adm inistra tor-level acco unt can v iew and change all s witch param eters. It can als o add and d elet e users, a nd change the pas sword a ssociate d with any ac count name . The adminis trator can d is c onnect [...]

4-6 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide Cr eatin g A ccou nts The appli cation swit ch can hav e a total of 16 management accounts. Y ou c an use the default accounts ( admi n and user ), or yo u ca n create ad di tion al ac co unt s wi th n ew names and passwo rds. T o cr eate a new account, fol low these steps[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 4-7 Managin g the Px M Mana ging th e PxM Y ou can m anage th e PxM in any o f the foll owing ways: • Using the co nne ct command in the B lackDiamond. • Using the serial por t (useful for debugging). • Using the 101 100 port ( for out-of -band m a nagement). VLANs ar e [...]

4-8 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide S o me co mm a n d s d o n ot w or k at a ll i f t h e P xM i s n ot bo ot e d a nd r e a dy . It c an ta k e m or e tha n t wo minu te s to bo ot. T o ver ify fr om the MSM that a PxM is boo ted, use t he co mma nd s how pxm . • If the PxM is booted and r eady , the car[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 4-9 Co nfi guri ng S NM P T o assign a VLAN tag to a ser v ic e, us e the foll owing c ommand: conf ig serv ice vip <ip addr es s> vl an <vla n_ tag_ num ber> po rt <n um ber> prot oc ol [t cp| udp] [L 4|L7 ] s erve r- group -n ame < la bel> Con figurin[...]

4-10 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide Configur ing DNS Client Ser v ices Th e D omain N ame Service ( DNS ) clie nt in Ext r e meW are aug ments th e follow ing commands to allow t hem to accept eit her IP addresses o r host names : • teln et • down lo ad [c onf igur at ion | im age] • uplo ad conf igu [...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 4-11 Usin g Secure S hell 2 (SSH2) In addition, the ns look up u t i l it y c a n b e u s e d t o r e t u r n t h e I P a d d r e s s o f a h o s t n a m e . T able 4-5 lists c ommands used to confi gure the DNS clie nt. Using Sec u re Shell 2 (SSH2) Th e Ext r em eW are Secur[...]

4-12 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide The Extr emeW are SS H2 switch applic ation als o works wit h S SH2 client and s erver (vers ion 2.x or later) fr om SSH Communic ation Sec urity , and the fr ee SSH2 and SCP2 implementation (v er s ion 2.5 or lat er) fr om OpenSSH. The SF TP file trans fer pr oto c ol is[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 4-13 Usin g Secure S hell 2 (SSH2) Y ou ar e prompted to ent er information to be used in generating the key . The key generation pro c ess takes approximately ten minutes. Once the key has been genera ted, you should save your configuration to preser ve the key . T o use a ke[...]

4-14 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide For example, to c opy an image file saved as image1 .xt r to swi tch with IP addr ess 10.10 .0.5 as the prima ry image using SCP2, you would en ter the fol lowing c om mand wit hin your SSH 2 session : scp i ma ge1. xtr admi n@ 10.2 0. 0.5: pri mary .i mg T o copy the con[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 4-15 Ut ilit ies Uti lities Th e P x series a pplic ation swi tch offers utilities f or the f ollowin g opera tions: • Che c ki ng Basi c Co n nec tivity on pag e 4-15 • Logging o n page 4-16 • Configu r ing a Startup Ba nner Me ssag e on pag e 4-17 • Star t ing th e G[...]

4-16 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide Logg ing Th e P x series a pplicatio n swi tch sup ports two loggin g facilitie s, a local lo g and the UNIX sy slo g f acilit y for r e mot e logg ing. The app licati on switch l og tracks all configur ation and fault inform ation per tainin g to the de vice. The switc h[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 4-17 Ut ilit ies Con figu ring a Sta r tup Ban ne r Me ssag e T o c o nfigure a banner message to display after r eboot, use the following command: conf ig bann er At the pr o mpt, t ype the banner message. T o exit the banner input script, t ype [Ret ur n][Re tu rn] . T o v i[...]

4-18 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide T o start and stop the Global Px Content Direc tor agent on the Px seri es application switch , use th e f ollo wing co mmand s: enab le gslb -ag ent [ po rt <n um ber> ] disa bl e gsl b-a gent T o check o n the agent’s acti vities, use the foll owing command: sho[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 4-19 Exampl e Configuratio n Th e follo wing c omma nds co nfigure all sy stem - relat e d f acilities : #--- -- ----- -- ---- -- ---- -- ----- -- ---- -- ----- -- ---- -- ---- -- ----- -- - # sy stem conf igur ati on #--- -- ----- -- ---- -- ---- -- ----- -- ---- -- ----- -- [...]

4-20 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 5-1 5 Configur ing Ser v ers and Ser vices Th is chapter describ es how to co nfigure the rea l serve rs that will be load b alance d, how to c reat e gro u ps of servers and put the r eal server s into them, an d how to cr eate a layer 4 or laye r 7 virtua l service. It c ont[...]

5-2 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide answer r eq ues ts. Servers c an share an IP ad dress, but the port must be unique for each ser v er . • Max -conne cti ons re pr esen ts the ma xi mum numbe r of co n c urr ent co nnecti ons th is server c an handl e. After that num ber is reached, no more conne ctions [...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 5-3 Conf iguring Vir tu al S er vices a system in anot her geographical loc ation). T o specify the server of last resort, use the opt ional ser ve r-las t- reso rt argu m en t: con fig s erve r-g roup name <str ing> poli cy <p olicy spec > serv er -last -r esor t [...]

5-4 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide Y ou can a ssign a specific VL AN tag t o a vir tual servic e. VLAN t ags for services ar e opt ional for the Su mmit Px1, but r equir ed on th e PxM. T o assign a VLAN tag to a service, use the following command: conf ig serv ice vip <ip addr es s> vl an <vla n_ [...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 5-5 Conf iguring Vir tu al S er vices conf ig patt ern -rul e “ <str in g>” s er ver-g ro up-n am e <na me > Pattern rul es specify t he URL that is being matched and the ser ver group that sho uld be used to f or w ard traf fic for that URL match. conf ig doma[...]

5-6 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide . Con figur ation Exam ple The example build s upon the example fro m Chapter 4 and includes confi gur ati o ns for the simp le layer 4 web se rver in f ra structure for y ourdo ma in.c om . N otic e tha t V LA Ns and the syst em-ip addr es s defin ition have be en added t[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 5-7 Configurat ion Example #--- -- ----- -- ---- -- ---- -- ----- -- ---- -- ----- -- ---- -- ---- -- ----- -- - # se rver s #--- -- ----- -- ---- -- ---- -- ----- -- ---- -- ----- -- ---- -- ---- -- ----- -- - conf ig serv er index 1 ip 64 .1. 1.50 po rt 80 ma x-co n 5 000 w [...]

5-8 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 6-1 6 Choosing P olicies, P ersistence Modes, and NA T Th is chapter de scribe s how to specif y schedu ling poli ces for la yer 4 loa d balanc ing, se ssion per sist ence, and netw ork addr ess tr anslatio n s . It cont ains th e fol low ing sec tions : • Scheduling Policie[...]

6-2 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide Th e P x series a pplicatio n swi tch sup ports the followin g s c heduling po licies : P e rsi ste nc e Mo de s Per sistenc e , also c alle d stick iness , is the mai nten anc e of a sessi on betwee n a cl ien t and a part icular w e b server . Most me dium - and large-sc[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 6-3 P ersisten ce Modes accesses t he websit e, it opens a s ession with one of the web serv ers. T o optimize the commu nica tion an d, in many cas es, fo r th e websit e to f unction corr ect ly , each t ime th e client c ommuni c ates w ith th e websit e within the current [...]

6-4 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide Figu re 6-1: Client IP persistence mode Th e follo wing t ransactio ns occu r in Figu re 6-1: • The clien t with IP ad d r ess 145. 12. 1 . 1 t ransmi ts its fi rst TCP r equest to www. bu ystuf f. com at its VIP add res s, 64.1.1. 7. • Using its configured load ba lan[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 6-5 P ersisten ce Modes Configur ing Client IP Stic kiness T o enable and disable client IP persist ence (stickiness ), use the following commands: [ena bl e | di sa ble] sti cky [ L4 | L7] cl ient -i p Clie n t I P e ntries are ag ed out of the databas e in a conf igurable am[...]

6-6 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide Figu re 6-2: Self-identifying c ookie pe r sist ence mod e Th e follo wing t ransactio ns occu r in Figu re 6-2: • The website a dminist rator of www .buyst uf f.com s ets up eac h web se rver (se r v er 1, serv er 2, an d se rver 3) to c reate a cooki e that c ont ain s[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 6-7 P ersisten ce Modes • Using its configured load ba lancing po licy , the Px series ap plicati on switch s elects one of the web s ervers. In this example, server 3. • A three- w ay TCP handshake is established between the Px series appli cation switch (C) and server 3 [...]

6-8 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide # Add it iona l i nform at ion m ay be us ef ul du ri ng de bu gging prin t s tart _ht ml(' Co okie Te ster '); if (! $E xist ing Host Co okie ) { prin t " No co ok ie na me d $SL BC ookie ex iste d< br> n" ; prin t " It wa s s et to th e lo[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 6-9 P ersisten ce Modes Figu re 6-3: Hashed cookie persisten c e mode Figure 6-3 shows a typ ical fina ncial webs it e nam ed ww w .myba nk.com. Th is webs it e has thr ee real s ervers, each connect ed to a s in gle bac ken d databas e s yst em. T o minimize t ime- cons uming[...]

6-10 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide • Th e clie nt tran smits its first TC P r eques t (A) to www . myb ank.co m at its publicly -known VIP ad d res s, 64.1.1 .7. • The P x ser i e s applic ation switc h res ponds (B) on beha lf of 64.1.1.7, an d the thr ee-way TCP handshake is establis hed between the [...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 6-11 P ersisten ce Modes Un like se lf- id enti fying co okie persi stence and hash ed cooki e persi stence , lear ned cook ie persist ence does not req uire the webs ite administrat o r to make any changes to the website. Lea rned cookie persisten ce is a best-eff or t persis[...]

6-12 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide • A three- w ay TCP handshake is established between the Px series appli cation switch and ser v er 3. • Th e appli cation swit ch make s the follo wing en t r y in its databa se: • The appl ication switch forwards t h e first d ata r equest fr o m the client to ser[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 6-13 P ersisten ce Modes is bei ng done, a defau lt domain a nd patt ern rule are still nee ded. The com mands are as follows: conf ig doma in defau lt conf ig patt ern -rul e d efau lt serv er -grou p- name <n ame> cook ie -name <c ooki e n ame> co okie -t ype [ s[...]

6-14 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide NA T Mode s Network ad d r ess t rans lation (NA T) is one of t he cor nerston es o f ser ver l oad balan cing . T o balance the load between the v arious re al serv ers, the server loa d balanc er uses a single IP ad dress, called a v irtual IP ad d r ess , to represent [...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 6-15 NA T M odes Configur ing Full-NA T Mode and Pr o xy IP Addre sses Full-N A T mode is the d e fau lt beha vior o f the applic ation sw itch. If another NA T m ode was in us e previous ly , us e the follo wing c ommand t o set it b ack to f ull: conf ig nat- mod e ful l T o[...]

6-16 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide that of t he real server , and that the T CP source port f o r the request i s the same as the port of the net w ork service t hat is being l oad balanced. If a request meets these criteria, it should be sent to the a pplica tion sw itch as its next h op. A d v a n t a g [...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 6-17 Configurat ion Example Wh en yo u conf igu r e h alf -N A T mode , yo u can a ls o co nfig ur e gateway mode for the applicat ion swit ch. Ga teway m ode spe cifies an IP a ddress that a server ’s d e fa ult gatewa y can for ward to, as if the app lication s witch w ere[...]

6-18 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide Th e co mmand s to configure t his net work ar e as follow s: #--- -- ----- -- ---- -- ---- --- ---- -- ---- -- ----- -- ---- -- ---- -- ----- -- - # se rver s #--- -- ----- -- ---- -- ---- --- ---- -- ---- -- ----- -- ---- -- ---- -- ----- -- - conf ig serv er index 1 ip[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 6-19 Configurat ion Example conf ig patt ern -rul e “ defa ul t” se rv er-gr ou p-na me your do main coo kie- na me “ses si on-id ” c ooki e- type le arn conf ig serv ice vip 64. 1.2. 11 port 44 3 pro to col t cp l7 cl as s htt ps conf ig domain na me def ault conf ig [...]

6-20 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 7-1 7 URL Switching Th is chapter descr ibes ho w the Px series applicat ion swit ch p erforms l evel 7 lo ad balancin g, directing c lient requests to ser ver groups by a cting a s a proxy and lo oking inside e ach reque st, usin g doma in or U RL switch ing. The chapter cov [...]

7-2 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide Figu re 7-1: T ypical switching scen ario Doma in Swit ching Domain switching uses the req uested domain name to select the appr o priate serve r gro up. For example, in Fi gure 7-2, t here ar e thr ee s erver gr oups: • www. bu ystuf f. com • www. sp eakyo ur mind .n [...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 7-3 Domain and URL Switching Figu re 7-2: Domain s wi tching e xam ple The Px series appl ica tion swit ch uses a si ngle VIP , locat ed at 192.1. 1. 1 :80, t o ser vice all thr ee d omains. When the cli ent requ est arrives , the a pplication s witch examines the requ est t o[...]

7-4 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide conf ig domain na me buy stuf f. com conf ig patt ern -rul e d efau lt serv er -grou p- name bu ystu ff conf ig domain na me www .buy st uff. co m conf ig patt ern -rul e d efau lt serv er -grou p- name bu ystu ff conf ig domain na me spe akyo ur mind .c om conf ig patt er[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 7-5 Co nfig urin g U RL S witc hing Figu re 7-3: Sim ple U RL switch ing examp le By direc t ing eac h o f these unique types of reques ts to a dif ferent pool of servers a t the applicat ion swit ch, you ha ve th e flex ibility to m ove thes e resources withou t chan ging doz[...]

7-6 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide Figu re 7-4: More Com plicated URL s witchin g e x ample In Figu r e 7-4, buyst uff. co m de cides to sta rt selling ele ctronic b ooks online a nd th ey need to stor e an entire publi sher ’s catalog on the site. T erabytes of storage ar e need e d , along wi th a flexi[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 7-7 Co nfig urin g U RL S witc hing Figu re 7-5: Hierarchical approach to pattern rules In Figur e 7-5, th e pattern rules d irect user requests as follo w s: • www. bu ystuf f. com/ eb ooks /a uthor sa /* are dir ect e d to server gr o up 1 • www. bu ystuf f. com/ eb ooks[...]

7-8 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide conf ig domain na me www .ebo ok s.co m conf ig patt ern -rul e “ auth or sa” s er ver-g ro up-n am e aut ho rsa conf ig patt ern -rul e “ auth or sb” s er ver-g ro up-n am e aut ho rsb conf ig patt ern -rul e “ auth or sc” s er ver-g ro up-n am e aut ho rsc co[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 7-9 Configurat ion Example Th e wildc ard (*) i n the s econd lin e refe rs any r eq uest w ith an unspe cified d omain name (any req uest in which the do main name is not present in the HTTP header) to t he de fa ult serv er grou p sg 2 . The application switch reads t he HTT[...]

7-10 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide The commands to c onfigur e this example ar e as follows: #--- -- ----- -- ---- -- ---- --- ---- -- ---- -- ----- -- ---- -- ---- -- ----- -- - # se rver s #--- -- ----- -- ---- -- ---- --- ---- -- ---- -- ----- -- ---- -- ---- -- ----- -- - conf ig serv er index 1 ip 64 [...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 7-11 Configurat ion Example conf ig serv er- grou p n ame i ma ges p ol icy r r conf ig serv er- grou p n ame i ma ges a dd -ser ver inde x 1 0 - 1 1 conf ig serv er- grou p n ame m ed ia po li cy rr conf ig serv er- grou p n ame m ed ia ad d- serv er index 20 # # #--- -- ----[...]

7-12 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide conf ig snmp sy sName “b alan ce r” conf ig snmp sy sLoca ti on “E xo dus C ol o” conf ig snmp sy sCont ac t “We b A dmin ” conf ig add t ra p rec eiv er 10 .1 0.10 .2 1 “pu bl ic” 1 62 conf ig snmp ad d com mun ity r ea donl y “ read me ” conf ig snmp[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 8-1 8 Configur ing Redundancy Th is chapter describ es ho w to configu re redun dancy f or the Px s eries ap plicatio n switch. For the SummitPx1, you use the industry s tandard VRRP . For the PxM, you use the Extr eme Standby Router Pr otocol (ESRP). The chapte r co ntai ns t[...]

8-2 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide The only di ffer ence between a traditional VRRP impleme n tation and t he Px series applic ation switc h implementation is that i nstead of using the V RRP MAC address fo r a single layer 3 router address, the Px s eries appl ic at ion switch uses the VRRP MAC addre ss fo[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 8-3 Using VRRP w ith the Su mmitPx1 conf ig vrrp ad d vri d < numbe r> conf ig vrrp vr id <n umb er> prio rity 100 enab le vrrp buil d T o set VRRP to preempt whenever it has a higher priority t han the active system, or to pr ev ent it from pr eem pting, use this [...]

8-4 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide Figu re 8-1: Application swit ch using multiple VLANs. For mo r e infor mation o n config uring ESRP , see the E xtremeWare Sof t w ar e User Gui de . VRRP A utoma tic S ync hr oniza tion VR R P aut oma ti c sy nch ro ni za t ion ( au to-s y nc ) d oes two thi ng s: • Sy[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 8-5 Using VRRP w ith the Su mmitPx1 on the backup. Aft er all the c o mmands have been r eplaced, the configuration i s saved and the bo x r ebooted. • Sends indiv i dual co nfiguratio n comman ds fr om the master to the back up, where they are st ored in local memory until [...]

8-6 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide Con figuring Redu ndancy f or the Px M Y ou must use the t he Extr eme Standby Router P r otocol (ESRP) to configure red undancy for the PxM. See “Using ESRP with the PxM” below . If you have multiple VLANs for the PxM, you must designate o ne VLAN as a mas t er , and [...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 8-7 Configur ing Red undancy for the P xM Because t h e ESRP priority of A is n ow lower t h an that of B , A becomes the s lave, and B bec omes the ma st er . Configu ring t he PxM for M ultiple VLANs Wh en the PxM has mult iple VL ANs, if you int end to set up redun dancy us[...]

8-8 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide # con fi gure ES RP, w ith addi ti onal VL ANs u nd er ma st er VL AN conf ig esrp po rt-mo de host po rts 1 conf ig esrp po rt-mo de host po rts 8 conf ig vlan "m aster " a dd do ma in-m em ber v 2 conf ig vlan "m aster " a dd do ma in-m em ber v 3 ena[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 9-1 9 Health Ch ec ks This chapter de scribes he alt h checks yo u can use to ensu re t h at a g iven appli cation i s runn i ng o n a real s erv er b efo re sen din g u ser req uest s to tha t serv er . T he c hap ter conta ins the follow ing sect ions: • Overview on page 9[...]

9-2 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide Server St a rtup P acing In or d er not to ov er load a server that h a s jus t come up , server s t artu p p acing restr icts t he number of connections that the server can pr ocess. St artup pacing i s performed when healt h checks bring a serv er back online, or w hen a[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 9-3 He alth Checking Procedure Hea lth Ch ec king Proce dure Y ou configur e health checks for each server gr oup. All the members of a given server gro up have the same health check performed on them. The health check pro ces s uses the foll owing procedure : 1 As soon as a s[...]

9-4 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide Con figuring H ealth C hec ks Before he alth chec ks can be config ur ed , make s ur e tha t the serv er group tha t they will apply to has been cr eated. See Chapter 5 for information on c onfiguring server gr oups . T ype s of H ealth Ch ec ks Only the highest pr oto col[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 9-5 Configur ing Health C hecks conf ig heal th- chec k f ail- af ter < nu mber> conf ig heal th- chec k r esto re -aft er <numb er > Y ou can also configure loc al timeout values for a ser ver group, which take precedence over the global set t ings. Use the foll o[...]

9-6 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 10-1 10 Monitor in g the Switch This c hapt er de scribes t ools that ar e availa bl e f or mon itor ing the heal th of the sys tem and the traffic that is passing t hrough it. T he applicat ion swit ch tra cks things s uch as the number of conn ections open and closed, t he n[...]

10-2 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide show po rt mg mt [con fig | de tai ls] Disp lays packet -level co unters for th e int erfaces, along wi th the c ur rent status of eac h . show se rver [< index > | <ipa dd ress >] Di splay s the curre nt , m ax, and t otal connec tions for an individual serve[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 10-3 Showin g Confi guratio n Detai ls Show ing Co n fig urat i on D et ail s T ab le 10-2 list s the com mands that are us ed to displ a y c onfigur ation in format ion. T able 1 0-2: Configuration D ispla y Com mands Command Descripti on show ba nner Displ ays the c urrent s[...]

10-4 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide Co nfigura tion D i spl a ys The followi ng exam ple illust rate s th e output f rom t he show co nfig urat ion comma nd : * Sum mi tPx1 :25 # sh co nfig #### ## ##### ## #### ## #### ### #### ## #### ## ##### ## #### ## #### ## ##### ## # # Sum mi tPx1 Co nfigu ra tion #[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 10-5 Showin g Confi guratio n Detai ls Stat us Di sp la ys Th e sh ow he alth and show se rver de tails comman ds d isplay simi lar (but not iden tical) inf ormatio n. The fo llow ing example s illus trate the outp ut from these commands (for th e configuration shown in the ex[...]

10-6 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide The following tables d escribe th e columns and their values. T ab le 10-3: show heal th Inf or m ati on Column Descr iption inde x The index number of t he server o r se r vice. IP The IP addr ess of the s erver or ser vice. port The port for a vi rtual se rv i ce. For s[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide 10-7 Managing and T ro ub l eshooting O peration Mana ging an d T rou bles hootin g Operati on T able 10-5 li sts the commands that are used t o displ ay man agement an d t roubles h ooti ng inform ation. flg The con figured f lags for t he server or service. ■ E = checks en[...]

10-8 Px Ser ies App l icati on Switch Inst allation a nd Configurati on Guide show lo g <le ve l> Displ ays the cont ents of the switc h log. L evel values are: ■ a ( erro rs): dis pl a ys erro r messages ■ b (fat al): displ ays fatal messa ges ■ c (in f o) : dis pl a ys informat ional messag es. ■ d (warni ng): dis plays war ning mes[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide i Inde x A a ccount s adm in i str a tor 4 - 5 crea tin g 4 -6 default p asswor d 4- 5 del eting 4-6 use r 4- 4 viewing 4-6 administ rator acco u nts 4-5 automatic synchro n izatio n for VRRP 8-4 AUX port 2-2 C cl ass o f applic ation for VIP 5-4 client I P persistence mo de 6[...]

ii - Index Px Seri es Applicati on Switch Ins tallation a nd Configurati on Guide fron t v iew 2- 1 full-NA T mo de 6-14 G gate w ay mo de 6-16 , 6- 1 7 gate w ay , def ault 8-8 Gig abit Eth ern et port 2-2 H hal f-NA T and gateway mode 6-16 hal f-NA T mo de 6- 15 , 6- 1 6 and VLA Ns 6- 16 h ardw are a ddr ess 2 -3 hashed cookie persist ence m ode [...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide In dex - iii AUX 2-2 co ns ole 2 - 2 Gig abit Eth ern et 2- 2 management port 2-2 pos iti onin g 2- 4 pow er s ock et 2- 3 pow er s upp ly 2- 3 pow eri ng on 2- 5 Px M configu r ing re du nda ncy w i t h ESRP 8-6 multi ple VLA Ns and redunda ncy 8-7 R rack moun ting 2-4 rea l [...]

iv - Index Px Seri es Applicati on Switch Ins tallation a nd Configurati on Guide[...]

Px Ser ies Appli c ation S witch Instal lation and Co nfiguration G uide I Inde x of Comma nds B bui ld 4-8, 8-2, 8-3 C cle ar lo g 4- 16 co nfi g a cco un t 4- 6 co nfi g b a nne r 4- 17 confi g defa ult-ga tewa y 8- 8 config dns- clien t add 4-11 config dns-clien t defaul t-do m ain 4-11 config dns-clien t delete 4 -11 conf ig domain defa u lt 5-[...]

ii - Index of Command s Px Seri es Applicatio n Switch Ins tallation an d Configurati on Guide config syslo g ip address 4 - 16 config syst em-ip 4-8 config vrrp add b ackup vrid 8-3 conf ig vrrp add ma ster vri d 8-2 conf i gu re server-gro u p name e x t r heal t h-check ht t p 9-4 cre at e a cco unt 4 - 6 cre at e so ur ce -flo w 6- 16 cre at e [...]