Agilent Technologies AGILENT U2761A manual

Agilent T echnologies Agilent U2761A USB Modular Function/Arbitrary W aveform Generator User’ s Guide[...]

II U2761A User’s Guide Notices © Agilent T echnologies, Inc., 20 08-2009 N o p a r t o f t h i s m a n u a l m a y b e re p r o d u c e d i n any form or by any means (inc luding elec- tronic storage and retrieval or translation into a foreign language) without prior agree- ment and written consen t from Agilent T echnologies, Inc. as governed b[...]

U2761A User’s Guid e III Safety Symbols The following symbols on the instr ument and in the documentation indicate precautions which must be ta ken to mai ntain safe operation of the instrument. Direct curren t (DC) Equipment p rotecte d througho ut by double insu lation or reinforc ed insulation Alternat ing current (AC) Off (supply) Both direct[...]

IV U2761A User’s Guide General Safety Information The following ge neral safety precauti ons must be observed during all phases of operation of th is instrument. Failure to comply with th ese precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere in this manual violates safety standa rds of de sign, manufactu re and inte nded use of the instrument. Agil[...]

U2761A User’s Guid e V Environment Conditions This instrument is desi gned for indoor use and in th e area with low condensation. The table be low shows the general e nvironmental requirements for this instrument. Environment conditions Requirements Operating tempera ture 0 °C to 50 °C Operating humidity 20 to 85% RH non-condensing Storage temp[...]

VI U2761A User’s Guide Regulatory Markings The CE mark is a registered trademark of the European Community . This CE mark shows that the product compl ies with all the r elevant Eur opean Lega l Directiv es. The C-tic k mark is a regist ered tradem ark of the Spec trum Management Agency of Australia. This sign ifies complia nce with the Australia[...]

U2761A User’s Guid e VII W aste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive 2002/96/EC This instrument complies with the WEEE Directive (2002/96/EC) marking requirement. Th is affixed product la bel indicates that you must not discard this electrical/e lectronic produc t in domestic househol d waste. Product Category: With reference to t[...]

VIII U2761A User’s Guide Declaration of Conformity DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY According to EN ISO/IEC 17050-1:2004 Generic exampl e Manufacturer’s Name: Agilent Tec hnologies Micr owave Products (M) Sdn. Bhd Manufacturer’s A ddress: Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Z one, 11900, Bayan Lepas , Penang, Malaysia Declares under sole responsibility that[...]

U2761A User’s Guid e IX Product Regulations Performance Criteria IEC 61326- 1:200 2 / EN 61 326-1: 1997+A 1:1998 + A2:20 01+A3 :200 3 CISPR 11:1 990 / EN 55011: 1990 – Group 1 Class A IEC 6100 0-4-2: 1995 / EN 61000- 4-2:19 95 (ESD 4kV CD, 8kV A D) A IEC 6100 0-4-3: 1995 / EN 61000- 4-3:19 96 (3V/m, 80% AM) A IEC 6100 0-4-4: 1995 / EN 61000- 4-[...]

X U2761A User’s Guide In This Guide… 1G e t t i n g S t a r t e d In this chapter , you prepare your syst em for installation a nd configuration to get started with the U2761A. 2 Features and Functions In this chapter , you will learn about the functions and features offered by the U2761A. 3 Characteristics and Specifications In this chapter , [...]

U2761A User's Guid e XI Contents 1G e t t i n g S t a r t e d 1 Introduction 2 Product at a Glance 3 Product Outlook 3 Product Dimensions 5 Dimensions Without Bumpers 5 Dimensions With Bumpers 6 Standard Purchase Items 7 Inspection and Maintenance 8 Initial Inspection 8 Electrical Check 8 General Maintenance 8 Installation and Configuration 9 [...]

XII U2761A User's Guide Output Frequency 29 Output Amplitude 31 DC Offset V o ltage 33 Output Units 35 Output T ermination 36 Duty Cycle (Square W aves) 38 Symmetry (Ramp W ave) 40 Output Control 41 Set Output Using SCPI Commands 42 Pulse W aveform 45 Pulse Period 45 Pulse Width 46 Pulse Duty Cycle 47 Generate Pulse W aveform Using SCPI Comman[...]

U2761A User's Guid e XIII To S e l e c t P M 61 Carrier W aveform 62 Carrier Frequency 63 Modulating W aveform 64 Modulating W aveform Frequency 64 Phase Deviation 65 Generate PM Using SCPI Commands 65 Frequency -Shift Keying (FSK) Modulation 66 T o Select FSK Modulat ion 66 Carrier W aveform 67 FSK Carrier Frequency 68 FSK “Hop” Frequency[...]

XIV U2761A User's Guide Sweep T rigger Source 83 Set Frequency Sweep Using SCPI Commands 84 Tr i g g e r i n g 85 T rigger Source Choices 85 Internal T riggering 86 Manual T riggering 86 External T riggering 87 T rigger Input Signal 88 T rigger Output Signal 88 Set T riggering Using SCPI Commands 90 Arbitrary W aveforms 91 T o Create and Store[...]

U2761A User’s Guid e XV List of Figures Figure 1-1 55-pin backplane connect or pin configuration 23 Figure 2-1 U2761A soft front panel 28 Figure 2-2 T op panel view of the U2761A 29 Figure 2-3 Panel view of the frequency section 30 Figure 2-4 Panel view of the amplitud e section 32 Figure 2-5 Panel view of the DC offset section 34 Figure 2-6 Pane[...]

XVI U2761A User’s Guide Figure 2-30 T rigger output pulse 88 Figure 2-31 Ramp waveform 91 Figure 2-32 W aveform download in progress 93[...]

U2761A User’s Guid e XVII List of T ables Ta b l e 1-1 Synchronous Simultaneous Inte rface (SSI) connector pin description 23 Ta b l e 2-1 Output functions 26 Ta b l e 2-2 Output frequency range 29 Ta b l e 2-3 Carrier frequency for AM 51 Ta b l e 2-4 Carrier frequency for FM 57 Ta b l e 2-5 Carrier frequency for PM 63 Ta b l e 2-6 Carrier freque[...]

XVIII U2761 A User’s Guide[...]

1 Agilent T echnologies Agilent U2761A USB Modular Function/Arbitrary Waveform Generator User’s Guide 1 Getting Started Introduction 2 Product at a Glance 3 Product Dimensions 5 Standard P urchase Items 7 Inspection and M aintenance 8 Installation an d Configuration 9 This chapter pro vides the introduction of the U2761A that helps y ou get acqua[...]

2 U2761A User’s Guide 1G e t t i n g S t a r t e d Introduction The U27 61A is a 20 MHz USB modular function generator with Arbitrar y wav ef orm and pulse generation capabilities. It can operate as a stan dalone unit or as part of a modular unit when used with t he U2781A USB modular instrument chassis. The U27 61A adopts the late st direct digi[...]

Getting Started 1 U2761A User’s Guid e 3 Product at a Glance Product Outlook To p V i e w Bumpers[...]

4 U2761A User’s Guide 1G e t t i n g S t a r t e d Front V iew Rear V iew USB indica tor Power indicator 10 MHz reference connector T rigger in connector T rigger out connector Output connector Fan V entilation Power inlet USB inlet Fastening hole for USB cable with locki ng mechanism 55-pin backplane connector[...]

Getting Started 1 U2761A User’s Guid e 5 Product Dimensions Dimensions Without Bumpers To p V i e w 105.00 mm 175.00 mm 18.00 mm Front Vi ew 25.00 mm[...]

6 U2761A User’s Guide 1G e t t i n g S t a r t e d Dimensions With Bumpers To p V i e w 117.00 mm 180.00 mm 15.00 mm Front Vi ew 41.00 mm[...]

Getting Started 1 U2761A User’s Guid e 7 Standard Purchase Items V erify the follo w ing items f or the st andard purchase of the U27 61A. If there are any missing or mechanicall y damaged items, cont act the nearest A gilent Sales Off ice. ✔ 12 V , 2 A A C/DC pow er adapter ✔ Powe r c o r d ✔ USB Standard - A to Mini - B inter face cable ?[...]

8 U2761A User’s Guide 1G e t t i n g S t a r t e d Inspection and Maintenance Initial Inspection When y ou receiv e y o ur U27 61A, inspect the unit f o r an y obvious damage such as brok en terminals or crack s, dents, and scratches on the casing t hat ma y occur during shipment. If an y damage is f ound, notify the nearest Agilent Sales Off ice[...]

Getting Started 1 U2761A User’s Guid e 9 Installation and Configuration Installation F ollo w the step - by - step instr uctions sho wn in the f ollo wing f low char t to get st art ed with the preparations and inst allations of y our U27 61A. NOTE Y ou need to install the IVI-COM driv er if you are going to use the U2761A with Agilent VEE Pro, L[...]

10 U2761A User’s Guide 1G e t t i n g S t a r t e d A. Check Y our System Prior to an y installation or conf iguration, please e nsure that yo ur PC meets the fo llo wing minimum system requirements. Processor 1.6 GHz P entium® IV or higher Operating system Windo ws® XP Pr of essional or Home Edition (Service Pack 1 or later), or Windo ws® 200[...]

Getting Started 1 U2761A User’s Guid e 11 B. Install the IO Libraries Suite The IO Libraries Suit e 14.2 or higher is a vailable on the A gilent A utomation - Ready CD that comes with t he standard purchase of the U27 61A. 1 Close all other applications on y our PC, insert t he Agi l e n t Au t o m a ti o n - Ready CD into your CD - ROM driv e, a[...]

12 U2761A User’s Guide 1G e t t i n g S t a r t e d C. Install the Module Driver 1 V erify that y our PC meets the minimum system requirements as stat ed in “A. Check Y our Syst em” on page 10. 2 Inser t the Pr oduct Ref er ence CD - RO M into your CD - RO M drive. 3 The inst aller will automatically launch the Ag ilent Modular Products Insta[...]

Getting Started 1 U2761A User’s Guid e 13 6 Click Install to be g in the in stal l at io n. F oll o w the instr uctions on t he screen t o proceed with t he inst allation. 7 Click Finish when the inst allation has comp leted. D. Install the Agilent Measurement Manager 1 If yo u hav e done “C. Install the Module Driver” on page 12, proceed to [...]

14 U2761A User’s Guide 1G e t t i n g S t a r t e d 6 Click OK to be gi n th e i ns tal la ti on of th e l is te d mi s si ng prerequisites. 7 Once the abov e inst allation has completed, installation of the Measurement Manager sof tware will proceed as normal. 8 The Meas urement Manager InstallShield Wizard dialog will appear . Click Next to be [...]

Getting Started 1 U2761A User’s Guid e 15 E. Connect the Module to Y our PC 1 After the in sta ll at io ns ha ve co m pl e ted , c on ne ct the po w er cor d to the A C/ DC po w er ad ap ter . T he A C/D C p o w er adapter requirements are 100 to 240 V A C, 50/60 Hz, with an output v oltage of +12 VDC. 2 Inser t the DC output plu g from the A C/D[...]

16 U2761A User’s Guide 1G e t t i n g S t a r t e d 5 Select Install the software automatically (Recom mended) and click Next . 6 A warning message will appear on the Hardware Installation windo w . Click Continue Anyway to pr o ce ed wi th the inst allation of the U27 61A.[...]

Getting Started 1 U2761A User’s Guid e 17 7 Click Finish to co m pl e te th e i ns tal la ti on . NOTE If you do not wish to receive simi l ar warning messages in the future, follow the instructions below . • Go to Start > Control Panel and double-click Syste m. • Select the Hardware tab and c lick Driver Signing on the Drivers panel . The[...]

18 U2761A User’s Guide 1G e t t i n g S t a r t e d 8 The Ass ign USB device alias windo w will appear . Each time the U27 61A is plugged in, th is dialog bo x will appear . T o disable t his dialog, select t he Never show this dialog option in the Show this dialog panel and click OK . 9 F or modules other than t he U2300A Series, U2500A Series, [...]

Getting Started 1 U2761A User’s Guid e 19 c Click Ye s to begin the f irmware do wnload. The f ollo wing message bo x will appear indicating t he do wnload in progress. d Y our U27 61A is ready f or use once t he fir mware do wnload has com pleted. F . V erify Y our Module Connection The Agilent Connection Exper t is one of the utilities in the I[...]

20 U2761A User’s Guide 1G e t t i n g S t a r t e d 3 A context menu will appear as sho wn belo w and select Send Commands T o This Ins trument. 4 The Agilent Interactive IO dialog bo x will appear . Click Send & Read to se nd the *IDN? default command. The instr ument’s response should appear in the Instrument Session History panel. 5 If t[...]

Getting Started 1 U2761A User’s Guid e 21 G. Launch Y our Agilent Measurement Manager 1 Double - click the Measurement Manager software icon on y o ur de sk top or g o to Start > All Programs > Agilent > Modular Products > Agilent Measurement Manager to lau nc h th e software. 2 The Measurement Manager welcome screen will appear . NOT[...]

22 U2761A User’s Guide 1G e t t i n g S t a r t e d 3 The Select USB Device dialog bo x will appear displa ying the connected U27 61A de vices. T o star t the application, select a U27 61A device and click OK t o establish the connection. NOTE For more i nformation on how to use the Me asurement Ma nager , refer to the Agilent Measurement Manager[...]

Getting Started 1 U2761A User’s Guid e 23 55-Pin Backplane Connector Pin Configuration The 55 - pin backplane connector is used when the U27 61A module is insert ed into t he U2781A USB modular instrument chassis. For more details, refer to t he A gilent U2781A USB Modular Instrument Chassis User's Guide . Figure 1-1 55-pin backplane connect[...]

24 U2761A User’s Guide 1G e t t i n g S t a r t e d Chassis Installation The L - mount kit is to be inst alled to y our U27 61A module. The f ollo wing instr uctions describe t he simple pr ocedure of inst alling the L - mount kit and your module in the U2781A chassis. 1 Unp a c k t h e L - mount kit from its packaging. 2 Remo ve yo ur U27 61A mo[...]

25 Agilent T echnologies Agilent U2761A USB Modular Functi on/Arbitrary Waveform Generator User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Output Config uration 26 Pulse W aveform 45 Amplitude Modulation (AM) 49 Frequency Modul ation (FM) 55 Phase Modulation (PM) 61 Frequency -Shift Keying (FSK) Modu lation 66 Phase-Shift Keying (PSK) Modul ation 71 Amplit[...]

26 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Output Configuration Introduction This section contains t he inf ormation t o help y ou configure the U27 61A f o r outputting wa v ef orms. Y ou may not need to change some of the paramet ers discussed here, but they are pro v ided so that yo u will ha ve accessibility when needed. Output Function [...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guid e 27 Function Limitation If y ou change to a function where the maxim um frequency is less than t he current function, the frequency will be adjusted to the maximum value f or the new fu nction. F or exam ple, if y ou are currently outputting a 20 MHz sine wa ve a nd th en ch an ge to the Ram p fun c ti[...]

28 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Soft Front Panel Operation The f ollo wing figure sho ws the sof t front panel of the U27 61A. Figure 2-1 U2 761A soft front panel W aveform pattern selection W aveform parameters[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guid e 29 T o select a function, click an y of the functions on the top panel as sho wn belo w . When a function is selected, the button will be illuminated. Figure 2-2 T op panel view of the U2761A Click Arb to o ut pu t th e A rb it r ary wa ve f o rm. Sel e ct other Arbitr ary wa v ef orm choices fr om th[...]

30 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Function Limitations If y ou change to a function where the maxim um frequency is less than t he current function, the frequency will be adjusted to the maximum value f or the new fu nction. F or exam ple, if y ou are currently outputting a 20 MHz sine wa ve a nd th en ch an ge to the Ram p fun c ti[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guid e 31 Remote Interface Operation FREQuency <frequency> Y ou can also use the APPLy comm a nd to s el ec t the fu nc ti on , frequency , amplitude, and offset. Output Amplitude The def ault amplit ude is 1 Vpp (into 50 Ω ) f or all functions . Offset V oltage Limitations The relation betw een the o[...]

32 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Limits Due to Units Selection In some cases, th e am plitude limits are deter mined by the output units selected. This m a y occur when t he units are V rms or dBm due t o the dif f erences in crest fac tor for the various output functions. F or ex ampl e, if y ou output a 2.5 V rms Square wav e (in[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guid e 33 Remote Interface Operation VOLTage <amplitude> Or , you can set the amplitude b y specifying a high lev el and lo w lev el using the follo wing commands. VOLTage:HIGH <voltage> VOLTage:LOW <voltage> Y ou can also use the APPLy comm a nd to s el ec t the fu nc ti on , frequency , a[...]

34 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Soft Front Panel Operation On the Of fset panel as sho wn in Figu r e 2- 5 , input the desired offset value and select t he unit from the drop do wn list. Figure 2-5 Panel view of the DC offset section Remote Interface Operation VOLTage:OFFSet <offset> Or , you can set the offset by specifying[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guid e 35 Output Units This configuration applies to output amplitude only . A t po w er - on, the units f or output ampl itude are v olts peak - to - peak. • The output units consist of Vpp, V r ms, or dBm. The default unit is Vpp . • The unit setting is st ored in v olatile memor y. The units are set t[...]

36 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Output T ermination This conf iguration applies t o output am plitude and off set v oltage only. The U27 61A has a fixed series output impedance of 50 Ω to the device output connector . If the actual load impedance is dif ferent from the specif ied value, the amplitude and offset lev els will be in[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guid e 37 Soft Front Panel Operation Click T ools and select Wa v e f o r m G e n as shown in the f ollo wing. Figure 2-6 Panel view of the T ools menu Then, select the Outpu t Setup tab , input t he desired load impedance value on the Im pedance Load panel and sel ect the unit from the d rop do wn list, or [...]

38 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Duty Cycle (Square W aves) The duty cycle of a Square wa ve represents the amount of time per cycle that the Square wa ve is at a high le v el (assuming t hat the wav ef orm is not inver ted). Figure 2-7 Square wave duty cycles Ref er to “Pulse W ave f orm” on p a g e 45 fo r t h e i n fo r m a [...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guid e 39 The duty cycle setting does not appl y to a Square wav ef orm used as the modulating wa v ef orm for AM, FM, or PM. A 50% duty cycle is alwa ys used for a modulating Square wa v ef orm. The duty cycle setting applies only to a Square wav ef orm carrie r . Soft Front Panel Operation Aft er selecting[...]

40 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Symmetry (Ramp W ave) This configuration applies to Ram p wave only . Sym metr y represents t he amount of time per cy cle that t he Ramp wa v e is rising (assuming t hat the wav ef orm is not invert ed). Figure 2-9 Ramp wave duty cycles • The symmetr y percentage is s tored in volatile memor y wh[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guid e 41 Remote Interface Operation FUNCtion:RAMP:SYMMetry <percent> The APPLy comm an d a uto ma ti ca l l y s et s th e sy mm etry to 100%. Output Control Y ou can disable or enable th e soft front panel output control. By default, the outp u t i s d i s a b l e d a t p o w e r - on. When enabled, t[...]

42 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Remote Interface Operation OUTPut {0|OFF|1|ON} The APPLy command ov errides the current setting and automatically enables the output control. Set Output Using SCPI Commands The fo llo wing SCPI commands sho w a samp le procedure of generating output. Example 1, To output a DC v oltage -> *CLS ; *[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guid e 43 Example 2, To output a Sine wav e Example 3, To output a Square wav e -> *CLS ; *RST // T o re se t th e U 27 61A to de fa u lt po w er - on stat e, this command can be ignored if t his operation is not required. -> FUNC SIN // Sets t he output to Sine wa ve. -> VOLT 5 VPP // Sets t he out[...]

44 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Example 4, To output a Ramp wav e -> *CLS ; *RST // T o re set th e U2 7 61A to d ef au lt po w er - on state, this command can be ignore d if this operation is not required. -> FUNC RAMP // Sets t he output to Ramp wav e. -> VOLT 5 VPP // Sets t he output am plitude to 5 Vpp. -> FREQ 10[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guid e 45 Pulse W aveform As sho wn belo w , a Pul se wav ef orm consists of a period, a pulse width, a rising edge, and a falling edge. Figure 2-12 Pulse waveform Pulse Period The range of the pulse period is from 200 ns to 2000 s. The default value is 1 ms . The U27 61A will adjusts the pulse width as nece[...]

46 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Pulse Width The pulse width repr esents the time from the 50% threshold of the pulse’s rising edge to the 50% threshold of t he next falling edge. • The range of the pulse width is 40 ns to <2000 s (see restrictions belo w). The def ault pulse widt h is 500 μ s . • The minimum pulse width [...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guid e 47 Pulse Duty Cycle The pulse duty cy cle is defined as: Duty Cycle = 100 × Pulse Width / P eriod where the pulse width represents t he time from the 50% thr es ho ld of the ri s in g e dg e o f the pu ls e to the 50 % threshold of t he next falling edge. • Pulse duty cycle: >0% to <100% (see[...]

48 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Generate Pulse W aveform Using SCPI Commands Example 1 -> *CLS ; *RST // T o re set th e U2 7 61A to d ef au lt po w er - on state, this command can be ignore d if this operation is not required. -> FUNC PULS // Sets t he output to Pulse wa v e. -> VOLT 5 VPP // Sets t he output am plitude [...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guid e 49 Amplitude Modulation (AM) A modulated wav ef orm consists of a car rier wav ef orm and a modulating wa ve f orm. An example of the AM wa v ef orm is sho wn in Figure 2- 14 . In A M, the am plit ud e of the ca rrie r is varied by the inst antaneous v oltage of the modulating wa vef orm. The amount o[...]

50 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Soft Front Panel Operation Click Mod and then select AM as shown in Figure 2- 15 . T o ou tput the AM wav ef orm, co nfigure t he settings for the carrier freque ncy , modulating frequency , dept h, output amplitude, offset voltage, and the de sired wa vef orm. Figure 2-15 Panel view of AM Remote In[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guid e 51 Figure 2-16 Panel view of the Arbitrary wavef orm Remote Interface Operation FUNCtion {SINusoid|SQUare|RAMP|USER} Y ou can also use the APPLy comm a nd to s el ec t the fu nc ti on , frequency , amplitude, and offset. Carrier Frequency The maximum c arrier frequency de pends on the selected functio[...]

52 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Soft Front Panel Operation On the F requency panel as sho wn in Fi gu r e 2- 3 , in put the desired frequency value and select the unit from the drop do wn list. Remote Interface Operation FREQuency <frequency> Y ou can also use the APPLy comm a nd to s el ec t the fu nc ti on , frequency , am[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guid e 53 Modulating W aveform Frequency The range of the modulating wav ef orm frequency is 2 mHz to 20 kHz. The defa ult modulating wavef orm frequency is 100 Hz . Soft Front Panel Operation On the Mod F requency panel as sho wn in Figure 2- 15 , input the desired modulating frequency value and select the [...]

54 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Generate AM Using SCPI Commands Example 1 -> *CLS ; *RST // T o re set th e U2 7 61A to d ef au lt po w er - on state, t his co mmand can be ignore d if this operation is not required. -> AM:STAT ON // Enables AM. -> FUNC SQU // Se ts the ca rri er w a v e f orm to Square wa v e. -> FREQ[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guid e 55 Frequency Modulation (FM) A modulated wav ef orm consists of a car rier wav ef orm and a modulating wa vef orm. Belo w sho ws an exam ple of the FM wa vef orm. In FM, the frequency of the carrier is varied by the inst antaneous voltage of the modulating wav ef orm. The variation in frequen cy of th[...]

56 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Soft Front Panel Operation Click Mod and then select FM as sho wn in Figure 2- 18 . T o output t he FM wav ef orm, conf igure the settings for the carrier frequenc y , outp ut am plitude, offset v oltage, modulating frequency , deviation, and the desired wa vef orm. Figure 2-18 Panel view of FM Remo[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guid e 57 Remote Interface Operation FUNCtion {SINusoid|SQUare|RAMP|USER} Y ou can also use the APPLy comm a nd to s el ec t the fu nc ti on , frequency , amplitude, and offset. Carrier Frequency The maximum c arrier frequency de pends on the selected function as sho wn belo w . The def ault is 1 kHz f or al[...]

58 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Soft Front Panel Operation On the F requency panel as sho wn in Fi gu r e 2- 3 , in put the desired frequency value and select the unit from the drop do wn list. Remote Interface Operation FREQuency <frequency> Y ou can also use the APPLy comm a nd to s el ec t the fu nc ti on , frequency , am[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guid e 59 Modulating W aveform Frequency The range of the modulating wav ef orm frequency is 2 mHz to 20 kHz. The defa ult modulating wavef orm frequency is 100 Hz . Soft Front Panel Operation On the Mod F requency panel as sho wn in Figure 2- 18 , input the desired modulating frequency value and select the [...]

60 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Soft Front Panel Operation On the Deviation panel as sho wn in Figure 2- 18 , input t he desired frequency deviation valu e and select t he unit from the d r op do wn l is t. Remote Interface Operation FM:DEViation <peak deviation in Hz> Generate FM Using SCPI Commands Example 1 -> *CLS ; *[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guid e 61 Phase Modulation (PM) A modulated wav ef orm consists of a car rier wav ef orm and a modulating wa v ef orm. The f ollo wing f igure sho ws an example of a PM wav ef orm. PM is ver y similar to FM, but in PM, t he phase of the mo du la ted wa ve f orm is va ri ed b y the inst antaneous voltage of t[...]

62 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Soft Front Panel Operation Click Mod and then select PM as shown in Figure 2- 20 . T o output t he PM wa v ef orm, conf igure the settings for the carrier frequenc y , outp ut am plitude, offset v oltage, modulating frequenc y , phase deviation, and t he desired wa vef orm. Figure 2-20 Panel view of[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guid e 63 Remote Interface Operation FUNCtion {SINusoid|SQUare|RAMP|USER} Y ou can also use the APPLy comm a nd to s el ec t the fu nc ti on , frequency , amplitude, and offset. Carrier Frequency The maximum c arrier frequency depends o n the function selected as shown belo w . The def ault carrier frequency[...]

64 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Modulating W aveform The modulating wa vef orm consists of Sine, Square, Ramp, Negativ e Ram p (Nramp ), Triang le, or Arbitrary wave f orm. The default wavef orm is Sine wave . • Square has 50% duty cycle • Ramp has 100% symmetry • Triang le has 50% symmetr y • Negativ e Ramp has 0% symmetr[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guid e 65 Phase Deviation The phase devia tion setting repr esents the peak variation in pha se o f th e m od ul ate d wa vef orm f r om the ca rrie r wa vef orm. The phase deviation setting can be set from 0 to 360 ° . The default phase deviation setting is 180 ° . Soft Front Panel Operation On the Phase [...]

66 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Frequency -Shift Keying (FSK) Modulation FS K is si mi la r to FM ex cept tha t th e f req u en cy al terna te s betw een tw o preset values. Y ou can configure the U2761 A to “shift” its output frequency between tw o preset values using FSK modulation. An example of the FSK modulation wa vef or[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guid e 67 Soft Front Panel Operation Click Mod and select FSK as sho wn in Figure 2- 22 . T o ou tput the FSK wavef orm, conf igure th e settings for the carrier frequenc y , outp ut am plitude, offset v oltage, “hop frequency”, and FSK rate. Figure 2-22 Panel view of FSK Remote Interface Operation FSKey[...]

68 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Remote Interface Operation FUNCtion {SINusoid|SQUare|RAMP|USER} Y ou can also use the APPLy comm a nd to s el ec t the fu nc ti on , frequency , amplitude, and offset. FSK Carrier Frequency The maximum c arrier frequency depends o n the function selected as shown belo w . The def ault carrier freque[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guid e 69 FSK “Hop” Frequency The maximum alternate (or “hop”) frequency depends on the function selected as sho wn belo w . The defau lt “hop” frequency is 100 Hz f or all functions . Only Square wa v e with a 50% duty cycle is a vailable for the Internal FSK modulating wa v ef orm. Soft Front P[...]

70 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions FSK Rate The FSK rate is the rat e at which the output frequency “shif ts” betw een the car rier frequency and the hop frequency. • The range of the FSK rat e is 2 mHz to 100 kHz. The default FSK r ate value is 10 Hz . Soft Front Panel Operation On the FSK Rate panel as shown in Figure 2- 22 ,[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guid e 71 Phase-Shift Keying (PSK) Modulation Phase - shift keying (PSK) is a f orm of digit al modulation in which the phase of t he carrier signal is discretely varied. Y ou can conf igure t he U27 61A t o “shift” its output phase between tw o preset phases using PSK. The rate at which t he output shif[...]

72 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Soft Front Panel Operation Click Mod and then select PS K as sho wn in Figure 2- 24 . T o ou tput the PSK wavef orm, conf igure t he settings for the carrier frequenc y , outp ut am plitude, offset v oltage, deviation, and PSK rate. Figure 2-24 Panel view of PSK Remote Interface Operation PSKey:STAT[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guid e 73 Remote Interface Operation FUNCtion {SINusoid|SQUare|RAMP|USER} Y ou can also use the APPLy comm a nd to s el ec t the fu nc ti on , frequency , amplitude, and offset. PSK Carrier Frequency The maximum c arrier frequency depends o n the function selected as shown belo w . The def ault is 1 kHz f or[...]

74 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions PSK Rate The P SK r a te i s th e r ate at whi c h the ou t pu t p ha se “s hi fts ” betw een tw o preset phases. The range of the PSK rate is 2 mHz to 100 kHz. The default PSK r ate value is 10 Hz. Soft Front Panel Operation On the PS K R ate pa n el as sh o wn in Fig ur e 2- 24 , in put the de[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guid e 75 Generate PSK Modulation Using SCPI Commands Example 1 -> *CLS ; *RST //To re se t th e U 27 61 A to default po wer - on stat e, this command can be ignored if this operation is not require d. -> PSK:STAT ON // Enables PSK modulation. -> FUNC SIN //Se ts th e c a rr i er w a ve f orm to Sin[...]

76 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Amplitude-Shift Keying (ASK) Modulation ASK is a f orm of d igital modulatio n in which the modulati ng signal apply variations in the amplitude of a carrier signal. The amplitude of the carrie r signal varies simultaneou sly with t he modulating signal while phase and frequency remain const ant. In[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guid e 77 Soft Front Panel Operation Click Mod and t hen select ASK as sho wn in Figure 2- 26 . T o output t he ASK wa vef orm, configure t he settings for the carrier frequenc y , outp ut am plitude, offset v oltage, and ASK rat e. Figure 2-26 Panel view of ASK Remote Interface Operation ASKey:STATe {0|OFF|[...]

78 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Remote Interface Operation FUNCtion {SINusoid|SQUare|RAMP|USER} Y ou can also use the APPLy comm a nd to s el ec t the fu nc ti on , frequency , amplitude, and offset. Carrier Frequency The maximum c arrier frequency depends o n the function selected as shown belo w . The def ault is 1 kHz f or all [...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guid e 79 ASK Rate The A SK ra te i s the ra te a t w hi c h th e o ut pu t am p li tu de “shif ts” betw een tw o preset amplitudes. The range of the ASK rate is 2 mHz t o 100 kHz. The def ault ASK r ate value is 10 Hz . Soft Front Panel Operation On the AS K R ate pa ne l as sh o wn in Figure 2- 26 , in[...]

80 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Frequency Sweep In the frequenc y sw eep mode, t he U27 61A “st eps” from the star t frequency t o the stop frequency at a sw eep rate which you specify. Y ou can sweep up or do wn in frequency , and with eit her linear or logarithm ic spacing. Y ou can also configure t he U27 61A t o output a s[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guid e 81 Figure 2-28 Panel view of sweep Remote Interface Operation SWEep:STATe {0|OFF|1|ON} Start Frequency and Stop Frequency The star t frequency and stop frequency sets the upper and lo w er frequency bounds for the sweep. The U27 61A begins at the start f re q ue ncy , s w e ep s to th e s top fr eq ue[...]

82 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Remote Interface Operation FREQuency:STARt <frequency> FREQuency:STOP <frequency> Sweep Mode Y ou can sweep wit h either li near or logarithm ic spacing. F or a linear sw eep, the U27 61A varies the output frequency in a linear fashion during the sweep. F or a logarithmic sweep, the U27 [...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guid e 83 Soft Front Panel Operation On the Sweep Time panel as shown in Figure 2- 28 , input the desired sweep time and select the unit from the drop do wn list. Remote Interface Operation SWEep:TIME <seconds> Sweep T rigger Source In the sweep mode, the U27 61A outputs a single sweep when a trigger s[...]

84 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions T o specify whether t he U27 61A is triggered on t he rising or falling edge of th e signal from the Trig In connector , sele ct Positive for rising edge triggering and Negative for falling edge triggering. Remote Interface Operation TRIGger:SOURce {IMMediate|EXTernal|BUS} Use the f ollo wing comman[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guid e 85 T riggering Applies to sweep only . Y ou can issue triggers for sw eeps using Inter nal (immediate) triggering, External triggering, or Manual (software) triggering. • Inter nal triggering is enabled when y ou turn on the U27 61A. In this mode, t he U27 61A outputs continuousl y when the swee p m[...]

86 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Remote Interface Operation TRIGger:SOURce {IMMediate|EXTernal|BUS} Internal T riggering In the Int ernal trigger mode, the U2761A continuousl y per f orms frequ ency sw eep (as specif ied by the sweep time). This is the defau lt trigger sour ce for both sof t front panel and remote inter face use. S[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guid e 87 Remote Interface Operation TRIGger:SOURce BUS When the BUS source is selected, send the TRIG or *TRG command t o trigger the U2761A. External T riggering In the Ex tern al tr ig ge r mo de, th e U 27 61A a cc ep ts a hardware trigger applied to t he device Trig In connector . The U27 61A initiates [...]

88 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions T rigger Input Signal Figure 2-29 T rigger inpu t pulse The device connecto r is used f or Triggere d Sw eep Mode, refer to “Sweep T rigger Source” on page 83. When t he rising or falling edge of the TTL pulse is re ceiv ed on the Trig In connector , t he U27 61A outputs a sing le sweep, refe r [...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guid e 89 When the Internal (immediate) trigger source is se lected, the U27 61A outputs a Square wa v ef orm with a 50% duty cy cle to the T rig Out connector at the beginning of the sweep. The pe ri od of the Sq u ar e w a v ef orm is eq ua l to the s pe ci fie d sw eep time. When the Manual (software) tri[...]

90 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Set T riggering Using SCPI Commands Example 1 -> *CLS ; *RST / / T o res et th e U 27 61 A to default po wer - on stat e, this com mand can be ignored if t his operation is not required. -> FUNC SIN // Sets the car rier wa vef o rm to Si ne wa ve. -> VOLT 5 VPP // Sets the output amplitude [...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guid e 91 Arbitrary W aveforms There are three built - in Arbitrar y wa ve fo rms of f ered. The U27 61A supports th e Arbitrar y wa v ef orm up to 65536 (64K) dat a points. Y ou can create an Arbitrar y wavef orm using the soft front panel as described in the follo wing. F or fur ther in fo r ma ti o n, pl [...]

92 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions 1 Select t he Arbitrar y wav ef orm function. Click Arb to select t he Arbitrar y function. 2 Set the wavef o rm period. Select Period and use the numeric ke ypad or numeric drop do wn to set t he period for the wa vef o rm. F or ex ampl e, set the period of the wa vef or m to 10 ms. 3 Set the wavef[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guid e 93 6 St art wavef or m editing process. C l i c k t o b e g i n t h e f r e e h a n d d r a w m o d e o r t o enable line dra w mode. T o enable or disabl e the g rid reference, click . Then, star t dra wing the desired wa vef orm. T o edit the wav ef orm, click either t o add line/point(s), to edit p[...]

94 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions 8 Saving the wavef or m. To save t he w avefor m for f utu re use, cl ick . T hen , select Compatible With Intuilink and click . Input the desired file name and click to save the f ile. 9 Exiting the wavef or m editor . T o exit the wavef orm editor , click .[...]

95 Agilent T echnologies Agilent U2761A USB Modular Function/Arbitrary Waveform Generator User’s Guide 3 Characteristics and Specifications Product Characteristics 96 Product Specifications and Characteristics 97 This chapter specif ies the characteristics, environment al conditions, and specif ications of t he U2761A.[...]

96 U2761A User’s Guide 3 Characteristics and Specifications Product Characteristics REMOTE INTERF ACE • Hi-Speed USB 2.0 • USBTMC 488.2 C lass device POWER CONSUMPTION • +12 VDC, 2 A • Isolated EL V power source OPERA TING ENVIRONMENT • Operating temperature from 0 °C to 50 °C • Operating humidity at 20% to 85% RH (non-condensing) ?[...]

Characteristics and Specifications 3 U2761A User’s Guid e 97 Product Specifications and Characteristics W A VEFORMS Standard Sine, Square, Ramp, T riangle, Pulse, DC Built-in ar bitrary Exponential R ise, Exponential Fall, Neg ative Ramp W A VEFORM CHARACTERISTICS Sine Frequency range 1 μ Hz to 20 MHz (1 μ Hz resolution) Amplitude f latness 1 ([...]

98 U2761A User’s Guide 3 Characteristics and Specifications Ramp, T riangle Frequency range 1 μ Hz to 200 kHz (1 μ Hz resolution) Linearity <0.2% of peak output Programmable symmetry 0% to 100% Pulse Frequency range 500 μ Hz to 5 MHz (1 μ Hz resolution) Pulse width (p eriod ≤ 10 s) 40 ns minimum, 10 ns resolution Overshoot <3% Jitter [...]

Characteristics and Specifications 3 U2761A User’s Guid e 99 COMMON CHARACTERISTICS Amplitude Range 40 mVpp to 5 V pp (Into 50 Ω load) 80 mVpp to 10 V pp (Into open circuit) Accuracy 1 (across 50 Ω load at 1 kHz) ±1% of settling ±5 mV ( ± 10 mV @ Hi-Z) Units Vpp, V rms, dBm Resolution 4 digits DC offset Range (peak AC + DC) ± 2.5 V (Into 5 [...]

100 U2761A User’s Guide 3 Characteristics and Specifications MODULA TION AM Carrier waveforms Sine, Square, Ramp, Arbitrary Source Internal Internal modulation Sine, Square, Ra mp, Arbitrary (2 mHz to 20 kHz) Depth 0.0% to 10 0.0% FM Carrier waveforms Sine, Square, Ramp, Arbitrary Source Internal Internal modulation Sine, Square, Ra mp, Arbitrary[...]

Characteristics and Specifications 3 U2761A User’s Guid e 101 1 Add 1/10 th of output amplitude and offs et specification per °C for operation outside the range of 18 °C to 28 °C. 2 DC offs et set to 0 V . 3 T yical spurious output at low ampli tude is –70 dBm. 4 Add 1 ppm/°C (average) for operation outside the range of 18 °C to 28 °C. SW[...]

102 U2761A User’s Guide 3 Characteristics and Specifications[...]

U2761A User’s Guid e 103 Index Index A Accur acy 99 Agilent Automation-Ready CD 7 , 10 , 11 Connection Expert 19 IO Libraries Suite 14.2 10 Measurement Manage r 10 , 15 , 21 , 91 Sales Office 7 , 8 VEE Pro 9 AM 2 , 26 , 40 , 49 , 50 , 52 , 54 , 100 Carrier frequency 51 Carrier waveform 50 , 100 depth 100 Modulating Waveform 52 Modulating waveform[...]

104 U2761A User’s Guide Index L limits amplitude 27 , 33 duty cycle 30 freque ncy 38 function 27 , 30 offset voltage 31 output termination 31 units selection 32 L-Mount kit 7 , 24 O output amplitude 31 , 33 , 35 , 36 , 99 control 41 freque ncy 29 , 99 function 26 SCPI commands 42 sweep 80 , 83 termination 36 units 35 P phase noise 97 PM carrier f[...]

www .agilent.com Agilent T echnologies © Agilent T echnologies, I nc., 2008-2009 Third Edition, January 31, 2009 U2761-9 0000 Contact us T o obtain service, warr anty or technical support assistance, contact us at th e fol- lowing phone numbers: United States: (tel) 800 829 4444 (fax) 800 829 4433 Canada: (tel) 877 894 4414 (fax) 800 746 4866 Chin[...]