Pioneer MEP-7000 Bedienungsanleitung

Operating Instructions MUL TI ENTER T AINMENT PLA YER MEP-7000 http://www.prodjnet.com/support/ The P ioneer website listed above provides answers to frequently asked questions, information about software, and other up-to -date data of assistance to our customers. MEP-7000_KU_ EN.book 1 ページ ２００８ 年８月１日　金曜日　 午前?[...]

2 En The exclamation point within an equilateral triangle is intended to alert the user to the presence of important operating and maintenance (servicing) instructions in the literature accompanying the appliance. The lightning flash with arrowhead symbol, within an equilateral triangle, is intended to alert the user to the presence of uninsulated [...]

3 En Operating Environment Operating environment temperature and humidity : +5 ºC – +35 ºC (+41 ºF – +95 ºF); less than 85 %RH (cooling vents not blocked) Do not install this unit in a poorly ventilated area, or in locations exposed to high humidity or direct sunlight (or strong artificial light) D3-4-2-1-7c_A_En If the AC plug of this unit[...]

CONTENTS 4 En CONTENTS FEATURES .................. ..................................... .............5 SPECIFICATIONS ........ ..................................... ............. 9 COMFIRM ACCESSORIES .......................... .................10 REGARDING PLAYABLE DISCS AN D FILES ...............11 TYPES OF DISCS PLAYABLE ON THIS UNIT ..........[...]

FEATURES 5 En English FEATURES This unit is a multi entertainment player designed with a wide array of performanc e functions for partie s an d events, together with superb operation char acteristics, making it ideal for prof essional mobile DJ use. Allowing both normal type and manipulator type playi ng, it represents optimal support for the ne xt[...]

FEATURES 6 En TRACK SEARCH CUE/LOOP EJECT TIME A.CUE IN/CUE HOT LOOP LOOP RELOOP/EXIT PITCH BEND BROWSE MIX EFFECT UTILITY MT 0 MASTER TEMPO TEMPO 6/10/16WIDE OUT/ADJUST FWD TEMPO REV MEMORY CALL SEARCH QUE J O G B R E A K S C R A T C H TRACK SEARCH CUE/LOOP EJECT TIME A.CUE IN/CUE HOT LOOP LOOP RELOOP/EXIT PITCH BEND MT 0 MASTER TEMPO TEMPO 6/10/1[...]

FEATURES 7 En English DIVERSE MEDIA PLAYBA CK SUPPORT Supports playback of CD- R/-RW discs formatted for music CD (CD-DA) or CD graphics (CD-G), as well as compressed music files (MP3/AAC) recorded on CD-R/-RW , DVD-R/-R W, DVD+R/+RW, or DVD±R dual layer discs (some disc s may no t play properly due to unique characteristics of the indi vidual dis[...]

FEATURES 8 En CD-G KARAOKE CD-G discs can be played for easy karaoke performances. The karaoke image can also be output to large external monitor s. TEMPO CONTROL High-performance 60 mm slider allows free modification of track speed. The digital readout in units of 0.02 % (±6 % r ange only) makes possible more accurate and si mpler tempo synchroni[...]

SPECIFICATIONS 9 En English SPECIFICATIONS 1 Gener al Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MEP-7000 Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Multi entertainment player Normal style Power voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 120 V, 60Hz Power consumpti[...]

COMFIRM ACCESSORIES 10 En COMFIRM ACCESSORIES Confirm that all furnis hed accessories are present. Audio cable s (x 2) Control cords (x 2) Dedicated remote control cable USB cable USB auxi liary pow er cable Power cord Forced ejec tion pin DJS: 1 Set Operating Instructions (this manual) Warranty card CAUTION CD-ROM DJS installation key sticker MEP-[...]

REGARDING PLAYABLE DISCS AND FILES 11 En English REGARDING PLAYABLE DISCS AND FILES TYPES OF DISCS PLAYABLE ON THIS UNIT • P layable discs will displ ay one of the following l o go marks on the disc label, packaging, or jacket:  About disc playback This unit can play CD-R/CD-RW discs recorded in music CD (CD- DA) or CD graphics (CD -G) format,[...]

REGARDING PLAYABLE DISCS AND FILES 12 En ABOUT MP3/AAC DISC PLAYBACK This unit can play compressed musi c files (MP3/AAC) recorded on CD-R/-RW, DVD-R/-RW, DVD+R/+RW, and DVD±R dual layer media. • Startup time wi ll increases as the number of folders and files increases. ABOUT PLAYBACK FROM USB STORAGE DEVICE By connecting a USB storage device to[...]

REGARDING PLAYABLE DISCS AND FILES 13 En English ABOUT MP3 FILES MP3 files m ay be found in tw o types, thos e with Consta nt Bit Rate (CBR ), and those w ith Variable Bi t Rate (VBR) . This player su pports playback and DJ play o f both CBR and VBR type files, but VBR files may exhibit slower performance when using search and supe r f ast search f[...]

REGARDING PLAYABLE DISCS AND FILES 14 En ABOUT WAV FILES This unit supports WAV files subject to the following formats: *1 In order to display charac ters written in a local code o ther than Unicode, the UTILITY function must be used to set the langu age. ABOUT AI FF FILES This unit supports AIFF files subject to the following formats: *1 In order [...]

INSTALLATION GUIDELINES 15 En English INSTALLATION GUIDELINES • Placing and using the player fo r long periods on heat-gen erating sources such as amplifiers or ne ar spotli ghts, etc. will affect product performance. Avoid pla cing the player on heat- generating sources. • Install this player as far as possible away from tuners an d TV sets. A[...]

CONNECTIONS 16 En CONNECTIONS Whenever connecting or disconnecting c omponents, be sure to firs t turn off the pow er and disconnect the power cord fr om its out let first. Damage to th e unit may result if connecti ons are modified whil e power is supplied. NORMAL STYL E CONNECTIONS 1. System connections Use the provided dedicated remote control c[...]

CONNECTIONS 17 En English 3. Connection to external monitor (pin-jack connector) Use these connections when you wish to ou tput the center displa y images to a large screen, or when using CD-G Kar aoke. After connecting this unit to the ex ternal monitor, the unit’s setti ngs must be change d (see the item “MONITOR OUT” in the topic “[1] DI[...]

CONNECTIONS 18 En 5. Connecting a computer Make these connections in order to use the accessory DJS or other DJ software program . 6. Connecting the power cord When all other connections have been completed, connect one end of the accessory po wer cord to the AC IN jack on the rear side of the drive unit, and the other end to a nor mal AC power out[...]

CONNECTIONS 19 En English MANIPULATOR STYLE CONNECTIONS These connections should be used when you wish to operate the ac cessory DJS or other DJ software without connecting the drive u nit. Use the accessory USB auxiliary power cable and the normal USB cabl e to connect the control unit to th e computer (connect the U SB auxiliary power cable fir s[...]

PARTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS 20 En PARTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS FRONT PANEL Drive Un it 1 Forced eject hole ( P. 24) 2 Disc loading slot (P. 24) 3E J E C T (  ) button To eject a disc from the disc loading slot , press this b utton during the cu e standby or pause mode, or when no tracks are being loaded from the disc. 4 POWER switch and indicator Tur[...]

PARTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS 21 En English 4 Time mode/auto cue button (TIME/ A.CUE) TIME: Each time the button is pr essed, the display’s time display alternates between the current track’s elapsed playing time, and the remaining time (REMAIN). A.CUE: (P. 37) 5 TRACK SEARCH (  ,  ) buttons (P. 35) 6 SEARCH (  ,  ) buttons (P. 34) 7 CU[...]

PARTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS 22 En Center Display 1 Main menu display The center display’s menus are ch anged by using the BROWSE button, MI X button, EFFECT button, and UTILITY button. The func tion buttons, select up (  )/down(  ) buttons, LOAD A/B button s, and the rotary selector dial are u sed to manipulate the con tents of each menu. BRO[...]

PARTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS 23 En English REAR PANEL Drive Unit 1 AC inlet (AC IN) Use the su pplied power cord to co nnect this in let to a household AC outlet. 2 PC connector: USB por t (type B) Use the supplied USB cable to co nnect this port to a computer. 3 USB1 port (ty pe A) Use to connect a USB storage device or USB keyboard. 4 Digital output[...]

HANDLING DISCS AND OTHER MEDIA 24 En HANDLING DISCS AND OTHER MEDIA LOADING AND REMOVING DISCS 1 Set the drive uni t’s front panel POWER switch to ON. 2 Insert a disc. • Insert th e disc flat with the label surface upright. • Only one disc can be loaded at a time. Do not attempt to insert two discs together, or to insert a second disc when on[...]

HANDLING DISCS AND OTHER MEDIA 25 En English WRITING MANAGEMENT DATA TO A USB STORAGE DEVICE When this unit is used with a USB storage device to play music, various man agement data files are crea ted within th e storage device. The management da ta are of the following three types, and stored within the hidden direct ory named “PIONEER” (in HF[...]

HANDLING DISCS AND OTHER MEDIA 26 En  To disconnect a USB storage devi ce 1 Hold the STOP butto n pressed for two seco nd or more. 2 Confirm that the indicator goes out. Confirm on the front panel th at the red indicator for the connected port has ch ange from flashing to off . 3 Disconnect the USB storage device. CAUTION Depending on the device[...]

START PLAYBACK (Using normal connections) 27 En English START PLAYBACK (Using normal connections) Using the MEP-7000, tra ck selection can be pe rforme d on the center display from up to six kin ds of music source, including two discs, two USB storage devices, a person al comp uter (DJ soft ware), and playlists. The buttons need ed for selecting ea[...]

START PLAYBACK (Using normal connections) 28 En  Browse icons These icons indicate the types of items displayed in the browse window. FILE BROWSING AND LIBRARY BROWSING This unit can display the as-writ ten structure o f file and folder contents for discs and USB storag e devices, and allow the user to browse the contents. This manne r of displa[...]

START PLAYBACK (Using normal connections) 29 En English SELECT THE TRACK 1 Press the BROWSE button. The BROWSE screen will appear. 2 Prepare the so urce you wish to play. For discs Load the disc into either Drive 1 or Drive 2. For USB storage devices Insert the USB storage device in to either port USB1 or USB2. For DJS Connect your computer to the [...]

START PLAYBACK (Using normal connections) 30 En M3U FILE The MEP-7000 supports files in the m3u format. Files with th e extension m3u are tr eated the same as folders; when selected with the cursor, the re corded tracks are shown on th e contents display in th e form of a playlist. TRACK SELECTION WITH A USB KEYBOARD By attaching a keyboard, tr ack[...]

START PLAYBACK (Using normal connections) 31 En English  Move cursor to lower level. Inputs same char acter as last input, and moves to next input position.  Move cursor to higher level. [Char input mo de] Deletes last cha racter (deletes final character but does not leave curr ent mode). Back Space [Char in put mode] Delet es last characte r[...]

START PLAYBACK (Using normal connections) 32 En USING THE PLAYLIST This unit allows the u ser to prerecord desired tracks in a playlist, thus allowing quick track selection even when u sing large- capacity discs and USB storage devices. Up to 20 playlists can be construc ted, and each playlist can rec ord up to 150 tracks from multiple USB storage [...]

START PLAYBACK (Using normal connections) 33 En English  Changing the playlist’s track orde r 1 Select the track you wish to m ove from the playlist. 2 Press the rotary selector dial. • A m enu will appea r in the right wi ndow. 3 Turn the rotary selector dial t o select [MOVE TRACK], then press the rotary selector dial. • A y ellow line w[...]

BASIC CONTROLLER OPERATIONS 34 En BASIC CONTROLLER OPERATIONS When the center display is used to select a track and th e LOAD A button is pressed to load the trac k, subsequent play op erations are performed with controller A (if LOAD B button is pressed, the track will be loaded into controller B). When a disc is inserted, Au to Play will function[...]

BASIC CONTROLLER OPERATIONS 35 En English TRACK SKIP  Using the TRACK SEARCH (  ,  ) buttons Press one of the TRACK SEARCH (  ,  ) buttons • Each time the button is pressed, the pla yer will skip to the beginning of the next track i n the direction indicated by the button. (To skip to the beginni ng of the tr ac k preceding the cur[...]

BASIC CONTROLLER OPERATIONS 36 En CHANGING THE PLAY SPEED  Tempo adjustment Slide the TEMPO adjust slider forward or back. When moved toward the front (+), the tempo becomes faster, and when moved away fro m you toward the rear (–), the tempo becomes slower. • The amount (%) of tempo change is show n in the display. • The tempo o f the pie[...]

BASIC CONTROLLER OPERATIONS 37 En English AUTO CUE FUNCTION When a trac k is first loaded or t rack search is pe rformed, this function aut omatically s ets a cu e po int immediately before the point th at music be gins, and t hen sets the player to cue s tandby at that point. Turning Auto Cue O N/OFF • The auto cu e function can be tu rned ON/OF[...]

ADVANCED OPERATIONS SECTION 38 En ADVANCED OPERATIONS SECTION LOOP PLAY  Create a loop. 1 Press the p lay/pause (  ) button to start playback. 2 During playback, press the IN/CUE/HOT LOOP button at the point you wish to designate as th e “loop-in” point. This step is unnecessary in the event you have a previo usly recorded cue point you w[...]

ADVANCED OPERATIONS SECTION 39 En English  To delete a cue point or loop information from memory 1 Press the CUE/LOOP CALL button. When t he CUE/LOOP CALL button is pressed, the cue point or loop informatio n is called up, a nd the unit enters the s tandby mode at the cue or loop-in po int. 2 At the cue or loop poin t you wish to delete, hold th[...]

ADVANCED OPERATIONS SECTION 40 En About SCRATCH For more information, re fer to the item “SCRATCH PLAY”. About TRANS This produces an effect l ike temp orarily muting the sound with the mixer’s cross fader. In linka ge with the effect, the ball on the screen flashes while rotating. About BUBBLE This effect simulates the bubble sc ratch techni[...]

ADVANCED OPERATIONS SECTION 41 En English [2] Jog break effect When jog m ode is set to [ JOG BREAK ], the screen on the controller side switches to jog break effect mode. 1 During playback, press one of the function buttons [JET/ ROLL/WAH]. • The selected effect is shown in the center display, an d the respective effect is changed in r esponse t[...]

ADVANCED OPERATIONS SECTION 42 En About WAH This function applies a f ilter that changes the cutoff frequency in response to the rotation o f the jog dial. In linkage to the effect, the WAH image animation is displayed (the line slides right-left in resp onse to the rotation direction of the jog dial). [3] Effec t off When jog mode is set to OFF (n[...]

ADVANCED OPERATIONS SECTION 43 En English  BPM SYNC Sets the BPM SYNC ON/OFF. When BPM SY NC is set to ON, the tempo of th e next track is automatically adjusted to match the BPM of the currently playing tr ack.  MIX mode select CUT-IN Playback of the currently pl ay ing track stops and switches instantly to th e next track. ZIP The pitch of [...]

ADVANCED OPERATIONS SECTION 44 En  Automatic Playlist Playback This function allows previously select ed p l a y l i s t t o b e s e l e c t e d a n d automatic pl ayback to commence in the order by which the tracks are recorded, alternating between controllers A and B. 1 Press the MIX but ton. The MIX screen appears in the center display. 2 Rot[...]

ABOUT DJS SOFTWARE 45 En English ABOUT DJS SOFTWARE Pioneer DJS is a sof tware program that allo ws the use of MP3 files to control DJ play from a compu ter. Load the pr ogram into yo ur computer from the supplied CD-ROM disc. SOFTWARE END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT This Software End User License Agreement (“Agreement”) is between you (both the ind[...]

ABOUT DJS SOFTWARE 46 En 6.4 No Assignment. You may not assign, sell, transfer, delegate or othe rwise dispose of this Agreement or any rights or o bligations under it, whether voluntarily or involuntarily, by operation of law or oth erwise, without Pioneer’s prior writte n consent. Any purported assignment, transfer or delega tion by You will be[...]

ABOUT DJS SOFTWARE 47 En English INSTALLING DJS SOFTWARE  Precautions regarding installation • Before installing DJS, plea se read the “SOFTWARE END USER LICENSE AGREEMEN T” and “SYS TEM REQUIREMENTS (Minimum Operating Environment)”. • DJS is su pported by the followin g Microsoft ® Windows ® versions: Windows Vista ® Home Basic W[...]

ABOUT DJS SOFTWARE 48 En 3 When the screen for selecting the language appears, select [English], then click on [OK]. • Depen ding on your computer operating environment, more than one language may be a vailable. • When you click on the [ OK ] button, the [ Preparing to install DJS... ] message will appear. When preparations are completed, the [[...]

ABOUT DJS SOFTWARE 49 En English REGARDING ONLINE SUPPORT Before making direct enquir ies regarding DJS op erating procedures and other technical matters, please read the DJS user’s manu al furnished on t he accessory CD-ROM, to gether with the FAQ section on the DJS support website.  See the DJS u ser’s manual for in formation regardi ng ho[...]

ABOUT THE DRIVER PROGRAM 50 En ABOUT THE DRIVER PROGRAM This unit is designed to control Pioneer DJS a nd other DJ software when co nnected to a computer. Wh en connecting this unit to a Windows computer for use with DJ software, the software dr iver program must first be loaded into the computer. SOFTWARE END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT When installing[...]

ABOUT THE DRIVER PROGRAM 51 En English 7 Follow the instructions th at appear on the screen. •I f t h e [ Windows Se curity ] screen appears during installation, clic k on [ Install this driver software an yway ] to continue the installation process. <For Windows XP> •I f t h e [ Hardware Installation ] screen appears during installation,[...]

ABOUT THE DRIVER PROGRAM 52 En •I f t h e [ Hardware Installation ] screen appears during installation, click on [ Continue Anyway ] to continue the installation process. <For Windows 2000> •I f t h e [ Digital Si gnature Not Found ] screen appears during installation, click on the [ Yes ] button to continue the installation process.  [...]

USING DJ SOFTWARE 53 En English USING DJ SOFTWARE By loading the accessory DJS sof tware or anot her DJ software to a com puter connected to this player via USB cable, the player c an b e used to operate the DJ software program. Supported DJ softwares Two Styles of Pl ay This player can be connected to a computer using either of the methods shown b[...]

USING DJ SOFTWARE 54 En PREPARING YOUR DJ SOFTWARE PROGRAM Before using y our DJ software program, you must prepar e your compute r and the DJ software. Do not con nect the MEP-7000 to your computer until you have loaded the software driver! CONTROLLING YOUR COMPUTER USING THE DEDICATED COMMUNICATIONS PROTOCOL The MEP-7000 can be used to co ntrol n[...]

USING DJ SOFTWARE 55 En English 4 Select [PC] on the BRO WSE screen. Once the DJ software star ts, the center display’s BROWSE screen will show the computer control status, a llowing the rotary selector dial, select up (  ) and down (  ) buttons to be used to operate the DJ softwar e. For DJS: The center display will show the DJS BRO WSE sc[...]

USING DJ SOFTWARE 56 En For DJS: Control can be perform ed while viewing the center display’s BROWSE, MIX, and EFFECT screens. For details of actual operation, consult the chapte r on “Mani pulator Style” operation of the MEP-7000 DJS Control Gu ide (PDF file on accessory CD-ROM). USING MIDI FOR COMPUTER CO NTROL MIDI (Musical Instrum ent Dig[...]

USING DJ SOFTWARE 57 En English At the same time, the display A/B displays “ PC ”. 6 Use the controller to operate the DJ software. Use the various buttons, jog dial, and TEMPO adjust slider to operate the DJ software. 7 To switch to playback of disc or tracks on USB storag e device While controller A (or B) is cont rolling the computer, if a t[...]

USING DJ SOFTWARE 58 En MIDI MESSAGE TABLE Interface N ame Interface Type Message Comments MSB Controller A JOG DIAL General Purpose Controller Bn 10 dd Linear value with respect to speeds from stop to 4x, 64 at stop; FWD direction: 65 (0.06x) to 127 (x4); REV direction: 63 (0.06x) to 0 (4x). TEMPO ADJUST SLIDER VR Bn 1D dd 0 to 127 0 at – side, [...]

USING DJ SOFTWARE 59 En English • n = channel number • Messages with gray overlay are output only when unit is connected to computer in ma nipulator style, with the exception that they are not output when the UTILITY screen is displayed. Center di splay section ROTARY SE LECTOR DIAL General Purpose Controller Bn 4F dd 98 to 127, 1 to 30 (± 1 t[...]

ENJOYING CD-G KARAOKE 60 En ENJOYING CD-G KARAOKE The MEP-7000 can playback CD-G discs a nd output images to an external mo nitor (MONITOR OUT) for Karaoke play. SELECT CD-G PLAY MODE T o p l a y a C D - G d i s c , i t i s n e c e s s a r y t o u s e t h e U T I L I T Y s c r e e n t o s e t the CD-G play mode. 1 Press the UTILITY but ton. 2 Press[...]

USING THE UTILITY 61 En English USING THE UTILITY When the UTILITY button is pressed, the UTILITY screen ap pears, allowing setting of various device parameters, creation of libraries, and backup of user data. SETTING METHOD 1 Use the function butto ns to select th e item you wish to set [DISPLAY/CD-G/PC/ BROWSE/LANGUAGE/GENERAL]. 2 Rotate the rota[...]

USING THE UTILITY 62 En [4] BROW SE Allows s etting of the browse type a nd creation of libraries. *2 See P. 63 “CREATING LIBRARIES”.  Setting the browse type The browse type can be selected, and each USB storage device set regarding whether to u se created libraries. [5] LANG UAGE Set the language to be used. [6] GENERA L Allows maki ng LOA[...]

USING THE UTILITY 63 En English CREATING LIBRARIES This unit supports the c reation of libraries for large-cap acity USB storage devices, thus allowing ca tegorizing numerous track s by album name, artist name, and genr e, and facilitating smooth track selection. Library creation, updating, and de l etion are performed with the UTILITY screen. 1 Co[...]

USING THE UTILITY 64 En TO PERFORM A FACTORY RESET All unit settings can be restored to their factory default values by using the UTILITY screen (P. 61). The settings on TIME/REMAIN, A.CUE, and TE MPO range will als o be restored to their factory default values (REMAIN, OFF, 10%). 1 With the power turned OFF, hold the UTILITY button depressed while[...]

TROUBLESHOOTING 65 En English TROUBLESHOOTING If you believe your player is failing to work properly, check the following troubleshooting table for tips. Sometimes simple mi stakes in se tup or operation may appe ar like serious problems. There are also time s when the problem in question may be caused by something els e oth er than your player, an[...]

TROUBLESHOOTING 66 En A large amo unt of noise is generated when playing back a certain disc or discs. Playback halts unexpectedly. • Disc is seriously warped or sc ratched. • Replace with new disc. • Disc is unusually dusty or dirty. • W ipe away dust or dirt from disc. Track won’t load during playback. • LOAD LO CK is set to ON. • U[...]

TROUBLESHOOTING 67 En English • There may be times when MEP-70 00 fails to operate properly as a result of static electr icity or some other form of interferenc e from an outside source. If any such problem occurs, turn off the power to the MEP-7000, wait fo r the currently inserted disc to come to a full stop, and then turn on the power again to[...]

TROUBLESHOOTING 68 En ERROR MESSAGE DISPLAY When MEP-7000 is unable to operate properly, an error c ode is displayed on the display pane l. Check the error code displayed against the following table and take the recommended action to corre ct the error. If an error code other than any of th e error codes li sted in the table below is displayed or i[...]

TROUBLESHOOTING 69 En English SOFTWARE LIMITING CONDITIONS Supported devices Disc media Discs must be recorded in c ompatibility wi th ISO9660 file sy stem. When recorded in UDF file system, the ISO9660 file system must be jointly recorded o r the disc will not be playable. (For deta ils consult the manufactur er of the applicable so ftware.) On a [...]

DISCLAIMER 70 En DISCLAIMER • Pioneer and DJS are trademarks or regist er ed trademarks of the Pioneer Corporation. • Microsoft and Windows are registered tr ademarks of Micro soft Corporation, regist ered in the U.S. and other count ries. Windows’ official name is “Micro soft Windows Operating System”. • Pentium is a registered tradema[...]

300 Allstate P arkway Markham, ON L3R OP2 (905) 479-4411 1 (877) 283-5901 For w arranty information please see the Limited Warranty sheet included with your product. Should this product require service in Canada, please contact a Pioneer Canadian Authorized Dealer to locate the nearest Pio- neer Authorized Service Company in Canada. Alternatively ,[...]