Steinberg WaveLab 7 manual

Getting into the details[...]

The information in this document is subject to change withou t notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Steinberg Media Technologies GmbH. The software described by this document is subject to a License Agreement and may not be copied to other media except as specifically allo wed in the License Agreement. No part of this publicati[...]

Contents 1 W aveLab 7 Help 1 2 Getting Help 3 2.1 Help menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3 Using the interface 5 3.1 About T ool W indows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.2 Adjusting Envelopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[...]

ii CONTE NTS 4.6 Offline processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 4.6.1 Change Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 4.6.2 Level envelope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 4.6.3 Normalize Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [...]

CONTE NTS iii 5.3.3 Oscilloscope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 5.3.4 Bit Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 5.3.5 Phasescope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 5.3.6 Spectrometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[...]

iv CONTE NTS 6.4.7 Focused Clip window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 6.4.8 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 6.4.9 Scripting window (Audio Mont age W orkspace) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 6.4.10 Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [...]

CONTE NTS v 7.3.0.9 Stereo to Mono . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 7.3.0.10 Pan Normalizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 7.3.0.11 Loudness normalizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 7.3.0.12 D C Remover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 7.3.0.1[...]

vi CONTE NTS 11.1.11 Audio Streaming Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 11.1.12 Auto Split . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 11.1.13 B atch Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 11.1.14 B asic Audio C D Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[...]

CONTE NTS vii 11.1.65 Recently used files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 11.1.66 Recording Dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 11.1.67 Record create marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 11.1.68 Rename File dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [...]

viii CONTE NTS 11.3.3 Basic Audio C D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 11.3.4 Scripting window (Audio File W orkspace) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 11.3.5 Metadat a window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 11.3.6 Marker Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[...]

CONTE NTS ix 12.33 UV22H R Dithering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 12.34 Steinberg Vintage Compressor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 12.35 Steinberg VST Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 12.36 Crystal Res ampler . . . . . . . . . . . . . [...]

x CONTE NTS 15.20 Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 15.21 Cross fade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 15.22 DA W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 15.23 DC Offset . . . . . . . . . . . [...]

CONTE NTS xi 15.74 U P C/ EAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412 15.75 W A V files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412 15.76 W A V64 files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 15.77 W aveform . . . . . . . [...]

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Chapter 1 W aveLab 7 Help W elcome to the W aveLab Help browser . Y ou can expand the tree structure in the panel on the left (under the Contents t ab) to find individual Help topics. Y ou can also use the Index and B ookmarks t abs, in addition to a powerful Search feature (under the Search t ab). Please see Getting Help for more ways of using th[...]

2 W aveLab 7 Help W aveLab 7[...]

Chapter 2 Getting Help W aveLab's det ailed help system makes it easy to look up interface features and get informa- tion from within the program. There are three main types of help available: What is this? Access this by clicking on the icon, or the question mark icon in a dialog window titlebar , or by holding down [Shift] +[F1]. Once activa[...]

4 Getting Help Related topics Help menu Command bars 2.1 Help menu The Help menu gives you a convenient point of access to W aveLab's Help system. Help about the active window ... Select this (or press [F1]/[Command]+[?]) to give help on the active window . If a dialog box is open, the dialog is described. Contents... This lists the Help conte[...]

Chapter 3 Using the interface This section gives information on interface features that may not be obvious and which may help to speed up your workflow, especially as your experience with W aveLab increases. W aveLab is incredibly flexible in the ways that you can set up your working environment. Interface elements can be arranged to suit your wo[...]

6 Using the interface Switcher window T ab Groups T ransport controls V alue editing W orkspaces Zooming and scrolling 3.1 A bout T ool Windows Throughout W aveLab there are various tool windows available that enable you to view , an- alyze and edit the current active document. Generally the content of a tool window is syn- chronized with the activ[...]

3.2 Adjusting Envelopes 7 mode.They can also be placed in the Control Window , in a tab group. Each shared tool window has a menu entry to allow this ("Place in Control W indow"). Differences between Mac and Windows Floating windows behave slightly differently on Apple Mac and W indows, due to some basic differences between the platforms:[...]

8 Using the interface T o select more than one point, press [Ctrl]/[Command] when clicking - you can then move them together . Selected points don't have to be contiguous. Y ou can also click anywhere in the window and drag the cursor over the envelope points to select them. Y ou can drag any segment to move the whole envelope profile up and [...]

3.4 Context menus 9 cation window and release the mouse button. The application window and other Command bars will automatically make space for the Command bar in its new position. By default, Command bars are docked and don't float. Y ou can make them float individually or not, by right clic king and selecting the desired option from the me[...]

10 Using the interface Related topics Shortcut system 3.5 Doc king windows All of W aveLab's tool windows can be used as docked windows or as stand-alone "floating" windows. They can be freely dragged around and doc ked at various locations. Command bars can also be freely moved around and docked along the edges of most windows. See[...]

3.6 Double clicking 11 W orkspace and you wish to display it in the Audio File W orkspace, you can simply click the blue button and the VU Meter window will move back into its t ab container. Y ou can choose to deactivate the default moving behavior by deselecting Workspace > Auto move shared tool windows . Shared tool windows do not then move w[...]

12 Using the interface Start playback (A udio File/ Montage W orkspace) - double click in the time line to start playback from that point. In addition to these specific ex amples, in various places throughout W aveLab, double- clicking can be used to begin editing certain values. Depending on the context the type of editing triggered will vary . I[...]

3.7 Dragging operations 13 Within the Audio File W orkspace Drag objects within the Audio File W orkspace to perform the following functions: Paste an Audio File - drag a document's title bar t ab or document button onto the waveform area of another file, to copy and paste its audio content. Y ou can also drag a compatible file directly from[...]

14 Using the interface Delete/ Move a marker - drag the marker along the time ruler to change its position. Drag while pressing the [Shift] key to create a copy of this marker. Drag above the time ruler to delete the marker. Create a marker from selected text - drop text that you have selected in an external application onto the time ruler to creat[...]

3.9 Select-clicking 15 0 or F7 - Stop. When pressed while already stopped, the cursor jumps to the previous playback start position. A further "0" returns the cursor to the st art of the file. Enter (Numeric Pad) or F8 - St art [Ctrl]/[Command] + F6 - Plays from the beginning to the end of the selection, if any . W here there are markers[...]

16 Using the interface Not all commands are restricted to a W orkspace, for ex ample, all Master Section commands are global to the application, and Record commands (Record dialog) are active only when the Record dialog has focus. In addition, a few specific Global shortcuts can be defined from Preferences... > Global P references > Global [...]

3.11 Sliders 17 Adding menu items to a Command bar button Each W orkspace has a number of default Command bars defined, but you can add further menu items to customize Command bars. Each menu command with an icon can be potentially added to a Command bar. Commands are internally grouped by functionality , so the button always appears in its relate[...]

18 Using the interface Related topics Adjusting Envelopes 3.12 Status Bar The Status bar is normally displayed at the bottom of the screen and shows information about the active window using the units specified in the rulers. The W ave and Mouse cursor time positions are shown using the s ame units of time as in the rulers and dialog boxes. Level [...]

3.13 Switcher window 19 Related topics Time Format dialog Zoom factor Audio properties dialog 3.13 Switc her window This small floating window allows you to switc h between each of the main W orkspaces in W aveLab, and also to open and create documents. It is visible at all times and floats above all other windows. Y ou can choose which W orkspac[...]

20 Using the interface In an editing W orkspace, a t ab group cont ains one or more documents (e.g. Audio Files).In the Control W indow , a tab group cont ains one or more shared tool windows. In W aveLab it is possible to create more than one t ab group.T o activate a t ab, simply click on the title bar of the t ab you wish to work on. Tip: Becaus[...]

3.15 T ransport controls 21 Convert from Mono to Stereo - (Audio File W orkspace) by holding down [Control + Alt]/[Command + Alt] to convert a mono file from mono to stereo while dragging the file to a new tab. Quickly switch between tabs - by moving the mouse wheel while over the t ab bar . This switches the focus between the different t abs. Ti[...]

22 Using the interface Additional transport functions such as st art, skip and stopping playback options are also available from the transport command bar . In W aveLab additional playback speed and jog/shuttle shortcuts are also provided. For an explanation of eac h parameter and inter face feature, clic k on , or the 'What's this?'[...]

3.17 W orkspaces 23 3.17 W orkspaces A W orkspace is a window that provides an editing and playback environment for a particular audio document type. Each type of W orkspace presents the functions related to the specific file types it is made for; this reduces clutter in the user interface. In W aveLab there is a W orkspace for each main type of [...]

24 Using the interface One or more Command bars , for quick access to functions via buttons. Command bars can be customized extensively . See Customize Commands . T ab groups , to host the document(s) to edit. This is a central part of the W orkspace: you can reorder the t ab bar, move it to another W orkspace, create a new empty docu- ment, displa[...]

3.18 Zooming and scrolling 25 W ith the cursor in the wave window hold down [Ctrl]/[Command] while rot ating the mouse wheel. The view will zoom horizontally; if you hold down [Shift] the view will zoom vertically. Activating the zoom tool Activate the zoom tool by holding down [Ctrl]/[Command] and clic k on the waveform ( [Ctrl]/[Command] must be [...]

26 Using the interface W aveLab 7[...]

Chapter 4 W aveLab Concepts W aveLab is an incredibly powerful tool and has many features which can be used for a wide variety of audio editing, mastering and mixing purposes. This section provides you with links to some of the main concepts used throughout W aveLab. Understanding these concepts can help you to get the most out of W aveLab. Related[...]

28 W aveLab Concepts features to s atisfy the needs of top professionals and audio enthusiasts. Sample accurate time and spectrum audio editing Now available for both the Mac and P C platforms, ideally suited to high performance multi-screen setups Excellent performance and outst anding audio quality with support for all common bit- rates: 8-, 16-,[...]

4.2 Analysis 29 you can even compare two Audio Files with the Audio file compare tool and view audio in a Spectrum or Loudness view for greater precision when editing. Below you can find links to some of these tools used in W aveLab. Most of them can be found in the Analysis menu. The meters can be found in the Meters menu or via the W orkspace &[...]

30 W aveLab Concepts Errors - this t ab is to help you find glitches and sections where the audio has clipped (gone beyond 0 dB).For more control over the analysis, use Error detection and cor- rection . Checking and browsing the results Checking the results on the Pitch and Extra tabs is simple, since only one value is returned for the whole sect[...]

4.2 Analysis 31 vocal notes in a song, for ex ample. The graph used in W aveLab is sometimes called a 3D- Spectrogram. Displaying and viewing the graph Y ou can choose to analyze a selection of audio or an entire file. If you select a stereo record- ing, a mix of the two channels will be analyzed. Once you have your region selected or no region (i[...]

32 W aveLab Concepts 1. If, for instance, you have a sine of 0 dB / 2 second followed by a sine of -6 dB / 2 seconds. This means the global audio material has as much 0 dB material as - 6dB material: you will see 2 peaks (0 / -6 dB), each at 100%. 2. If, for inst ance, uou have a sine of 0 dB / 1 second followed by a sine of -6 dB / 3 seconds. This[...]

4.3 Authoring CDs and DVDs 33 T rack markers and CD authoring In W aveLab one of the main concepts to underst and about audio C Ds is the use of markers to define tracks, and the breaks between tracks. Each track must at least have a trac k st art and track end marker . Some of the various authoring tools provided by W aveLab will generate these t[...]

34 W aveLab Concepts Authoring a data disk Y ou can also burn data C Ds and DVDs using the Dat a C D/ DVD window throughout W ave- Lab (if you wish to back up all your session files, for ex ample). Y ou can access this window via Utilities > Data CD / DVD... . Y ou can add any file to a new dat a CD or dvd at anytime via the File > Special [...]

4.4 Markers 35 About marker types There are many types of markers, all of which, in addition to visually marking locations in a file, can be used to assist editing and playback. Some like the Loop and CD T rack markers have a unique function. For information on each type and how to use them see Marker types . Adding markers The most common way to [...]

36 W aveLab Concepts Using markers for editing and playback Once you have defined one or more markers in an audio mont age or Audio File you can use them to: Control playbac k - you can access various commands to start at, stop at, loop be- tween and skip markers during playback via the T ransport menu. T hese can also be accessed from the T ransp[...]

4.4 Markers 37 4.4.1 Marker types Markers have a variety of uses in editing and playback, such as indicating cue points, absolute time locations, highlighting "problem" sections and for visually separating tracks.W aveLab provides a set of specialized markers for creating C D/ DVD-A tracks, muting or skipping sections and for use with the[...]

38 W aveLab Concepts Error correction markers These two marker pairs may be placed manually, but their main use is with the Error Detec- tion and Correction tool - see Error detection and correction . Y ou can access this tool by choosing W orkspace > Specific tool windows > Error Correction . Error start and end markers - these markers are [...]

4.5 Metering 39 Analyze audio selection - this allows you to make a selection and have the meters display the average values over the selected range as a st atic display . The Master Section settings are not taken into account in this mode. W hen you change the selection, you need to update the meter displays by selecting "Refresh selection an[...]

40 W aveLab Concepts The Peak Level meters display the peak levels of each channel, graphically and numeri- cally . By default, the meter segments and numerical peak values are displayed in green for low levels, yellow for levels between -6dB and -2dB, and red for levels above -2dB. Y ou can c hange both the colors and the range boundaries if you w[...]

4.5 Metering 41 shown as a short horizontal lines above the corresponding band, indicating recent peak/- maximum values. The Spectroscope offers a quick spectrum overview. For a more det ailed analysis of the audio spectrum, use the Spectrometer . The Spectroscope can be found in the Meters menu of the Audio Files and Audio Mont age W orkspaces. It[...]

42 W aveLab Concepts adjustment). Y ou can try this out for yourself by playing back a 16 bit Audio File and viewing the Bit Meter - as soon as you adjust the Master Faders, note that 24 bits are used and the "inter" indicator is lit (more on this below). How to read the Bit Meter The innermost meters (closest to the bit scale) show the n[...]

4.5 Metering 43 4.5.5 Phasescope The Phasescope indicates the phase and amplitude relationship between two stereo chan- nels. It is only really relevant when monitoring stereo audio material. Reading the Phasescope It can be interpreted as follows: A vertical line indicates a perfect mono signal (the left and right channels are the s ame). A horizo[...]

44 W aveLab Concepts Related topics Metering 4.5.6 Spectrometer The Spectrometer uses FFT (Fast Fourier T ransform) techniques to display a continuous frequency graph, providing a very precise and det ailed real-time frequency analysis. The current frequency spectrum is shown as a linear graph. Spectrum "peaks" are shown as a short horizo[...]

4.5 Metering 45 Selecting Spectrometer presets If you have assigned your settings to the Preset buttons in the Settings dialog, you can quickly switch between different level scales and display modes, by clicking one of the Preset icons [1]-[5], or selecting the desired preset from the Options pop-up menu. Exporting FFT data as ASCI I text W hen us[...]

46 W aveLab Concepts 4.6 Offline processing Offline processes are used for a variety of editing purposes and creative effects. Offline processing refers to functions that are only performed when s aving the file. "Offline" means the process can't be monitored during playback, either because they require too much processing power[...]

4.6 Offline processing 47 W aveLab cont ains a powerful array of offline processing tools including the following: Change Level Level envelope Normalize Level Silence Generator Loop T one Uniformizer Pitch correction Time stretching Loop T weaker Effect morphing Loudness distribution Loudness normalizer Pan Normalizer Pitch bend Pitch quantize Re[...]

48 W aveLab Concepts 4.6.2 Level envelope This dialog allows you to create a volume envelope which can be applied to a selected range or a whole Audio File. This could be useful if you need to even-out loud and quiet parts, for example. Y ou can edit the envelope by: Double clicking on the line to add a point: double click on a point to remove it. [...]

4.6 Offline processing 49 4.6.4 Silence Generator This dialog allows you to generate "silence", either by replacing an audio selection, or by specifying a duration. Y ou can also specify a cross fade at each end of the silent region, for a smoother transition. Radio buttons determine where the silent period is placed in the audio. In W a[...]

50 W aveLab Concepts 4. Set up the post cross fade parameters and click Apply . It can also be a useful tip to lock the loop markers after you use this command on a selection within an Audio File. Once the loop is processed in place, moving the loop markers will upset playback of the loop. Y ou can access this dialog in the Audio File W orkspace vi[...]

4.6 Offline processing 51 Y ou can view exact time information on the original audio selection you wish to stretch and choose the amount you wish to "stretch" it in seconds, beats per minute or as a percent age. Y ou can also choose which method W aveLab uses to stretch the audio and the quality/speed of the processing. If you select &qu[...]

52 W aveLab Concepts loop points. Y ou can also leave this dialog window open and manually adjust the position of the markers in the main waveform windows if you need to make large adjustments. Cross fade This t ab allows you to apply a cross fade at the end of a loop by mixing a copy of the beginning of the loop with it. This can be useful to smoo[...]

4.6 Offline processing 53 4. Adjust your envelope points over time between 0% and 100%. This will determine the level and direction of the morph. For ex ample, st arting at 100% and ending at 0% will fade out the effect you just applied. 5. Choose "Unprocessed selection" for this ex ample. As mentioned previously you can also use any aud[...]

54 W aveLab Concepts The Loudness Normalizer raises the loudness and limits peaks in the signal at the s ame time (if needed), to achieve the target loudness. In the case of stereo files, both channels are processed independently . This process happens over several st ages; analysis precedes the final rendering. T he Loudness Normalizer dialog gi[...]

4.6 Offline processing 55 If length preservation is activated, you can choose the algorithm that is used to perform the pitch bend operation. Depending on the type of audio material you are processing, choose the appropriate mode. For more information on the different modes, use the "W hat's This?" tool. Y ou can also adjust the qua[...]

56 W aveLab Concepts copy them for use on another computer .They are also useful when used in conjunction with batch conversions and Scripting . W orking with Presets W hen working with Presets you save/edit and load them from their own pop-up menu. De- pending on the context, the available functions sometimes vary but generally you can: Save/ Save[...]

4.6 Offline processing 57 About Preset files Each preset is stored as an individual file inside W aveLab's main presets folder . This makes it easy to back them up or copy them to another computer . Y ou can c hange the location of this main Presets folder via Global Preferences > Setting location . Y ou have the choice of the following [...]

58 W aveLab Concepts Related topics Scripting 4.6.16 Rendering T o Render effects into a temporary or final file, you use the Render function (note that the "Save" function from the File menu does not Render!). The Render function is part of the Master Section and in other applications is sometimes referred to as "bouncing down&quo[...]

4.7 Presets 59 montage/audio file to free up some processing power . Y ou can then continue editing the result ant file with the effects rendered. Remember to save a copy of your session before doing this so you can go back and edit any levels or effects if you need to. For more information about choosing settings when rendering see the Render W [...]

60 W aveLab Concepts Define shortcut for the current setting - when available, this allows you to assign a shortcut to the current preset using either a key shortcut, keyword or via a M I D I trigger . For ex ample, if you have a preset to normalize audio at -0.1 dB and you assign it a key shortcut then everytime you execute the shortcut, the pres[...]

4.8 Rendering 61 Windows XP - C: Documents and Settings [User Name] Application Data Steinberg WaveLab 7 Presets Mac OS X - root/[User Name]/ Library/ Prefences/WaveLab 7/ Presets/ Y ou can also find this folder by using the "Open active settings folder" link in the preferences pane. This opens your file browser to wherever [...]

62 W aveLab Concepts "Apply" all settings in the Master Section to a file in a W ave window . W hen you render a file you can choose the format of the new Audio File and whether you wish to create a new file or render the file in place. W hen the file is rendering you will see a progress bar in the st atus bar .In W aveLab you can al[...]

4.9 Scripting 63 tasks such as trimming and cropping a file at specific times, for example. Y ou can write scripts that perform other basic editing commands, apply offline processing, place markers, and display information about the active file. Y ou can script commands to edit the active Audio File or the active Audio Mont age. If you have som[...]

64 W aveLab Concepts Scripting window contexts It is important to note that certain scripting commands are only available in the Audio File W orkspace and others only in the Audio Mont age W orkspace. Others are "global", meaning you can use them in either W orkspace. T o begin exploring the W aveLab Scripting Language in more det ail see[...]

4.9 Scripting 65 activeWave.addMarker(generic, "Marker "+i, "A comment for marker "+i); //write some information about the new marker var cursorTimeSecs = nextCursorPosition/activeWave.sampleRate(); logWindow.printInfo("created a new marker at " + cursorTimeSecs + " seconds"); } Related topics W aveLab Script[...]

66 W aveLab Concepts A udio File Scripting Commands Objects activeW ave Object representing the active Audio File. Many functions make use of presets as an argument. For ex ample, the normalize() function accepts a preset as an argument: activeWave.normalize("myPreset"); The advantage is that you don't need to specify many parameters[...]

4.9 Scripting 67 addMarker(type, name, comment) - Add a marker at the cursor position. Possible values for type are: generic temporary cdTrackStart cdTrackEnd cdTrackFrontier cdTrackIndex loopStart loopEnd muteStart muteEnd playbackStarter regionStart regionEnd errorStart errorEnd correctionStart correctionEnd Example: activeWave.addMarker(generic,[...]

68 W aveLab Concepts changeLevel(dbV alue) - Changes the level of the selected audio range. fadeIn(shape) and fadeOut(shape) - Applies a fade on the selected audio range. shape can be one of the following: linear sinus squareRoot sinusoid log exp expp Example: activeWave.fadeIn(squareRoot); levelEnvelope(presetName) - Loads the envelope shape and a[...]

4.9 Scripting 69 buf = activeWave.readSamples(0, 20, 100); // read 100 samples on left channel, fr om sample index 20 for (i = 0; i < 100; i++) { logWindow.printInfo(buf[i]); } A udio Montage Scripting Commands Functions Preliminary info: the Scripting API is an open project and will evolve according to user re- quests. size() - Returns the numb[...]

70 W aveLab Concepts regionEnd errorStart errorEnd correctionStart correctionEnd Example: activeWave.addMarker(generic, "SomeName", "SomeComment"); findNextMarkerP osition(posStartSearch, type) - Searches for the next marker of type , from a given position. Returns the marker position, if any is found, or -1. insertMonoT rack(w[...]

4.9 Scripting 71 Related topics EC MAScript Reference 4.9.2 E CMAScript Reference W aveLab's scripting language is based on the E C MAScript scripting language, as defined in standard ECMA-262 Microsoft's J Script, Netscape's JavaScript and Adobe's Actionscript are also based on the E C MAScript standard. If you are not familia[...]

72 W aveLab Concepts Objects Object Function Array String Boolean Number Date RegExp Error Examples: //Test if a value is not a number var isNumber = isNaN("this is a string"); //Print the result in the log window logWindow.printInfo(isNumber); //Traces "true" because it is a String //Convert a string to a number var numStr = &q[...]

4.9 Scripting 73 Functions toString() apply(thisArg, argArray) call(thisArg [, arg1 [, arg2, ...]]) Example: //Create a new custom marker Object function customMarker(name, comment, timeSecs) { this.name=name; this.comment=comment; this.timeSecs=timeSecs; } //Create a new instance of the custom marker var myMarker=new customMarker("A custom ma[...]

74 W aveLab Concepts //Create an empty array var a = new Array(); //Add some items to it a.push("first array item"); a.push("next array item", "last array item"); //Print them out in the Log window logWindow.printInfo(a.toString()); //Call the Array's reverse function a.reverse(); //View the results in the Log win[...]

4.9 Scripting 75 B oolean objects Functions toString() valueOf() Example: //Test if an equation is true or false var isTrue = (1 + 1 == 3); //Convert the Boolean to a String and trace in the Log window logWindow.printInfo(isTrue.toString()); Number Objects Functions toString(radix) toLocaleString() toFixed(fractionDigits) toExponential(fractionDigi[...]

76 W aveLab Concepts Functions abs(x) acos(x) asin(x) atan(x) atan2(y, x) ceil(x) cos(x) exp(x) floor(x) log(x) max([value1 [, value2 [, ...]]]) min([value1 [, value2 [, ...]]]) pow(x, y) random() round(x) sin(x) sqrt(x) tan(x) Examples: //Get a random number from 0 to 1 var r = Math.random(); //Print it out in the log window logWindow.printInfo(r[...]

4.9 Scripting 77 toLocaleDateString() toLocaleTimeString() valueOf() getTime() getFullY ear() getUT C FullY ear() getMonth() getUT C Month() getDate() getUT C Date() getDay() getUT C Day() getHours() getUT C Hours() getMinutes() getUT C Minutes() getSeconds() getUT C Seconds() getMilliseconds() getUT C Milliseconds() getTimeZoneOffset() setTime(tim[...]

78 W aveLab Concepts setUT C Month(month [, date]) setFullY ear(year [, month [, date]]) setUT C FullY ear(year [, month [, date]]) toUT C String() Example: //Create a new date object var d = new Date(); //Print it out in the log window logWindow.printInfo(d); //Get just the hours logWindow.printInfo(d.getHours()); RegExp Objects Functions exec(str[...]

4.10 The Spectrum display 79 T ypes of Native Errors available EvalError RangeError ReferenceError SyntaxError T ypeError U R I Error Related topics W aveLab Scripting Language Scripting window (Audio File W orkspace) Scripting window (Audio Mont age W orkspace) 4.10 T he Spectrum display In W aveLab's Audio File W orkspace, the main wave edit[...]

80 W aveLab Concepts Y ou can access this dialog from both wave windows in the Audio File W orkspace via the Spectrum tab > Edit settings... . For an explanation of eac h parameter and inter face feature, clic k on , or the 'What's this?' question mark icon. For more information see Getting Help Related topics The Spectrum display[...]

4.11 Spectrum editor 81 Y ou can resize a region by placing the mouse cursor at the edges of the region (so that a double-arrow appears) and then clicking and dragging. T o remove a region that you have drawn, clic k anywhere else on the waveform and it disappears. If you have defined a region as a Source or T arget, it can be selected at any time[...]

82 W aveLab Concepts Processed separately by the Master Section plug-ins. The non-selected spectrum can either be bypassed or sent to the Master Section. Bypassed. This removes the selected spectrum region from the Audio File. The non- selected spectrum can either be routed to the Master Section input or the Master Sec- tion output. Sent to Master [...]

4.12 About Regular Expressions 83 This mode works best with the Infinite steepness setting, which is automatically selected when Blur peaks is used. Y ou can, however , freely set any Filter steepness setting. The filter type options are not available when this mode is selected. Dispersion This is a special filter that "smears" the dyn[...]

84 W aveLab Concepts It is beyond the scope of this Help system to describe this subject thoroughly (there are good internet resources available), but please read on if you wish to c heck out the basic building blocks used in regular expressions. Common expressions A regular expression is a formula composed of characters that have special meanings [...]

4.12 About Regular Expressions 85 Menu item Operator Description Any character . Symbolizes any character Character in range [ ] A bracketed text is treated as a single character , for example: [AEW13] means A or E or W or 1 or 3. A hyphen within the brackets specifies a range of characters. For example, [F-I] means F or G or H or I, and [A-Z0-9] [...]

86 W aveLab Concepts The Shortcuts sub-menu on the Regular Expression pop-up menu cont ains the following options: Menu item Operator Description Any digit /d Special code to symbolize any digit, as [0-9]. Any non-digit / D Special code to symbolize any non-digit, as [ ∧ 0-9]. Any letter /l Special code to symbolize any letter, as [a-z]. Any non-[...]

4.12 About Regular Expressions 87 Regular Expressions W aveLab 7[...]

88 W aveLab Concepts W aveLab 7[...]

Chapter 5 A udio File editing The Audio File W orkspace's W ave window is the heart of W aveLab's audio editing capabili- ties. This is where you view , play back and edit individual Audio Files. The W ave window gives you a graphical represent ation of an Audio File. It consists of two parts: The upper waveform ( Overview ) This is mainl[...]

90 Audio File editing editing/restoration tool. See The Spectrum display for more information on the unique Spectrum display mode. Rulers There are both time and level rulers. These can be hidden and displayed (see the Ruler and W ave Display context menus). Y ou can also set which units of time and level they show . T o access the settings for bot[...]

5.1 Offline processing 91 T o audition your Audio File hold down [Alt]/[Option] and clic k anywhere in the waveform to begin playback. Dragging can also be used with several editing functions in the Audio File W orkspace. See Audio File W orkspace in Dragging operations for more information. Related topics Offline processing Analysis Metering T r[...]

92 Audio File editing 2. Select the desired offline process from the Process menu. 3. If a dialog appears, make the appropriate settings. If the dialog uses presets, you can load one of them to fill out the settings automatically. 4. W hen you have finished with the settings in the dialog, click the Apply/ Paste/ Process button to permanently re[...]

5.1 Offline processing 93 Presets Rendering 5.1.1 Change Level This dialog allows you to apply a gain to change the level of an Audio File. Y ou can also use "Find current peak level" to obt ain a report on the peak level of the current audio selection (or the peak level in the whole file, if "Process whole file if there is no sel[...]

94 Audio File editing 5.1.3 Normalize Level This dialog allows you to change the peak level of your Audio File. Enter the desired peak level (in dB) that you wish the audio selection to have. Y ou can also use "Find current peak level" to obtain a report on the peak level of the current audio selection (or the peak level in the whole fil[...]

5.1 Offline processing 95 in level and timbral c haracteristics in order for a sound to loop properly . F or ex ample, this could be useful for creating looped s amples for a softsynth or hardware sampler. T o use the Loop T one Uniformizer you need to have a loop defined using a pair of loop markers . The original length of the loop is not chang[...]

96 Audio File editing Method - use these controls to adjust the method and quality you wish to use when processing the pitch change. Y ou can also choose how the length of the sound is affected by the operation. By default this process will not change the length of the sound. This tool could be useful for fixing an off-key vocal note in a live rec[...]

5.1 Offline processing 97 Adjusting Envelopes 5.1.8 Loop T weaker This dialog allows you to refine a region of audio to loop seamlessly . The Loop T weaker can just be used to "tweak" an existing loop selection so that it loops perfectly or you can also use it to create a loop from material which does not naturally repeat. T o use the L[...]

98 Audio File editing Adjusting Envelopes Zero crossing 5.1.9 Effect morphing This dialog within the Audio File W orkspace allows you to gradually mix two audio ranges that have different effects/processing applied to them. Effect morphing allows you to smoothly "morph" or blend from one effect to another , or from an unprocessed audio se[...]

5.1 Offline processing 99 2. If, for inst ance, uou have a sine of 0 dB / 1 second followed by a sine of -6 dB / 3 seconds. This means there are 3 times more -6 dB material than 0 dB material. Y ou will see a peak of about 33% at 0 dB, and another peak of 100% at -6 dB. This analysis is useful for learning about how the loudness of your music is d[...]

100 Audio File editing 5.1.12 Pan Normalizer This dialog allows you to ensure that both channels of a stereo file have the same level or loudness. Since loudnesss is more import ant than peak volume in the perception of sound, this is a powerful tool to get the best possible stereo balance. This process uses two passes to first analyze the audio [...]

5.1 Offline processing 101 single instruments. It can be useful for 're-tuning' the pitc h of an imperfect recorded vocal performance, for ex ample. The dialog allows you to choose the reference frequency (normally 440 Hz) and the time taken for the pitch correction to reach the nearest semitone. An explanation of when and how to adjust [...]

102 Audio File editing submenu select the number under which you want to s ave (#1 - #5). T o quickly load the saved settings again, select the corresponding number from the "Restore" submenu. Define shortcut for the current setting - when available, this allows you to assign a shortcut to the current preset using either a key shortcut, [...]

5.1 Offline processing 103 Windows 7 - C: Users [User Name] AppData Roaming Steinberg WaveLab 7 Presets Windows XP - C: Documents and Settings [User Name] Application Data Steinberg WaveLab 7 Presets Mac OS X - root/[User Name]/ Library/ Prefences/WaveLab 7/ Presets/ Y ou can also find this folder by using the "Open[...]

104 Audio File editing Mix down a complete Audio Mont age to an Audio File. "Apply" all settings in the Master Section to a file in a W ave window . W hen you render a file you can choose the format of the new Audio File and whether you wish to create a new file or render the file in place. W hen the file is rendering you will see a [...]

5.2 Analysis 105 5.2 A nalysis W aveLab provides you with a comprehensive set of tools for analyzing your audio and di- agnosing any errors. Y ou can view your Audio File in many different ways using the suite of audio meters, via its frequency spectrum, or even in three dimensions. There are also several tools to interrogate any s ample of your au[...]

106 Audio File editing Extras - this t ab is for informing you about D C offsets and the significant bit resolution of the file. This can be useful, for ex ample, if you wanted to check whether a 16 bit file really uses 16 bits (or if it was actually recorded with only 8 bit resolution and then upscaled to 16 bits). Errors - this t ab is to help[...]

5.2 Analysis 107 starts or ends in a file, for ex ample, it doesn't tell you anything about the timbral contents of the file. A frequency graph (frequency domain) allows you to investigate the individual frequency components of an Audio File. With the addition of the time dimension you can follow these frequencies in your Audio File over tim[...]

108 Audio File editing The tool gives an answer to the question: "How often does a given loudness (vertical scale, in dB) appear in the whole file?". The percent age figure is relative to other peaks. Some simple ex amples: 1. If, for instance, you have a sine of 0 dB / 2 second followed by a sine of -6 dB / 2 seconds. This means the gl[...]

5.3 Metering 109 Monitor Edit cursor position - the meters display st atic information about the audio beneath the edit cursor . Note that the Master Section settings are not t aken into account in this mode. Analyze audio selection - this allows you to make a selection and have the meters display the average values over the selected range as a st [...]

110 Audio File editing file. The upper part of the level/pan meter window shows the peak level and average loudness, in the following way: The Peak Level meters display the peak levels of each channel, graphically and numeri- cally . By default, the meter segments and numerical peak values are displayed in green for low levels, yellow for levels b[...]

5.3 Metering 111 5.3.2 Spectroscope The Spectroscope shows a continuous graphical represent ation of the frequency spectrum, analyzed into 60 separate frequency bands, represented as vertical bars. Peak levels are shown as a short horizontal lines above the corresponding band, indicating recent peak/- maximum values. The Spectroscope offers a quick[...]

112 Audio File editing As soon as you perform any kind of real-time processing on an Audio File, the audio data is treated at a much higher resolution (32 bit floating point), to allow for pristine audio quality . Examples of such processing include level adjustments, effects, the mixing of two or more files, etc. In fact, the only time when a 16[...]

5.3 Metering 113 Related topics Metering Dithering 5.3.5 Phasescope The Phasescope indicates the phase and amplitude relationship between two stereo chan- nels. It is only really relevant when monitoring stereo audio material. Reading the Phasescope It can be interpreted as follows: A vertical line indicates a perfect mono signal (the left and righ[...]

114 Audio File editing Changing settings Y ou can define display colors, peak hold time, and the resolution or number of s amples to display from the Functions > Settings... menu. The Phasescope meter can be found in the Meters menu of the Audio Files and Audio Mon- tage W orkspaces. It can be used either as a floating window , or docked in th[...]

5.3 Metering 115 If you want to store your settings for later use (or assign them to a Preset button), select "Save as..." from the pop-up menu in the lower part of the dialog, and specify a name for the preset in the file dialog that appears. Now , you can choose to make the settings inst antly available for selection in the F FT Meter [...]

116 Audio File editing It can be used either as a floating window , or docked in the W orkspace or the Control Win- dow . Related topics Metering 5.4 T ransport controls The transport controls allow you to control playback within an Audio File or montage, and to open the record window. It can be accessed via the T ransport menu or the T ransport t[...]

5.5 Specific tool windows 117 Related topics Playback speed Recording Dialog Command bars 5.5 Specific tool windows Specific tool windows are windows that are specific to the current W orkspace. They can perform useful t asks in the active W orkspace. They can be docked and un-docked, and saved in your custom layouts. Audio File W orkspace spec[...]

118 Audio File editing tab or document icon. This creates CD trac k markers at the file edges, quantized on CD frame boundaries. Drag an audio selection - dragging a selection (rather than a whole file) into the basic audio CD creates a C D track with markers at the edges, but quantized on C D frame boundaries, not necess arily exactly on the ex [...]

5.5 Specific tool windows 119 pauses and silences in your C D. The Master Section is never used to process the signal to burn, unlike in the montage. T his is why playback through the Master Section is an option that is off by default. W hen you are happy with your C D layout or you wish to further refine it further you can: Check CD conformity -[...]

120 Audio File editing Strategies to detect and correct errors There are several strategies that you can employ when detecting and correcting errors: Define an audio selection where you have identified an error, then clic k "Correct", or "Mark for subsequent correction". Use the function "Detect next error" to let W [...]

5.5 Specific tool windows 121 Opening and inserting a file or region Once you have chosen a file you wish to open, double-click it to open the file in the current W orkspace. Y ou can also open it by dragging it onto an empty tabbed group, or onto the tab bar of a t abbed group. Y ou can also drag the file over a wave view to insert it at a gi[...]

122 Audio File editing Change marker types - Y ou can change a marker type by (left) clicking on its icon and choosing another marker type from the pop-up list that appears. Edit a marker's name/time/comments - double click in a cell to edit a value (to align the marker to an exact time, for inst ance). Y ou can edit the name of the marker , i[...]

5.5 Specific tool windows 123 5.5.6 Sample attributes This dialog allows you to define settings for an audio sample before loading it into a hardware or software s ampler . The settings do not process the s ample in any way , they just give the file properties that the receiving s ampler can use. This includes information about the pitch of the [...]

124 Audio File editing 5.5.8 Spectrum editor This specific tool window allows you to select and perform operations on an Audio File via its audio spectrum. It uses high quality linear-phase filters to process a spectrum selection both in the time do- main and in the frequency domain. This can be useful for advanced audio restoration t asks like r[...]

5.5 Specific tool windows 125 Selection - use this part to refine and define your selection(s). Y ou can expand se- lections, shift selections around and define a source and t arget region for performing copy operations. Operations - use this part to perform copying, filtering and processing operations. For copying operations, you require both[...]

126 Audio File editing For an explanation of eac h parameter and inter face feature, clic k on , or the 'What's this?' question mark icon. For more information see Getting Help Related topics The Spectrum display Spectrum Processing Modes Spectrogram options Spectrometer 5.5.8.1 Spectrum Processing Modes W hen applying processing to [...]

5.6 Shared tool windows 127 the region, to maximum allowed by the gain parameter at the right edge), useful for gradually removing frequencies from a region. Fade In This works like Fade out but inversed. It can also be used in conjunction with any of the three filter types (B andpass/ Low-pass/ High-pass). Fade out then in This is a mix of the tw[...]

128 Audio File editing Related topics About T ool Windows Metering Docking windows 5.6.1 Phasescope The Phasescope indicates the phase and amplitude relationship between two stereo chan- nels. It is only really relevant when monitoring stereo audio material. Reading the Phasescope It can be interpreted as follows: A vertical line indicates a perfec[...]

5.6 Shared tool windows 129 Changing settings Y ou can define display colors, peak hold time, and the resolution or number of s amples to display from the Functions > Settings... menu. The Phasescope meter can be found in the Meters menu of the Audio Files and Audio Mon- tage W orkspaces. It can be used either as a floating window , or docked [...]

130 Audio File editing The upper pan meters show the peak level difference between the c hannels, graphically and numerically . Note that the pan meters are "two-sided"; the level bars can go to the left or right, indicating which channel is the loudest. The two sides are shown in different colors (which can be changed via the Settings di[...]

5.6 Shared tool windows 131 of the Audio File (e.g. a 16 bit Audio File shows that up to 16 bits are used), but sometimes this is not the case. As soon as you perform any kind of real-time processing on an Audio File, the audio data is treated at a much higher resolution (32 bit floating point), to allow for pristine audio quality . Examples of su[...]

132 Audio File editing Related topics Metering Dithering 5.6.5 Spectroscope The Spectroscope shows a continuous graphical represent ation of the frequency spectrum, analyzed into 60 separate frequency bands, represented as vertical bars. Peak levels are shown as a short horizontal lines above the corresponding band, indicating recent peak/- maximum[...]

5.6 Shared tool windows 133 return to full-scale display , select "Zoom-out fully" from the Functions menu, or double-click anywhere on the display . Making settings Y ou can adjust the behavior and display of the meters as desired, and assign up to five sets of Spectrometer settings to the Preset buttons, for instant access. Open the Se[...]

134 Audio File editing Making settings Y ou can adjust settings for the display via the W avescope Settings dialog. This can be accessed via Functions > Settings... menu, or by using the icon. Here you can set various color options for the bac kground, grid and waveform display , as well as setting the waveform rendering speed and vertical zoom.[...]

5.6 Shared tool windows 135 Y ou can adjust the priority with which they are processed, pause or cancel them. It is useful if you have a number of lengthy processes underway and want to free up some processing power to focus on editing. Y ou can either lower the priority of a task so it does not use as much of the computer processor's capacity[...]

136 Audio File editing 5.7 T ools In the Audio File W orkspace, W aveLab provides you with powerful tools for generating audio, splitting files, importing audio from C D and working with external applications. This page contains links to these tools which can be accessed from the T ools menu. Related topics Error detection and correction Auto Spli[...]

5.7 T ools 137 Use the function "Detect next error" to let W aveLab automatically find the next error, and then click "Correct", or "Mark for subsequent correction". Use the function "Detect all errors" to let W aveLab automatically find all errors in the predefined range. Then browse the marked errors, re[...]

138 Audio File editing Related topics Split Clip at silences 5.7.3 Signal generator This dialog allows you to generate complex synthesized sounds in mono or stereo. Y ou can layer different waveform generators together and if outputting a stereo file, adjust different settings for both the left and right channels. T here are a multitude of setting[...]

5.8 Peak Files 139 The D TM F system uses eight different frequency signals transmitted in pairs to repre- sent sixteen different numbers, symbols and letters. The characters you can use are: 0123456789AB C D ∗ #,) The M F system is limited to only fifteen characters: 0123456789AB C ∗ #, The D TM F Generator allows you to generate these DTMF/ [...]

140 Audio File editing W aveLab 7[...]

Chapter 6 A udio Montages The W aveLab Audio Mont age W orkspace is a non-destructive editing environment that al- lows you to arrange, edit, play back audio Clips. Features include both track and Clip-based effects, volume and pan automation, and wide-ranging fade and cross fade functions. The Audio Mont age is a great tool for creating music C Ds[...]

142 Audio Montages importing an audio C D Cue file/C D image as an Audio Mont age. This function allows you to open a cue file – a text file cont aining information about how C D tracks corre- spond to the audio in an associated CD image file. The result will be a montage with Clips corresponding to the tracks in the cue sheet. Cue sheets and[...]

143 by using drag and drop from the Audio File W orkspace (via a t ab or the document icon). by dragging an Audio File directly from your operating system's file browser . by copying and pasting audio from an Audio File in the Audio File W orkspace and pasting it into a track. by dragging from the File Browser window . by dragging a track fro[...]

144 Audio Montages you can also capture view settings as "snapshots", and apply these at any time using the Snapshots window. The info line The info line is the grey area below the main montage track view . It indicates what will happen when you click the mouse buttons (with or without modifier keys), depending on the location of your mo[...]

145 Replace selected range & bind right Clips (track) - As Replace selected range, but other Clips to the right on the same track are also moved accordingly. Replace selected range & bind right Clips (global) - As Replace selected range, but other Clips to the right on all tracks are also moved accordingly . Overwrite from cursor - If the i[...]

146 Audio Montages Multiple Clips and Groups It is possible to group multiple Clips together by holding down [Shift] or [Ctrl]/[Command] while selecting them. Y ou can then save them as a "selection group" so that later you can easily select all Clips in that Group with a single click. Y ou can even nest Groups inside each other . See Gro[...]

147 It allows you to render a whole Mont age to a single file, or various parts to multiple Audio Files in one operation (for ex ample: rendering regions, Groups or Clips) For more information see Rendering and Render Mont age window . CD Preparation The Audio Mont age W orkspace is an especially powerful tool when it comes to authoring profession[...]

148 Audio Montages is imported into W aveLab, the markers it cont ains will be interpreted as W aveLab markers upon import. For the various C D track markers, the codes to use are as follows: Marker type Code Example marker name CD track start [t-start] So it begins [t-start] CD track end [t-end] The end [t-end] of the road CD track splice t-splice[...]

6.1 Metering 149 T ools T ransport controls Specific tool windows Shared tool windows Utilities Audio Mont age Colors Clip Audio Mont age contextual information 6.1 Metering W aveLab contains a variety of audio meters to help in monitoring and analyzing audio.Meters can be used to monitor audio during playback, rendering, recording and also to ana[...]

150 Audio Montages Using meter windows There can only be one instance of each Audio Meter. For ex ample, if you dock one meter in a W orkspace, it will be automatically removed from the place where it was previously located. Audio Meters can appear in the Audio File, Audio Mont age W orkspaces as well as the Con- trol Window . They can be used: as [...]

6.1 Metering 151 time span. If you are monitoring playback or audio input, you will also note two vertical lines following each VU meter bar, seemingly "trying to reach" the current R M S value. These lines indicate the average of the most recent minimum R M S values (left line) and the average of the most recent maximum R M S values (rig[...]

152 Audio Montages Related topics Metering Spectrometer 6.1.3 Oscilloscope The Oscilloscope offers a highly magnified view of the waveform around the playback cursor position. If you are analyzing a stereo file, the Oscilloscope normally shows the separate levels of the two c hannels. However , if you activate the option "Show Sum and Subtra[...]

6.1 Metering 153 The outer meters are "history" meters, showing how many bits were recently in use. Y ou can adjust the hold time in the Settings dialog. The "over" segment indicates clipping, similar to a clip indicator . If the "below" segment is lit, there are more than 24 bits. The bit meter will show the 24 higher[...]

154 Audio Montages Reading the Phasescope It can be interpreted as follows: A vertical line indicates a perfect mono signal (the left and right channels are the s ame). A horizontal line indicates that the left channel is the s ame as the right, but with an inverse phase. A random but roughly elliptical shape indicates a well balanced stereo signal[...]

6.1 Metering 155 6.1.6 Spectrometer The Spectrometer uses FFT (Fast Fourier T ransform) techniques to display a continuous frequency graph, providing a very precise and det ailed real-time frequency analysis. The current frequency spectrum is shown as a linear graph. Spectrum "peaks" are shown as a short horizont al lines, indicating rece[...]

156 Audio Montages Exporting FFT data as ASCI I text W hen using the Spectrometer in off-line mode ("Monitor Edit cursor Position" or "Analyze audio election" mode) you can export the displayed FFT data as a text file, by selecting "Export F FT dat a as ASC I I" from the Options pop-up menu. T he resulting text file [...]

6.2 T ools 157 Related topics Meta-normalizer Configure external tools 6.2.1 Meta-normalizer This dialog allows you to adjust the loudness of each Clip so that they get the same loudness. Y ou can use it to equalize the volume of all the Clips within a montage, either by peak level or loudness. This can be an easy way to ensure that all Clips play[...]

158 Audio Montages Select how you wish W aveLab to behave before the external tool is launched. Once you have defined an external tool in this way , you can run it by selecting its title from the T ools menu from within its W orkspace. Y ou can access this dialog by choosing T ools > Configure external tools... . For an explanation of eac h pa[...]

6.4 Specific tool windows 159 Related topics Playback speed Recording Dialog Command bars 6.4 Specific tool windows Specific tool windows are windows that are specific to the current W orkspace. They perform useful t asks in the active W orkspace. They can be docked and un-docked, and saved in your custom layouts. Audio Montage W orkspace speci[...]

160 Audio Montages replace individual files in a mont age (this will update any Clip references) rename a file (this updates all internal Clip references) select Clips that are referenced by a specific file open a file in the Audio File W orkspace, and view the file in your computer's file browser. This window is a useful tool to use wh[...]

6.4 Specific tool windows 161 Edit a tracks's name - Y ou can add/edit a name for each track. Double click in a cell to edit. Note that to change the track name is to indirectly edit the marker name. Edit a track's start/end time - Y ou can edit the st art and end time for each track. This is the s ame as moving the track markers physica[...]

162 Audio Montages Red B ook C D-DA CD T ext IS R C U P C/ EAN 6.4.3 File Browser This dialog allows you to browse files directly from within W aveLab rather than using your operating system's file browser . It provides you with all the st andard browsing functions (such as List and Icon views)as well as additional controls to audition Audio[...]

6.4 Specific tool windows 163 6.4.4 Marker Window The marker window is a specific tool window that allows you to create, edit and use markers while working on an audio waveform. From the Functions menu you can also access useful functions to convert marker types , rename multiple markers and export the marker list as text . The Marker list The ma[...]

164 Audio Montages Related topics Specific tool windows Markers Marker types Convert marker type T ext format 6.4.5 History This specific tool window allows you to view a history of all your recent editing operations. Y ou can revert the current mont age to a previous st ate by selecting the operation you want to return to and double clicking on [...]

6.4 Specific tool windows 165 Lock a Clips's position - select the chec kbox to lock the Clip. This prevents it from being accident ally edited or dragged to a new position. Change Gain - use this control to increase/decrease the gain of the Clip. Double click in the cell to edit the value. Mute - select this to mute the Clip. Its color chang[...]

166 Audio Montages Fade-out - provides you with a range of tools for adjusting a Clip's Fade-out curve. Colors - up to 20 colors may be assigned to help distinguish particular Clips visually . Select a Clip then click on a color . Custom colors can be defined with great subtlety from Options > Colors... Select the Custom color to be defin[...]

6.4 Specific tool windows 167 editor , and loaded via the File menu. T o run a script, from within the script window choose Functions > Execute script . For a general description of scripting, see Scripting . For an overview of the scripting lan- guage, see E C MAScript Reference . Y ou can access this dialog from the Audio Mont age W orkspace [...]

168 Audio Montages 3. In the dialog that appears, select the Group to which you want to add the Clips. 4. Click OK. Removing Groups 1. Select the Group by clicking on its name in the Groups view list. 2. Pull down the Grouping menu and select "Remove selected group". The Group is removed (the Clips are not affected). Using Groups There ar[...]

6.4 Specific tool windows 169 W aveLab's Audio Mont age. It is worth noting that throughout W aveLab, where "C D" is mentioned (for ex ample, in messages), one can usually substitute "DVD-A". T o create a DVD-Audio disk, follow these basic steps: Create an audio montage - you need at least one audio mont age in order to cr[...]

170 Audio Montages Each track is represented by a horizont al colored bloc k. By default, stereo tracks are dark blue and monotracks are purple or pink (any custom colors you set for a track or via the Groups window are also displayed). The visible W orkspace is shown by a surrounding black rect angle. Dragging this rect angle scrolls the main mont[...]

6.5 Shared tool windows 171 Each independent Clip and/or audio track in the Mont age can be independently processed by up to ten VS T effect plug-ins. Effects are configured either as Inserts, when all sound is processed by the effect, or as Send effects where the balance between the unprocessed sound and the effect send level can be adjusted or c[...]

172 Audio Montages Shared tool windows: Phasescope VU Meter Oscilloscope Bit Meter Spectroscope Spectrometer W avescope Timecode Background t ask monitor Log window Master Section Related topics About T ool Windows Metering Docking windows 6.5.1 Phasescope The Phasescope indicates the phase and amplitude relationship between two stereo chan- nels. [...]

6.5 Shared tool windows 173 Phase Correlation meter At the bottom of the display , you will find a Phase Correlation meter , which shows the s ame information but in a different way: The green line shows the current phase correlation, while the two red lines show the recent peak minimum and maximum values, respectively (these are the default color[...]

174 Audio Montages time span. If you are monitoring playback or audio input, you will also note two vertical lines following each VU meter bar, seemingly "trying to reach" the current R M S value. These lines indicate the average of the most recent minimum R M S values (left line) and the average of the most recent maximum R M S values (r[...]

6.5 Shared tool windows 175 Making settings By opening the Settings dialog you can adjust the display colors, and choose to activate Auto-zoom or not. W ith Auto-zoom activated, the display is optimized so that the highest level reaches the top of the display at all times. The Settings dialog can be accessed through the Functions > Settings... m[...]

176 Audio Montages When to use the Bit Meter T o check whether dithering is necess ary or not. As a rule, if you're playing back or mixing down to 16 bits, and the Bit Meter shows that more than 16 bits are used, you should apply dithering. T o see the "actual" resolution of an Audio File. For ex ample, even though a file is in 24 b[...]

6.5 Shared tool windows 177 The current frequency spectrum is shown as a linear graph. Spectrum "peaks" are shown as a short horizont al lines, indicating recent peak/maxi- mum values. Snapshots By using the "Add snapshot" and "Erase last snapshot" buttons, you can t ake and erase snapshots of the current spectrum. The[...]

178 Audio Montages "Export F FT dat a as ASC I I" from the Options pop-up menu. T he resulting text file can then be imported into applications that allow graph plotting from text files (Microsoft Excel, for example). The Spectrometer can be found in the Meters menu of the Audio Files and Audio Mont age W orkspaces. It can be used eithe[...]

6.5 Shared tool windows 179 Y ou can access this window by choosing W orkspace > Shared tool windows > Time- code . It is available in the Control W indow , Audio File W orkspace and Audio Mont age W orkspace. For an explanation of eac h parameter and inter face feature, clic k on , or the 'What's this?' question mark icon. For[...]

180 Audio Montages Note: W hen using the logW indow( ) method you need to have the "Show informal notes" button selected for the mess ages to be visible. If no log mess ages are displayed, make sure all the toggle buttons are selected - . Y ou can access this window via Workspace > Shared tool windows > Log . It is available in the [...]

6.7 Audio Montage contextual information 181 The object you are directly over is indicated, along with any possible actions you can perform and any modifier keys that will enable further functions. These hints are displayed using icons and text descriptions from left to right. This option is enabled/disabled in the Audio Mont age W orkspace via Op[...]

182 Audio Montages clicking and dragging will move the click in any direction There are a number of modifier keys available also including (from left to right): the [Alt]/[Option] key the [Ctrl]/[Command] key the [Shift] key V arious combinations also exist: the [Alt]/[Option] key + the [Ctrl]/[Command] key the [Alt]/[Option] key + the [Shift] key[...]

Chapter 7 Batc h P rocessing This special W orkspace allows you to process any number of audio or audio mont age files with Master Section plug-ins and presets, offline effects, and other plug-ins that are unique to B atch Processing. Eac h file is processed and then s aved to a folder of your choice. Y ou can choose a different file format, re[...]

184 Batch Processing Run an external task - you can choose to run an external application after batch processing has completed using the "External T ool" tab. The external tool must be set up first via the Configure external tools dialog . Y ou can access this from T ools > Configure external tools . Define any options - choose any[...]

7.1 Specific tool windows 185 Understanding the signal path T o understand how the signal flow of your plug-in chain is processed you can look closely at the audio signal path display, which consists of a number of colored arrows in columns and rows. Eac h arrow represents how each plug-in processes any audio passed into it. Eac h vertical column[...]

186 Batch Processing It provides you with all the st andard browsing functions (such as List and Icon views)as well as additional controls to audition Audio Files and any marker defined regions.Y ou can use it to open or insert an entire file or a specific region of a file by dragging and releasing the file in the location you wish to insert t[...]

7.1 Specific tool windows 187 T o remove a plug-in: Right-click on the plug-in to use the pop-up menu "Remove" option, or drag it back onto the plugin window . Master Section presets These are Master Section presets (not to be confused with individual plugin presets, so it's always a chain, even if it's a chain with one member)[...]

188 Batch Processing Metapass Plug-ins Metapass plug-ins are unique to the Batch Processor and require several passes before processing the audio. After analyzing the audio, a metapass plug-in t akes into account all other plug-ins in the effects chain before processing the audio. The following Met apass plug-ins are available in the B atch Process[...]

7.1 Specific tool windows 189 7.1.2.3 Resizer This dialog is exclusive to the Batch Processor W orkspace and allows you to adjust the duration of an Audio File. Y ou can set a desired length of file and choose whether to insert silence after the end of the chosen duration. Y ou can access this dialog from the B atch Processor W orkspace via Plug-[...]

190 Batch Processing 2. The second inst ance of the plug-in comes after the plugin being "instructed". It simply cuts out the extra audio injected by the first inst ance of the Instructor plug-in. This means, for ex ample, that the Denoiser plug-in has time to sufficiently analyze the audio stream before the second stream st art is inje[...]

7.1 Specific tool windows 191 Pitch correction Batch Processing Plug-ins 7.1.2.8 Normalize Level This dialog allows you to change the peak level of your Audio File. Enter the desired peak level (in dB) that you wish the audio selection to have. Y ou can also use "Find current peak level" to obtain a report on the peak level of the curren[...]

192 Batch Processing this is a powerful tool to get the best possible stereo balance. This process uses two passes to first analyze the audio and then render any level changes required. Y ou must have a stereo selection in a stereo file to apply this process. Y ou can access this dialog from the Audio File W orkspace via Process > Pan Normaliz[...]

7.1 Specific tool windows 193 It can be useful to apply this plug-in first in a batch before other plug-ins to avoid further processing a file containing any DC Offset. For ex ample, an Audio File that has a D C offset will not be at its loudest possible volume when normalized, because the offset consumes headroom . Y ou can access this dialog f[...]

194 Batch Processing Y ou can choose between peak level or loudness (R M S) as a method of determing the "equal" level between all files in the batch. T his "equal" level is then used to apply a gain to each file in the batch. Y ou can access this dialog from the B atch Processor W orkspace via Plug-ins window > Metapass Pl[...]

7.2 Shared tool windows 195 Docking windows 7.2.1 Background task monitor This specific tool window allows you to view all background rendering processes that are in progress. Y ou can adjust the priority with which they are processed, pause or cancel them. It is useful if you have a number of lengthy processes underway and want to free up some pr[...]

196 Batch Processing Control Window Specific tool windows Scripting 7.3 Batc h P rocessing Plug-ins The Batch Processor W orkspace allows you to add a sequence of plug-ins that can be used to process a batch of Audio Files. Some of these plug-ins are st andard plug-ins available from the Master Section; others are offline processes available in t[...]

7.3 Batch Processing Plug-ins 197 Multipass Plug-ins Multipass plug-ins require two or more passes (an analysis pass followed by a process pass) before processing the audio. Some are unique to the B atch Processor while others are also found as Offline Processors in the Audio File W orkspace. The following Multipass plug-ins are available in the B[...]

198 Batch Processing 7.3.0.2 T rimmer This dialog is exclusive to the B atch Processor W orkspace and allows you to remove a spec- ified duration (from 0ms to 60s) of audio from the head and/or t ail of an Audio File. Y ou can access this dialog from the B atch Processor W orkspace via Plug-ins window > Monopass Plug-ins > T rimmer . For an [...]

7.3 Batch Processing Plug-ins 199 7.3.0.5 Instructor This dialog is exclusive to the B atch Processor W orkspace and is a special utility plug-in that allows you to "instruct" the next plug-in in the batc h with information about the audio it needs to process. T his is useful for situations where you want to use plug-ins that require an a[...]

200 Batch Processing 7.3.0.7 Pitch Correction This dialog is exclusive to the B atch Processor W orkspace and allows you to detect and change the pitch of a sound without affecting its length. For more information on the Pitc h Correction dialog parameters see Pitch correction . Y ou can access this dialog from Batch Processing W orkspace > Plug[...]

7.3 Batch Processing Plug-ins 201 For an explanation of eac h parameter and inter face feature, clic k on , or the 'What's this?' question mark icon. For more information see Getting Help Related topics Batch Processing Plug-ins 7.3.0.10 Pan Normalizer This dialog allows you to ensure that both channels of a stereo file have the sam[...]

202 Batch Processing Related topics Loudness DC Offset Loudness distribution 7.3.0.12 DC Remover This dialog is exclusive to the B atch Processor W orkspace and allows you to eliminate any DC Offset from an Audio File. It can be useful to apply this plug-in first in a batch before other plug-ins to avoid further processing a file containing any D[...]

7.3 Batch Processing Plug-ins 203 7.3.0.14 Meta-Normalizer This dialog is exclusive to the B atch Processor W orkspace and allows you to normalize a batch of files all to the s ame level. The core purpose of this plug-in is to achieve the same loudness in all files (the highest loudness found, if possible), while being certain that no file will [...]

204 Batch Processing W aveLab 7[...]

Chapter 8 P odcasts A bout Podcasts Once set up, you can produce high quality audio podcast episodes directly from W aveLab. Audio podcasts are ordered and commented sets of digital Audio Files, generally in the form of 'episodes' with a consistent theme or presenter . Episodes may be downloaded from the Internet, usually via an automated[...]

206 Podcasts Adding information to the Podcast The upper pane of the Podcast window shows various fields and settings that are related to the basic Feed or Episode, depending on what you have selected in the lower pane's item list (the fields are slightly different for the Feed and Episodes). Field labels in bold letters point at a field th[...]

8.1 FTP site 207 8.1 FTP site This dialog allows you to enter information for uploading your Podcast and all related files to an online FTP server . Y ou must specify all log-in det ails for your FTP site, the relative path to your podcast X M L file and the web site address where the link to your Podcast is found, including the path to the feed.[...]

208 Podcasts Uploading the Podcast Once you have specified the FTP site settings, uploading the Podcast is rather simple by using the functions in the Podcast window's Publish menu. Update all items on FTP This uploads/updates the X M L Podcast file on the FTP; it also uploads all items' media files, but only if they are not already pr[...]

8.4 Specific tool windows 209 Podcast Workspace specific tool windows The following specific tool windows are available within the Podcast W orkspace: Master Project File Browser 8.4.1 File Browser This dialog allows you to browse files directly from within W aveLab rather than using your operating system's file browser . It provides you [...]

210 Podcasts W aveLab 7[...]

Chapter 9 Control Window This is a special W orkspace that allows you to create your own control window layout. This window does not edit any files, but is used as a placeholder to organize cert ain tool windows (for ex ample a selection of meters). This is especially useful if you have multiple monitors: you can place the Control Window on your s[...]

212 Control Window Docking/Undocking windows The process for docking/undoc king windows in the Control W indow is slightly different to that in other W orkspaces. T o dock a window in the Control W indow: 1. Undock the window so it is floating as an independent window. 2. Choose a pane in which you want to place the window . This is done by clicki[...]

9.2 Shared tool windows 213 Related topics About T ool Windows Docking windows 9.2 Shared tool windows Shared tool windows are windows that can only exist in one place at a time and are shared between W orkspaces. They perform useful t asks in relationship to the active W orkspace. They can be docked and un-docked, and saved in your custom layouts.[...]

214 Control Window A horizontal line indicates that the left channel is the s ame as the right, but with an inverse phase. A random but roughly elliptical shape indicates a well balanced stereo signal. If the shape "leans" to the left, there is more energy in the left channel and vice versa (the extreme case of this is if one side is mute[...]

9.2 Shared tool windows 215 9.2.2 VU Meter The vu-meter is used to display the peak and average loudness/decibel level of your Audio File. It also displays the pan, or the balance between the left and right channels in a stereo file. The upper part of the level/pan meter window shows the peak level and average loudness, in the following way: The P[...]

216 Control Window Related topics Metering 9.2.3 Oscilloscope The Oscilloscope offers a highly magnified view of the waveform around the playback cursor position. If you are analyzing a stereo file, the Oscilloscope normally shows the separate levels of the two c hannels. However , if you activate the option "Show Sum and Subtraction" o[...]

9.2 Shared tool windows 217 The outer meters are "history" meters, showing how many bits were recently in use. Y ou can adjust the hold time in the Settings dialog. The "over" segment indicates clipping, similar to a clip indicator . If the "below" segment is lit, there are more than 24 bits. The bit meter will show th[...]

218 Control Window Related topics Metering Spectrometer 9.2.6 Spectrometer The Spectrometer uses FFT (Fast Fourier T ransform) techniques to display a continuous frequency graph, providing a very precise and det ailed real-time frequency analysis. The current frequency spectrum is shown as a linear graph. Spectrum "peaks" are shown as a s[...]

9.2 Shared tool windows 219 Selecting Spectrometer presets If you have assigned your settings to the Preset buttons in the Settings dialog, you can quickly switch between different level scales and display modes, by clicking one of the Preset icons [1]-[5], or selecting the desired preset from the Options pop-up menu. Exporting FFT data as ASCI I t[...]

220 Control Window 9.2.8 Timecode This shared tool window displays the current time of the playback head (or the cursor position if not playing back), in the timecode format currently selected in the Time Format dialog. The current time can be in a range of standard SM PTE formats, C D or DVD specific formats, or a custom one - see Time Format dia[...]

9.3 Metering 221 Control Window Rendering 9.2.10 Log window This shared tool window allows you to view log mess ages that have been issued by W aveLab. W hen using W aveLab's scripting language for ex ample, the logWindo w( ) function outputs messages to this window . There are a number of toggle buttons and these allow you to filter the type[...]

222 Control Window Monitor File Rendering - the meters display what is being written to disk during file rendering, t aking into account Master Section settings, with average, minimum and maximum peak values computed. After rendering, the meter(s) freeze, and remain frozen until you refresh or change the monitor mode. Monitor Edit cursor position [...]

9.3 Metering 223 9.3.1 VU Meter The vu-meter is used to display the peak and average loudness/decibel level of your Audio File. It also displays the pan, or the balance between the left and right channels in a stereo file. The upper part of the level/pan meter window shows the peak level and average loudness, in the following way: The Peak Level m[...]

224 Control Window Related topics Metering 9.3.2 Spectroscope The Spectroscope shows a continuous graphical represent ation of the frequency spectrum, analyzed into 60 separate frequency bands, represented as vertical bars. Peak levels are shown as a short horizontal lines above the corresponding band, indicating recent peak/- maximum values. The S[...]

9.3 Metering 225 9.3.4 Bit Meter The Bit Meter shows the resolution or the number of bits used in the digit al audio being monitored. Normally the maximum number of bits in an Audio File is the same as the resolution of the Audio File (e.g. a 16 bit Audio File shows that up to 16 bits are used), but sometimes this is not the case. As soon as you pe[...]

226 Control Window T o adjust the Bit Meter settings, select "Settings..." from the Options pop-up menu or by using the icon. The Bit meter can be found in the Meters menu of the Audio Files and Audio Mont age W orkspaces. It can be used either as a floating window , or docked in the W orkspace or the Control Window . Related topics Mete[...]

9.3 Metering 227 Similarly , -1 indicates that the two channels are the s ame, but one is inverted. Generally , for a "good" mix, the meter should show a value between 0 and +1. Unlike the main Phasescope, the Phase Correlation meter is also available in "Analyze audio selection" mode, showing an average value for the selected r[...]

228 Control Window Making settings Y ou can adjust the behavior and display of the meters as desired, and assign up to five sets of Spectrometer settings to the Preset buttons, for instant access. Open the Settings dialog by selecting "Settings" from the Functions menu or clic king the "tool" icon. Note that you can apply your [...]

9.3 Metering 229 various color options for the bac kground, grid and waveform display , as well as setting the waveform rendering speed and vertical zoom. If "Clear waveform when reaching right of pane" is chec ked the waveform display is cleared each time the cursor reaches the right end of the display . If unchec ked, the previous wavef[...]

230 Control Window W aveLab 7[...]

Chapter 10 Master Section The Master section cont ains W aveLab's "Real Time Engine" and is the final element in the signal path, before your audio material is passed on to the audio hardware, or before it is rendered to disk as an Audio File. The Master section is where you can set the master volume level and add effects processors[...]

232 Master Section Reset all - removes all the active effects from the Effects slots and sets the master output to 0dB. Settings menu - provides access to various options. Rendering functions - brings up the Render W ave window . This allows you to process the Audio File or Audio Montage with the effects you have selected and create a temporary or [...]

10.2 Render Montage window 233 It applies all active plug-ins to the selected audio region or the whole file, and you can op- tionally c hange the format of the rendered file. This process is sometimes also referred to as "mixing" or "bouncing down". Y ou can select options for which regions of the session are rendered, whethe[...]

234 Master Section Y ou can specify where W aveLab should search for your VS T plug-ins and which ones it should ignore. It also allows you to choose how your VS T plug-in knobs respond to mouse interactions and how frequently they are updated visually . If you use your own file structure to organize and store VST Plug-ins, this dialog allows you [...]

Chapter 11 Interface Elements This section contains links to all of the various types of windows and dialogs within W aveLab. Related topics Dialogs Shared tool windows Specific tool windows 11.1 Dialogs There are many dialog windows within W aveLab that allow you to access all its features and processing power. Y ou can get help on a particular d[...]

236 Interface Elements Batch Conversion Basic Audio C D Settings Batch Renaming CD T ext Editor CD-T ext Browser CD W izard Copy audio information Customize Commands Data C D/ DVD DVD-Audio options DVD-Audio Creation Document list dialog Ducking options Effect morphing Edit playback times Error detection and correction Configure external tools Fol[...]

11.1 Dialogs 237 Audio Mont age Preferences M P2 encoding M P3 attributes M P3 encoding Normalize Level OG G encoding Open files list Pan Normalizer Mix dialog Pitch bend Pitch correction Pitch quantize Playback speed Podcast options T ext format Repeat Clip Recently used files Recording Dialog Record create marker Rename File dialog Render ASI O[...]

238 Interface Elements Silence Generator Smart bypass Special File Format Spectrogram options Surround Panner Create Document T emplate T emplate List Dialog Time Format dialog Time stretching T rack dispatching V alue Format File attributes Audio File editing preferences W rite Audio C D WMA encoding W orkspace layout W rite Dat a C D/ DVD Loop T [...]

11.1 Dialogs 239 11.1.2 Align Clips This dialog allows you to align Clips along the focused track at specific intervals, with or without a space between them. Y ou must select at least two Clips to use this function. Y ou can access this dialog in the Audio Mont age W orkspace's Clip window via Functions > Align selected clips of focused t[...]

240 Interface Elements 11.1.5 Audio file comparer This analysis tool allows you to compare two Audio Files for differences between them. It can create a "delt a file" that cont ains these differences. It can also drop markers at positions where differences are found. This can be useful for: Judging the effect of using an equalizer by co[...]

11.1 Dialogs 241 Changing the values in this dialog will not process the audio in your mont age in any way. However if you change the sample rate, the file will play back at the wrong pitch. Y ou can access this dialog from the Audio Mont age W orkspace by choosing Edit > Audio Montage properties... . It is also displayed when you create a new [...]

242 Interface Elements For an explanation of eac h parameter and inter face feature, clic k on , or the 'What's this?' question mark icon. For more information see Getting Help Related topics 11.1.10 Audio Range This dialog allows you to define accurately a specific audio range. This audio range is then used to create a selection. [...]

11.1 Dialogs 243 Windows M M E / Built-In Audio If you do not have a third-party audio card you can select the Windows M M E or Built-in Audio (Mac) options. Y ou can also use M M E with most third party audio cards, with the advant age that you can record and play at different s ample rates. However, Windows M M E drivers don't allow Audio Mo[...]

244 Interface Elements Related topics Split Clip at silences 11.1.13 Batch Conversion This dialog allows you to convert the file format of a group of Audio Files. This could be useful for ex ample, if you have a large number of Audio Files that you wish to encode as M P3 files, or a group of stereo files that you need to downs ample and convert [...]

11.1 Dialogs 245 11.1.15 Batch Renaming This dialog appears in various locations in W aveLab and allows you to rename a batch of files, Clips or markers. The B atch Renaming dialog offers a powerful set of facilities to convert, remove, format, replace and insert text into existing names. Y ou can use simple options to match text, or you can build[...]

246 Interface Elements In W aveLab you can add information about the disk itself and each individual track. This information is entered in a series of text fields that scroll together horizont ally . There is one pane of fields for the disk itself and a pane for eac h trac k. Y ou can scroll between these with a slider bar . Buttons allow you to [...]

11.1 Dialogs 247 CD Authoring C Ds and DVDs W rite Audio C D IS R C 11.1.19 Copy audio information This dialog allows you to copy information about the name and location of the selected Audio File, including any selection information and cursor position. The information is copied to the clipboard and can be pasted into an external text application.[...]

248 Interface Elements the Macintosh only , if a shortcut is made up of two or more keystrokes, the main menu only displays the first keystroke (this is a Mac O S X limit ation). T o reset some or all types of shortcuts to their factory defaults use the "Reset" button. T o generate a reference of your customized shortcuts, use the "[...]

11.1 Dialogs 249 Removing files T o remove files from the file structure: select the files/folders you wish to remove and clic k on the red cross icon. T o remove a group of files, hold down [Shift] while selecting the files/folders to remove. Please note that this does not delete the files from the computer , only a reference to them. to re[...]

250 Interface Elements 11.1.22 DVD-Audio options This dialog allows you to choose settings for creating a DVD-Audio disk. Y ou can enter disk identification and volume information, c hoose the TV format (P AL or NTS C), provide still picture tracks and adjust various options. Y ou can access this dialog in the Audio Mont age W orkspace via W orksp[...]

11.1 Dialogs 251 Podcasts 11.1.25 Ducking options This dialog allows you to c hoose options when using W aveLab's ducking feature. The duck- ing function allows you to use a Clip's volume envelope to modulate the volume envelope of an adjacent channel's Clip. T he most obvious application of this feature is when mixing background mus[...]

252 Interface Elements 5. Choose "Unprocessed selection" for this ex ample. As mentioned previously you can also use any audio of the s ame duration from the clipboard. 6. Click Apply to apply the Effect morphing. Y ou can access this dialog in the Audio File W orkspace via Edit > Effect morphing... . For an explanation of eac h parame[...]

11.1 Dialogs 253 Strategies to detect and correct errors There are several strategies that you can employ when detecting and correcting errors: Define an audio selection where you have identified an error, then clic k "Correct", or "Mark for subsequent correction". Use the function "Detect next error" to let W aveLab[...]

254 Interface Elements 11.1.30 Folder Preferences dialog This dialog allows you to set the folders where you prefer to s ave and open files, as well as options about how to automatically update them, or not, while using W aveLab. Select a folder category from the list and then either type in the path to the directory or browse to select the folder[...]

11.1 Dialogs 255 Y ou can access this dialog via Publish > FTP Site... in the Podcast W orkspace. For an explanation of eac h parameter and inter face feature, clic k on , or the 'What's this?' question mark icon. For more information see Getting Help Related topics Podcasts 11.1.33 Change Level This dialog allows you to apply a g[...]

256 Interface Elements Ogg V orbis files 11.1.35 Global analysis This dialog allows you to perform advanced analysis on your audio to identify areas with spec- ified properties. It can be used to find problem areas such as glitches or clipped s amples, or just to chec k general information such as the pitch of a sound. How it works When you anal[...]

11.1 Dialogs 257 11.1.36 Import Audio CD This dialog allows you to import one or more tracks from an audio C D. Once you have identified the source C D, you can select the track or tracks to import. Y ou must specify a folder location and file format before the file or files can be s aved to disk. Actions tab Specify the optical disk drive from[...]

258 Interface Elements 11.1.38 Level envelope This dialog allows you to create a volume envelope which can be applied to a selected range or a whole Audio File. This could be useful if you need to even-out loud and quiet parts, for example. Y ou can edit the envelope by: Double clicking on the line to add a point: double click on a point to remove [...]

11.1 Dialogs 259 If you have used the Loop T one Uniformizer within a region of an Audio File, the transition from the end of the loop into the original file in many cases won't be very natural. This can be fixed as follows: 1. Close the Loop T one Uniformizer and open the Loop T weaker . 2. Click on the Cross fade tab and deactivate the Cro[...]

260 Interface Elements Related topics Loudness 11.1.41 Loudness normalizer This dialog allows you to adjust the loudness of a file. Because it relates to loudness as opposed to maximum peak level, this tool works quite differently from the Level Normalizer . A typical application is to specify a loudness, for ex ample -12dB, and the Loudness Norma[...]

11.1 Dialogs 261 Formats - this t ab allows you to adjust settings for some of the audio formats and units that W aveLab uses. CD Burning - this t ab allows you to set a number of parameters for C D burning. Options - this t ab allows you to control application-wide st art-up options and transport settings. Y ou can also reset default answers. This[...]

262 Interface Elements This can be useful if you wish to keep some/all of the current plug-ins and level settings you have in the Master Section when you load another preset. For example, you may wish to maintain the current master level and dithering settings but replace the effects chain that you have set up with one you commonly use from another[...]

11.1 Dialogs 263 Related topics 11.1.47 Write Audio CD This dialog allows you to define some options when creating a new audio montage from an Audio File that is open in the Audio File W orkspace. Y ou can choose whether to use a selection or the whole Audio File to create a new Mont age file, and how to interpret any markers that are present. Y [...]

264 Interface Elements Using the two tabs you can define settings for both the active audio mont age and for all audio montages. Y ou can adjust default settings for how W aveLab works with audio Clips and effects plug-ins in an audio mont age, as well as to define backup and display options. Y ou can access this dialog from the Audio Montage W o[...]

11.1 Dialogs 265 Y ou can access this dialog by choosing Save as... > Output Format (select type M PE G- 1 Layer 3) > Encoding > Edit... , and from most places where you can select an output file format, such as the Render dialog. For an explanation of eac h parameter and inter face feature, clic k on , or the 'What's this?&apos[...]

266 Interface Elements Related topics Ogg V orbis files 11.1.55 Open files list This dialog allows you to view a list of all currently open files and documents in W aveLab. Documents from all the different W orkspaces are displayed and can be open, closed, re- named, s aved and in the case of Audio Files, auditioned. The list can also be filter[...]

11.1 Dialogs 267 Y ou can access this dialog from the Audio File W orkspace via Edit > Paste special > Mix... . For an explanation of eac h parameter and inter face feature, clic k on , or the 'What's this?' question mark icon. For more information see Getting Help Related topics 11.1.58 Pitch bend This dialog allows you to cha[...]

268 Interface Elements Pitch correction is also available as a batch processing plug-in in the B atch Processor W orkspace. In addition, Pitch correction for a Clip is available from the F ocused Clip window (via Edit > Pitch shift... ). Note that for B atch processing and Clip processes, the envelope option is not available. For an explanation [...]

11.1 Dialogs 269 A common application is to speed up the listening time of an interview or conference speech. Y ou can increase playback speed to quickly locate specific positions in the audio Y ou can decrease the playback speed in order to practice a tricky recording t ake. By optionally defining presets you can easily switch between your favor[...]

270 Interface Elements Related topics 11.1.64 Repeat Clip This dialog allows you to make a number of copies of a Clip and lay them out at various intervals on the current track of your audio montage. Y ou can specify the number of clones to produce, and control their placement, alignment and spacing. Y ou can access this dialog in the Audio Mont ag[...]

11.1 Dialogs 271 Click the down arrow to select a preset audio format, or click the audio format text to display the Audio File Format dialog , and set up the format for your recorded audio. Here, you can create new Audio File Format presets, if required, for later use. Choose from Level or Spectrum display . If you choose Level, click the Settings[...]

272 Interface Elements Related topics Recording Dialog 11.1.68 Rename File dialog This dialog allows you to rename a file, and/or optionally change the folder where it is stored. The file suffix may be selected from the drop-down list. All open documents that have a reference to the file are updated. Associated peak and marker files are also u[...]

11.1 Dialogs 273 11.1.70 Render Montage window This dialog allows you to process the mont age session you are working on, mixing down multiple tracks into a mono or stereo file and applying any active plug-in effects you have active. This process is sometimes also referred to as mixing or bouncing down. Y ou can select options for which regions of[...]

274 Interface Elements 11.1.72 Loudness envelope options This dialog allows you to adjust how the Loudness envelope waveform is displayed. Y ou can adjust the granularity of the analysis, or if the loudness analysis is based on small or longer segment. Y ou can also see the loudness of specified frequency regions (by using the low/band/high pass ?[...]

11.1 Dialogs 275 In W aveLab you can also access this dialog from the Control Window via File > Save all documents in all windows For an explanation of eac h parameter and inter face feature, clic k on , or the 'What's this?' question mark icon. For more information see Getting Help Related topics 11.1.75 Save Audio File dialog Th[...]

276 Interface Elements 11.1.77 Save Batch P rocessor This dialog allows you to s ave a copy of the batch processor file that you currently have open. Y ou can specify a new file name and location. Optionally you can choose to s ave the list of files in the batch process, along with st atus of each file. The default location depends on what path[...]

11.1 Dialogs 277 11.1.80 Save picture of active window This dialog allows you to save a picture of the active W aveLab window. Y ou can s ave the picture with or without the enclosing window frame and the resulting picture can be copied to the clipboard or saved to a file. If the second option is selected, you can specify where the picture is save[...]

278 Interface Elements For a general description of scripting, see Scripting . For an overview of the scripting lan- guage, see E C MAScript Reference . Y ou can access this dialog from the Audio File W orkspace via W orkspace > Specific tool windows > Script . Note: T o view trace or log mess ages when executing scripts that contain the log[...]

11.1 Dialogs 279 almost any function within W aveLab. Select a M I D I device via Preferences... > Options tab , activate "Use M I D I shortcuts" and specify a M I DI input port so that M I DI events are sent rather than keyboard events. Y ou can access this dialog from the Customize commands window by selecting a command and choosing [...]

280 Interface Elements 11.1.85 Silence Generator This dialog allows you to generate "silence", either by replacing an audio selection, or by specifying a duration. Y ou can also specify a cross fade at each end of the silent region, for a smoother transition. Radio buttons determine where the silent period is placed in the audio. In W ave[...]

11.1 Dialogs 281 format, byte order, sample rate, file extension and whether or not the file cont ains mono or stereo channels. Y ou can also choose to ignore the file's header (st art) or end of file dat a. Once you have specified a format for a particular type of file, W aveLab remembers the new format for the next time. This function [...]

282 Interface Elements Each track can have its own Surround Pan window and you can have several of these open at the s ame time if you need to. T o pan the sound, click the blue square and drag it to the desired position. This pans the audio of the left/top channel – the other channel is automatically mirrored horizont ally . If you right-click i[...]

11.1 Dialogs 283 Y ou can access this dialog from the Audio Montage, Podcast or Batch processor W orkspace via File > Save special > Save as template... . For an explanation of eac h parameter and inter face feature, clic k on , or the 'What's this?' question mark icon. For more information see Getting Help Related topics T emp[...]

284 Interface Elements Y ou can access this dialog in the Audio File W orkspace via View > Main view display > Time Ruler > Time format... . Alternatively , you can access it by right clicking anywhere on the time ruler in either waveform window to produce the Time Ruler context menu, and choosing Time format... . For an explanation of eac[...]

11.1 Dialogs 285 For inst ance, in the case of surround output, there can be six destinations for a track channel. T rack allocation is dependent on the mode and how many c hannels you have selected when defining your Audio Mont age settings . T his in turn defines how many outputs are available from this dialog. F or playback, your soundcard mus[...]

286 Interface Elements - Uses the current date and time to fill in the Origination Date/Time field. - Uses W aveLab as the name of the originator software. Y ou can access this dialog in the Audio File W orkspace via Edit > File Attributes... . For an explanation of eac h parameter and inter face feature, clic k on , or the 'What's t[...]

11.1 Dialogs 287 For an explanation of eac h parameter and inter face feature, clic k on , or the 'What's this?' question mark icon. For more information see Getting Help Related topics DD P files Authoring C Ds and DVDs 11.1.99 WMA encoding This dialog allows you to specify the encoding options when you s ave a WMA Audio File. Y ou[...]

288 Interface Elements If you c hoose to burn an I S O disk image the dialog allows you to select a filename for the resultant I S O file. Choosing a C D-R or DVD-R drive displays choices for setting the speed or to try a test burn. Important note for Mac OSX users W hen using CD-R / DVD-R drive on Apple O S X computers for importing or burning i[...]

11.2 Shared tool windows 289 drag points or value sliders to adjust the cross fade envelope. Clic k Apply to process the cross fade. Post cross fade This t ab allows you to cross fade the loop back into the audio after the end of the loop. This is done by mixing a copy of the loop back into the audio. Use the envelope drag points or value sliders t[...]

290 Interface Elements They can be docked and un-docked, and saved in your custom layouts. Shared tool windows: Phasescope VU Meter Oscilloscope Bit Meter Spectroscope Spectrometer W avescope Timecode Background t ask monitor Log window Master Section Related topics About T ool Windows Metering Docking windows 11.2.1 Phasescope The Phasescope indic[...]

11.2 Shared tool windows 291 Generally , the more you can see a "thread" shape, the more bass there is in the signal; the more "spray-like" the display , the more high frequencies are in the signal. Phase Correlation meter At the bottom of the display , you will find a Phase Correlation meter , which shows the s ame information[...]

292 Interface Elements The VU (V olume Unit) meters measure the average loudness (R M S) of each channel. These meters have a built-in inertia, evening out loudness variations over a user-defined time span. If you are monitoring playback or audio input, you will also note two vertical lines following each VU meter bar, seemingly "trying to re[...]

11.2 Shared tool windows 293 Making settings By opening the Settings dialog you can adjust the display colors, and choose to activate Auto-zoom or not. W ith Auto-zoom activated, the display is optimized so that the highest level reaches the top of the display at all times. The Settings dialog can be accessed through the Functions > Settings... [...]

294 Interface Elements When to use the Bit Meter T o check whether dithering is necess ary or not. As a rule, if you're playing back or mixing down to 16 bits, and the Bit Meter shows that more than 16 bits are used, you should apply dithering. T o see the "actual" resolution of an Audio File. For ex ample, even though a file is in [...]

11.2 Shared tool windows 295 The current frequency spectrum is shown as a linear graph. Spectrum "peaks" are shown as a short horizont al lines, indicating recent peak/maxi- mum values. Snapshots By using the "Add snapshot" and "Erase last snapshot" buttons, you can t ake and erase snapshots of the current spectrum. Th[...]

296 Interface Elements "Export F FT dat a as ASC I I" from the Options pop-up menu. T he resulting text file can then be imported into applications that allow graph plotting from text files (Microsoft Excel, for example). The Spectrometer can be found in the Meters menu of the Audio Files and Audio Mont age W orkspaces. It can be used e[...]

11.2 Shared tool windows 297 Y ou can access this window by choosing W orkspace > Shared tool windows > Time- code . It is available in the Control W indow , Audio File W orkspace and Audio Mont age W orkspace. For an explanation of eac h parameter and inter face feature, clic k on , or the 'What's this?' question mark icon. Fo[...]

298 Interface Elements Note: W hen using the logW indow( ) method you need to have the "Show informal notes" button selected for the mess ages to be visible. If no log mess ages are displayed, make sure all the toggle buttons are selected - . Y ou can access this window via Workspace > Shared tool windows > Log . It is available in [...]

11.3 Specific tool windows 299 Zoom CD Clips Notes Effects DVD-Audio Scripting window (Audio Mont age W orkspace) History Navigator Groups Master Project Podcast Workspace tool windows: Master Project File Browser Batch Processor W orkspace tool windows: Master Project File Browser Batch Processing Plug-ins Control Window tool windows: Master Proj[...]

300 Interface Elements The playback functions Play file Once you have selected a file in the File Browser list, you can audition it by clicking Play in the File Browser's toolbar. Click again to stop. Auto-play Y ou can also have files play back automatically as soon as they are selected. T o do this, activate Auto-Play mode. Tip: T o audit[...]

11.3 Specific tool windows 301 domain and in a specific frequency domain, as opposed to st andard wave editing which always operates in the full frequency domain. Notes on spectrum selections: W hen defining a region in a stereo file, a "mirrored" region is automatically created in the other channel. T o define a region in only one c[...]

302 Interface Elements Using the Spectrum editor Y ou can use the Spectrum editor in two main operational modes: Region copying and filtering (Operations tab) This is mainly intended for audio restoration applied over brief time ranges. Selections can be copied, pasted, and filtered. T his type of processing is mainly used to reduce, remove or re[...]

11.3 Specific tool windows 303 This is used to attenuate the level of a region. The Gain parameter specifies the level of the attenuation (it is also possible to set positive gain values, i.e. to boost the frequencies in the region). Three filter types are available to perform the damping: Bandpass filter: All frequencies in the region are equa[...]

304 Interface Elements The Spectrum display Spectrogram options Spectrum editor 11.3.3 Basic Audio CD This specific tool window allows you to burn basic "Red B ook compatible" audio C Ds. Y ou create your audio C D by adding Audio Files to create a list of tracks. Each track cont ains a reference to the external Audio File. This means th[...]

11.3 Specific tool windows 305 Edit a track's start pause time - for all tracks except the first one you can adjust the pause duration before the track begins playing. If the pause chec kbox is not visible click on the track expand arrow to reveal the track's markers and pause time setting. Double click in the cell to edit the value. Ad[...]

306 Interface Elements 11.3.4 Scripting window (Audio File W orkspace) This window allows you to write and execute scripts in the Audio File W orkspace. The inbuilt text editor helps you when writing scripts by highlighting the different parts of the script with colors, making it more readable. A script can also be written in another text editor , [...]

11.3 Specific tool windows 307 From the Functions menu you can also access useful functions to convert marker types , rename multiple markers and export the marker list as text . The Marker list The marker window cont ains a list of any markers placed in the currently active file along with their corresponding details. Clic k on a column header t[...]

308 Interface Elements Marker types Convert marker type T ext format 11.3.7 Sample attributes This dialog allows you to define settings for an audio sample before loading it into a hardware or software s ampler . The settings do not process the s ample in any way , they just give the file properties that the receiving s ampler can use. This inclu[...]

11.3 Specific tool windows 309 selection. Y ou can also automatically detect and correct all marked errors in the search region. Strategies to detect and correct errors There are several strategies that you can employ when detecting and correcting errors: Define an audio selection where you have identified an error, then clic k "Correct&quo[...]

310 Interface Elements Y ou can access this Specific tool window from any W orkspace via W orkspace > Specific tool windows > Master Project . For an explanation of eac h parameter and inter face feature, clic k on , or the 'What's this?' question mark icon. For more information see Getting Help Related topics Dragging operat[...]

11.3 Specific tool windows 311 The F ocused Clip window can be doc ked or floated. Y ou can reveal or hide the focused Clip window in the Audio Montage W orkspace via W orkspace > Specific tool windows > Focused clip . For an explanation of eac h parameter and inter face feature, clic k on , or the 'What's this?' question ma[...]

312 Interface Elements select Clips that are referenced by a specific file open a file in the Audio File W orkspace, and view the file in your computer's file browser. This window is a useful tool to use when constructing and editing your mont age. Y ou can access this dialog in the Audio Mont age W orkspace by choosing W orkspace > Sp[...]

11.3 Specific tool windows 313 Adding tracks T o create an audio C D in W aveLab you must at least have a C D st art and end marker pair . Y ou can generate these automatically from audio Clips in the mont age using the C D W izard or by adding track markers manually .For more information on creating a CD or DVD-A see Authoring C Ds and DVDs . The[...]

314 Interface Elements Note that C D tracks can be reorderd by dragging them into new positons: this means Clips and markers are moved accordingly . For an explanation of eac h parameter and inter face feature, clic k on , or the 'What's this?' question mark icon. For more information see Getting Help Related topics Specific tool wi[...]

11.3 Specific tool windows 315 A wide range of Clip selection features, Clip functions, and Clip display options are available from the Clips menu. Use "What's This?" help for information on individual menu entries. Y ou can access this window in the Audio Mont age W orkspace via W orkspace > Specific tool windows > Clips . F[...]

316 Interface Elements Y ou can access this dialog in the Audio Mont age W orkspace via W orkspace > Specific tool windows > Effects . For an explanation of eac h parameter and inter face feature, clic k on , or the 'What's this?' question mark icon. For more information see Getting Help Related topics Audio Mont ages 11.3.18 [...]

11.3 Specific tool windows 317 Note that W aveLab automatically creates some basic DVD menus to access the audio tracks from the DVD-Player . For more information on authoring DVD-Audio disk see Authoring C Ds and DVDs . Y ou can access this dialog in the Audio Mont age W orkspace via W orkspace > Specific tool windows > DVD-Audio . For an [...]

318 Interface Elements return to any st ate. Use the history menu options ( Edit > History > ) to undo all operations, redo all operations, or clear the history . There are a couple of history options available in the Audio Mont age preferences window. Y ou can choose to empty the history each time you s ave a mont age file and also to group[...]

11.3 Specific tool windows 319 a number of Clips and nest Groups inside eac h other. It is also possible to dis able individual Groups and color Groups so you can identify them easily. Grouping Clips T o create a Group from a number of Clips: 1. Select the Clips you want to group. 2. Make sure you have the Groups window displayed. 3. Select "[...]

320 Interface Elements Double-click to rename a Group Y ou can nest a Group inside another Group by dragging it The Render option is available to render all Groups as individual files (Render dialog) Y ou can access this window in the Audio Mont age W orkspace via W orkspace > Specific tool windows > Groups . For an explanation of eac h par[...]

Chapter 12 A udio Plug-ins Steinberg created V irtual Studio T echnology (VS T) to allow effect plug-ins to be integrated with audio editors (such as W aveLab). VS T uses Digital Signal Processing (DS P) to closely simulate in software the effects of familiar recording studio hardware. A vast number of plug- ins are available - from freeware to hig[...]

322 Audio Plug-ins Sonnox DeBuzzer Steinberg VST -3 plug-ins Steinberg Autopan Steinberg Chorus Steinberg Compressor Steinberg DeEsser Steinberg Mono Delay Steinberg Distortion Steinberg Dual Filter Steinberg Envelope Shaper Steinberg Expander Steinberg Gate Steinberg G E Q-10/G EQ-30 Steinberg Limiter Steinberg Maximizer Steinberg Mix 6 to 2 Stein[...]

12.1 Audio Input 323 Leveler Leveler Multi Peak Master Silence Stereo Expander Dithering plug-ins Internal Dithering 12.1 A udio Input The Audio Input is a special Master Section plug-in that allows you to render a signal coming in to a sound card's input(s) together with any Master Section effects. T his signal can be anything your sound card[...]

324 Audio Plug-ins Press Play on the transport. Normal wave playback does not happen (the cursor does not move), but the Play button is lit and you can now monitor the input source. Pressing Stop ends input monitoring. If you change the settings in the control panel, press Stop and rest art playback to apply them. Note that if you are using any non[...]

12.2 Using External effects 325 From the External gear plug-in t ab, select the channels to be used for device output (to gear) and for device input (from gear). These should normally be different I /O channels than the ones you use for playback/recording. The number of available outputs in this plug-in equals the number of inputs (up to 8). Press [...]

326 Audio Plug-ins 12.3 Sonno x DeClic ker Sonnox DeClicker is one of three plug-ins that form the Sonnox Restoration T oolkit. The tools are not just for restoring old material, but also for removing the clicks, pops, buzzes and background noise that can sometimes accidentally occur in new recordings. A note on T ouch Pad controls Several controls[...]

12.3 Sonnox DeClick er 327 Input Level Meter The Input Meter is designed to give ex actly 1dB per LE D for the top 18dB of dynamic range, and 2dB per LE D thereafter . This gives a clear and intuitive impression of the working headroom. Input Gain T rim T ouch Pad (dB) This allows you to adjust the input signal level by up to ±12dB. Sensitivity Fa[...]

328 Audio Plug-ins Related topics Sonnox DeBuzzer Sonnox DeNoiser Audio Plug-ins Master Section How do I add effects? Presets 12.4 Sonno x DeNoiser Sonnox DeNoiser is one of three plug-ins that form the Sonnox Restoration T oolkit. The tools are not just for restoring old material, but also for removing the clicks, pops, buzzes and background noise[...]

12.4 Sonnox DeNoiser 329 the default action is Circular mode, but if the Alt key is held, the action is Linear mode. Additionally , for all controls (including faders and knobs, not just T ouch Pads) Control + Left-Click (W indows), Cmd + Click (Mac): Set to default DeNoiser screen controls Sonnox Menu Options Button Clicking this button brings dow[...]

330 Audio Plug-ins Freeze Button This button enables Freeze mode for the noise detection circuit. In this mode the noise fingerprint is calculated once (when the Freeze button is pressed). This mode is useful for material with a const ant noise component, and would typically be s ampled when the signal is absent and only the noise component is pre[...]

12.5 Sonnox DeBuzzer 331 4. Adjust the Attenuation to find the most pleasing audio; too much attenuation can impair the audio, either by reducing brightness or by introducing low-level distortion. Tip: Y ou might be working with bandwidth-limited material, possibly as a result of s amplerate conversion or lossy compression (for ex ample limited at[...]

332 Audio Plug-ins Right-Click and drag up/down: Fine adjustment of value Double Click: Directly edit value Shift + Left-Click and drag up/down: Fine adjustment of value Control + Left-Click (W indows), Cmd + Click (Mac): Set to default For circular controls: the default action is Circular mode, but if the Alt key is held, the action is Linear mode[...]

12.5 Sonnox DeBuzzer 333 T one On Button This button enables an audible tone generator , which can be used to aid location of the buzz fundament al. W hile the T one button is on, a touch pad appears above the button and becomes a T one level control. It defaults to -18dB, and has a range of -6dB to -96dB. Sensitivity Knob and T ouch Pad (%) This c[...]

334 Audio Plug-ins Output Level Meter (dB) The output meter is designed to give exactly 1dB per LE D for the top 18dB of dynamic range, and 2dB per LE D thereafter. T here is a peak-hold feature that holds the highest peak, helping to give a better impression of the working dynamic range. Output Gain T rim T ouch Pad (dB) This allows you to reduce [...]

12.6 Steinberg Autopan 335 12.6 Steinberg A utopan This is a simple autopan effect. It can use different waveforms to modulate the left-right stereo position (pan), using manual modulation speed settings. The parameters are as follows: Rate Sets the auto-pan speed from 0.1 to 10, by rot ating the knob by dragging, or using the mouse wheel. Width Th[...]

336 Audio Plug-ins This is a single stage chorus effect. It works by doubling whatever is sent into it with a slightly detuned version. The parameters are as follows: Rate The sweep rate can be set freely with the Rate knob, without sync to tempo. Width Determines the extent of the chorus effect. Higher settings produce a more pronounced effect. Sp[...]

12.8 Steinberg Compressor 337 12.8 Steinberg Compressor Compressor reduces the dynamic range of the audio, making softer sounds louder or louder sounds softer, or both. Compressor features separate controls for threshold, ratio, att ack, hold, release and make- up gain parameters. Compressor features a separate display that graphically illustrates [...]

338 Audio Plug-ins Hold (0 to 5000ms) Sets the time the applied compression will affect the signal after exceeding the thresh- old. Short hold times are useful for "DJ-style" ducking, while longer hold times are required for music ducking, e.g. when working on a document ary film. Release (10 to 1000ms or Auto mode) Sets the amount of ti[...]

12.9 Steinberg DeEsser 339 by the "s" sound, hence the name de-esser . Close proximity microphone placement and equalizing can lead to situations where the overall sound is just right, but there is a problem with sibilant (hissing) sounds. The following parameters are available: Reduction Controls the intensity of the de-essing effect. Th[...]

340 Audio Plug-ins 12.10 Steinberg Mono Delay This is a mono delay effect using freely specified delay time settings. The following parameters are available: Delay Sets the base note value for the delay from 0.1 to 5000 milliseconds. Feedbac k Sets the number of repeats for the delay . Filter Lo This filter affects the feedback loop of the effect[...]

12.11 Steinberg Distortion 341 12.11 Steinberg Distortion Distortion will add crunch to your tracks. The following parameters are available: Boost Increases the distortion amount. Feedbac k Feeds part of the output signal back to the effect input, increasing the distortion effect. T one Lets you select a frequency range to which to apply the distor[...]

342 Audio Plug-ins 12.12 Steinberg Dual Filter The DualFilter effect filters out certain frequencies while allowing others to pass through. The following parameters are available: Position Sets the filter cutoff frequency . If you set this to a negative value, DualFilter will act as a low-pass filter . Positive values cause DualFilter to act as [...]

12.13 Steinberg Envelope Shaper 343 12.13 Steinberg Envelope Shaper EnvelopeShaper can be used to cut or boost the gain of the Att ack and Release phase of audio material. Y ou can either use the knobs or drag the breakpoints in the graphical display to c hange parameter values. Be careful with levels when boosting the gain and if needed reduce the[...]

344 Audio Plug-ins 12.14 Steinberg Expander Expander reduces the output level in relation to the input level for signals below the set threshold. T his is useful when you want to enhance the dynamic range or reduce the noise in quiet pass ages. Y ou can either use the knobs or drag the breakpoints in the graphical display to change the Threshold an[...]

12.15 Steinberg Gate 345 mode operates more on peak levels. As a general guideline, R MS mode works better on material with few transients such as vocals, and P eak mode better for percussive material, with a lot of transient peaks. Related topics Audio Plug-ins Master Section How do I add effects? Presets 12.15 Steinberg Gate Gating, or noise gati[...]

346 Audio Plug-ins Center (50Hz to 20000Hz) W hen the Side-Chain button is activated, this sets the center frequency of the filter . Q-Factor (0.01 to 10000) W hen the Side-Chain button is activated, this sets the resonance of the filter . Monitor button Allows you to monitor the filtered signal. Attac k (0.1 to 1000ms) Sets the time it t akes f[...]

12.16 Steinberg G E Q-10/G E Q-30 347 12.16 Steinberg G E Q-10/G E Q-30 (G E Q-10 pictured) These two graphic equalizers are identical in every respect except for the number of available frequency bands (10 and 30 respectively). Each band can be cut or boosted by up to 12dB, allowing for fine control of the frequency response. In addition there ar[...]

348 Audio Plug-ins About the filter modes On the pop-up menu in the lower right corner there are several different E Q modes available. These modes can add color or character to the equalized output in various ways. Here follow brief descriptions of the filter modes: T rue Response – serial filters with accurate frequency response. Digi St and[...]

12.18 Steinberg Maximizer 349 Input (-24 to +24dB) Allows you to adjust the input gain. Auto (-24 to +6dB) Determines the maximum output level. Release (0.1 to 1000ms or Auto mode) Sets the amount of time it takes for the gain to return to its original level. If the Auto button is activated, Limiter will automatically find an optimal release setti[...]

350 Audio Plug-ins Related topics Audio Plug-ins Master Section How do I add effects? Presets 12.19 Steinberg Mix 6 to 2 Mix6T o2 lets you quickly mix down your surround mix format to stereo. Y ou can control the levels of up to six surround channels and decide for each channel up to which level it will be included in the resulting mix. Mix6T o2 do[...]

12.20 Steinberg Mix 8 to 2 351 12.20 Steinberg Mix 8 to 2 Mix8T o2 lets you quickly mix down your surround mix format to stereo. Y ou can control the levels of up to eight surround channels and decide for each channel up to which level it will be included in the resulting mix. Mix8T o2 does not simulate a surround mix or add any psycho-acoustical a[...]

352 Audio Plug-ins 12.21 Steinberg Mono to Stereo This effect will turn a mono signal into a "pseudo-stereo" signal. The plug-in must be inserted on a stereo track playing a mono file. The following parameters are available: Width Controls the width or depth of the stereo enhancement. T urn clockwise to increase the enhancement. Delay In[...]

12.22 Steinberg Multiband Compressor 353 12.22 Steinberg Multiband Compressor The MultibandCompressor allows a signal to be split into a maximum of four frequency bands, each with its own freely adjust able compressor characteristic. The signal is processed on the basis of the settings that you have made in the Frequency Band and Compressor section[...]

354 Audio Plug-ins Bypassing frequency bands Each frequency band can be by-passed using the "B" button in each compressor section. Soloing frequency bands A frequency band can be soloed using the "S" button in eac h compressor section. Only one band can be soloed at a time. Using the Compressor section By moving breakpoints or u[...]

12.23 Steinberg Octaver 355 12.23 Steinberg Octaver This plug-in can generate two additional voices that track the pitch of the input signal one octave and two oct aves below the original pitch, respectively . Oct aver is best used with monophonic signals. The following parameters are available: Direct Adjusts the mix of the original signal and the[...]

356 Audio Plug-ins The following parameters are available: Delay Sets the base note value for the delay from 0.1 to 5000 milliseconds. Feedbac k Sets the number of repeats for the delay . Filter Lo This filter affects the feedback loop and allows you to roll off low frequencies up to 800Hz. The button below the knob activates/deactivates the filt[...]

12.25 Steinberg PostFilter 357 12.25 Steinberg P ostFilter The PostFilter is the filter plug-in to use if you are working on a post-production mix, but of course you can use it in music production, too, as an alternative to complex E Q config- urations. It allows quick and easy filtering of unwanted frequencies, creating room for the important s[...]

358 Audio Plug-ins Notch Freq Sets the frequency of the notch filter. Notch Gain Allows you to adjust the gain of the selected frequency. Use positive values to identify the frequencies that you want to filter out. Notch Gain Invert button Inverts the gain value of the notch filter . Use this button to filter out unwanted noise. W hile looking [...]

12.26 Steinberg Roomworks 359 12.26 Steinberg Roomworks RoomW orks is a highly adjustable reverb plug-in for creating realistic room ambiance and reverb effects in stereo and surround formats. The C P U us age is adjust able to fit the needs of any system. From short room reflections to cavern-sized reverb, this plug-in delivers high quality reve[...]

360 Audio Plug-ins Size Alters the delay times of early reflections to simulate larger or smaller spaces. Diffusion Affects the character of the reverb t ail. Higher values lead to more diffusion and a smoother sound, while lower values lead to a clearer sound. Width Controls the width of the stereo image. 100% gives you full stereo reverb. At 0%,[...]

12.26 Steinberg Roomworks 361 Attac k The envelope settings in RoomW orks control how the reverb will follow the dynamics of the input signal in a fashion similar to a noise gate or downward expander . Attack determines how long it t akes for the reverb to reach full volume after a signal peak (in milliseconds). This is similar to a pre-delay but t[...]

362 Audio Plug-ins 12.27 Steinberg Roomworks S E RoomW orks S E is a "lite" version of the RoomW orks plug-in. This plug-in delivers high quality reverberation, but has fewer parameters and is less demanding of C P U than the full version. The following parameters are available: Pre-Delay Controls how muc h time passes before the reverb i[...]

12.28 Stereo Delay 363 12.28 Stereo Delay StereoDelay has two independent delay lines with freely specified delay time settings. The following parameters are available: Delay 1 & 2 Using these controls you specify the base note value for the delay time in milliseconds. Sync button The buttons below the Delay knobs are used to turn tempo sync o[...]

364 Audio Plug-ins 12.29 Steinberg Stereo Enhancer This plug-in will expand the stereo width of (stereo) audio material. It cannot be used with mono files. The following parameters are available: Width Controls the width of the stereo enhancement (i.e. the apparent stereo separation). T urn clockwise to increase the enhancement. Delay Controls the[...]

12.30 Steinberg Studio Chorus 365 12.30 Steinberg Studio Chorus The StudioChorus plug-in is a two st age chorus effect whic h adds short delays to the signal and pitch modulates the delayed signals to produce a "doubling" effect. T he two separate stages of chorus modulation are completely independent and are processed serially (cas- cade[...]

366 Audio Plug-ins Related topics Audio Plug-ins Master Section How do I add effects? Presets 12.31 Steinberg Studio E Q This is a high-quality 4-band parametric stereo equalizer with two fully parametric mid-range bands. The low and high bands can act as either shelving filters (three types), or Parameter Description as a Peak (band-pass) or Cut [...]

12.31 Steinberg Studio E Q 367 [Alt]/[Option] Keep the [Alt]/[Option] key pressed and drag the mouse to change the frequency of the corresponding EQ band. [Ctrl]/[Command] Keep the [Ctrl]/[Command] key pressed and drag the mouse to change the gain value of the corresponding E Q band. The following parameters are available: Band 1 Gain (-20 to +24dB[...]

368 Audio Plug-ins Band 4 Gain (-20 to +24dB) Sets the amount of cut/boost for the high band. Band 4 Freq (200 to 20000Hz) Sets the frequency of the high band. Band 4 Q-Factor (0.5 to 10) Controls the width or resonance of the high band. Band 4 Filter mode For the high band, you can select between three types of shelving filters, a Peak, and a Cut[...]

12.33 UV22H R Dithering 369 For testing signal processing methods. For educational purposes. The T estGenerator is based on a waveform generator whic h can generate a number of basic waveforms suc h as sine and s aw as well as various types of noise. Furthermore, you can set the frequency and amplitude of the generated signal. As soon as you add th[...]

370 Audio Plug-ins Bit Resolution The UV22H R supports dithering to multiple resolutions: 8, 16, 20 or 24 bits Y ou select the desired resolution by clicking the corresponding button. Hi T ry this first, it is the most "all-round" setting. Lo This applies a lower level of dither noise. Auto black W hen this is activated, the dither noise[...]

12.35 Steinberg VST Dynamics 371 In combination with the Output setting, this parameter determines the compression amount. The higher the input gain setting and the lower the output gain setting, the more compression is applied. Output (-48 to 24dB) Sets the output gain. Attac k (0.1 to 100ms) Determines how fast the compressor responds. If the att[...]

372 Audio Plug-ins T he Gate section Gating, or noise gating, is a method of dynamic processing that silences audio signals below a set threshold level. As soon as the signal level exceeds the set threshold, the gate opens to let the signal through. The Gate trigger input can also be filtered using an internal side-chain. The following parameters [...]

12.35 Steinberg VST Dynamics 373 Threshold (-60 to 0dB) Determines the level where the compressor "kicks in". Signal levels above the set threshold are affected, but signal levels below are not processed. Ratio (1:1 to 8:1) Determines the amount of gain reduction applied to signals above the set threshold. A ratio of 3:1 means that for ev[...]

374 Audio Plug-ins The Module Configuration button Using the Module Configuration button in the bottom right corner of the plug-in panel, you can set the signal flow order for the three processors. Changing the order of the processors can produce different results, and the available options allow you to quickly compare what works best for a give[...]

12.37 Leveler 375 Master Section How do I add effects? Presets 12.37 Leveler Leveler is useful for correcting an imbalance or adjusting levels between stereo channels, or for mixing down to mono. The parameters are as follows: V olume Left, Right (-48dB to +12dB) This governs how much of the signal is included in the left and/or right channel of th[...]

376 Audio Plug-ins Leveler Multi t akes multi-channel input and applies a fader equally to all channels. The parameter is as follows: V olume (-48dB to 12dB) This governs how much gain is applied to the signal before the output bus. Related topics Audio Plug-ins Master Section How do I add effects? Presets 12.39 P eak Master Peak master is a basic [...]

12.40 Silence 377 12.40 Silence The Silence built-in plug-in provides a simple way of injecting a precise period of silence into the st art or end of an Audio File. The parameters are as follows: Start Use the slider to add from 0 to 60,000ms of silence to the st art of the file End Use the slider to add from 0 to 60,000ms of silence to the end of[...]

378 Audio Plug-ins Related topics Audio Plug-ins Master Section How do I add effects? Presets 12.42 Internal Dithering Internal Dithering is a built-in plug-in that provides a simple way of adding a small amount of noise to the rendered signal to improve the apparent signal-to-noise ratio of the output. For an introduction to the concept of ditheri[...]

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380 Utilities From this list you can select the trac ks (or define the st art and end points of a single track). The "Rename tracks" menu option automatically adds the track order number to the name in a range of different styles. Y ou can select a track name for text editing by double-clicking. In "Output", accept the default [...]

13.3 Data CD / DVD 381 Blu-ray Disk writer connected, for ex ample, you will not be able to write a Blu-ray Disk you may have prepared. However , you can still save it as an I S O Disk image and transfer it for remote burning. T o prepare a dat a disk, follow these steps: Adding files Add files and folders to the disk by: dragging them directly f[...]

382 Utilities enter the name that you want your disk to display when it is mounted as a data volume. to write your disk, click write CD/ DVD icon. T his opens the write C D/ DVD dialog which enables you to burn your dat a disk to an I S O image or to an optical disk using a connected C D/ DVD/ Blu-ray Disk writer. For an explanation of eac h parame[...]

13.6 Log window 383 The B atch Renaming dialog offers a powerful set of facilities to convert, remove, format, replace and insert text into existing names. Y ou can use simple options to match text, or you can build your own regular expressions , as required. Batch renaming can be useful with large projects for ex ample, so you can apply easily ide[...]

384 Utilities Y ou can access this window via Workspace > Shared tool windows > Log . It is available in the Control Window , Audio File W orkspace and Audio Montage W orkspace. Y ou can also access this window in the Control W indow via Utilities > Log . For an explanation of eac h parameter and inter face feature, clic k on , or the &apo[...]

13.8 Timecode 385 The most common use for this window is for working with video or film. Y ou can use it to display the playback head position of the current Audio File in a S M PTE format to frame level resolution (i.e. hours:minutes:seconds:frames). Y ou can also use it to display C D frames (minutes:seconds:frames) when you are authoring C D or[...]

386 Utilities W aveLab 7[...]

Chapter 14 How do I... The following is a list of common t asks and brief instructions on how to achieve them using W aveLab. ... import songs from an audio C D into W aveLab? ... use VS T Plug-ins? ... edit an existing Audio File? ... compile and edit several Audio Files on multiple tracks? ... apply processing to an Audio File? ... convert an Aud[...]

388 How do I... The VS T plug-ins are described individually in Audio Plug-ins . 14.3 ... edit an existing Audio File? Y ou can open Audio Files from within the Audio File W orkspace by: opening the file directly using the File > Open command using W aveLab's File Browser to locate your file and open it (you may need to change the file t[...]

14.6 ... convert an Audio File into another audio format? 389 Y ou can also use the "Process in place" rendering function in the Master Section. This applies effects to a file (or a selection) using the built in and/or third party VS T plug-ins. Y ou can use the unlimited "Undo" function to reverse any bad editing decisions. Se[...]

390 How do I... From within the Audio File W orkspace choose Process > Convert Sample Rate... Y ou can also convert the s ample rate in real-time using a resampler plug-in such as Crystal Res ampler , which is included in W aveLab. See Cryst al Res ampler . See Render W ave window for more information on applying VS T effects. Power users may wi[...]

Chapter 15 Glossary A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A ADP C M AES31 AI F F files Apple Lossless files ALAW files Aliasing Amplitude ASI O Att ack Audio mont age B Bandwidth Bit depth Blu-ray Disk C CD Frame C D Pre-emphasis C D T ext Chorus Clip Clipping Compression Cross fade D DA W D C Offset DD P files Decibel (dB) Dither[...]

392 Glossary F FFT Focused Clip Formant FTP Site G No entries available. H Headroom I IS O image I S RC J No entries available. K No entries available. L Loops Loudness M Markers Media Cat alog Number M I DI M I D I Channels Mixing Mobile phone Audio Files M P2 files M P3 files N Non-destructive editing Normalize NTSC W aveLab 7[...]

393 O Ogg V orbis files OS Q files P P AL/S E CAM Pan P eak level Plug-ins Pre-roll and Post-roll Preset system Processor cores Q Quantization R Raw P C M files Red B ook C D-DA Regular Expressions R F64 files R MS S Sample rate S M PTE timecode Sound Designer I I files Spectrogram Sun/ Java files T T empo T ext/ Excel files U U LAW files U[...]

394 Glossary X No entries available. Y No entries available. Z Zero crossing 15.1 AD P CM AD P CM – Microsoft/ Dialogic is an audio file format commonly used for games and tele- phony applications that offers a lower bit rate than linear PC M and thus requires less storage space/bandwidth. The file extension is .vox or .adpcm Glossary contents [...]

15.4 Apple Lossless files 395 T ypical filename extensions are .aiff, .aif, .aifc, .snd. Glossary contents 15.4 A pple Lossless files ALAC (Apple Lossless Audio Codec) is an audio codec developed by Apple Inc. for loss- less dat a compression of digit al audio. Also known as Apple Lossless and Apple Lossless Encoder (ALE), ALA C audio data is st[...]

396 Glossary Glossary contents 15.9 A ttac k Attac k is the initial part of the sound. An att ack is said to be fast when the maximum am- plitude is reached very quickly (with percussive sounds from drums, guit ar or piano, for ex- ample). Orchestral strings generally have slow att ack, where the volume increases more slowly . Glossary contents 15.[...]

15.14 CD Frame 397 The name "Blu-ray" derives from the 405 nanometer blue-violet laser used to read the disk (standard DVDs use a 650nm red laser , C Ds use 780nm). The shorter wavelength allows for five or 10 times more data storage than a DVD although a recent development has pushed the storage capacity to 500G B on a single disc by us[...]

398 Glossary 15.17 Chorus Chorus is an time-based effect produced by combining the original signal with a number of moving delays and pitch shifted copies, often panned across a stereo field. Steinberg Chorus Glossary contents 15.18 Clip Clip A Clip cont ains a reference to a source Audio File on your hard disk, as well as start and end positions [...]

15.21 Cross fade 399 Steinberg Compressor Steinberg Multiband Compressor Steinberg Vintage Compressor Glossary contents 15.21 Cross fade Cross fade is mixing two audio signals by fading one out at the same time as fading the other in. Glossary contents 15.22 D A W DA W A Digit al Audio W orkst ation is a software and hardware system dedicated to re[...]

400 Glossary and so protects both the audio dat a and its associated met adat a. The DD P image is a data file, and when burned to optical media, is a dat a disc. As such, it has the full measure of CI R C error-correction to allow error-free copying of files on your computer and across networks (including the internet). It’ s also why you ofte[...]

15.28 E CMAScript 401 rate and channel combinations can be used on a single disk. DVD-Audio Glossary contents 15.28 E CMAScript W aveLab's scripting language is based on the E CMAScript scripting language, as defined in "St andard E C MA-262 - E C MAScript Language Specification". Microsoft's JScript, Netscape's JavaScrip[...]

402 Glossary Glossary contents 15.33 F ormant Formants are the distinguishing frequency components of a sound. Glossary contents 15.34 FTP Site File T ransfer Protocol (FTP) is a network protocol used to copy a file from one host to another over a T C P/ I P-based network such as the Internet. An FTP site may require user-based password authentica[...]

15.38 Loops 403 Country Code (2 ASC I I characters) Registrant Code (typically , a record label - 3 ASC I I characters or digits) Recording Y ear (2 digits or ASC I I characters) Serial Number (unique number identifying the recording - 5 digits or ASCI I characters). The groups of characters are often presented with hyphens to make them easier to r[...]

404 Glossary Glossary contents 15.41 Media Catalog Number The M CN (Media Catalog Number) is a 13-digit code for an optical disk intended for commercial distribution - there is one such code per disk. See U P C/ EAN . Y ou can read the Media Cat alog Number (EAN) from a CD by choosing Utilities > Import Audio CD tracks... > F unctions > CD[...]

15.46 M P2 files 405 15.46 M P2 files M P2 (M PE G-1, audio layer 2) is an audio encoding format defined by I S O/ I EC 11172-3, alongside M PE G-1 and M P E G-3, using lossy audio compression. The three audio "layers" (M P1, M P2 and M P3) are different perceptual encoding techniques. M P2 remains an import ant format for broadcast au[...]

406 Glossary Steinberg Limiter Steinberg Maximizer Glossary contents 15.50 NTS C NTSC (from the US "National T elevision System Committee") is the analog television system used in North America, parts of South America, Japan and some Pacific territories. NTSC has 29.97 interlaced frames of video per second - a field refresh frequency of[...]

15.54 Pan 407 in broadcast television systems in large parts of the world. NTSC is a another analog system used in North America and parts of South America. In digit al applications P AL video mode is usually referred to as "576i" (i.e. a vertical resolution of 576 scan lines, interlaced), in analogue contexts it is often quoted as "[...]

408 Glossary Audio Plug-ins Glossary contents 15.57 P re-roll and Post-roll Pre-roll is the time elapsed before an event occurs; Post-roll is the time after an event. Pre-roll can give a brief context if you are auditioning a Clip. Glossary contents 15.58 P reset system W aveLab provides a sophisticated Preset system , which allows you to store a r[...]

15.61 Raw PCM files 409 15.61 Raw P CM files Raw P CM files is an Audio File format that includes no information about bit resolution or s ample rate. If you open a file in this format, W aveLab prompts you to specify the bit resolution and s ample rate. If this is not done correctly, the file will not play back as intended. Note that the &quo[...]

410 Glossary About Regular Expressions Glossary contents 15.64 R F64 files R F64 is an audio file format. Y ou have an option (set in Options > Audio File editing preferences > Files tab) to support the R F64 file format. If this is activated, the st andard W ave file format switches automatically to the R F64 file format as soon as the [...]

15.68 Sound Designer I I files 411 Time Format dialog Glossary contents 15.68 Sound Designer I I files Sound Designer I I is an audio file format used by Digidesign applications (such as Pro T ools). 8-, 16- or 24-bit resolutions are supported. The filename extension is .sd2 Glossary contents 15.69 Spectrogram A Spectrogram is an image that sho[...]

412 Glossary Audio File Format Dialog Glossary contents 15.73 U LA W files U LAW is an audio encoding and compression technique supported by W indows and W eb phones, using 8-bit resolution. The U.S. telephone system uses U-law encoding for digitiza- tion. T ypical file extensions are .ulaw , .vox Glossary contents 15.74 U P C/ EAN U P C/ EAN cod[...]

15.76 W A V64 files 413 15.76 W A V64 files W ave 64 is an audio file format developed by Sony that is very similar to the standard W ave format, but with an import ant difference. Standard W ave files are limited in size to 2G B (stereo), but W ave 64 allows virtually any length (actually the limit is 512G B). The file extension is .w64. W A [...]