Agilent Technologies E8257D PSG manual

User’ s Guide A gilent T echnologies E8257D/ 67D PS G Sign al Gener ators This guide appl ies to the follo wing signal gener ator models: E8257D PSG Analog Signal Ge nerator E8267D PSG V ector Signal Generator Due to ou r con tinuing efforts to improve o ur products through fi rmwa re and har dwar e rev isi ons, si gna l gene rato r de sign and o[...]

ii Notice The material in this document is pro vided “as is,” and is subjec t t o change w it hout n otice in futu re editions. Fur ther , to t he maximum extent per mitted by applicable law , Agilent disclaims all warrant ies, either express or implied w it h regard to th is manual a nd to a n y o f th e Agi le nt p rod uct s to wh ic h i t pe[...]

Contents iii 1. Signal Generator Overv iew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Signal Generator Models an d Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 E8257D PSG Analog Sign al Generator Features . . . . . . [...]

Contents iv 26. Contras t Decrease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 27. Contras t Increase. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 28. Local . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[...]

Contents v 17. 10 MHz EFC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 18. ALC HOLD (Serial Prefixes >=US4722/MY4722) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 19. AUXILIAR Y INTERF ACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [...]

Contents vi Applying a Modulation Format to the RF Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Using Data S torage Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Using the Memory Catalog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[...]

Contents vii 3. Controll ing Markers in a W aveform Sequence (Dual ARB Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 V iewing a Marker Pulse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Using the RF Blanking Mark er Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [...]

Contents viii Analog Modulation W aveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Configuring AM (Option UNT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 T o Set the Carrier Frequenc y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [...]

Contents ix T o Restore the Defau lt Symbol Rate (Cus tom Real T ime I/Q Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 W o rking with Modulation T ypes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 T o Select a Predefined Modulation T ype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[...]

Contents x T o Edit the Multitone Setup T able . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 8 8 T o Minimize Carrier Feedthrou gh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 T o Determine Peak to A verage Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . [...]

Contents xi Cannot T u rn Off Sweep Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 4 8 Incorrect List Sweep Dwell T ime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 4 8 List Sweep Information is Missing from a Recalled Register . . . .[...]

Contents xii[...]

xiii Documentation Overview Installation Guide • S afe t y In fo r m a ti on • Getting Started • Operatio n V erificat ion • Regulatory Inf ormation User’s Guide • Signal Generator Overvie w • Basi c Ope rat ion • Basi c Di gital Oper atio n • Optimiz ing P erf ormance • Analog Modulation • Custom Arb W av eform Generator • [...]

xiv Serv ice Guide • Troubleshooting • Replaceable Parts • Assembly Replacement • Post- Repair Procedur es • S afe t y an d R eg u la t o r y I n for ma ti o n Ke y R e fer en ce • Key function description[...]

Chapter 1 1 1 Signal Generator Overvi ew In the f ollo wing sectio ns, this c hapter descri bes the mode ls, opti ons, and featu res a vailabl e f or Agilent E8257D/67D PSG signal generat ors. The modes of operation, front panel user inter face, and front and rear panel connectors are also described. • “Signal Generator Models and F ea tures”[...]

2 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Signal Generator Models and Fea tures E8257D P SG Analog Signal Gener ator Features The E8257D PSG includes the follo wing st andard features: • CW output f rom 250 kHz to the highest oper ating frequen cy , depen ding on the option • frequ ency reso lutio n to 0 .001 H z • list and step sweep of frequenc[...]

Chapter 1 3 Signal Generator O verview Signal Generator Models and Features require an ext ernal trigger source • adjustable pulse rat e • adjustable pulse period • adjustable pulse width (150 ns minimum) • adjustable pulse delay • selecta ble external pulse triggeri ng: positive or negative Option UN W —nar ro w pulse modulation • ge[...]

4 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Options Opt ions PSG signal generat ors have hardware, fir m ware, sof twar e, and docum ent ation o ptions. The Da ta Sheet s h i p p e d w i t h y o u r s i g n a l g e n e r a t o r p r o v i d e s a n o v e r v i e w o f a v a i l a b l e o p t i o n s . F o r m o r e in f or ma tio n, vi s it the Agi le nt[...]

Chapter 1 5 Signal Generator O verview Modes of Ope ratio n NOTE If t he PS G’ s dyna mic hos t conf igura tion p rot oco l (DH CP) i s enab le d, t he net work assi gns th e instrument an IP address at pow er on. Because of this, when DHCP is enabled, the IP address ma y be different each time y ou turn on th e instrument. DHCP does not affect t[...]

6 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Modes of Oper ation Digita l Modu latio n In this mode, th e signal generat or modulates a CW signal wit h either a real- time I/Q signal or arbitrar y I/Q wavef o rm. I/Q modulation is only available on the E8267D. An inter nal baseband generat or (Opt ion 601/ 602) add s th e follo wing d igit al mo dulati on[...]

Chapter 1 7 Signal Generator O verview Fron t Pan el Front Panel This section descr ibes each item on the PSG front panel. Fi gu re 1- 1 sho ws an E8267D fro nt panel, which includes all items a vailable on the E8257D as well . Figure 1- 1 Stand ard E8267D Fr ont Panel D iagram 1. Disp lay 10. He lp 19. SYN C OUT 28. Loc al 2. Sof tkeys 11. EXT 1 I[...]

8 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Front Panel 1. Display The LCD screen pro vides inf ormat ion on the current func tion. Inf orm ation can include status indicators, frequency and amplitude settings, and error messages. Softkeys labels are located on the right- hand side of t he display. F or more de tail on the front pan el display , see “ [...]

Chapter 1 9 Signal Generator O verview Fron t Pan el 8. T rigger This k ey initiates an immediate trigger event f or a function such as a list, step, or ramp sweep (Option 007 only). Before t his hardk ey can be used to initiate a trigger even t, th e trigger mode must be set to Trigger K ey . F or example: press the Sw eep/List hardk ey , t hen on[...]

10 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Front Panel 12. EXT 2 INPUT This f emale BN C input connector (fun ctional onl y with Option s UNT , UNU, or UNW) acce pts a ± 1V p signal fo r AM, FM, and Φ M. Wit h AM, FM, or Φ M, ± 1V p produces t he indicated dev iation or depth. When ac- coupled inputs are selected for AM, FM, or Φ M and the peak in[...]

Chapter 1 11 Signal Generator O verview Fron t Pan el 18. RF OUTPU T T h i s c o n n e c t o r o u t p u t s R F a n d m i c r o w a v e s i g n a l s . T h e n o m i n a l o u t p u t i m p e d a n c e i s 5 0 o h m s . T h e r e v e r s e - p o w e r d a m a g e l e v e l s a r e 0 V d c , 0 . 5 w a t t s n o m i n a l . O n s i g n a l g e n e r[...]

12 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Front Panel 25. Retu rn Pressing this hardk ey d isplays the previous softk ey menu. It enables y ou to step back through the menus until y ou reach the first menu you selec t ed. 26. Contrast Decrease Pressing this hardke y causes the displa y backg round to darken . 27. Contrast Increase Pressing this hardk [...]

Chapter 1 13 Signal Generator O verview Fron t Pan el • W h e n t h e S Y M B O L S Y N C i t s e l f i s u s e d a s t h e ( s y m b o l ) c l o c k , t h e C M O S f a l l i n g e d g e i s u s e d t o clock the D AT A signal. On sig nal gen erators with O ption 1E M, this conn ector is located on the rear pane l. 34. DA T A CL OCK This f emale[...]

14 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Front Panel Display Front Panel Display Figure 1- 2 sho ws the various reg ions of the PSG disp la y. This section d escribes each region. Figure 1- 2 Front Pan el Display Diagra m 1. Activ e Entr y Area 5. Ampli tude Area 2. Frequency Area 6. Error Message Area 3. Annu nci ator s 7 . Text Area 4. Digi tal Mod[...]

Chapter 1 15 Signal Generator O verview Front Panel Display 1. Active En try Area The current active function is sho wn in this area. For example, if frequency is the active function, the current freq uency setting will be displa yed here. If the current active function has an increment value associated with it, th at value is also displa yed. 2. F[...]

16 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Front Panel Display EXT REF This annunciator appears when an ext ernal frequen cy reference is applied. FM This annunciator (Option UNT only) appears when frequency modulation is turned on. If phase modulation is turned on, the Φ M annunciator will replace FM . I/Q This annunciator (E8267 D only) appears when[...]

Chapter 1 17 Signal Generator O verview Front Panel Display UNLEVEL This annunciator appear s when the signal genera tor is unable t o maintain the cor rect o utput level. Th e UNLEVEL annunciator is not necessarily an indication of instrument failure. Unlev eled conditions can occur during normal operation. A second annuncia tor , ALC OFF , will a[...]

18 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Rear Pane l Rear Panel This section describes each item on the PSG rear panel. F our consecutive dra wings sho w the standard and Option 1EM rear panels for the E8267D an d the E825 7D. (Option 1EM mo ves all front pane l connector s to the real p anel. ) Figure 1- 3 Standard E8267D Rear P anel 1. EVEN T 1 11.[...]

Chapter 1 19 Signal Generator O verview Rear Pane l Figure 1-4 E 8267D Option 1EM Rear Panel 1. EV ENT 1 16. GP IB 31. R F OUT 2. EV ENT 2 17 . 10 MHz EF C 32. E XT 1 3. P ATTERN TRI G IN 18. A LC HOL D (Se ria l Pref ixes >= US472 2/MY 4722) 33. E XT 2 4. BURST GA TE IN 19. A UXILIARY INTER F A CE 34. PULSE SYNC OUT 5. AUXILIARY I /O 2 0. 1 0 M[...]

20 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Rear Pane l Figure 1- 5 Standard E8257D Rear P anel 5 . AU X I LI A RY I / O 1 9 . AU X I LI A R Y I N T ER FACE 2 5. Z- A X I S BL A N K / M K R S 12. COH CARRIER 20. 10 MHz IN 26. SWEEP OUT 15. AC P o wer Receptacle 21. LAN 27 . TRI GGER OUT 16. GPIB 22. 10 MHz O UT 28. T RIGG ER IN 17 . 10 MHz EFC 23. S TOP[...]

Chapter 1 21 Signal Generator O verview Rear Pane l Figure 1-6 E 8257D Option 1EM Rear Panel 5. A UXIL IARY I/O 22. 1 0 MHz OUT 33. EX T 2 12. COH CARRIER 23. STOP SWEEP IN /OUT 34. PULSE SYNC OUT 15. AC P o wer Rece pta cle 25. Z- AXIS BL ANK/MKRS 35. PULSE VIDEO OUT 16. GPIB 26. SWEEP OUT 36. PULSE/TRIG GATE INPUT 17 . 10 MHz EFC 27 . TRIGGER OUT[...]

22 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Rear Pane l 1. EVENT 1 This fem ale BNC connector is used with an intern al baseband generat or (Option 6 01/602). On signal gener ators without Option 601/602 , this f emale BN C conn ector is no n- func tional. In real- time mode, the EVENT 1 connect or outputs a pattern or fr ame synchronization pulse f or [...]

Chapter 1 23 Signal Generator O verview Rear Pane l 5. AUXILIARY I/O T h i s f e m a l e 3 7 -p i n c o n n e c t o r i s a c t i v e o n l y o n i n s t r u m e n t s w i t h a n i n t e r n a l b a s e b a n d g e n e r a t o r (Optio n 601/60 2); on signal gener ato rs wit hou t Opt ion 60 1/602, t his conne ctor is no n- functi onal . This conn[...]

24 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Rear Pane l 6. DIGIT AL BU S This is a pr opriet ar y bus used fo r Agilent Baseba nd Studio products, which require an E8267D with Options 003/004 an d 601/602. This connecto r is not operat ional for general- purpose customer use. Signals are present only when a Baseband Studio option is installed (for detai[...]

Chapter 1 25 Signal Generator O verview Rear Pane l 10. I-b ar OU T T h i s f e m a l e B N C c o n n e c t o r ( E 8 2 6 7 D o n l y ) i s u s e d w i t h a n i n t e r n a l b a s e b a n d g e n e r a t o r (Option 601/602) t o output the complement of the analog, in- phase com ponent of I/Q modulation. On sign al gene rators witho ut Optio n 60[...]

26 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Rear Pane l 14. Q-ba r OUT T h i s f e m a l e B N C c o n n e c t o r ( E 8 2 6 7 D o n l y ) c a n b e u s e d w i t h a n i n t e r n a l b a s e b a n d g e n e r a t o r (Option 601/602) t o output th e complement of the analog, quadrature- phase component of I/Q m o d u l a t i o n . O n s i g n a l g e [...]

Chapter 1 27 Signal Generator O verview Rear Pane l 19. AUXILIAR Y INTERFACE This 9- pin D- subminiat ure fem ale connector is an RS- 232 s erial por t t hat can be used for serial communication and Master/Slav e source syn chronization. Figure 1-8 20. 10 MHz IN T h i s f e m a l e B N C c o n n e c t o r a c c e p t s a n e x t e r n a l t i m e b[...]

28 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Rear Pane l 22. 10 MHz O UT This f emale BNC connector outputs a nominal signal le vel of > + 4 dBm and has an output im pedance of 50 ohms. The accuracy is determined by the timebase used. 23. STOP SWEEP IN/OU T This female BNC conn ect or ( Opti on 0 07 on ly) provides an o pen- c ollec t or , TTL - c omp[...]

Chapter 1 29 Signal Generator O verview Rear Pane l 27. TRIGGER OUT This fe male BNC connector , in st ep/list sweep mode, outputs a TTL signal t hat is high at the st ar t of a dw ell sequence or when waiting for a point trigger in manual sweep m ode. The signal is low when the dwell is o ver or when a point trigger is received. In ram p sweep mod[...]

30 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Rear Pane l 33. EXT 2 This f emale BN C input connector (fun ctional onl y with Option s UNT , UNU, or UNW) acce pts a ± 1V p signal fo r AM, FM, and Φ M. Wit h AM, FM, or Φ M, ± 1V p produces t he indicated dev iation or depth. When ac- coupled inputs are selected for AM, FM, or Φ M and the peak input v [...]

Chapter 1 31 Signal Generator O verview Rear Pane l 39. I IN This fem ale BNC input connector (E8267D only) accepts th e in- phase (I) component an externally supplied, analog, I/Q modulation. The quadrature- phase (Q) compo nent is supplied t hrough the Q IN connector . Th e signal lev el is = 0.5 V rms f or a calibrated output lev el. The nominal[...]

32 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Rear Pane l 43. LF OUT This fema le BNC outpu t co nnec to r (fu nctio nal only wi t h Opt ion UN T) ou tpu ts mod ula tion sig nals g e n e r a t e d b y t h e l o w f r e q u e n c y ( L F ) s o u r c e f u n c t i o n g e n e r a t o r . T h i s o u t p u t i s c a p a b l e o f d r i v i n g 3V p (nominal)[...]

Chapter 2 33 2 Basic Operation In the follo wing sections, this chapte r describes operations common to all Agilent PSG signal generat ors: • “Using Table Editors” on page 34 • “Configuring a Continuous W av e RF Output” on page 36 • “Con fi gurin g a Swept R F Out put” on pag e 38 • “Using Ramp Sw eep (Option 007)” on page [...]

34 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Using T able Editors Using T able Editors Table editors sim plify configuration tasks, such as creating a list sweep. This section pr ovides information to familiarize you with basic table edit or functionality using the List Mode V alues table editor as an example. Press Pres et > Sweep/List > Configure List Sw e[...]

Chapter 2 35 Basic Operation Using T a ble Editors Ta b l e E d i t o r S o f t k e y s The fo llowing table editor sof tk eys are used to load, navigate, modify , and store t able item values. Edit Item displays th e selected item in t he active function area of the display where the item’s value can be modified Insert Row inserts an identical r[...]

36 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output Configuring the RF Output This section pro vides information on how to create continuous wave and sw ept RF ( page 38 ) out put s. I t a l s o h a s i n f o r m a t i o n o n u s i n g a m m - W a v e s o u r c e m o d u l e t o e x t e n d t h e s i g n a l g e n e r a t o r ’ s frequ ency r[...]

Chapter 2 37 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output 8. Use the knob t o adjust th e frequency b ack to 700 MHz. Setti ng the Freq uency Refere nce and Frequency O ffset The fo llowing pr ocedure sets t he RF output frequency as a reference frequency to which all other frequency settings are relative. When the freq uency reference is set, the dis[...]

38 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output 3. Change th e amplitude to − 20 dBm : Press Am plitud e > − 20 > dB m . The new out put po wer displa ys in the AMPLITUDE area of the display and in the active entry area. U ntil you press a different front panel function k ey , amplitude remains the active function. Y ou can also ch[...]

Chapter 2 39 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output NOTE List sweep d at a cannot be sa ved within an inst r ument state, but can b e s a v e d t o t h e memor y catalog. For instructions on saving list sw eep data, see “Storing Files to the Memory Catalo g” on page 56 . During swept RF output, the FREQUENCY and AMPLITUDE areas of the signal[...]

40 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output T o Configur e a Sing le Ste p Sweep In this procedure, you create a st ep sweep with nine, equally- spaced po ints, and the follo wing paramet ers: • frequency range f rom 500 MHz to 600 M Hz •a m p l i t u d e f r o m − 20 dBm to 0 dBm • dwell time 50 0 ms at eac h poin t 1. Press Pre[...]

Chapter 2 41 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output T o Configure a Continu ous Step Sweep Press Sweep Repe at Single C ont . This toggles t he sweep from single to continuous. A continuous repetition of the frequencies and amplitudes con f igured in th e step sweep are no w available at the RF OUTPUT connector . The SWEEP annunciator appears on[...]

42 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output 3. Use the ar ro w ke ys to highlig ht the dwell time in ro w 1. 4. Press Edit Item . The dw ell time for point 1 becomes the activ e function. 5. Press 100 > msec . This enters 100 ms as the new dwell time value f o r ro w 1. Note that t he next item in t he table (i n thi s c as e, th e fr[...]

Chapter 2 43 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output 5. Press the T rigger ha rdk ey . The signal generator will sing le sweep the points in your list and the SWEEP annunci ator will be activated during the sweep. T o Configure a Continu ous Lis t Swee p Press Sweep Repe at Single C ont . This toggles t he sweep from single to continuous. A conti[...]

44 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output Figure 2- 2 Equ ipment Setup 2. Turn on b oth the 8757D an d the PSG. 3. On th e 8757 D, press System > Mor e > Sweep Mode and v erify t hat th e SYSINTF softk ey is set to ON. This ensures that the system inter face mode is activated on t he 8757D. The system interface mode enables the i[...]

Chapter 2 45 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output NOTE During swept RF output, the FREQUENCY and/or AMPLITUDE areas of t he signal generat or’s display are deact ivat ed, depending on what is being swept . In t his case, since frequency is being swept, nothing appears in the FREQUENCY area o f the display. 7 . Press Freq uency > Freq CW .[...]

46 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output Figure 2- 3 Band pass Filter Res ponse on 8757D Using Markers 1. Press Markers . This opens a table editor and asso ciate d mark er control softk eys. Y ou can use up to 10 different mark ers, labeled 0 through 9. 2. Press Mark er Freq an d select a frequency value within the range of your swee[...]

Chapter 2 47 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output 4 . M o v e t h e c u r s o r b a c k t o m a r k e r 0 a n d p r e s s Delta Ref Set > Marke r Del ta Of f On to O n. In the t able editor , notice that t he frequency values for each marker are no w relative to marker 0. Ref appears in the far right column (also labeled Ref ) to indicate w[...]

48 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output Figure 2- 5 Del ta Marker s on 8757D 6. Press T urn Off Markers . All ac tive markers turn of f. R efer to t he E8 257D /67D PS G Si gnal Ge nerators K ey Re ference fo r inform ation on ot h er marker s of tkey functi ons. Adjusting S weep Time 1. Press Sweep/List . This opens a men u of sweep[...]

Chapter 2 49 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output 4. Press Sweep T ime to A ut o. The sw eep time returns to its fastest allow able setting. NOTE When using an 8757 network anal yzer in manual sw eep mode, you must activate the signal generat or’s Manual Freq so ftkey bef ore using the front panel knob to control t he sweep. Press Sweep/List[...]

50 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output Figure 2- 6 Altern ating Sweep s on 8757D Conf igurin g an Am plitude Sweep 1. Press Return > Sw eep > Off . This turns off bo th the cur rent sweep and the alternate sweep from the previous t ask. The cur ren t CW s ett ings n ow control t he RF outp ut. 2. Press Configure Ra mp/Step Swe[...]

Chapter 2 51 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output 1. Set up the equipment as sho wn in Figure 2- 7 . Use a 9- pin, D- subminiature, male RS- 232 cable with the pin configurati on sho wn in Figur e 2- 8 on pag e 52 to connect the auxiliar y inter faces of the two PSGs. Y ou can also order t he cable (par t number 8120- 8806) from A gilent Techn[...]

52 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output Figure 2- 7 Master/Sl ave Equipm ent Setup Figure 2- 8 RS-232 Pi n Configuration[...]

Chapter 2 53 Basic Operation Modulating a Sig nal Extending th e Frequency Range Y o u can extend the sign al generator freq uency range using an Agilen t 83550 series millimeter - wav e source module or other manufacturer’s mm- source module. Ref er to “Millimeter- W ave Sour ce Modu les” on p age 2 36 f or information on using th e signal g[...]

54 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Modulating a Signal Figure 2- 9 Example of AM Modulation F ormat Off and On Applyi ng a Modulat ion Format to the RF Output The carrier signal is modulated when t he Mo d On/O f f ke y is set to O n, and a n individual mo dulation f or mat is active. When the Mod On/Of f k ey is se t to Off, the MOD OFF annunciator a pp[...]

Chapter 2 55 Basic Operation Usin g D ata S tora ge Fun ctio ns Figure 2- 10 Carrier Sig nal Modulation S tatus Using Data Storage Functions This section explains ho w to use the two f orms of signal generat or data storage: t he memor y cat alog and the instrument state register . Using the Me mory Catalog The Memor y Cat alog is th e signal gener[...]

56 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Using Data Storage Fu nctions Storing F iles to the Memory Cat alog T o store a f ile to t he memor y cat alog, fir st create a f ile. For this example, use the default list sweep tab le . 1. Press Preset . 2. Press Sweep/List > Co nfigur e List Sweep > More (1 of 2) > Load/Store . This opens the “Catalog of [...]

Chapter 2 57 Basic Operation Usin g D ata S tora ge Fun ctio ns Viewing Stored File s in the Memory Catalog 1. Press Utility > Memo ry Ca talo g > Catalog T ype . All files in th e memory cat alog are listed in alphabetical order , r egardless o f which cat alog type you select. File information appears on the display and includes the file na[...]

58 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Using Data Storage Fu nctions 2. Press Save > Select Seq . The sequence number becomes the active function. The signal generato r displays the last sequence used. Using the ar ro w keys , set th e sequence to 1. 3. Press Select Reg . The register number in sequence 1 becomes t he active function. The signal generator[...]

Chapter 2 59 Basic Operation Us ing Se cur ity Fun cti ons 4. Press Select Reg an d enter the regi ster number you want to delete. Not i c e t hat t h e Delete S eq[n] Reg[nn ] should be loaded with the sequence and regist er you want to delete. 5. Press Delete S eq[n] Reg[ nn] . This deletes the chosen regist er . Delet ing All Reg isters w ithin [...]

60 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Using Security F unctions section also hav e an equivalent SCPI command for remote operation. (Refer to the “ System Commands” chapter of the E8 257D/6 7D PS G Signa l Gene rators SCP I Com mand Reference fo r mo re information.) Unders tanding PSG Memory T ypes The PSG com prises seve ral memor y types, each used f[...]

Chapter 2 61 Basic Operation Us ing Se cur ity Fun cti ons Batt er y Backed Memory (SRAM) 512 kB Y es Y es user- edit able data (t ab le edi to rs ) last instr ument st ate, last instr ument st ate backup, and persistent instru ment st ate and instru ment st atus firmwar e ope ratio ns CP U board The battery can be remo ved to sani tize the memory [...]

62 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Using Security F unctions BBG Fir mw ar e Memory (Flash) 32 MB No Y es f irmware image for baseband generat or firmwa re upgra de Coprocesso r Memory (SRAM) 32 MB Ye s N o o p e r a t i n g m e m o r y o f baseband coprocessor CPU During normal operat ion, some user information, such as payload data, can remain in the m[...]

Chapter 2 63 Basic Operation Us ing Se cur ity Fun cti ons Removing Sensitiv e Data f rom PSG Memory When mo ving the PSG from a secur e dev elopment enviro nment, y ou can remo ve an y classif ied propr ieta r y info r mation stored in the instrument. This section d escribes sev eral security fun ctions you can use to remove sen sitive data from y[...]

64 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Using Security F unctions Confirm Sanit ize . Removi ng Pers istent State I nform ation N ot Remov ed Dur ing Eras e Persist ent Sta te The pe rs ist ent s t ate set ting s con t ain i nstr u ment setu p in format io n tha t c an be to gg led w it hin predefined limits such as display intensity , contrast and t he GPIB [...]

Chapter 2 65 Basic Operation Us ing Se cur ity Fun cti ons Activati ng the Secure Mode CAUTION Once yo u activate secure mode (by pr essing Confirm) , you c annot d eactivate or decrease the security level; the erasure actions for that security lev el execute at the next po wer cyc le. Once you activ ate secure mode, you can onl y increase the secu[...]

66 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Enabling Options Using the Se cure Di splay This function prev ents unauthorized personnel from reading t he instr ument display and t ampering wi th the cu rre nt co n fig ura t ion thr oug h the fr ont pa ne l. Th e d is pl a y i s b la nk ed , ex ce pt f or th e me ss ag e *** SECURE DISPLAY ACTIVATED *** , and t he [...]

Chapter 2 67 Basic Operation Using the Web Server 2. V erify th at the host ID shown on the displa y match es the host ID on the li cense ke y certif icate. The host ID is a unique number for ev er y instrument. If t he host ID on the license key c er tif icate does not match your instrument, the license key cann ot enable t he sof tware option. 3 [...]

68 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Usin g the W eb Serv er The W eb- Enabled PSG w eb page, shown in Fi gur e 2 - 12 , pro vides general in f orm ation on your signal generator and a mean s to control the instr ument by using a remote front- panel inter face or using SCPI (Standard Communication f or Programmable Instruments) commands. The w eb page also[...]

Chapter 2 69 Basic Operation Using the Web Server Figure 2- 12 S ignal Generator W eb Page[...]

70 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Usin g the W eb Serv er 7 . Click the Signal G enerator W e b Contr ol menu button on the le ft of the page. A ne w w eb page will be displa yed as sho wn below in Fig ure 2 - 1 3 . Figure 2- 13 W eb Page Front Pa nel This we b page remotely accesses all signal generat or functions and operations. Use the mouse pointer [...]

Chapter 3 71 3 Basic Digital Operation This chapter prov ides information on th e functions and features available f or th e E8267D PSG vector sign al gene rator with Opt ion 60 1 or 602 . • “Custom M odulation” on pag e 71 • “ A r b i t r a r y ( A R B ) W a v e f o r m F i l e H e a d e r s ” o n p a g e 7 2 • “ U s i n g t h e D [...]

72 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Arbi trary (ARB) W aveform Fil e Headers Custom A rb W aveform Generator The signal generator’ s Arb W avef or m Generator mode is designed for out- of- channel test applications . This mode can be used t o generate dat a formats t hat simulate ran dom communication traff ic and can be used as a sti mulus f or[...]

Chapter 3 73 Basic Digital Operation Arbit rary (A RB) Wavef orm Fi le Hea de rs Marker settings and routing functions ( page 88 ) —P o l a r i t y —A L C h o l d —R F b l a n k i n g • High crest mode (only in the dual ARB pla yer) • Modulator att enuation • Modulator filter • I/Q output filt er (used when routing signals to the rear[...]

74 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Arbi trary (ARB) W aveform Fil e Headers the active modulation, y ou must mo dify t he default settings before y ou sa ve the header in f or ma tio n wi th the w av ef orm fi le (s ee “Modifying Header Information in a Modulation F orm at” on pa ge 7 4 ). NOTE Each time an ARB modulation f or mat is turned o[...]

Chapter 3 75 Basic Digital Operation Arbit rary (A RB) Wavef orm Fi le Hea de rs Figure 3-2 Custom Dig ital Modula tion Def ault Header Di splay 2. Sa ve the information in th e Current Inst. Settings colum n to the file head er: Press Save Setup T o Header . Both the Saved Header Settings column and t he Current Inst. Settings column no w display [...]

76 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Arbi trary (ARB) W aveform Fil e Headers 3. Return t o the ARB Setup menu: Press Return . In the A RB Setup m enu (sho wn in Fi gur e 3 - 3 ), you c an change t he current instrument settings. Figure 3- 3 also sho ws the softke y paths used in steps f our through n ine. 4. Set the ARB sam ple clock to 5 MHz: Pre[...]

Chapter 3 77 Basic Digital Operation Arbit rary (A RB) Wavef orm Fi le Hea de rs Figure 3-3 A RB Setup Softkey Menu and Marker Utilities Dual ARB P layer softkey (it does not appear in the ARB formats)[...]

78 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Arbi trary (ARB) W aveform Fil e Headers Figure 3- 4 Differing V alues b etween Header a nd Current Se tting Columns Figure 3- 5 Saved Fi le Header Changes V alues differ between the two columns Page 1 Page 2 V alues differ between the two columns Page 1 Page 2[...]

Chapter 3 79 Basic Digital Operation Arbit rary (A RB) Wavef orm Fi le Hea de rs Storing Header Information for a Dual A RB Player W ave form Sequence When you create a wav efo r m sequence (described on page 85 ), the PSG automa tically c reates a default file header , which t akes priority o ver th e headers for the wav eform segments that compos[...]

80 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Arbi trary (ARB) W aveform Fil e Headers Viewing H eader Inform ation with th e Dual ARB Pl ayer Off One of the differences between a modulat ion format and the dual ARB play er is t hat even when the d u a l A R B p l a y e r i s o f f , y o u c a n v i e w a f i l e h e a d e r . Y o u c a n n o t , h o w e v [...]

Chapter 3 81 Basic Digital Operation Arbit rary (A RB) Wavef orm Fi le Hea de rs Vi ewing Header In formation for a Different W aveform File While a wav eform is playin g in t he dual ARB play er , you can view the header information of a different wav eform file, but you can modify the header information only for the wa vef or m that is currently [...]

82 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Arbi trary (ARB) W aveform Fil e Headers Playing a W aveform File that Contains a Header After a wa vefo r m file (A UTOGEN_W A VEFORM) is generated in a modulation f orm at and the format is turned off, th e file becomes accessible to and can o nly be pla yed bac k by the dual ARB pla y er . This is true for do[...]

Chapter 3 83 Basic Digital Operation Usi ng the D ual ARB Wavefo rm Playe r Using t he Dual ARB W aveform Player The dual arbitrary (ARB) wave form play er is used to create, edit, and play wavef or m fi les. There are tw o types of wa vef or m files: segmen ts and seq uences. A se gment is a wav eform file that is cr eated using one of the signal [...]

84 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Using the Dual ARB Waveform Player Creating Waveform S egments There are tw o ways to pro vide wavef orm segments for use b y the wavef orm sequencer . Y ou can eit her do wnload a wav eform via the remote inter face, or generate a wavef orm using one of the ARB modulation f orm ats. Fo r information on dow nloa[...]

Chapter 3 85 Basic Digital Operation Usi ng the D ual ARB Wavefo rm Playe r 2. Create the first wa vef orm segm ent: a. Press Mod e > Dual ARB > Wa v e f o r m S e g m e n ts > Load Store to S to re. b. High light the defaul t segme nt AUTOGEN_WAVEFORM . c. Press Rename Segm ent > Editing Keys > Clear T ext . d. Enter a f ile name (f[...]

86 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Using the Dual ARB Waveform Player Playing a W aveform This procedure applies to pla ying eit her a wav eform segment or a wav efo r m sequence. This exam ple plays the wav eform sequence created in the previous procedure. 1. Select a wav ef orm sequence: a. Press Mod e > Dual ARB > Select W aveform . b. H[...]

Chapter 3 87 Basic Digital Operation Usi ng the D ual ARB Wavefo rm Playe r Bandwi dth soft ke y sets the bandwidth ov er which th e noise is integrated and t he Nois e Band width Fa ctor softkey allo w s you to select a f lat noise bandwidth. These sof tk eys are descri bed in t he E8257D/ 67D PSG Sig nal Ge nera tors K ey Ref erenc e . The fo llo[...]

88 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Markers Load ing Wavef orm Segm ent s fro m N on-vola til e Mem ory 1. Clear out t he vo latile memor y and delete all WFM1 files: Po w er cycle the instrument. 2. Press Mode > Dual ARB > Wa v e f o r m Se gm e n t s . 3. If necessar y , press Load Store to Loa d. 4. Press Load All From NV W[...]

Chapter 3 89 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Markers • “Usi ng t he RF B lank ing M arker F unct ion” o n pa ge 100 • “Setting Marker P olarit y” on page 1 02 W avefo rm M arker Conc epts The signal genera tor’s ARB formats pro vide four wav efo r m mark ers to mark specific points on a w a v e f o r m s e g m e n t . Y o u c a[...]

90 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Markers Saving Ma rker Polarit y and Rout ing Sett ings Marker polarity and routing settings remain until you reconfigure t hem, preset the signal gen erator , or cyc le the PSG pow er . To ensure that a wav ef orm uses t he correct settings when it is play ed, set the marker polarities or routing[...]

Chapter 3 91 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Markers Close-up of averaging The ALC samples the waveform when the marker signal goes hi gh, and uses the averag e of the sampled wavefo rm to set the ALC c ir cui t ry . Here the ALC samples during the on marker points (positive polarity). Marker Marker Mark er Marker Example of Corr ect Use W a[...]

92 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Markers Accessi ng Marker Utili ties Use the follo wing procedure to display the mark er parameter s. This procedure uses the Dual ARB pla yer , but you can access the marker utilities through the ARB Setup softkey in all ARB f or mats. 1. Select the ARB wav eform player: press Mode > Dual A RB[...]

Chapter 3 93 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Markers NOTE Most of the procedures in th is section begin at the Ma rker Utilitie s softke y menu. V iewin g W av eform Seg ment Ma rkers Markers are applied to wav efo r m segments. Use the follo wing steps t o view the markers set f or a segment (this example uses the factor y - supplied segmen[...]

94 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Markers 1. C leari ng M arker Po ints from a Waveform Segme nt When you set ma rker points they do no t replac e poin ts th at alr eady ex ist, but a re set in addi ti on to existing points. Because mark ers are cumulative, before y ou set points, view the segment ( page 93 ) and remo ve any un wa[...]

Chapter 3 95 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Markers 4. F or t he selected marker number , remo ve all marker points in the selected segment: Press Set Marke r Off All Point s . 5. Repeat from Step 3 for any remaining marker points that you want to remov e. Clea ring a Rang e of M arker Points The fo llowing exam ple uses a wav eform with ma[...]

96 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Markers 3. Highlight th e desired marker number: Press Marker 1 2 3 4 4. Set the f irst sample point in the range (in t his example, 10): Press Set Marker On Range Of P oints > First Mkr Point > 10 > Ent er . 5. Set the last marker point in the range to a value less t han or equal to t he[...]

Chapter 3 97 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Markers 1. Remove an y existing mark er points ( page 94 ). 2. In th e Marker Ut ilities menu ( page 92 ), press Set Markers . 3. High light the desi red wa ve fo rm segme nt. In ARB form ats t her e is only one f il e (AUTOGEN_ W A V EF ORM) a nd it is a lread y h ighlig ht ed. 4. Highlight the d[...]

98 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Markers 2. T ogg le the markers as desired: a. Highlig ht the first wav ef orm seg ment. b. Press En able/D isable M arkers . c. As desir ed, press To g g l e M a r k e r 1 , To g g l e M a r k e r 2 , To g g l e M a r k e r 3 , and To g g l e M a r k e r 4 . T ogg ling a marker that has n o marke[...]

Chapter 3 99 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Markers Vie w i ng a M a r ke r P u ls e When a wavef orm plays ( page 86 ), you can detect a set and enabled marker’s puls e at t he rear panel ev ent connector th at corresponds to t hat marker number . This exam ple demonstrates how to view a marker pulse generated by a wav eform segment that[...]

100 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Markers Using the RF Blanking Mar ker Func tion While you can set a marker function (described as Marker Routing on the sof tk ey label) either before or after sett ing the mar ker points ( page 95 ), setting a mark er f unction bef ore y ou set mark er po ints ma y change the RF output. RF Blan [...]

Chapter 3 101 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Markers Marker Polarity = Positive When marker polarity is positive ( the default setting), the RF output is blanked during the off maker points. 200 180 Point 1 Marke r Segment RF Signal RF Signal 200 180 Point 1 Mar ker Segment Marker Polarity = Negative When mark er polarity is nega tive, the [...]

102 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation T riggering Waveforms Settin g Ma rker P olarit y Sett ing a nega tive ma rker pola rity inver ts th e marker signa l. 1. In th e Marker Ut ilities menu ( page 92 ), press Marker Polarity . 2. Select the marker polarity as desired for each mark er number . As shown on page 100 : Po s i t iv e P o l a r i t y : [...]

Chapter 3 103 Basic Digital Operation T riggering Waveforms • Pol a ri t y det ermines t he stat e of the trigger t o which the wavef orm responds (used only with an external trigger source); y ou can set either negative, or positive. Sour ce Mode and Response The arbitrar y wav eform player pro vides four trigger modes ; each mode has one or mor[...]

104 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation T riggering Waveforms • Segmen t Advance (Dual ARB only) causes a segment in a sequence to requir e a trigger to play. The trigger sour ce c o n t r o l s h o w p l a y m o v e s f r o m s e g m e n t t o s e g m e n t ( e x a m p l e o n page 107 ). A trigger received during the last segment loops pla y to t[...]

Chapter 3 105 Basic Digital Operation T riggering Waveforms Setting t he Polarit y of an Exte rnal T rigger Gated Mode The selections available with t he gat e active parameter r ef er t o th e lo w and hi gh st ates of an ext ernal trigger signal. For exam ple, when yo u select High, t he active state occurs during the hi gh of the trigger signal.[...]

106 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation T riggering Waveforms 3. Configure the car rier signal output: • Set the desired frequency. • Set the desired amplitude. • Turn on the RF output . 4. Select a wavef orm for pla yback (sequence or segment): a. Preset t he signal generato r. b. Press Mod e > Dual ARB > Select W aveform . c. Highlight [...]

Chapter 3 107 Basic Digital Operation T riggering Waveforms NOTE In the real- time Cust om mode, the behavior is rev ersed: when the gat ing signal is high , you see the modulated wav eform. Using Segment Advance T rigge ring Segment advance triggering enables you to control the segment playback within a w av eform sequence. The fo llowing exam ple[...]

108 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Clipping 5. Generat e t he wavefo r m seque nce: Press Return > Ret urn > ARB Off On to On . 6. Trigger the first wa v eform se gment to b egin pl ay ing rep eatedly : Press the T rigger har dk ey. 7 . (Optional) Monitor t he current wavef orm: Connect the output of t he signal generator t [...]

Chapter 3 109 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Clipping Figu re 3- 10 M ultip le Ch anne l Sum ming The I and Q wa vef orms combine in t he I/Q modulator to create an RF wav eform. The magnitude of the RF envelope is determined by the equation , where the squaring of I and Q always results in a positive value. As sh own in Figu re 3- 11 , sim[...]

110 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Clipping Figure 3-11 Combining the I a nd Q W aveforms How Peaks Cause S pectral Regrowth Because of the relativ e infrequen cy of high po wer peaks, a wa ve form will ha ve a high peak - to- averag e po wer ratio (see Fig ur e 3 - 1 2 ). Because a transmitter’s pow er amplifier gain is set to [...]

Chapter 3 111 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Clipping Figure 3- 12 Peak-to- Average Po wer S p e c t r a l r e g r o w t h i s a r a n g e o f f r e q u e n c i e s t h a t d e v e l o p s o n e a c h s i d e o f t h e c a r r i e r ( s i m i l a r t o sidebands) and extends into t he adjacent frequency bands (see Figu re 3 - 13 ). Co nseq [...]

112 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Clipping appears as a recta ngle in t he vector represent ation. Wit h either met hod, the objective is to clip t he wav efo rm to a lev el that effectively reduc es spectral regro wth, but does no t c ompromis e t he i nt eg ri ty of the signal. F igur e 3- 16 on page 11 4 uses tw o complem enta[...]

Chapter 3 113 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Clipping Figure 3- 15 Rectangul ar Clipping[...]

114 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Clipping Figure 3- 16 Reduction of Peak -to- Avera ge Power Configuri ng Circular Clipping This procedur e sho ws you ho w to conf igure circular clipping. The circular setting clips the compo sit e I/Q data ( I and Q data are clipped equally). For more inf or mation about circular clipping, refe[...]

Chapter 3 115 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Clipping 2. Press Mode > Dual ARB > Select W a veform and ensure that AUTOGEN_WAVEFORM is high lighted on the d i s p l a y . A U T O G E N _ W A V E F O R M i s t h e d e f a u l t n a m e a s s i g n e d t o t h e w a v e f o r m y o u g e n e r a t e d i n the previous step. 3. Press Sel[...]

116 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Using W aveform Scaling 11. Press Wa v e f o r m S t a t is t i c s > CCDF Pl ot and observe the wav eform’s curve. N otice t he reduction in peak- to- average po wer , relativ e to t he previous plot, after applying clipping. Using Waveform Sc alin g W av eform scaling is used to eliminate DA C over - ran[...]

Chapter 3 117 Basic Digital Operation Using W aveform Scaling Figure 3- 18 W avefor m Overshoot How Scaling El iminates DAC Ov er-Range Err ors Scaling reduces or shrinks a baseband wav eform’s amplitude w hile maint aining its basic shape and characteristics, such as peak- to- a verage po wer ratio. If the fast- rising baseband wavef orm is scal[...]

118 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Using W aveform Scaling Although scaling maintains the basic shape of the wav efo r m, too much scalin g can compr omise its integrity b ecause the b it resolu tion can be so lo w that the w av eform b ecomes co rr upted with quantization noise. Maximum accuracy and optimum dynamic range are achiev ed by scalin[...]

Chapter 4 119 4 Optimizing Performance In the follo wing sections, this chapte r describes procedures that impr ov e the per formance of the Agilen t PSG si gnal g enerator . • “ U s i n g t h e A L C ” o n p a g e 1 1 9 • “Using External Le ve ling” on page 120 • “Creat ing a nd Applyin g User Flat ness Co r rectio n” o n page 12[...]

120 Chapter 4 Optimizi ng Perfo rmance Using External Leveling samplin g the fast rising edges of pulsed wav ef orms with high crest f actors found in f ormats such as 802.11b, CDMA, and OFDM. A limited, or narrow bandw idth will result in a longer ALC sample time and a mor e accu rate repre sentation of the si gnal’s l ev el. NOTE Do not use t h[...]

Chapter 4 121 Optimizing Performance Using External Leveling Configu re the Sig nal Gener ator 1. Press Preset . 2. Press Frequency > 10 > GHz . 3. Press Amplitude > 0 > dBm . 4. Press RF On/Off . 5. Press Leveling M ode > Ext Det ecto r . This de activates the internal ALC de tector and sw itches the ALC i nput path to the fro nt pa[...]

122 Chapter 4 Optimizi ng Perfo rmance Using External Leveling Figure 4- 3 T ypical Diode De tector Respon se at 25° C External Leveling wi th Option 1E1 S ignal Genera tors Signal generators with Opti on 1E1 contain a ste p attenuator p rior to the RF out put conne ctor . During external lev eling, the signal ge nerator automatic ally ho lds the [...]

Chapter 4 123 Optimizing Performance Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction F o r e x a m p l e , l e v e l i n g t h e C W o u t p u t o f a 3 0 d B g a i n a m p l i f i e r t o a l e v e l o f − 10 dBm requires the o u t p u t o f t h e s i g n a l g e n e r a t o r t o b e a p p r o x i m a t e l y − 4 0 d B m w h e n l e v e l e d [...]

124 Chapter 4 Optimizi ng Perfo rmance Creating and Applying User Flatness Corre ction Creating a User Flatne ss Correc tion Array In this example, y ou create a user f latness cor rection array. The f latness correction array cont ains ten frequ ency correctio n pairs ( amplit ude correcti on valu es for specified frequen cies), from 1 to 10 GHz i[...]

Chapter 4 125 Optimizing Performance Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction Figu re 4- 4 User Fl atne ss Cor recti on E quip ment Se tup Configu re the Sig nal Gener ator 1. Press Preset . 2. Configur e the signa l genera tor to interface w ith the po w er meter . a. Press Am plitud e > More (1 of 2) > User Fla tness > More (1 of 2[...]

126 Chapter 4 Optimizi ng Perfo rmance Creating and Applying User Flatness Corre ction 7 . Press # of Points > 10 > Enter . Steps 4, 5, and 6 ent er the desired f latness- correct ed frequencies into t he step ar ray. 8. Press Return > Load Cal Array From Step A rray > Confirm Load From Step Data . This populates the user f latness corr[...]

Chapter 4 127 Optimizing Performance Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction 1. Press More (1 of 2) > Us er Flatness > Configure Cal Arra y . This opens the User Flatness t able editor an d places t he cursor o ver the frequency value (1 GHz) for ro w 1 . The RF output changes to th e frequency value of the t able row cont aining the c[...]

128 Chapter 4 Optimizi ng Perfo rmance Creating and Applying User Flatness Corre ction 4. Ensure t hat t he f ile FLATCAL1 is h ighlighted. 5. Press Load From Selec ted File > Confirm Load From File . This pop ulates the user f latness corre ction arra y with the data contained i n the file FLATCAL1 . The user f latness corr ection array title d[...]

Chapter 4 129 Optimizing Performance Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction NOTE User Flatness correction is on ly applicable f or Agilent 83550 series mm- wav e source modules and does not function with other mm- wa ve mo dules such as OML m odules. Requir ed Eq uipment • Agilent 83554A millimeter - wa ve sourc e module • Agile nt E44 [...]

130 Chapter 4 Optimizi ng Perfo rmance Creating and Applying User Flatness Corre ction Figure 4- 5 User Fl atness with mm- W ave Sourc e Module for a Signa l Genera tor without Opt ion 1EA[...]

Chapter 4 131 Optimizing Performance Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction Figure 4- 6 User Flat ness with mm- W ave Source M odule and Option 1EA Si gnal Genera tor NOTE T o ensure adequate RF amplitude at the mm- wa ve source module RF input when using Option 1EA signal generat ors, maximum amplitude loss through the adapt ers and cables[...]

132 Chapter 4 Optimizi ng Perfo rmance Creating and Applying User Flatness Corre ction 2. Configur e the signa l genera tor to interface w ith the po w er meter . a. Press Am plitude > M ore (1 of 2) > Us er Flatness > More (1 of 2) > Power Meter > E 4416A , E4417A , E4418B , or E4419B . b. Press Me ter Address > ent er the pow er[...]

Chapter 4 133 Optimizing Performance Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction User Flatness: (UNSTORED) indicat ing that the cu r rent us er f latness correct ion arra y data has not been sav ed to the memor y cat alog. Perfo rming th e User F latness Correct ion Man ually If you are not u sing an A gil ent E4 416A/17 A/18B /19 B po wer met e[...]

134 Chapter 4 Optimizi ng Perfo rmance Adjusting Referenc e Oscillator Band width (O ption UNR/UN X) Recalling a nd Applying a User Flatne ss Correction Array Bef ore per forming th e steps in t his section, complete the section “Creat ing a User Flatness Correction Array wi th a mm- W av e Source Module” on page 128 . 1. Press Preset . 2. Pres[...]

Chapter 4 135 Optimizing Performance Adjusting Referenc e Oscillator Band width (O ption UNR/UN X) T o Restore Factory Default Settings: Inter nal Timebase: 1 25 Hz Externa l Timebase: 25 Hz Press Utility > Ins trument Adjustm ents > Referenc e Oscilla tor Adjust ment > Restore Factory Defaults .[...]

136 Chapter 4 Optimizi ng Perfo rmance Adjusting Referenc e Oscillator Band width (O ption UNR/UN X)[...]

Chapter 5 137 5 Analog Modulation In the f ollo wing sectio ns, this cha pter describ es the standar d continuo us wa ve form and optional analog m odula tion c apabil ity in A gil ent E825 7D PSG Analog and E826 7D PS G V ec to r signal generat ors. • “Analog Modulat ion W avef orms” on page 137 • “Configuring AM (Option UNT)” on page [...]

138 Chapter 5 Anal og M odula tio n Configuring AM (Opt ion UNT) Configuring AM (Option UNT) In this example, y ou will lear n ho w to generate an amplitude- modulat ed RF carrier . T o Set the Carrier Fre quency 1. Press Preset . 2. Press Frequency > 1340 > kHz . T o Set th e RF Output Amp litude Press Ampl itude > 0 > dBm . T o Set th[...]

Chapter 5 139 Analo g Modulat ion Configuring Φ M (Opti on UNT) T o Set the FM Deviati on and Rate 1. Press the FM/ Φ M hardk ey. 2. Press FM Dev > 75 > kHz . 3. Press FM Rate > 10 > kHz . The signal generator is now configured to output a 0 dBm, frequency- modulat ed carrier at 1 GHz with a 75 kHz deviation and a 10 kHz rate. The sha[...]

140 Chapter 5 Anal og M odula tio n Configuring Pulse Mo dulation (Option UNU /UNW) The signal generator is now co nf igured to output a 0 dBm , phase- modulated carrier at 3 GHz with a 0.25 p radian deviation an d 10 kHz rate. The shape of the wav eform is a sine wa ve. (N otice that sine is the default for the Φ MW a v e f o r m softkey. Pr ess [...]

Chapter 5 141 Analo g Modulat ion Configuring the LF Output (Op tion UNT) Configuring the LF Output (Option UNT) With Option UNT , t he signal generator has a low frequency (LF) output (described on page 10 ). The LF output’ s source can be switched between Internal 1 Monitor , Internal 2 Monitor , F unc tion Generator 1 , or Function Generator 2[...]

142 Chapter 5 Anal og M odula tio n Configuring the LF Output (Option UNT) 5. Press FM Off On . Y o u hav e set up the FM signal with a rate of 10 kHz and 75 kHz o f deviation. The FM annunciator is activa ted indica ting that y ou ha ve enabled freque ncy modula tion. Conf iguring t he Low F reque ncy Outp ut 1. Press the LF Out hardkey. 2. Press [...]

Chpater 6 143 6 Custom Arb W aveform Generator In the follo wing sections, this chapte r describes the cust om arbitrar y wav eform generat or mode, whic h is avail ab le on ly in E 8267 D PSG vect or si gnal ge nera tors wi th Op tion 601 o r 602 : • “Overview” on page 143 • “W orking wit h Predef ined Setups (Modes)” on page 143 • ?[...]

144 Chpater 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working wit h User -Defined Setu ps (M odes)-C ustom A rb On ly Selecting a Custom ARB Setup or a Custom Digital Modulatio n State 1. Preset the signal gener ator: press Preset . 2. Press Mode > Custom > Arb Wa veform Generator > Setup Select . 3. Select either: • one of the predef ined modulat[...]

Chpater 6 145 Custom Ar b W avefor m Generator Working with User -Defin ed Setup s (Modes) -Cust om Arb Only 11. Press Dig ital Mod De fine > Store Custom Dig Mod State > Store T o File . If th ere is already a file n ame from the Catalog of DMOD Files occup ying the active entr y area, press: Ed it Keys > Clear T ext 12. Enter a f ile nam[...]

146 Chpater 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with Filters 12. Enter a file n ame (for example, EDGEM1 ) using the alpha k eys and t he numeric k eypad, and press Enter . The user - defined multicarrier digit al modulation stat e is no w stored in non- v olatile memory. NOTE The RF output amplitude, frequency , and opera ting stat e settings [...]

Chpater 6 147 Custom Ar b W avefor m Generator Working with Filters middle, and total att enuation at high frequencies. The width of the middle frequencies is define d by the roll off factor or Filter Alpha (0 < Filt er Alpha < 1). • Gaussian is a Gaussian pre- modulation FIR filter . • User FIR enables y ou to select from a Catalog of FI[...]

148 Chpater 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with Filters Optimizing a Nyqu ist or Root Nyquist FIR Fi lter for EVM or ACP (Custom Realtime I/Q Baseband only) 1. Preset the instr ument: Press Preset . 2. Press Mode > Custom > Real Time I/Q Baseband > Filt er > Optimize FIR For EVM or ACP . The FIR filter is no w optimized f or mi[...]

Chpater 6 149 Custom Ar b W avefor m Generator Working with Filters 7 . Press Displa y Impuls e Response . A g raph displa ys the impulse response of the current FIR coef ficients. 8. Press Return . 9. Highlight coef ficient 1 5. 10. Press 0 > Enter . 11. Press Display Imp ulse Re sponse . The graphic display can pr ov ide a useful troubleshooti[...]

150 Chpater 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with Filters T o Create a User -Defin ed FIR Filter w ith the FIR V alues Edit or In this procedure, you use the FIR Values editor to cr eate and store an 8- s ymbol, windo wed, s inc function filt er with an oversam ple ratio of 4. The Oversample Ratio (OSR) is the number of f ilter coef f i cie [...]

Chpater 6 151 Custom Ar b W avefor m Generator Working with Filters 7 . Press Mirror T able . In a window ed sinc function filt er , t he second half of t he coeff icients are i dentical to the f irst half, but in rev erse order . The signal generator provides a mirror t able function th at automatically duplicates the exi sting coefficien t values[...]

152 Chpater 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with Filters 9. Press More (1 of 2) > Di splay FFT (f ast F ourie r transf or m). A graph dis plays the fa st Fo urier tra nsform of the current set of FIR coefficients. Th e signal generator has the capability of gr aphically disp laying the filt er in both time and frequency dimensio ns. 10. [...]

Chpater 6 153 Custom Ar b W avefor m Generator Worki ng w ith Sym bol Ra tes Wo r k i n g w i t h Sy m b o l R a t e s The Sy mbol Rate men u enable s you to s et the rate a t which I/ Q symbols a re f ed to the I/Q modulator . The defaul t transmi ssion symbol r a t e c a n a l s o b e r e s t o r e d i n t h i s m e n u . • Symbol Rate (display[...]

154 Chpater 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Wo rking with Symbol Rates T o Restore the De fault Symbol Rate (Custom Re al Ti me I/Q Only) • Press Mode > Custom > Real Time I/Q Baseband > Symbol Rate > Restore Default Symbol Rate . This replaces the current symbol rate with the default symbol rate f or t he selected modulation fo r m a[...]

Chpater 6 155 Custom Ar b W avefor m Generator Working with M odulation T y pes Wo r k i n g w i t h M o d u l a t i o n T y p e s The Mo dulation Type menu enables y ou to spec ify the type of modulatio n applied to the carrier signal when the Mod On Off hardk ey is on. When the Custom Off On softk ey is on : • F or Cu stom Arb, the BB G (baseb [...]

156 Chpater 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Workin g w ith Mo dula tio n T ype s T o Use a User-D efined M odula tion T ype (Real Time I /Q On ly) Creating a 128QAM I/Q M odulation T ype User Fil e with the I/ Q V alues Edit or In I/Q modulation schemes, sym bols appear in default positions in the I/Q plane. Using the I/Q Values e d i t o r , y o u[...]

Chpater 6 157 Custom Ar b W avefor m Generator Working with M odulation T y pes 5. Press the Dele te Row sof tk ey 16 tim es. Repeat this patte rn of steps using th e follo wing t able: 6. Press Display I/Q Map t o v iew t he new co nst e llat ion t ha t ha s bee n created. The I/Q St ate M ap in this example has 128 symbols. 7 . Press Return . Whe[...]

158 Chpater 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Workin g w ith Mo dula tio n T ype s 2. Press Mode > Custom > Real Time I/Q Baseband > M odu lation T ype > Define U ser I/Q > More (1 of 2) > De lete All Rows > Confirm Delete All Ro ws . This loa ds a defau lt 4QAM I/ Q modulati on and cle ars the I/Q Values editor . 3. Ent er the I[...]

Chpater 6 159 Custom Ar b W avefor m Generator Working with M odulation T y pes Modifying a Predefined I/Q M odulation T ype (I/Q Symbols) & Si mulating Magni tude Errors & Phase Errors Use the follo wing procedure to manipulate symbol locations which simulate magnitude and phase errors. In th is example, y ou edit a 4QAM constellation to m[...]

160 Chpater 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Workin g w ith Mo dula tio n T ype s 6. Press -1.8 > kHz . Each time y ou enter a value, t he Data column increments to the next binar y number , up to a to tal of 1 6 data v alu es ( fr om 0000 to 1111 ). An unstored f ile of frequency deviation values is created fo r the cust om 4- le vel FSK file. 7[...]

Chpater 6 161 Custom Ar b W avefor m Generator Working with M odulation T y pes Different ial Wideband IQ (Optio n 016) The signal generator wit h Option 016 can use an ext ernal I/Q modulation source such as a tw o chann el arbitr ar y wa ve form gene rator to gener ate up to 2 GH z modulatio n bandwi dth at RF . T o enable the wideband I/ Q input[...]

162 Chpater 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Configuring Hardw are the inter nal ARB as a baseband source and enable t he wideband inputs. 1. Set up the inte rnal baseban d generator w ith the desired sig nal. 2. Press the Mux ha rdkey. 3. Press I/Q Out . 4. Press BBG1 5. Press the front panel I/Q ha rdkey. 6. Press I/Q Off . 7 . Press I/Q Path Wide[...]

Chpater 6 163 Custom Ar b W avefor m Generator Configuring Hardware 9. Press Ext Delay Time > 100 > msec . T h e C u s t o m A r b W a v e f o r m G e n e r a t o r h a s b e e n c o n f i g u r e d t o p l a y a s i n g l e m u l t i c a r r i e r w a v e f o r m 100 milliseconds aft er it detect s a change in TTL st ate from low to high at [...]

164 Chpater 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Configuring Hardw are[...]

Chapter 7 165 7 Custom Real T ime I/Q Baseband In the follo wing sections, this chapte r describes the custom real- time I/Q baseband mode, which is available only in E 8267D PS G vector sign al generat ors wit h Option 601 or 60 2: • “Overview” on page 165 • “W orking wit h Predef ined Setups (Modes)” on page 165 • “W or ki ng wit [...]

166 Chapter 7 Custom Real T ime I/Q Baseband Wo rking with Data Patte rns Dese lectin g a Predefined Real Time Modulat ion Setup T o deselect any predefined mode that has been previously selec t ed, and return to t he top- level cust om mod ulati on menu : 1. Press Preset . 2. Press Mode > Custom > Real Time I/Q Baseband . 3. Press More (1 of[...]

Chapter 7 167 Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband Wo rking with Data Patterns Using a Predefi ned D ata Patte rn Sele cting a Pred efined PN Seq uence Da ta Pat tern 1. Press Preset . 2. Press Mode > Custom > Real Time I/Q Baseband > Data > PN Sequ ence . 3. Press one of the follo wing: PN9 , PN11 , PN15 , PN20 , PN23 . Sele cting a Predefin [...]

168 Chapter 7 Custom Real T ime I/Q Baseband Wo rking with Data Patte rns NOTE When you create a new file, the default name is UNTITLED , or UNTITLED1 , and so f orth . This preven ts overwriting previous files. 3. Usin g the n umeri c keypad ( no t the sof tkeys ), ent er the 32 bit values shown. Bit data is entered int o the Bit File Editor in 1-[...]

Chapter 7 169 Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband Wo rking with Data Patterns 4. Press More (1 of 2) > Rename > Editin g Keys > Clear T ext . 5. Enter a f ile name (for exam ple, USER1 ) using th e alpha k eys and the numeric keypad. 6. Press Enter . Th e use r fil e s ho ul d b e r en am ed an d s to re d to th e Me mo r y C atal o g w ith th e[...]

170 Chapter 7 Custom Real T ime I/Q Baseband Wo rking with Data Patte rns Navigati ng the Bit V alu es of an Ex isting Da ta Patter n User File 1. Press Goto > 4 > C > En ter . This mo ves the cursor to bit position 4C, of t he table, as shown in the fol lowing figure. Invertin g the Bit V alues of an Existi ng Data Patte rn User File 1. O[...]

Chapter 7 171 Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband Working with Burst Sh apes T o App ly Bit Erro rs to an Existin g Data Patte rn User File This exam ple demonstrates how to apply bit errors to an existing dat a patter n user f ile. If you ha ve not created and stored a data pattern user file, first complete the steps in t he previous section, “Crea ti[...]

172 Chapter 7 Custom Real T ime I/Q Baseband Working with Burst Sh apes Burst shape maximum rise and fall time values are affected by th e f ollowing factors: • the symbol r ate • th e mod ulati on ty pe When the rise and fall delays equal 0, the burst shape att empt s t o synchronize the maximum burst shape po wer to the beginning of the f irs[...]

Chapter 7 173 Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband Working with Burst Sh apes Y o u can also design burst shape files exter nally and do wnload the dat a to t he signal generator . For more information, see the E8 257D/67D P SG Sig nal Ge nerator s Programm ing Gui de . T o Create and Store Us er-Defin ed Burs t Shape Cu rves Using this procedure, you lea[...]

174 Chapter 7 Custom Real T ime I/Q Baseband Working with Burst Sh apes Figure 7-1 5. Press More (1 of 2) > Display Bu rst Shape . This displa ys a graphical represent ation of the wavef orm’s rise and fall characterist ics. Figure 7-2 NOTE T o re turn t he burst shape to the default conditions, press Return > Re turn > Confirm Exit From[...]

Chapter 7 175 Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband Configuring Hardware 8. Press Enter . The contents of the cur rent Rise Shape and Fall Shape editors are stored t o the Catalog of SHAPE Files . This burst shape can no w be used to customize a modulation or as a basis f or a new burs t sha pe de sig n. T o Sele ct and Recall a User- Defined Burst Shape C[...]

176 Chapter 7 Custom Real T ime I/Q Baseband Configuring Hardw are 2. Press BBG Re f Ext Int t o select either ext ern al or intern al as the bit- clock reference for the data generat or . If exter nal is selected, apply the reference fre quency to the rear- panel B ASEBAND GEN REF IN con nect or. Setting the Extern al Frequ ency The BBG ref erence[...]

Chapter 7 177 Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband Working with Ph as e Polar ity W orking with Phase Polarity T o Set Phase Polari ty to Normal or Inverted 1. Press Mode > Custom > Rea l Time I/Q Baseband > More (1 of 3) > Phase Pola rity Normal Invert . Phase P olarity Normal Invert enables you to eith er leav e th e selection as Normal (so [...]

178 Chapter 7 Custom Real T ime I/Q Baseband Wo rking wi th Differ ential Da ta Encod ing Figure 7-3 NOTE The number of bits per symbol can be expressed using the follo w ing formula. Because the equation is a ceiling function, if t he value of x cont a ins a frac tion, x is rounded up to the next whole number . Where x = bits per sy mbol, an d y =[...]

Chapter 7 179 Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband Wor king wit h Differe ntial Data Encoding mapping at the point of modulation, differential data encoding uses the transi tion from o ne bit value to another to en co de th e ra w d ata. Differential data encoding modif ies the raw digiti zed dat a by cr eating a secondary , encoded data stream that is de[...]

180 Chapter 7 Custom Real T ime I/Q Baseband Wo rking wi th Differ ential Da ta Encod ing NOTE The f ollowing I/Q Stat e Map illustrations sho w all possible s t ate transitions using a particular symbol table offset value. The actual state- to- stat e transition depends on the st ate in which th e modu lati on st arts . Example 2 transition 1 stat[...]

Chapter 7 181 Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband Wor king wit h Differe ntial Data Encoding When applied to t he user - define d default 4QAM I/Q map, st ar ting from t he 1st symbol (data 00), the differential encoding transitions for the data stream (in 2- bit symbols) 0011100001 appear in t he previous illustration. As y ou can see, t he 1st and 4th [...]

182 Chapter 7 Custom Real T ime I/Q Baseband Wo rking wi th Differ ential Da ta Encod ing Configur ing User-De fined I/Q Mod ulation 1. Press Preset . 2. Press Mode > Custom > Real Time I/Q Baseband > M odu lation T ype > Define U ser I/Q > More (1 of 2) > Load De faul t I/Q Map > QAM > 4QAM . This loads a default 4QAM I/Q m[...]

Chapter 7 183 Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband Wor king wit h Differe ntial Data Encoding Edi ting t he Di fferen tia l Stat e Map 1. Press 1 > Ent er . This encodes the first symbol by adding a symbol table off set of 1. The symbol rotates fo r wa rd through the st ate map by 1 value when a data value of 0 is modulated. 2. Press +/- > 1 > En[...]

184 Chapter 7 Custom Real T ime I/Q Baseband Wo rking wi th Differ ential Da ta Encod ing 5. Press Return > Differ ent ial En codi ng Off On . This applies the custom differential encoding to a user - defined modulation. NOTE No ti c e t hat (UNSTORED) appears next to Differential State Map on the signal generator’s display. Differential stat [...]

Chapter 8 185 8 Multitone W aveform Generator In the follo wing sections, this chapte r describes the multitone mode, which is available only in E826 7D PSG Vector S ignal Gen era tors wit h Opt ion 60 1 or 6 02: • “Overview” on page 185 • “Creating, Viewing, and Optimizing Multitone W avef orms” on page 1 86 See also: Chapt er 3, “Ba[...]

186 Chapter 8 Multitone Waveform Generator Creat ing, V iewing , and Optimi zing Mult itone W aveforms Creating, Viewing , and Optimizing Multitone W aveforms This section describes ho w to set up, generat e, and optimize a multitone wav efo rm while viewing it with a spectr um analyzer . Although you can view a generated multitone signal using any[...]

Chapter 8 187 Multitone Waveform Gene rator Creating, Viewing, and Optimizing Multitone Waveforms The wa veform has nine tones spaced 1 MHz apar t with random initial phase values. The center to ne is placed at the car rier frequency , while t he othe r eight ton es are spaced in 1 MHz increments from the center t one. If you create an even number [...]

188 Chapter 8 Multitone Waveform Generator Creat ing, V iewing , and Optimi zing Mult itone W aveforms Figure 8-3 T o Edit the Multit one Setup T able This pr ocedure builds upon th e previous procedure. 1. Press Initialize T able > Number of T ones > 10 > Ente r . 2. Press Done . 3. Highlight th e value ( On ) in t he State co lu mn f or [...]

Chapter 8 189 Multitone Waveform Gene rator Creating, Viewing, and Optimizing Multitone Waveforms 9. Press App ly Mu ltit one . NOTE Whenever a change is made to a setting while the multit one generator is operating ( M ultitone Off On set t o On), y ou must apply the change b y pressing the Apply Multitone softke y before the upd ated wa vef orm w[...]

190 Chapter 8 Multitone Waveform Generator Creat ing, V iewing , and Optimi zing Mult itone W aveforms Figure 8-5 T o Minimiz e Carrier Feedth rough This pr ocedure describes how to minimize carrier f eedthrough and measure t he difference in pow er between the tones and their int er modulation distor tion products. Carrier feedthrough can only be [...]

Chapter 8 191 Multitone Waveform Gene rator Creating, Viewing, and Optimizing Multitone Waveforms 7 . Turn on wa vef orm av eragin g. 8. Create a marker and place it on the peak o f one of the end to nes. 9. Create a delt a marker and place it on the peak of th e adjacent inter modulation product, which should be spaced 10 MHz from the marked tone.[...]

192 Chapter 8 Multitone Waveform Generator Creat ing, V iewing , and Optimi zing Mult itone W aveforms 4. Press Done . 5. Press App ly Mu ltit one . 6. Press More (1 of 2) > ARB S etup > Waveform Utilitie s > Waveform Statistics > Plot CCDF . Y o u should no w see a display that is similar to the one sho wn in Fig ur e 8- 7 . The CCDF p[...]

Chapter 8 193 Multitone Waveform Gene rator Creating, Viewing, and Optimizing Multitone Waveforms Figure 8-8 CCDF Plot with Random Phase Set Peak Power[...]

194 Chapter 8 Multitone Waveform Generator Creat ing, V iewing , and Optimi zing Mult itone W aveforms[...]

Chapter 9 195 9 T wo- T one W aveform Generator In the f ollo wing sectio ns, this cha pter descri bes the tw o- ton e mode, which is a vailable on ly in E8267D PSG vect or si gnal gen erat ors wit h Op tion 601 or 60 2: • “Overview” on page 195 • “Creating, Viewing, and Modifying T wo- Tone W avef orms” o n page 195 See also: “ A r b[...]

196 Chapter 9 Tw o -To n e W a v e f o r m G e n e r a t o r Cre ating , Vie win g, an d Mod ify ing T wo - T on e Wavef orms Figure 9- 1 Spectru m Analyzer Setup To C r e a t e a Tw o - To n e W a v e f o r m This procedure describes h ow to create and a basic, center- aligned, tw o- tone wav eform. 1. Preset the signal g enerator . 2 . S e t t h [...]

Chapter 9 197 Tw o - To n e W a v e f o r m G e n e r a t o r Cre ating , Vie win g, an d Mod ify ing T wo - T on e Wavefo rms Figure 9-2 To V i e w a Tw o - To n e W a v e f o r m This procedure describes ho w t o co nfigure t he spectr um analyzer to view a tw o - tone wav eform and its IMD pr oducts. Act ual ke y presses will vary , depe nding o[...]

198 Chapter 9 Tw o -To n e W a v e f o r m G e n e r a t o r Cre ating , Vie win g, an d Mod ify ing T wo - T on e Wavef orms Figure 9-3 T o Minimiz e Carrier Feedth rough This pr ocedure describes how to minimize carrier f eedthrough and measure t he difference in pow er between the tones and their int ermodulatio n distort ion products. Carrier f[...]

Chapter 9 199 Tw o - To n e W a v e f o r m G e n e r a t o r Cre ating , Vie win g, an d Mod ify ing T wo - T on e Wavefo rms 6. On t he spectrum analyzer , return t he resolution bandwidt h to its previous setting. 7 . Turn on wa vef orm av eragin g. 8. Create a marker and place it on the peak o f one of the two tones. 9. Create a delt a marker a[...]

200 Chapter 9 Tw o -To n e W a v e f o r m G e n e r a t o r Cre ating , Vie win g, an d Mod ify ing T wo - T on e Wavef orms 1. On the signal generator , press Mode Setup > Alignmen t Left C ent Righ t to Le ft . 2. Press Apply Se ttings to r eg en er ate th e wa v ef orm. NOTE Whenever a change is made to a setting while th e two - tone genera[...]

Chapter 10 201 10 A WGN W aveform Generator In the f ollo wing se ctions, this chapter co ntains exa mple s f or usin g the A WGN wa vef or m gen erator , which is av ailable onl y in E8 267D v ector PSGs wi th Options 60 1 or 602 and Option 403 : • “Arb W avef o r m Generat or A WGN” on page 2 01 • “Real T ime I /Q Base band A W GN” on[...]

202 Chapter 10 AWGN W aveform Generato r Configuring the AWGN Generator Generat ing the W aveform Press AWGN Off On until On i s highlighted. T h i s g e n e r a t e s a n A W G N w a v e f o r m w i t h t h e p a r a m e t ers defined in t he previous procedure. During wav eform generation , the AWGN and I/Q a n n u n c i a t o r s a c t i v a t e[...]

Chapter 11 203 11 Pe ripheral Devices This chapter pro vides information on peripheral devices used with PSG signal generators. Th e N 5 1 0 2 A B a s e b a n d S t u d i o d i g i t a l s i g n a l i n t e r f a c e m o d u l e a n d e x t e n d e d f r e q u e n c y s o u r c e m o d u l e operation and feat ures are described in t he follo wing [...]

204 Chapter 11 Periphe ral Devi ces N5102A Digital Signal I nterface Module Figure 11- 1 Data Setu p Menu for a Parallel Port Confi guration The N5 102A mo dule cloc k rate is set using the Clock Rate sof tke y and has a range of 1 kHz to 400 MHz. The sample rate is automatically calculated and has a range of 1 kHz t o 100 MHz. These ranges can be [...]

Chapter 11 205 Periph eral Devices N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module The lev els will degrade abov e the war ranted level clo ck rates, but t hey ma y still be usable. Serial Port Con figuration Clock Rat es F or a serial por t configurat ion, the low er clock rate limit is deter mined b y t he wo rd size (wo rd size and sam ple size are synon[...]

206 Chapter 11 Periphe ral Devi ces N5102A Digital Signal I nterface Module Parallel a nd Parallel Inter leaved Port Config uration Clock Rates Parallel and par allel interleav ed port configur ations ha ve other limit ing factors f or the clock and sample r ates: •l o g i c t y p e • Clocks per sample selec tion • IQ or IF digit al signal ty[...]

Chapter 11 207 Periph eral Devices N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module Clock Source The clock signal f or t he N5102A module is provided in one of t hree ways through the follo w ing selections: • Inter nal: generated inter nally in the inter face module (requires an exter nal reference) •E x t e r n a l : generated ex ternally thr ough the [...]

208 Chapter 11 Periphe ral Devi ces N5102A Digital Signal I nterface Module clock inside the signal generat or must ha ve the same base frequency reference as the clock used by the devic e under test. PSG Freq uency Reference Connec tions When a frequency reference is connected to th e PSG, it is applied to one of two rear - panel conne ct ors: •[...]

Chapter 11 209 Periph eral Devices N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module Figure 11- 3 Frequency Reference Set up Diagrams for th e N5102A Modul e Clock Signal NOTE : Use only one of t he two signal generato r frequency ref erence i nputs. Internally Generated Cloc k Device (DUT) Supplied Clock[...]

210 Chapter 11 Periphe ral Devi ces N5102A Digital Signal I nterface Module Clock T iming for Para llel Data S o m e c o m p o n e n t s r e q u i r e m u l t i p l e c l o c k s d u r i n g a s i n g l e s a m p l e p e r i o d . ( A s a m p l e p e r i o d c o n s i s t s o f an I and Q sam ple). For parallel data transmission s, you can select o[...]

Chapter 11 211 Periph eral Devices N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module Figure 1 1-4 Clock Sample Timing for Paralle l Port Confi guration 1 Sample Period Q sample 1 Clock Pe r Sample 1 Clock Clock and sam ple rates are the same I sample Clo ck 4 bits per word 4 bits per word[...]

212 Chapter 11 Periphe ral Devi ces N5102A Digital Signal I nterface Module 1 Sample Period 4 Clocks Per Sample 4 Clocks Sample rate decreases by a factor of f our I sample Q sample Clock 4 bits per word 4 bits per word 1 Sample Per iod 2 Clocks Per Sample 2 Clocks I sample Q sample Sample rate decreases by a factor of two Clock 4 bits per word 4 b[...]

Chapter 11 213 Periph eral Devices N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module Clock T iming for Para llel Interleaved Da ta The N5102A module pro vides the capability to int erleav e the digit al I and Q sam ples. There are two choice s for int erleaving: • IQ, where the I sample is transmitted f irst • QI, wh ere the Q sam ple is trans mitted firs[...]

214 Chapter 11 Periphe ral Devi ces N5102A Digital Signal I nterface Module 1 Sample Period 4 Clocks Pe r Sample 4 Clocks The I sample is transmitted for t he first two c lock peri ods and the Q sample is transmitted during the second two Clock Q sample 4 bits per word I sample 4 bits per word clock periods; the sample rate is decreased by a factor[...]

Chapter 11 215 Periph eral Devices N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module Clock Timing for Serial Data Figure 11 - 6 sho ws the clock timing for a serial por t confi guration. Notice that t he serial transmission includes frame pulses that mark the beginning of each sampl e while th e clock delineates the beginning of each bit. For s erial t ransmi[...]

216 Chapter 11 Periphe ral Devi ces N5102A Digital Signal I nterface Module Figure 11- 7 Clock Phase an d Skew A djustments Connect ing the Clock Source and the Devic e Under T est As shown in F igure 11- 3 o n page 209 , t here are numerous ways to pro vide a common frequency reference to the system components (PSG, N5102A module, and the device u[...]

Chapter 11 217 Periph eral Devices N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module Figure 11-8 Example Setup usi ng the PSG 10 MHz Frequency Reference 1. Refe r to the fiv e setup diagrams in Figure 11- 3 on page 20 9 and connect the frequency ref eren ce cable accor ding to the clock source. 2. If a n external clock source is used, connect the external clo[...]

218 Chapter 11 Periphe ral Devi ces N5102A Digital Signal I nterface Module Data T ypes The f ollo wing block diagram indicates where in the PSG signal generation process the data is injected f or input mo de or tapped for output mode. Output Mode When using an ARB f or mat, the dat a type is always Sam ples and no filt ering is applied to t he dat[...]

Chapter 11 219 Periph eral Devices N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module The Filter so f tk ey accesses a menu that en ables you set the desired filtering parameters. Oper ating th e N5102A Mo dule in Outpu t Mode This se ction sho ws ho w to set the pa rameters f or the N5 102A O ption 003 module i n output mode using the front- panel k eys. Each[...]

220 Chapter 11 Periphe ral Devi ces N5102A Digital Signal I nterface Module Figure 11- 9 First-Level Sof tkey Menu Choosing th e Logic T ype an d Port Conf iguration Figure 11- 10 Lo gic and Port Confi guration S oftkey Menus 1. Refer to Fig ur e 1 1- 10 . Press the Logic T ype so f tke y. From thi s me nu, c hoo se a l ogi c typ e. Line is grayed [...]

Chapter 11 221 Periph eral Devices N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module CAUTION Changing t he logic type can increas e or decrease the s ignal voltage level going to the device under test. T o av oid damaging the device and/or the N5102A module, ensure that bot h are capable of handling the voltage change. 2. Select t he logic type required f or [...]

222 Chapter 11 Periphe ral Devi ces N5102A Digital Signal I nterface Module Figure 11- 11 Dat a Setup Menu Location This softke y menu accesses the various parameters t hat gov ern the dat a received by the devic e under test. The st atus area of th e displa y shows the number of data lines used for both I and Q along with the clock po sition re la[...]

Chapter 11 223 Periph eral Devices N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module Figure 11- 12 Data S etup Softkey M enu with Paral lel Port Config uration 2. If a r eal- time modulation f ormat is being used, press the Da ta T y pe sof tk ey. (This softk ey is inactiv e w h e n a n A R B m o d u l a t i o n f o r m a t i s t u r n e d o n . ) In this men[...]

224 Chapter 11 Periphe ral Devi ces N5102A Digital Signal I nterface Module 6. Press the More (1 of 2) so f tkey. From this sof tke y menu, select t he bit order , swap I and Q, select t he polarity of t he transmitted data, and access menus th at pro vide data negation, scaling, gain , offse t, and IQ rotation adjustment s. 7 . Press the Data Nega[...]

Chapter 11 225 Periph eral Devices N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module From this soft ke y menu, set all of the clock parameters that synchronize the clocks between the N5102A modul e and t he PSG. Y ou can also change the clock signal phase so the clo ck occurs during the valid port ion of the dat a. Figu re 11- 14 sho ws the clock setup menu. [...]

226 Chapter 11 Periphe ral Devi ces N5102A Digital Signal I nterface Module This error is repor ted when t he output FIFO is ov erf lo wing in t he digital module. This error can be generat ed if an ext ernal clock or its ref erence is not set up properly , or if the in ternal VCO is unlock ed. 806 Digital module output FIFO underflow e rror; There[...]

Chapter 11 227 Periph eral Devices N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module 6. Press the Cl ock Ph ase softke y. From the menu that appea rs, y ou can adjust the phase of t he clock relative to the data in 90 degree increments. The selections pro vide a coarse adjustment for positioning t he clock on the valid portion of the da ta. Selecting 180 degr[...]

228 Chapter 11 Periphe ral Devi ces N5102A Digital Signal I nterface Module Gene rating Di gital Data Press the N5102A Off On soft key to On. Digital dat a is no w being tran sf er red through the N 5102A module to the device. The g reen status light should be blinking. This indicates that the dat a lines are active. If the st atus light is solidly[...]

Chapter 11 229 Periph eral Devices N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module Figure 11- 15 F irst-Level Softk ey Menu Select ing the In put Direct ion If both Opti on 003 (output mode) and Opti on 004 (in put mode) are installed, y ou must sele ct the input di rection. Press Data Setup > Direct ion Input Output to In put and press Return . NOTE If [...]

230 Chapter 11 Periphe ral Devi ces N5102A Digital Signal I nterface Module Choosing th e Logic T ype an d Port Conf iguration Figure 11- 16 Lo gic and Port Confi guration S oftkey Menus 1. Refer to Fig ur e 1 1- 16 . Press the Logic T ype so f tke y. From thi s me nu, c hoo se a l ogi c typ e. CAUTION C h a n g i n g t h e l o g i c t y p e c a n [...]

Chapter 11 231 Periph eral Devices N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module Configur ing the Clock Si gnal 1. Press the Clock Setup softke y , as sho wn in Fig ur e 1 1- 17 . Figure 11- 17 Clock S etup Menu Loca tion From this soft ke y menu, set all of the clock parameters that synchronize the dat a betw een t he N5102A module and the device. From t[...]

232 Chapter 11 Periphe ral Devi ces N5102A Digital Signal I nterface Module Figure 11-18 Clock Setup S oftkey Menu for a Parallel Port Configuration The top graphic on the display sho w s the current clock source that pro vides the output clock signal at the C lock Out and Device Inter face connectors. The g raphic changes to ref lect t he clock so[...]

Chapter 11 233 Periph eral Devices N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module Fo r t he Externa l selection, the signal is supplied by an external clock source and applied to the Ext Clock In connector . F or the De vice selection, t he clock signal is supplied through the Device Inter face connector , generally by the device being tested. If Internal [...]

234 Chapter 11 Periphe ral Devi ces N5102A Digital Signal I nterface Module The sk ew has discrete values with a range that is dependent on the clock rate. Refer to “Clock Timing fo r Phase and Sk ew A djustment s” on page 215 f or more info r mation on ske w settings. 8. Enter the ske w adjustment that best position s the clock with t he valid[...]

Chapter 11 235 Periph eral Devices N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module Figure 11- 20 Data S etup Softkey M enu with Paral lel Port Config uration 2. Press the Dat a T y pe softkey. In this menu, select th e data type t o be either f ilt ered ( Sam p les ) o r unfilt ered ( Pre-FIR Sa mples ). The selection is dependent on the test needs and t he[...]

236 Chapter 11 Periphe ral Devi ces Millimeter-W ave Source Modules 6. Press the More (1 of 2) so f tkey. F r o m t h i s s o f t k e y m e n u , s e l e c t t h e b i t o r d e r , s w a p I a n d Q , t h e p o l a r i t y o f t h e d a t a , a n d a c c e s s menus that provides data negation, scaling, and filt ering para meters. 7 . Press the Da[...]

Chapter 11 237 Periph eral Devices Millimeter-W ave Source Module s The fo llowing is a list of equipment required f or extending t he frequency range of t he signal generat or: • Agilent 8355x series millimeter - wa ve sour ce module • Ag ilent 8349 B microwav e amplif ier (req uired o nly for the E8 257D PSG wit hou t Optio n 1EA) • RF outp[...]

238 Chapter 11 Periphe ral Devi ces Millimeter-W ave Source Modules Figure 11- 21 Setu p for E8257D P SG without Option 1EA[...]

Chapter 11 239 Periph eral Devices Millimeter-W ave Source Module s Figure 11- 22 Setu p for E8267D PSG and E825 7D PSG w ith Option 1EA Configur ing the Si gnal Gen erator 1. Tur n on t he signal generat or’s line pow er . NOTE Refer to the mm- wa ve source module specifications for the specific frequency and amplitude ranges. 2. Press Frequency[...]

240 Chapter 11 Periphe ral Devi ces Millimeter-W ave Source Modules When the 8355x series mm- wav e source is enable via the front panel Agilent 8355x Source Module Off On softk e y , the MMOD indi cator in the FREQUENCY area and the MM indicator in the AMPLITUDE area will appear on t he signal generato r’s display. 3. If th e RF OFF annu nciator[...]

Chapter 11 241 Periph eral Devices Millimeter-W ave Source Module s Figure 11- 23 Setu p for E8257D P SG without Option 1EA Figure 11- 24 Setu p for E8267D PSG and E825 7D PSG w ith Option 1EA[...]

242 Chapter 11 Periphe ral Devi ces Millimeter-W ave Source Modules Configur ing the Si gnal Gene rator The fo llowing pr ocedure configures a PSG for use with any external source module that has a WR (wav eguide rect angular) frequency range of 90- 140 GHz. Y ou can modify th e frequency range to match y our source mo dule. 1. Tur n on t he signal[...]

Chapter 12 243 12 T r oubleshooting This chapter pro vides basic troubleshooting information for Agilent PSG signal generators. If you do not find a solution here, refer to th e E8257D/6 7D PSG S ignal Ge nerato rs Servi ce Guide . NOTE If t he signal generato r displays an er ror , always read the error message text by pressing Utility > Error [...]

244 Chapter 12 T roubles hooting RF Ou tp ut P owe r Pr obl ems RF Outp ut Power too Low 1. Look for an OFFS or REF indicator i n the AMPLITUDE area of the display. OFFS tells yo u t hat an amplitude o f fset has been set. An amplitude o f fset changes the value shown in the AMPLITUDE area of the display but does not affect the output po wer . The [...]

Chapter 12 245 T roublesh ooting RF O utp ut P owe r Pr ob lems Figure 12- 1 Effects of Re verse Power on ALC T h e i n t e r n a l l y l e v e l e d s i g n a l g e n e r a t o r R F o u t p u t ( a n d A L C l e v e l ) i s - 8 d B m . T h e m i x e r i s d r i v e n w i t h a n L O o f + 1 0 d B m a n d h a s a n L O - t o -R F i s o l a t i o n[...]

246 Chapter 12 T roubles hooting RF Ou tp ut P owe r Pr obl ems Figure 12- 2 Reverse P ower Solution Compared to the original conf iguration, t he ALC level is 10 dB higher while the att enuator reduces the LO feedthrough (and the RF output of the signal generato r) by 10 dB. Using the atten uated configuration, t he detect or is exposed to a +2 dB[...]

Chapter 12 247 T roublesh ooting No Mo du latio n a t the RF Ou tput 4 . T u r n t h e R F o f f : s e t RF On/Off to Off 5. T urn t he signal generator’s automatic levelin g control (ALC) off: press Amplit ude > ALC Off On to Off. 6. Monitor t he RF output amplitude as measured by t he pow er meter . 7 . Press Ampl itude and adjust t he signa[...]

248 Chapter 12 T roubles hooting Sweep P roblems Sweep Problems Sweep App ears to be S talled The current status of t he sweep is ind icat ed as a shaded rectangle in t he progress bar . Y ou can observe the progress bar to deter mine if t he sweep is pro gressing. If t he sweep appears to hav e stalled, check the follo wing: ❏ Hav e y ou turned [...]

Chapter 12 249 T roublesh ooting Data St orage Pr oblems 4. Observe if the Dwell T y pe List S tep softkey is set to Step. When Step is selected, th e signal generator will sweep the list points using the dw ell time set for step sweep rather than th e sweep lis t dwell values. T o view the step sweep dw ell time, f ollo w these steps: a. Press Co [...]

250 Chapter 12 T roubles hooting Cannot T urn Off Help Mode Cannot T urn Off Help Mode 1. Press Utility > Instrum ent Info/Help Mode 2. Press Help Mode Single Cont un til Sing le is highlighted. The signal gener ator has tw o help modes; single and co ntinuous. When yo u press Help in single mode (the fact or y preset condition), help t ext is p[...]

Chapter 12 251 T roublesh ooting Error Mess ages CAUTION Carefully read the entire message! It may list additional risks with this procedure. 3. Release the Preset key. 4. T o continue with t he sequence, press Conti nue ( t o a b o r t w i t h n o l o s t f i l e s , p r e s s Abor t ). 5. Wh en the sequence concludes, do the follo wing: a. Cycle [...]

252 Chapter 12 T roubles hooting Error Me ssages Error M essage File A c o m p l e t e l i s t o f e r r o r m e s s a g e s i s p r o v i d e d i n t h e f i l e error messages.pdf , on the CDROM supplied wit h your instr u men t. In the er ror message list, an explanation is generally included with each er ror to fur ther clarify its meaning. The[...]

Chapter 12 253 T roublesh ooting Contacting Agilent Sales and Service Offices The <error_m essage> string f or a po sitive er ror is not defin ed by SCPI. A positive error indicates t hat the instr ument detect ed an error within t he GPIB system, wit hin the instr ument’s fir mware or hardware, during the transfer of block data, or during [...]

254 Chapter 12 T roubles hooting Returning a Signal Generator to Agilent T echnologies[...]

Index 255 Index Symbols Φ M 15 , 13 9 Numerics 003, option 3 004, option 3 005, option 3 007, option 2 , 5 , 43 015, option 3 016, option 3 1 GHz REF OUT connector 25 10 MHz EFC connector 26 10 MHz IN connector 27 10 MHz OUT connector 28 128QAM I/Q modulation, creating 15 6 1410, ap pl i ca tion n ote 185 , 195 1E1, opti o n 3 1EA, o pti on 3 1ED,[...]

Index 256 Index AUXILIAR Y INTERF ACE connector 27 AW G N ARB 201 dual ARB player 86 real-time 201 B bandwidth ALC, selecting 11 9 reference oscillator , adjusting 134 base band clippin g 108 – 11 6 scaling 11 6 – 11 8 BASEBAND GEN C LK IN connector 28 base band gen erat or 71 A WGN 201 custom arb mo de 6 , 143 custom real-time I/Q mo de 6 , 16[...]

Index 257 Index contrast ad justmen ts 12 correction array (user fl atness) configur ation 125 load from s tep array 126 viewing 126 See also user flatness cor rection couplers/splitters, using 120 custom arb 72 custom arb waveform gen erator 6 , 1 43 – 163 custom mod e 71 custom real-time I /Q baseband 6 , 165 – 184 CW mod e configur ing 36 de[...]

Index 258 Index dwell time 39 E E8257D optional features 2 standard featur es 2 E8267D optional features 3 standard featur es 3 Edit Item softke y 35 Erase All 63 , 64 , 66 erase and overwrite 63 erase and sanitize 63 erasing memory 59 , 63 , 64 , 66 ERR annunciator 15 , 251 error messages DAC ov er-ra nge 11 6 – 11 8 displa y 17 message format 2[...]

Index 259 Index frequency output li mi ts, clo ck rates & logic levels 204 freque ncy range 53 freque ncy reference common 207 hookup d iagrams 209 front p anel descripti on 7 – 14 disabl ing keys 66 FSK files 55 modulation 155 , 15 9 , 160 G GA TE/PULSE/TRIGGER connector 11 gate d 140 gate d tri g ger i n g 103 , 105 Gaussian filter, selecti[...]

Index 260 Index leveling ALC 246 external 120 – 123 internal 11 9 mm-w ave so urce mo du le, usin g 236 LF OUT connector 32 LF output 141 – 142 LF OUTPUT connector 10 license key 66 limits, clock & sample r ates, logic outputs 204 line power LED 12 line switch 12 list error messa ges 252 files 55 mode values table editor 34 sweep 41 , 248 l[...]

Index 261 Index multicarrier waveform 143 , 145 , 162 multitone 71 multitone mode 6 multito ne waveform gener ator 185 – 193 N N510 2A 203 baseband da ta 219 clock rates 203 clock se ttings 224 , 231 clock source descripti on 207 clock timing 203 , 210 common frequency reference 207 connections to clo ck and device 21 6 data parameters, setting 2[...]

Index 262 Index P Page Down softkey 35 Page Up so ftkey 35 parallel clock rates 206 data clock timing 210 interleaved data clock timing 213 sample rates 206 P A TTERN TRIG IN connector 22 peak to averag e power CCDF curve 11 4 , 19 1 high rati os 11 0 multitone characteristics 19 1 reducing 11 1 performance, optimizing 11 9 – 13 5 peripher al dev[...]

Index 263 Index reference amplitude, setting 38 frequency , settin g 37 oscillato r bandwidth, adjusting 134 regist ers 57 , 58 remote operation 128 remote operation annunciator 16 reset & run trigger response 104 resp onse, trig geri n g mo de 103 restri cted data 59 Return hard key 12 returnin g a signal ge nerator 253 RF blankin g 243 marker[...]

Index 264 Index Signa l S tudio soft w are 185 , 195 single step s weep 40 single tr igger mode 103 single tr igger , setting 162 skew clock timing 215 range 215 SMI connector 29 softke ys 8 , 17 , 35 software available for PSG 1 optio ns 4 source module 236 source module inter face 29 SOURCE SETTLED con nector 29 source, external trigger 104 spect[...]

Index 265 Index real-time I/Q 156 , 182 V vector PSG optional features 3 standard featur es 3 VIDEO OUT connector 11 volatile memo ry 83 W warrante d logic out put clock rates 204 waveform memo ry 60 waveforms analog mo dulation 137 ARB file headers 72 – 82 CCDF curve 11 4 – 11 5 clippin g 108 – 11 6 custom 1 43 – 163 custom real-time I/Q b[...]

Index 266 Index[...]