Dell 1200 Bedienungsanleitung

www .dell.com | support.dell.com Dell™ V ostro™ 1200 Owner’ s Manual Model PP16S book.book Page 1 Wednesday, December 12, 2007 10:32 AM[...]

Notes, Notices, and Cautions NOTE: A NOTE indicates important information that helps you make b etter use of your computer . NOTICE: A NOTICE indicates either potential damage to hardware or loss of data and tells you how to avoid the problem. CAUTION: A CAUTION ind icates a potential for property damage, personal injury , or death. ______________ [...]

Contents 3 Contents 1 Finding Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2 About Y our Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Front View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Left Side View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Right Side Vie w . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Back View . . . . . . . . .[...]

4 Contents Charging the Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Removing the Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Storing a Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 4 Using the Keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Numeric Keypad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Key Combinations . . . . . . . . . . .[...]

Contents 5 6 Using Multimedia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Playing CDs or DVDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Copying CDs and DVDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 How to Copy a CD or DVD . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Using Blank CDs and DVDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Helpful T i ps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [...]

6 Contents Installing an ExpressCard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Removing an ExpressCard or Blank . . . . . . . . 65 9 Securing Y our Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Security Cable Lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 About Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 [...]

Contents 7 11 T roubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Battery Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 E-Mail, Modem, and Internet Problems . . . . . . 85 Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Lockups and Software Problems . . . . . . . . . . 88 Memory Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Networ[...]

8 Contents 13 Reinstalling Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 What Is a Driver? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Identifying Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Reinstalling Drivers and Utilities . . . . . . . . . 106 Hardware and Software Problems . . . . . . . . . . [...]

Contents 9 Product Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Returning Items for W arranty Repair or Credit . . . . . 126 Before Y ou Call . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Contacting Dell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 16 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 17 Appendix . . . . . . . . .[...]

10 Contents book.book Page 10 Wednesday , December 12, 2007 10:32 AM[...]

Finding Information 11 1 Finding Information NOTE: Some features or media may be opt ional and may not ship with your computer . Some features or media ma y not be available in certain countries. NOTE: Additional information may ship with your computer . What Are Y ou Looking For? Find It Here • A diagno stic program for my comput er • Drivers [...]

12 Finding Information •W a r r a n t y i n f o r m a t i o n • T erms and Conditions (U.S. only) •S a f e t y i n s t r u c t i o n s •R e g u l a t o r y i n f o r m a t i o n • Erg onomics information • End User License Ag reement Dell™ Product Information Guide • How to set up m y computer Setup Diagram NOTE: See the setup diagr[...]

Finding Information 13 • Service T ag and Expr ess Service Code • Microsoft W i ndows License Label Service T ag and Microsoft ® Windows ® License NOTE: Y our computer’ s Service T ag and Microsoft ® Windows ® License labels are located on your computer . Y our computer ’s Service T ag contains both a Service T ag number and an Express [...]

14 Finding Information • Solutions — T roubles hooting hint s and tips, articl es from technic ians, online courses, and frequently asked questions • Community — Online d iscussion wit h other Del l customer s • Upgrades — Upgrade inform ation for components, such as memory , the hard drive, and the op erating system • Customer Car e [...]

Finding Information 15 • Softwar e upgrades and troubleshooting hints — F requently asked questions , hot topics, and general healt h of your computing env ironment Dell Support Utility The Dell Support Utility is an automat ed upgrade and notification system installed on your computer . This s upport provides real-time health scans of your com[...]

16 Finding Information • How to use M icrosoft Wind ows XP or Wi n d o w s Vi s t a ™ • How to wor k with pr ogram s and fil es • How to p ersonalize my desktop Windows Help and Support Microsof t Windows XP: 1 Click the Start button and click Help and Support . 2 Either select one of the topics listed, or type a word or phrase that descri [...]

Finding Information 17 After you reinstall your operating system, use the Drivers and Utilities media to reinstall drivers for the devices th at came with your computer . Y our operating system product key label is located on your computer . NOTE: The color of your CD varies based on the operating sy stem you ordered. What Are Y ou Looking For? Fin[...]

18 Finding Information book.book Page 18 Wednesday , December 12, 2007 10:32 AM[...]

About Y our Computer 19 2 About Y our Computer Front V iew 1 left array microphone (optional with camera) 2 camera (optional) 4 5 1 2 9 13 12 10 3 7 6 8 11 book.book Page 19 Wednesday , December 12, 2007 10:32 AM[...]

20 About Y our Computer M ICROPHONE — The built-in microphone allows you to communicate without connecting an e xternal microphone. C AMERA — The built-in camera features a 2.0 mega pixel CMOS web camera. D ISPLAY — F or mor e information about your display , see "Using the Display" on page 43. M EDIA C ONTROL B UT TONS — Pr ess t[...]

About Y our Computer 21 The green lights located above the keyboar d indicate the following: K EYBOARD — The keyboar d includes a numeric keypad as well as the W indows logo key . F or information on supported keyboard shortcuts, see "Key Combinations" on page 40. F INGERPRI NT R EADER ( OPTIONAL )— Helps to keep your Dell™ computer[...]

22 About Y our Computer D EVICE S TATUS L IGHTS If the computer is con nected to an electrical outlet, the light operates as follows: – Solid bl ue: Th e batter y is f ully- charged. – Flashing amber: The battery is charging. If the computer is running on a battery , the light operates as follows: – Solid bl ue: Th e batter y is f ully- charg[...]

About Y our Computer 23 NOTICE: T o avoid losing data, turn off your computer by performing a Microsoft ® Windows ® operating sy stem shutdown rather than by pressing the power button. If the computer stops r esponding, press and hold the power button until the computer turns off completely (which may take several seconds). Left Side V iew USB C [...]

24 About Y our Computer Right Side V iew USB C ONNECTO R — Interfaces between the computer and add-on devices (such as audio players, joysticks, keyboard s, telephones, scanners, and printers). A UDIO C ONNECTORS 1 USB connector 2 audio connectors 3 air vent 4 video connector (VGA) 5 security cable slot Attach headphones to the connector . Attach[...]

About Y our Computer 25 A IR V ENTS — The computer uses an internal fan to cr eate airflow through the vents, which pr events the computer from overheating. CAUTION: Do not block, push objects into, or allow dust to acc umulate in the air vents. While it is running, do not st ore your Dell computer in a low-airflow environment, such as a closed b[...]

26 About Y our Computer The AC adapter converts AC power to the DC power requir ed by the computer . Y ou can connect the AC adapte r with your com puter turned ei ther on or off. CAUTION: The AC adapter works with ele ctrical outlets worldwide. However , power connectors and power strips vary among countries. Using an incompatible cable or imprope[...]

About Y our Computer 27 N ETWORK C ONNECTOR (RJ-45) NOTICE: The network connector is slightly larger than the modem conn ector . T o avoid damaging the computer , do not plug a telephone line into the network connector . Connects the computer to a network. The two lights next to the connector indicate status and activity for wir ed network connecti[...]

28 About Y our Computer Bottom V iew COVER FOR OPTIONAL INTERNAL CARD WITH B LUETOOTH ® WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY — F or more informa tion, see the documentation that came with your card. T o quickly enable or disable all wireless devices, pr ess <Fn><F2>. A IR V ENTS — The computer uses an internal fan to create airflow through the fan [...]

About Y our Computer 29 CAUTION: Do not block, push objects into, or allow dust to acc umulate in the air vents. Do not store your computer in a low-airflow environment, such as a closed briefcase, while it is running. Restric ting the airflow can damage the computer or cause a fire . B ATTERY — When a battery is installed, you can use the comput[...]

30 About Y our Computer book.book Page 30 Wednesday , December 12, 2007 10:32 AM[...]

Using a Battery 31 3 Using a Battery Battery Performance NOTE: For information about the Dell warranty for your computer , see the Product Information Guide or separate paper warranty documen t that shipped with your computer . F or optimal computer performance and to help pr eserve BIOS settin gs, operate your Dell™ portable computer wi th the m[...]

32 Using a Battery • R unni ng the computer in maximum performance mode. See "Confi guring P ower Management Settings" on page 35 for information about accessing W indows P ower Options P rop erties which you can use to confi gure power management settings. Y ou can check the battery charge befor e you insert the battery into the comput[...]

Using a Battery 33 A pop-up window warns you when th e battery char ge is approximately 90 percent depleted. If two batteries ar e installed, the low-battery warning means that the combined charge of both batteries is approximately 90 percent depleted. The computer ente rs hibernate mode when the battery charge is at a critically low level. Y ou ca[...]

34 Using a Battery T o enter standby mode in W i ndows XP , click the Start button, click Tu r n o f f computer , and then click Stand by . T o enter sleep mo de in W indows Vista , click the W indows Vista Start button , and then click Sl eep . Depending on how you set the power management options in the Po w e r Options Properties window , you m [...]

Using a Battery 35 T o exit hibernate mode, press the po wer button. The computer may take a short time to exit hibernate mode. Y ou cannot mak e the computer exit hibernate mode by pressing a k ey or touching the touch pad. F or more information on hibernate mode, s ee the docume ntation that came with y our operating system . Configuring Power Ma[...]

36 Using a Battery Removing the Battery CAUTION: Using an incompatible bat tery may increase the risk of fire or explosion. Replace the battery only with a compatible battery purchased from Dell. The battery is de signed to work with your Dell™ computer . Do not use a battery from other computers with your computer . CAUTION: Before performing th[...]

Using a Battery 37 5 T o replace the battery , follow the removal procedure in reverse order . Storing a Battery Remove the battery when you store your computer for an extended period of time. A battery discharges during prolonge d storage. After a long storage period, rechar ge the battery fully (s ee "Charging the Battery" on page 35) b[...]

38 Using a Battery book.book Page 38 Wednesday , December 12, 2007 10:32 AM[...]

Using the Keyboard 39 4 Using the Keyboard Numeric Keypad The numeric keypad functions lik e the numeric keypad on an external keyboar d. Each key on the k eypad has multiple functions. The keypad numbers and symbols are mark ed in blue on the right of the k eypad keys. T o type a number or symbol, hold down <Fn> and pr ess the desired key . [...]

40 Using the Keyboard Key Combinations Sy stem Functions Power Manage ment Speaker Functio ns Microsoft ® Windows ® Logo Key Functions <Ctrl><Shift><Esc> Opens the T ask Manager window . <Fn><Esc> Activates a po wer management mode. Y ou can reprogram this keyboar d shortcut to activ ate a diff erent power manag emen[...]

Using the Keyboard 41 T o adjust keyboar d operation, such as t h e character r epeat rate, open the Control P anel, click Printers and Other Hardware , and click Ke y b o a rd . F or information about the Control P anel, see the W indows Help and Support Center . T o access the Help and Support Center , click Start → Help and Support. T ouch Pad[...]

42 Using the Keyboard • T o select and move (or drag) an object, position the cursor on the object and tap twice on the touch pad. On the second tap, leave your finger on the touch pad and move the selected ob ject by sliding your finger over the surface. • T o double-click an object, positi on th e cursor on the ob ject and tap twice on the to[...]

Using the Display 43 5 Using the Display Adjusting Brightness When a Dell™ computer is runn ing on battery power , you can conserve power by setting the display brigh tness to the lowest comfortable se tting by pressing <Fn> and the up- or down-arrow key on the k eyboard. NOTE: Brightness key combinations only aff ect the display on your po[...]

44 Using the Display Making Images and T ext Look Bigger or Sharper NOTE: If you change the display resolution from the current settings, the image may appear blurry or text may be hard to read if you change the resolution to one not supported by your computer and displa y . Before you change any of the display settings, make a note of the current [...]

Using the Display 45 3 In the Display Settings window , under Res o l u ti o n , slide the slide bar to the left/right to decrease/incr ease the screen resolution. 4 Click How do I get the best display? for further instructions. If the video resolution setti ng is higher than that s upported by the display , the computer enters pan mode. In pan mod[...]

46 Using the Display 7 Change Screen Area to the appropriate sizes for both displays and click Apply . 8 If prompted to restart the computer , click Apply the new color setting without restarting and click OK . 9 If prompted, click OK to resize your desktop. 10 If prompted, click Ye s to keep the settings. 11 Click OK to close the Display P roperti[...]

Using the Display 47 Microsoft ® Windows ® XP 1 Click the Start button and click Control P anel . 2 Under Pic k a c at eg or y , click Appearance and Themes . 3 Under Pick a task... , click the ar ea you want to change, or under or pick a Control P anel icon , click Display . 4 Click the Settings tab → Advanced → Displays tab. See the documen[...]

48 Using the Display book.book Page 48 Wednesday , December 12, 2007 10:32 AM[...]

Using Mu ltimedia 49 6 Using Multimedia Playing CDs or DVDs NOTICE: Do not press down on t he CD/DVD tray when y ou open or close it. Keep the tray closed when you are not using the drive. NOTICE: Do not move the computer wh ile playing CDs or DVDs. 1 P ress the eject button on the front of the drive. 2 P ull out the tray . 3 Place the disc, label [...]

50 Using Multimedia NOTE: If you use a module that shipped with another computer , you need to install the drivers and software necessary to pl ay DVDs or write data. For more information, see the Drivers and Utilities CD (the Drivers and Utilities CD is optional and may not be available for your com puter or in certain co untries). 4 P ush the tra[...]

Using Mu ltimedia 51 F or more information on playin g CDs or D V Ds, click Help on the CD or D VD player (if available). Copying CDs and DVDs NOTE: Ensure that you observe all copyright laws when creating CDs or DVDs. This section applies only to computers that have a CD-RW , DVD+/-R W , or CD-R W/DVD (combo) drive. NOTE: The types of CD or DVD dr[...]

52 Using Multimedia 3 T o copy the CD or DVD: • If you have one CD/DVD drive , ensure that the settings are corr ect, and then click Disc Copy . The computer reads your source CD or DVD and copies the data to a temporar y folder on your computer hard drive. When prompted, insert a blank CD or DVD into the drive and click OK . • If you have two [...]

Using Mu ltimedia 53 DVD-Writable Drives Helpful T ips • Use Microsoft ® W indows ® Explorer to drag a nd dr op files to a CD-R or CD-RW only after you start Roxio Crea tor Plus and open a Creator project . • Use CD-Rs to burn music CDs that yo u want to play in regular ster eos. CD-R Ws may not play in many home or car ster eos. • Y ou can[...]

54 Using Multimedia Adjusting the V olume NOTE: When the speakers are muted, you do not hear the CD or DVD playing. 1 Select Start → Pr o g r am s → Accessories → Entertainment → Vo l u m e Control . 2 Click and drag the bar in the Vo l u m e C o n t r o l column and slide it up or down to increase or decr ease the volume. F o r more inform[...]

Setting Up and Using Networks 55 7 Setting Up and Using Networks Setting up a computer network provides connectivity between your computer and the Internet, another computer , or a network. F or example, with a network set up in a home or small office you can print to a shar ed printer , access drives and files o n another comp u ter , browse other[...]

56 Setting Up and Using Networks Setting Up a Network in the Microsoft ® Windows ® XP Operating Sy stem 1 Click Start → All P rograms → Accessories → Communications → Network Setup Wiz ard → Next → Checklist for creating a network . NOTE: Selecting the connection method labeled This computer connects directly to the Internet enables t[...]

Setting Up and Using Networks 57 2 Select an option under Choose a connection option . 3 Click Next , and then follow the instructions in the wizard. Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) A WLAN is a series of interconnect ed computers that communicate with each other over the air waves rather than through a network cable connected to each computer . [...]

58 Setting Up and Using Networks In Microsoft Windows V ista , click → Connect T o → Vi e w n e t w o r k computers and devices . If W ireless Network Connection does not appear under LAN or High-Speed Internet, you may not have a wi rel es s n e tw o rk ca rd. If W ireless Network Connection appears, you have a wireless network car d. T o view[...]

Setting Up and Using Networks 59 7 Disconnect the AC adapter cable from your wireless router to e nsure that there is no power connected to the router . NOTE: W ait for a minimum of 5 minutes after disconnecting your broadband modem before you continue with the network setup. 8 Insert a network cable into the network (RJ-45) connector on the unpowe[...]

60 Setting Up and Using Networks NOTE: The following networking instructions do not apply to internal cards with Bluetooth ® wireless technology or ce llular products. This section provides general procedur es for connecting to a network using wireless technology . Specific network names and configuration details vary . See "W ireless Local A[...]

Setting Up and Using Networks 61 F or specific information about the wire less conf iguration utility installed on your computer , see your wireless ne twork documentation in the W indows Help and Support Center (see "W in dows Help and Support" on page 16). Completing the Connection to the WLAN When you turn on your computer and a networ[...]

62 Setting Up and Using Networks book.book Page 62 Wednesday , December 12, 2007 10:32 AM[...]

Using Cards 63 8 Using Cards ExpressCards ExpressCar ds provide additional memory , wired and wir eless communications, multimedia an d securi ty features. Expr essCards support two fo rm fac tors: • E xp re s sC a rd/ 5 4 ( 5 4 m m w id e in a n L-shape with a 34 mm connector) The 54 mm card only fits into a 54 mm car d slot. See "Specifica[...]

64 Using Cards ExpressCard Blanks Y our computer shipped with a plastic bl ank installe d in the ExpressCard slot. Blanks protect unused slots from dust and other particles. Save the blank for use when no ExpressCar d is installed in the slot; blanks from other computers may not fit your computer . Remove the blank b efore installing an ExpressCar [...]

Using Cards 65 The computer recognizes the ExpressCard and automatically loads the appropriate device driver . If the config uration program tells you to load the manufacturer's drivers, use the floppy disk or CD that came with the ExpressCard. Removing an ExpressCa rd or Blank CAUTION: Before you begin any of the procedur es in this section, [...]

66 Using Cards 1 slot 2 ExpressCard 1 2 book.book Page 66 Wednesday , December 12, 2007 10:32 AM[...]

Securing Y our Computer 67 9 Securing Y our Computer Security Cable Lock NOTE: Y our computer does not ship with a security cable lock. A security cable lock is a commercially available antitheft devi ce. T o use the lock, attach it to the security cable slot on your Dell™ computer . F or more information, see the instructi o ns included with the[...]

68 Securing Y our Computer A primary (or system) password and an administrator passwor d prevent unauthorized access to your computer in different ways. The following table identifies types and features of pa sswords available on you r computer . NOTE: Some hard drives do not support hard drive passwords. NOTICE: Passwords provide a high level of s[...]

Securing Y our Computer 69 If you do not ente r a password within two minutes, the computer r eturns to its pre vious operating state. NOTICE: If you disable the administrator passw ord, the primary password is also disabled. T o add or change passwords, access User Accounts from the Co ntrol P ane l . If you have assigned an administrator password[...]

70 Securing Y our Computer Computer T racking Software Computer tracking software may enable yo u to locate your computer if it is lost or stolen. The software is optional and may be purchased when you order your Dell™ computer , or you can contac t your Dell sales repr esentative for information about this security feature. NOTE: Computer tracki[...]

Securing Y our Computer 71 • If the computer belongs to a company , notify the security office of the company . • Contact Dell customer service to re port the mi ssing computer . Provide the computer Service T ag, the case numbe r , and the na me, address, and phone number of the law enforcement agency to which you reported the missing computer[...]

72 Securing Y our Computer book.book Page 72 Wednesday , December 12, 2007 10:32 AM[...]

T roubleshooting T ools 73 10 T roubleshooting T ools Diagnostic Lights CAUTION: Before you begin any of the procedur es in this section, follow the safety instructions in the Product Information Guide . Y our computer has three k eyboard status lights located above the keyboard (see "F ront View" on page 19). During normal operation, the[...]

74 T roubleshooting T ools Sy stem Messages NOTE: If the message you received is not liste d in the table, see the documentation for either the operating sy stem or the program that was running when the message appeared. CMOS F AILURE — P ossible system board failur e or the R TC battery is low . P ress <F1> to load defaults . D ECREASING A[...]

T roubleshooting T ools 75 I NVALID CONFIGURATION INFORMATION - PLEASE RUN SETUP PROGRAM — Enter System Setup (see "Viewing the Syst em Setup Scr eens" on page 102) and change System Setup options (see "Commonly Used Option s" on page 102) to correct the c onfiguration error . K EYBOARD FAILU RE — Keyboard failure or k eyboa[...]

76 T roubleshooting T ools P OWER WARNING MESSAGES HAVE BEEN DISABLED . RUN THE SETUP UTILITY TO ENABLE THESE MESSAGES .— See "System Setup P rogram" on page 101. R EAD FAILUR E ON INTERNAL HARD DRIVE — See your Servic e Manual for more information. T HE AC POWER ADAPTER WATTAGE AND TYPE CANNOT BE DETERMINED . THE BATTERY MAY NOT CHAR[...]

T roubleshooting T ools 77 WAR N IN G : T HE PRIMAR Y BATTERY CANNOT BE IDENTIFIED . THIS SY STEM WI LL BE UNABLE TO CHARGE BATTERIES UNTIL THIS BATTERY IS REMOVED .— Fo r computers with two batteries installed, the primary battery may be installed incorr ectly , or the batter y or system board may be defective. WAR N IN G : T HE SECOND BATTERY C[...]

78 T roubleshooting T ools Y OUR SY STEM AUTOMATI CALLY POWER OFF BECAUSE IT BECAME WARMER TH AN EXPECTED . THIS MAY HAVE BEEN CAUSED BY : OPERATIN G OR STORING THE SY STEM IN AN ENVIRONMENT WHERE THE AMBIENT TEMPERATURE IS TOO HIGH , OR OBSTRUCTING THE AIR FLOW FROM THE SY STEM FAN VENTS . IF THE PROBLEM RECURS , PLEASE CALL DELL SU PPORT WIT H ER[...]

T roubleshooting T ools 79 Dell Diagnostics CAUTION: Before you begin any of the procedur es in this section, follow the safety instructions located in the Product Information Guide . When to Use the Dell Diagnostics If you experience a problem with yo ur computer , perform the checks in "T roubleshooting" on page 85, and then run the Del[...]

80 T roubleshooting T ools The computer runs the P re-boot System Assessment (PSA), a series of initial tests of your s ystem board, k eyboard, d isplay , memory , hard drive, etc. • During the assessment, answer any questions that appear . • If failur es are detected during the PSA, write down the error code(s) and see "Contacting Dell&qu[...]

T roubleshooting T ools 81 Starting the Dell Diagnostics From the Drivers and Utili ties Media Before running the Dell Diagnostics, enter System Setup (s ee "Viewing the System Setup Screens" on page 102) to review your computer’s configuration information, an d ensure that the device you want to test is displayed in System Setup and is[...]

82 T roubleshooting T ools 9 At the Dell Diagnos tics Main Menu, left-click with the mouse, or press <T ab> and then <Enter>, to select the test you wa nt to run (see "Dell Diagnostics Main Menu " on page 82). NOTE: Wr ite down any error codes and problem descriptions exactly as they appear and follow the instructions on the s[...]

T roubleshooting T ools 83 NOTE: It is recommended that you select Extended T est to perform a more thorough check of devices in the computer . F or any problem encountered during a test, a message appears with an error code and a description of the problem. W rite down the error code and problem description exactly as it appear s and follow the in[...]

84 T roubleshooting T ools Configuration Displays the hardware configuration for the selected device. The Dell Diagnostics obtains configuration information for all devices from System Setup, memory, a nd various internal tests, and displays the information in the device list i n the left pane of the screen. NOTE: The device list may not display th[...]

T roubleshooting 85 11 T roubleshooting F ollow these tips when troub leshooting your computer: • If you added or remov ed a part before the problem started, review the installation p rocedures and ensure that the part is correctly installed. • If a peripheral device does not work, ensure that the device is properly connected. • If an error m[...]

86 T roubleshooting C HECK THE M ICROSOFT O UTLOOK ® E XPRESS SECURITY SETTINGS — If you cannot open your e-mail attachments: 1 In Outlook Express, click T ools → Options → Security . 2 Click Do not allow attachments to remove the checkmark, as needed. C HECK THE TELEPHONE LINE CONNECTION C HECK THE TELEPHONE JACK C ONNECT THE MODEM DIRECTLY[...]

T roubleshooting 87 2 Click the COM port for your modem → P roperties → Diagnostics → Query Modem to verify that the modem is communicating with W indows. If all commands receive r esponses, the modem is operating properly . W indows Vista : 1 Click Start → Control P anel → Hardware and Sound → Phone and Modem Options → Modems . 2 Cli[...]

88 T roubleshooting Windows V ista : 1 Click Start → Control P anel → Pr o g r am s → P rograms and F eatures . 2 Select the program you want to remove. 3 Click Uninstall . 4 See the program documentation for installation instructions. drive letter : IS NOT ACCESSIBLE . T HE DEVICE IS NOT READY — The drive cannot re ad the disk. Insert a d[...]

T roubleshooting 89 3 Click to select the program th at is no longer responding. 4 Click End T ask . A program crashes repeatedly NOTE: Most software includes installation instr uctions in its docume ntation or on a floppy disk, CD, or DVD. C HECK THE SOFTWARE DOCUME NTATION — If necessary , uninstall and then reinstall the program. A program is [...]

90 T roubleshooting Other software problems C HECK THE SOFTWARE DOCUMENTATI ON OR CONTACT THE SOFTWARE MANUFACTURER FOR TROUBLESHOOTING INFORMATIO N • Ensure that the program is compatible with the operatin g system in stalled on your computer . • Ensure that your computer meets the minimum hardwar e requirements needed to run the software. See[...]

T roubleshooting 91 • Ensure that you are following the memory installation guidelines (see “Installing Memory ” in your Service Man ual). • Ensure that the memory you are using is supported by your compu ter . F or more information about the type of memory supported by your computer , see your Service Manual. • R un the Dell Diagnostics [...]

92 T roubleshooting • Bypass power strips, power e xtension cables, and other power protection devices to verify that the computer turns on properly . • Ensure that any power strips bei ng used are plugged into an electrical outlet and are turned on. • Ensure that the electrical outlet is working by testing it with an other device, such as a [...]

T roubleshooting 93 T EST THE ELECTRICAL OUTLET — Ensure that the electrical out let is working by testing it with another device, such as a lamp. V ERIFY THAT THE PRINTER IS RECOGNIZED BY W INDOWS Wi n d o w s X P: 1 Click Start → Control P anel → P rinters and Other Hardware → Vi e w installed p rinters or fax printe rs . 2 If the printer[...]

94 T roubleshooting V ERIFY THAT THE SCANNER IS RECOGNIZED BY M IC ROSOFT W INDOWS Win d o ws X P: 1 Click Start → Control P anel → P rinters and Other Hardware → Scanners and Cameras . 2 If your scanner is listed, W indows recognizes the scanner . Windows V ista : 1 Click Start → Control P anel → Hardware and Sound → Scanners and Camer[...]

T roubleshooting 95 E LIMINATE POSSIBLE INTERFERENCE — T urn off nearby fans, fluor escent lights, or halogen lamps to check for interference. R UN THE SPEAKER DIAGNO STICS R EINSTALL THE SOUND DRIVER — See "Drivers" on page 105. R UN THE H ARDWARE T ROUBLESHOOTER — See "Har dware and Softwa re P roblems" on page 110. No s[...]

96 T roubleshooting C HECK THE SY STEM SETUP PROGRAM SETTINGS — V erify that the system setup program lists the corr ect device for the pointing device option. (The computer automatically recognizes a USB mouse without making any setting adjustments.) F or more information on using the sys tem setup program , see "System Setup Program" [...]

T roubleshooting 97 W indows Vista : 1 Click Start → Control P anel → Hardware and Sound → P ersonalization → Display Settings . 2 Adjust Res o l u ti o n and Colors settings, as needed. 3D image quality is poor C HECK THE GRAPHICS CARD POWER CABLE CONNECTION — Ensure that the power cable for the graphics car d(s) is correctly attached to[...]

98 T roubleshooting – If the computer is plugge d into a power strip , ensure that the power strip is plugged into an electrical outlet and that the power strip is turned on. – Bypass power protection devices, power strips , and power extension cables to verify that the computer turns on properly . – Ensure that the electrical outlet is worki[...]

T roubleshooting 99 Accessing the De ll Support Utility Access the Dell Support Utility from th e icon on the taskbar or from the Start menu. If the Dell Support icon does not appear in your taskbar: 1 Click Start → All P rograms → Dell Support → Dell Support Settings . 2 Ensure that the Show icon on the taskbar option is checked. NOTE: If th[...]

100 T roubleshooting book.book Page 100 Wedn esday, December 12, 2007 10: 32 AM[...]

Sy stem Setup Program 101 12 Sy stem Setup Program Overview NOTE: Y our operating sy stem may automatica lly configure most of the options available in the sy stem setup program, t hus overriding options that you set through the sy stem setup program. (An exception is the External Hot Key option, which you can disable or enable only throu gh the sy[...]

102 Sy stem Setup Program NOTE: Unless you are an expert computer user or are directed to do so by Dell technical support, do not change the sy stem setup settings. Certain changes might make your computer work incorrectly . Vi ewing the Sy stem Setup Screens 1 T urn on (or restart) your computer . 2 When the DELL™ logo appears, pr ess <F2>[...]

Sy stem Setup Program 103 The Boot Order page displays a general list of the b ootable devices tha t may be installed in your computer , includ ing but not limited to the following: • Diskette Drive • Internal HDD • Optical Drive During the boot routine, the computer st arts at the top of the list and scans each enabled device for the operati[...]

104 Sy stem Setup Program 5 When the boot device list appears, highlight the device from which you want to boot and press <Enter>. The computer boots to the selected device. The next time you reboot the computer , the previous boot or der is restored. Enabling the In frared Sensor 1 P ress <Alt><p> until you locate Infrared Data P[...]

Reinstalling Software 105 13 Reinstalling Software Drivers What Is a Driver? A driver is a program that controls a device such as a printer , mouse, or key bo a rd. Al l d e vi ce s req ui re a d ri ve r pr og r am . A driver acts like a translator between the device and any other programs that use the device. Each device has its own set of special[...]

106 Reinstalling Software Microsoft ® Windows ® XP 1 Click Start → Control P anel . 2 Under Pic k a C at eg or y , click P erformance and Maintenance , and click System . 3 In the System P roperties window , click the Hardware tab, and click Device Manager . Microsoft Windows Vista™ 1 Click the W indows Vista start button , and right-click Co[...]

Reinstalling Software 107 W indows Vista: 1 Click the W indows Vista start button , and right-click Computer . 2 Click P roperties → Device Manager . NOTE: The User Account Control window may appear . If you are an administrator on the computer , click Continue ; otherwise, contact your administrator to enter the Device Manager . 3 Right-click th[...]

108 Reinstalling Software 6 Click the driver that you want to r ein stall and follow the instructions on the screen. If a particular driver is not listed, then that driver is not required by your operating system . Using the Drivers and Utilities Media If using Device Driver Rollback or Sys tem Restore (see "Restoring Y our Operating System&qu[...]

Reinstalling Software 109 If instructed to navigate to the driver files, click the CD/DVD dir ectory on the driver information window to display the files associated with that driver . Manually Reinstalling Drivers After extracting the driver files to your har d drive as described in the previous section: Wi n d o w s X P: 1 Click Start → My Comp[...]

110 Reinstalling Software 7 When the name of the appropriate driv er appears, click the name of the driver → OK → Next . 8 Click Fi n i s h and restart your computer . Hardware and Software Problems This section discuss es issues with Wi ndows XP and W indows Vista operating systems. If a device is either not dete cted during the operating syst[...]

Reinstalling Software 111 permanently delete all data on the hard drive and remove any programs installed after you received the compute r . Use Dell PC Restore or Dell F actory Image Restore only if System Restore did not r esolve your operating system problem. • If you received an Operating System disc with your computer , you can use it to res[...]

112 Reinstalling Software Windows V ista : 1 Click Start . 2 In the Start Search box, type System Restore and press <Enter>. NOTE: The User Account Control window may appear . If you are an administrator on the computer , click Continue ; otherwise, contact your administrator to cont inue the desired action. 3 Click Next and follow the remain[...]

Reinstalling Software 113 Using Dell™ PC Restore and Dell Factory Im age Restore NOTICE: Using Dell PC Restore or Dell Fact ory Image Restore permanently deletes all data on the hard drive and removes any pr ograms or drive rs installed after you received your computer . If possible, back up the data before using these options. Use PC Restore or [...]

114 Reinstalling Software 5 When prompted, click Ye s . The computer restarts. Because the computer is restored to its original operating state, the screens that ap pear , su ch as the End User Licens e Agreement, ar e the same ones that ap peared the first time the computer was turned on. 6 Click Next . The System Restore screen appears and the co[...]

Reinstalling Software 115 6 Right-click Loc al Dis k ( C) in W indows Explorer , click P roperties , and verify that the additional disk space is available as indicated by the increased value for F ree Space . 7 Click Fi n i s h to close the PC Restore R emoval window an d restart th e computer . Windows Vista: Dell Factory Image Restore 1 T urn on[...]

116 Reinstalling Software Using the Operating Sy stem Media Before yo u Begin If you are considering reinstalling the W indows operating system to correct a problem with a newly installed driver , first try using W indows Device Driver Rollback. See "Using W indows Device Driver Rollback" on page 106. If Device Driver Rollback does no t r[...]

Reinstalling Software 117 NOTE: If you wait too long and the operating sy stem logo appears, continue to wait until you see the Microsoft ® Windows ® desktop; then, shut down your computer and try again. NOTE: The next steps change the boot sequence for one time only . On the next start-up, the computer boots according to the devices specifie d i[...]

118 Reinstalling Software book.book Page 118 Wedn esday, December 12, 2007 10: 32 AM[...]

T raveling With Y our Computer 119 14 T raveling With Y our Computer Identifying Y our Computer • Attach a name tag or business card to the computer . • W rite down your Service T ag and store it in a safe place away from the computer or carrying case. Use the Service T ag if you need to r ep ort a loss or theft to law enforcement officials and[...]

120 T raveling With Y our Computer • A void packing the computer with item s such as shaving cream, colognes, perfumes, or food. NOTICE: If the computer has been exposed to ex treme temperatures, allow it to acclimate to room temperature for one hour before turning it on. • P rotect the computer , the batteries, an d the hard drive from hazard [...]

T raveling With Y our Computer 121 • P rior to entering the airplane, verify that using a computer is permitted. Some airlines forbid the use of electroni c devices during fligh t. All airlines forbid the use of electronic d evices during takeoff and landing. book.book Page 121 Wedn esday, December 12, 2007 10: 32 AM[...]

122 T raveling With Y our Computer book.book Page 122 Wedn esday, December 12, 2007 10: 32 AM[...]

Getting Help 123 15 Getting Help Obtaining Assistance If you experience a problem with yo ur computer , you can complete the following steps to diagnose and troubleshoot the problem: 1 See "T roubleshooting" on page 85 for information and procedures that pertain to the problem your compu ter is experiencing. 2 See "Dell Diagnostics&q[...]

124 Getting Help T e chnical Support and Customer Service Dell's support service is available to answer your questions about Dell™ hardwar e. Our support staff uses comput er -based diagnostics to provide fast, accurate answers. T o contact Dell's support service, see "Before Y ou Ca ll" on page 127, and then see the contact i[...]

Getting Help 125 • la-techsupport@dell.com (Latin America and Caribbean countries only) • apsupport@dell. com (Asian/P acific countries only) • Dell Marketing and Sales e-mail addr esses •a p m a r k e t i n g @ d e l l . c o m (Asian/P acific countries only) • sales_canada@dell.com (Canada only) • Anonymous file transfe r protocol (FTP[...]

126 Getting Help Product Information If you need information ab out add itional products available from Dell, or if you would like to place an orde r , visit the Dell website at www . dell.com . F or the telephone number to call for your region or to speak to a sales specialist, see "Contacting Dell" on page 129. Returning Items for W arr[...]

Getting Help 127 Before Y ou Call NOTE: Have your Express Se rvice Code ready when you call. The code helps Dell’ s automated-support telephone sy stem direct y our call more efficiently. Y ou may also be asked for your Service T ag (located on the back or bottom of your computer). Remember to fill out the Diagnostics Ch ecklist (see "Diagno[...]

128 Getting Help Diagnostics Checklist Name: Date: Address: Phone number: Service T ag (bar code on the back or bottom of the computer): Express Service Code: Return Material Authorization Number (if provided by Dell support technician): Operating system and ve rsion: Devices: Expansion cards: Are you connected to a network? Y e s No Network, versi[...]

Getting Help 129 Contacting Dell F or cus tomers in the United States, call 8 00- WWW -DELL (800-999-3355). NOTE: If you do not have an active Inte rnet connection, you can find contact information on your purchase invoice, packing slip, bill, or Dell product catalog. Dell provides several online and telepho ne-based support and service options. Av[...]

130 Getting Help book.book Page 130 Wedn esday, December 12, 2007 10: 32 AM[...]

Specifications 131 16 Specifications NOTE: Offerings may vary by region . Fo r more information regarding the configuration of your computer , click Start → Help and Support and select the option to view information about your computer . Processor P rocessor type Intel ® Core™ 2 Duo and Solo , Celeron L2 cache up t o 4 MB External bus frequenc[...]

132 Specifications PCIe ExpressCar d 54 mm PCI Expr essCard 3-in-1 Card Reader Supports SD, MMC, MS, MS Pro , MS Duo including SDHC Communications Modem T ype: internal MDC 1.5 solution V .92 56 Kbps V .90 56 Kbps Network adapter Marvell 88E8055 GB LAN (PC I Express Gigabit Ethernet) W ireless internal Bluetooth™ V 2.0 wi th USB 2.0 interface for[...]

Specifications 133 Speaker one 4-ohm speakers Internal speaker amplifier 1 .5 W channel into 4 ohms V olume controls keyboard shortcuts, program menus Display T ype (active- matrix TFT) WXGA Dimensions: Diagonal 307.34 mm (12.1 inches) Maximum resolutions: WXGA 1280 x 800 at 16.7 million colors Response time (typical) 20-ms rise (maximum), 30-ms fa[...]

134 Specifications T ouch Pad X/Y position resolut ion (graphics table mode) 240 cpi Size: Wi dt h 64.88 mm (2.55-inch) sensor-active ar ea Height 48.88-mm (1.92-inch) rectangle Battery T ype 4-cell “smart” lithium ion (2400 mAh) 6-cell “smart” lithium ion (4800 mAh) We i g h t V oltage 4-cell: 14.8 Vdc 6-cell: 11.1 Vdc Charge time (approxi[...]

Specifications 135 Output current 65W 3.9 A (maximum at 4-second pulse) 3.34 A (continuous) Output power 65W Rated output voltage 19.5 +/– 1 VDC Drives Optical Disk Drive Height 12.7 mm (.5 inches) Supports CD-RW/D VD-ROM Ty p e DV D S u p e r M u lt i Hard Disk Drive Height 9.5 mm (2.5 inch) SA T A Capaci ty 80, 120, 160 GB (5400 RPM) Phy sical [...]

136 Specifications Relative humidity (maximum): Operati ng 10% to 90% (noncondensing) Storage 5% to 95% (noncondensing) Maximum vibration (using a random-vibration spectrum that simulates user environment): Operati ng 0.9 GRMS Storage 1.3 GRMS Maximum shock (measured with hard drive in head-parked position and a 2-ms half -sine pulse): Operati ng 1[...]

Appendix 137 17 Appendix FCC Notice (U.S. Only) FCC Class B This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not instal led and used in accordan ce with the manufactur er ’s instruction manual, may cause interfer ence with radio and television reception. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the lim[...]

138 Appendix The following information is provided on the device or devices covered in this document in compliance with the FCC r egulations: • P roduct name: Dell™ V ostro™ 1200 • Model number: PP16S • Company name: Dell Inc. W orldwide Regulatory Compliance & Environmental Affairs One Dell W ay Round Rock, TX 78682 USA 512-338-4400 [...]

Appendix 139 Mouse (Non-Optical) 1 T urn the retainer ring on the un derside of your mouse counterclockwis e, and then remove the ball. 2 W ipe the ball with a clean, lint-free cloth. 3 Blow carefully into the ball cage to dislodge d ust and lint. 4 Clean the rollers inside the ball cage with a cotton swab moistened lightly with isopropyl alcohol. [...]

140 Appendix 2 W ith a soft, l int-free cloth, gently wipe the bottom of the disc (the unlabeled side) in a straight line from the ce nter to the outer edge of the disc. F or stubborn dirt, try using water or a diluted solution of water and mild soap. Y ou can al so purchase commercial products that clean discs and provide some protection from dust[...]

Glossary 141 Glossary T erms in this Glossary are provided for informational purposes only and may or may not describe features includ ed with your particular computer . A AC — alternating curr ent — The form of electr icity that powers your computer when you plug the AC adapter power cable in to an electrical outlet. ACP I — advanced configu[...]

142 Glossary Blu-ray Disc ™ (BD) — An optical storage technology offering storage capacity of up to 50 GB, full 1080p video resolution (HDTV requir ed), and as many as 7.1 channels of native, uncompressed surround sound. Bluetooth ® wireless technology — A wireless technology standard for short-range (9 m [29 feet]) networking devices that a[...]

Glossary 143 CD-RW drive — A drive that can read CDs and write to CD-RW (re writable CDs) and CD-R (recor dable CDs) discs. Y ou can wr ite to CD-R W discs multiple times, b ut you can write to CD-R discs only once. CD-RW/D VD drive — A drive, sometimes referred to as a combo drive, that can r ead CDs and D VDs and write to CD-RW (rewritable CD[...]

144 Glossary device driver — See driver . DIMM — dual in-line memory module — A ci rcuit board with memory chips that connects to a memory module on the system boar d. DIN connector — A round, six-pin connect or that conforms to DIN (Deutsche Industrie-Norm) standards; it is typically used to connect PS/2 ke yboard or mouse cable connectors[...]

Glossary 145 DVD + RW dr i v e — drive that can read D VDs and most CD media and write to DV D+RW (rewritable DV Ds ) discs. DVI — digital video interface — A standar d for digital transmission between a computer and a digital video display . E ECC — error checking and correction — A ty pe of memory that includes special circuitry for tes[...]

146 Glossary F F ahrenhe it — A temperature measur ement scale where 32° is the freezi ng point and 212° is the boiling point of water . FBD — fully-buffered DIMM — A DIMM with DDR2 DRAM chips and an Advanced Memory Buffer (AMB) that speeds communication between the DDR2 SDRA M chips and the system. FCC — F ederal Communications Commissio[...]

Glossary 147 H hard drive — A drive that reads and writes data on a har d disk. The terms hard drive and har d disk are often used inte rchangeably . heat sink — A metal plate on some proce ssors that helps dissipate heat. hibernate mode — A power management mode that saves everything in memory to a reserved space on the hard drive and t hen [...]

148 Glossary I/O address — An address in R AM that is associated with a specific device (such as a serial connector , parallel connector , or expansion slot) and allows the processor to communicate with that device. IrD A — Infrared Data Association — The organizat ion that cr eates international standards fo r infrared communications. IRQ ?[...]

Glossary 149 M Mb — megabit — A measur ement of memory chip capacity that equals 1024 Kb. Mbps — megabits per second — One million bits per second. This measurement is typically used for transmission speeds for networks and modems. MB — megabyte — A measur ement of data storage that equals 1,048,576 bytes. 1 MB equals 1024 KB. When used[...]

150 Glossary N network adapter — A chip that provides netw ork capabilities. A computer may include a network adapter on its system board, or it may contain a PC Card with an adapter on it. A network adapter is also referred to as a NIC (network interface controller). NIC — See ne twork adapter . notification area — The section of the W indow[...]

Glossary 151 PCMCIA — P ersonal Computer Memory Card International Association — The organ ization that establishes standar ds for PC Cards. PIO — programmed input/output — A method of transferring data between two devices through the processor as part of the data path. pixel — A single point on a display screen. Pix els are arranged in r[...]

152 Glossary read-only — Data and/or files you can view but cannot edit or delete. A file can have read-only status if: • It r esides on a physically write- protected flo ppy disk, CD, or D VD. • It is located on a network in a directory and the system adm inistrator has assigned rights on ly to specific indiv iduals. refresh rate — T he fr[...]

Glossary 153 SDR AM — synchronous dynamic random-access memory — A type of DRAM that is synchronized with the optimal clock speed of the processor . serial connector — An I/O port often used to connect devices such as a handheld digital device or digital camera to your computer . Service T a g — A bar code label on your computer that identi[...]

154 Glossary The number of colors and resolution that a program displays depends on the capabilities of the monitor , the video controller and its drivers, and the amount of video memory installed in the computer . S-video TV -out — A connector used to attach a TV or digital audio device to the computer . SXGA — super -extended graphics array ?[...]

Glossary 155 systems typically provide surge suppression and may also provide voltage regulation. Small UPS systems provide battery power fo r a few minutes to enable you to shut down your computer . USB — universal serial bus — A hardware interface for a low-speed device such as a USB-compatible keyboar d, mouse, joystick , scanner , set of sp[...]

156 Glossary expectin g to find the operating system. If the computer is infected , the boot virus may replicate itself onto all the floppy disks that are read or written in that computer until the virus is eradicated. V — volt — The measurement of electric potential or electromotive force. One V appears across a resistance of 1 ohm when a curr[...]

Glossary 157 Zip — A popular data compression format. Fi les that have been compr essed with the Zip format are called Zip files and usually have a filename extension of .zip . A spec ial kind of zipped file is a self-e xtracting file, which has a filename e xtension of .exe . Y ou can unzip a self -extracting file by double-clicking it. Zip driv[...]

158 Glossary book.book Page 158 Wedn esday, December 12, 2007 10: 32 AM[...]

Index 159 Index A air vents description, 2 5 B battery charging, 3 5 checking the charge, 3 2 performance, 3 1 power meter , 3 2 problems, 8 5 re mo v i n g , 3 6 storing, 3 7 blanks ExpressCards, 6 4 re mo v i n g , 6 5 boot sequence, 102 brightness adjusting, 4 3 C carnet, 120 CDs, 51 operating system , 1 6 playing, 4 9 cleaning touch pad, 1 3 9 [...]

160 Index descript ion, 2 9 device status lights descript ion, 2 2 diagnostic lights , 73 diagnostics lights, 7 3 display adjusting brightness, 4 3 descript ion, 2 0 dual dis play operation, 4 5 primary and secondary , 4 6 switching the vide o image, 4 3 documentation End User License Agreement, 1 2 ergonomics , 1 2 online, 1 4 P roduct Information[...]

Index 161 Internet problems, 8 5 Internet Connection F irewall, 61 IRQ conflicts, 78, 110 K key b oa rd numeric keypad, 3 9 shortcuts, 4 0 keyboar d status lights description, 2 0 key p ad numeric, 3 9 L labels Microsoft W indows, 1 3 Service T ag, 1 3 lights back of computer , 7 3 diagnostic, 7 3 lost computer , 70 M memory problems, 9 0 messages [...]

162 Index PC Restor e, 113 phone numbers, 129 playing CDs, 49 playing D VDs, 49 power hiber nate mode, 3 4 problems, 91 standby mode, 3 3 power button descript ion, 2 2 power light, 97 conditions, 9 1 printer problems, 92 problems battery , 8 5 blue screen, 8 9 computer crashes, 8 8 - 8 9 computer stops responding, 8 8 conflicts, 7 8 , 1 1 0 diagno[...]

Index 163 Starting the Dell Diagnostics F rom the Drivers and Utilities CD, 81 stolen computer , 70 support contacting Dell, 1 2 9 support websit e, 14 System Restore , 110-111 system setu p program commonly used option s, 1 0 2 purpose, 1 0 1 screens, 1 0 2 viewing, 1 0 2 T telephone numb ers, 129 touch pad, 41 cleaning, 1 3 9 customizing, 4 2 tra[...]

164 Index book.book Page 164 Wedn esday, December 12, 2007 10: 32 AM[...]