Apple 8 manual

L ogic Expr ess 8 Getting Star ted[...]

 Apple Inc. © 2007 Apple Inc. All rights reserved. Under the copyright laws, this manual may not be copied, in whole or in part, without the written consen t of Apple. Y our rights to the software are governed by the accompanying software licence agr eement. The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Inc ., registered in the U.S. and other countrie[...]

3 1 C onten ts Prefac e 5 W elcome to Logic 6 Con ventions of This Manual Chapter 1 7 Starting Y our Project and Importing Media Files 9 A Quick Note About T emplates 9 Getting to Know the Arrange Window 10 Creating T racks 13 Adding Media F iles 18 Navigating Y our Project 21 Undoing Operations 22 Selecting T racks and Regions Chapter 2 25 Recordi[...]

4 Contents Chapter 7 63 Mixing and Expor ting Y our Project 64 Using the Channel Strip Con trols 65 Changing the Routing of Channel Strips 67 Automating Y our M ix 70 Exporting Y our P roject Chapter 8 7 1 Speeding Up Y our W orkflow 71 Using Key Commands 72 Using Screensets 73 Using Con trol Sur faces Appendix A 7 5 Audio and MIDI Basics 75 MIDI 7[...]

5 Prefac e W elcome to L ogic This guide is designed t o get you up and running with L ogic in the shor test possible time . It does not cover all areas of the program. What y ou will find are descriptions of the most essential aspects of L ogic’ s inter face, commands, and menus—the “tip of the iceberg ,” if you will. In most cases, one me[...]

6 Preface Welcome to Logic Con ventions of This Manual The following c onv entions are used in this manual: Menu F unctions F or functions that can be reached via hierarchical menus, the different menu lev els are illustrated as follows: M enu > Menu entry > Function. Important Entries Some text will be shown as follows: Important: Informatio[...]

1 7 1 Star ting Y our P roject and Impor ting Media F iles The basic L ogic file (or document) type is the project. A project can contain audio rec ordings , MIDI per formances , and your personal w orking preference s. A project must be open before you can w ork in Logic. T o launch Logic, open and save a new project: 1 Double-click the Logic icon[...]

8 Chapter 1 Starting Your Project and Importing Media Files The empty project will open, and y ou will see the New T racks dialog. 3 Ensure that the Audio button is highlight ed. I f not, click it. 4 F or now , simply click the Create button at the lower-right corner of the New T racks dialog. The main Logic windo w—the Arrange—is shown, with o[...]

Chapter 1 Starting Your Project and Importing Media Files 9 A Quick Note About T emplates When you first open Logic, it looks for a project file. If no suitable files are found, the T emplates dialog automatically opens. Y ou can also open it at any time by choosing File > New . The T emplates dialog contains a number of “ready-t o-wear” pro[...]

10 Chapter 1 Starting Your Project and Importing Media Files  T o olbar: T oolbar buttons execute several major functions. The Media and Lists buttons open/close the Media and Lists areas (shown below the buttons , when open).  Loc al menu bar: Provide s access to window-s pecific func tions.  T o ol menu: Provide s access to tools , used f o[...]

Chapter 1 Starting Your Project and Importing Media Files 11 Check out the F ormat, Input, and other options available while the dialog is open. 4 Click the Create button. The dialog closes , and three new audio tracks (“ Audio 2,” “ Audio 3,” and “ Audio 4”) are created in the Arrange track list. 5 Repeat the steps above , but click th[...]

12 Chapter 1 Starting Your Project and Importing Media Files 3 Click on any of the entrie s (known as settings ) shown in the second or third column. Play your keyboard after loading each setting . Y ou will see that the lef t Arrange channel strip automatically update s—usually with at least two or more (blue) Insert slots, plus the Instrument s[...]

Chapter 1 Starting Your Project and Importing Media Files 13 Adding Media F iles When you recor d or add MIDI or audio files (media, in other words) to the Arrange window , narrow rectangles called regions appear—horizontally aligned on track lanes . An audio region repr esents an underlying audio file (or a portion of it). T his can be an existi[...]

14 Chapter 1 Starting Your Project and Importing Media Files T o add an audio region by importing an audio Apple L oop to an audio track: 1 In the Media area to the right of the Arrange window , click the Loops tab . The Loop B rowser replace s the Librar y . 2 Click the Column View button towards the top right of the L oop Browser . 3 Click All in[...]

Chapter 1 Starting Your Project and Importing Media Files 15 T o add other audio file types with the Browser: 1 Click the Browser tab at the t op of the Media area. The Bro wser replaces the L oop Browser . 2 Locate the de sired file in the Browser . Navigation in the Bro wser is much like using the Mac OS X Finder . The method of navigation is the[...]

16 Chapter 1 Starting Your Project and Importing Media Files Y ou can switch the Browser between tw o views: List and Browser view . Â List view displays f olders and their contents in a list. Y ou enter a folder by double- clicking it. Â Browser view expose s the contents of a f older in new frames to the right of the selected folder . Y ou only[...]

Chapter 1 Starting Your Project and Importing Media Files 17 Y ou can consider the MIDI region a container for MIDI inf ormation. T his can include— either individually or in combination—note even ts, controllers , program changes, or even SysEx f or your MIDI tone generators . All MIDI event types are discussed in the Logic user manual. Import[...]

18 Chapter 1 Starting Your Project and Importing Media Files T o create a track and import an audio file in one step , either: m Double-click on an audio file name in the Brow ser . m Drag an audio file from the F inder into the Arrange window . A new audio track is created at the bott om of the track list. An audio region is created at the playhea[...]

Chapter 1 Starting Your Project and Importing Media Files 19 Using the Bar Ruler The Bar ruler displa ys the project timeline, from left to right. I t is broken down into bar and beat divisions, indicated by vertical lines and numbers. Y ou can also view actual time values b y clicking on the note icon at the right-hand end of the Bar ruler , and c[...]

20 Chapter 1 Starting Your Project and Importing Media Files Setting and Using the C ycle The upper portion of the Bar ruler contains the cycle stripe—shaded gray when inactive, or green when active. The c ycle acts as a set of playback markers (or locators). When Logic is in C ycle mode, the playhead will continuously loop between the start and [...]

Chapter 1 Starting Your Project and Importing Media Files 21 T o change the c ycle length: m Move the mouse ov er the right or lef t-hand end of the cycle in the Bar ruler (the cursor will change to a resiz e icon), and drag it to the right or left. Keep an eye on the loca tor displa y in the T ransport bar while changing the cycle length . Undoing[...]

22 Chapter 1 Starting Your Project and Importing Media Files T o reverse a number of operations , commands , or functions: 1 Choose Edit > Undo History (or press Option-Z) to open the Undo History window . The Undo History window shows a list of all operations. All operations are listed from the bottom up—with the most recent operation sho wn [...]

Chapter 1 Starting Your Project and Importing Media Files 23 Selec ting Regions Regions can be freely selected on any track, at any time—regardless of whether or not the parent track is selected . T o selec t a region: m Click directly on the audio region on the Audio 1 track. Selected regions are easily identified by a black name bar that s pans[...]

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2 25 2 Recor ding Both audio and MIDI information can be r ecorded directly in the Arrange area. The procedure is mor e or less the same for an y recordings y ou make: selec t (and arm) a track, star t recording, per form, stop recording . Recordings can even a utomatically star t and end at predefined positions (punch recor ding), can be comp-ed, [...]

26 Chapter 2 Recording T o set the project sample rate: m Choose File > P roject S ettings > Audio (or use the Open Audio P roject S ettings key command), and choose the desired sample rate in the Sample Rate menu. T o set the basic project tempo, do one of the following: m Click-hold the T ransport tempo value and drag up or down. m Double-c[...]

Chapter 2 Recording 27 T o alter the metronome settings: 1 Click the Settings button in the Arrange T oolbar , and choose Metronome from the menu. In general, you won ’t need to alter the Metronome settings, but some people prefer to only hear the click during the count-in. 2 Do one of the following  Check the “Only during count-in ” checkb[...]

28 Chapter 2 Recording Recording A udio Regions The following assume s you hav e correctly connected a microphone, guitar , or some other audio source that y ou can record . F or more information on doing this , see the Logic user manual. T o make a standard audio recording: 1 T urn off Cycle mode , if enabled . 2 Click the Record Enable button on [...]

Chapter 2 Recording 29 Recording Takes Logic pro vides advanced take management facilitie s. A take is a par t (a guitar solo, for example) that is per formed and recor ded multiple times. Y ou can record several consecutive versions of a solo , and pick the best tak e, for example. T akes are usually created by rec ording in C ycle mode, but can a[...]

30 Chapter 2 Recording T o selec t differen t takes when viewing an open take folder: m Click on the corres ponding take header . All take editing operations are cover ed in the Recording chapter of the L ogic user manual . Recording an Instrumen t P ar t Earlier on, you used the Librar y to load an instrument into the Inst 4 track, and chose a set[...]

Chapter 2 Recording 31 T o correct the timing of your recording: m Click on the Quantization value in the Region P arameter box, and tr y out a few quantization value s. If you find one that nicely tightens things up—keep it! If you really blew it, re-record the part. Press the Backspac e key (or choose the Eraser tool, and click on the region—[...]

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3 33 3 Creating Y our Arrangemen t The large gr ay spac e to the right of the track list is the Arrange area. This is where recor ded or imported audio or MIDI regions (such as the Apple Loops you ’ve added , and y our recordings) are arranged in to a song struc ture. Y ou can freely drag and drop your regions fr om position to position, loop, co[...]

34 Chapter 3 Creating Your Arrangement Choosing T ools Key to selecting, and altering , audio and MIDI regions in the Arrange (and events or data in other editing windows) are the tools. The T ool menus contain a P ointer , P encil, Eraser , Scissor , and Glue tools (amongst others) that allow you t o select, create , and edit regions (or events). [...]

Chapter 3 Creating Your Arrangement 35 ∏ Tip: Y ou can quick ly access tools by pr essing the Esc key on your computer keyboard . The T ool menu will float at the current mouse pointer position. When this floating menu appears, simply click the appropriate tool (or pre ss the corresponding keyboard key , shown to the right of the tool names) to m[...]

36 Chapter 3 Creating Your Arrangement  Editing lengths (by click-holding the bottom right or left corner of a region or ev ent, and dragging horizontally).  Click-holding and dragging—horizontally and/or v er tically—anywhere on the window ’ s background allows you to rubber band select multiple regions (or even ts). P encil The P encil [...]

Chapter 3 Creating Your Arrangement 37 T o mute several reg ions with the Mute tool: 1 Shift-click, or rubber band select the regions that you want to mute (this selection can be made when the Mute or P ointer tool is active). 2 Click on any of the selected regions with the Mute tool. ∏ Tip: Y ou can also mute one or more selected regions by righ[...]

38 Chapter 3 Creating Your Arrangement Muting T racks Y ou can click on a track ’ s Mute button to stop the track (and ther efore all regions on the track lane) from playing . The button turns blue when active. T o mute multiple tracks: m Click-hold the Mute button of one track, and drag the mouse up or down. The Mute buttons of all swiped tracks[...]

Chapter 3 Creating Your Arrangement 39 Moving Regions Key to creating any arrangemen t is the abilit y to move song segments (regions) t o where they are needed . T o move a region: m Select the region, and drag it to a new position. T o move sev eral selected regions: m Click-hold any of the selected regions, and drag (all regions) to a new positi[...]

40 Chapter 3 Creating Your Arrangement Dividing Regions Y ou can slice any region into sev eral parts, thus creating several individual regions . This allows you to mo ve , copy , delet e, or individually process each region. This is particularly handy when you want to use portions of a drum loop in different locations (as drum fills), for example.[...]

Chapter 3 Creating Your Arrangement 41 Cop ying Regions Regions can be replicated , allowing their use at other poin ts in your project. An alternative to c opying are the looping options, and the creation of alias MIDI regions , or clone audio regions. T he looping options are discussed shor tly . Details on alias and clone regions can be found in[...]

42 Chapter 3 Creating Your Arrangement Deleting Regions Y ou can remove regions from y our project by using any of the methods outlined below . T o delete a region, do one of the following: m Select the Eraser tool, and click on the desired region. m Use any of the selection methods discussed earlier (for one , or multiple regions), and either: Â [...]

Chapter 3 Creating Your Arrangement 43 Looping Regions Regions can be continuously play ed back, by cr eating a number of loop repeats. These look like ghost versions of the original region, as that is essentially what they are— reflections of the source region. As mentioned earlier , you can reduce or extend the length of any r egion by dragging[...]

44 Chapter 3 Creating Your Arrangement Using the Inspector The Inspector , to the left of the Arrange window , is divided into three main areas . From top to bottom: the Region P arameter box, the T rack P arameter box, and the Arrange channel strips. ∏ Tip: Double-click ing on numerical values in (almost all) P arameter boxe s, editors, on the T[...]

Chapter 3 Creating Your Arrangement 45 T o change a parameter value: m Simply click-hold to the extreme right of the Region P arameter box—alongside the desired parameter name (Quan tize, for example). Â This will open a menu for some parameters . F or others, the mouse pointer acts as a slider . Â Drag the mouse on the vertical axis (up and do[...]

46 Chapter 3 Creating Your Arrangement Use the T rack/Channel T ransposition parameter when you want t o transpose all regions on a track (or for a particular channel strip), rather than selecting and transposing each region (with the T ransposition parameter in the Region P arameter box). ∏ Tip: If you want to transpose most regions on a track, [...]

4 47 4 Editing MIDI E ven ts The individual ev ents in MIDI regions can be edited . Most commonly , you will adjust the position, pitch, and length of MIDI note even ts. On occasion, you may need to alter other types of MIDI data, such as controller events . Â MIDI note event editing is best handled in the P iano Roll Editor . Â MIDI note events [...]

48 Chapter 4 Editing MIDI Events If necessary , re size the editor area, by dragging in the space between it and the Arrange area above. Y ou can ver tically slide the contents of the edit or area by dragging the scroll bar at the right of the window . The horizontal scroll bar slides the windo w contents left or right (if some events in the region[...]

Chapter 4 Editing MIDI Events 49 T o open or close the Event List: 1 Click the Lists button in the Arrange T oolbar (top right). The Lists area replace s the Media area, if open (the list editors available are: Ev ent, Marker , T empo, and Signature—click the res pective tabs to open each). 2 Click the Even t tab , if not already active . The eve[...]

50 Chapter 4 Editing MIDI Events Editing and Creating E vents F ull details on the use of each editor are found in the Logic user manual. For now , revisit the sections on “ Selecting Regions ” on page 23, and “ Editing Regions ” on page 38. All of the techniques for r egion selection and editing (except looping) also apply to event selecti[...]

Chapter 4 Editing MIDI Events 51 T o quantize one or more selected notes: 1 Choose the P ointer tool, and selec t the notes by clicking, Shif t-clicking, or rubber banding. 2 Choose the desired quantization v alue in the Quantization menu at the top center of the Piano Roll Editor . Y ou can also click the Quantize button to quantiz e selected even[...]

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5 53 5 Using Instrumen ts and Effects When you added the Software Instrument Apple L oop to the Inst 1 track, you undoubtedly noticed that the corr esponding Arrange channel strip was filled with a number of new fields. These are known as Insert slots, which are used for inser t effects. Instrument channel strips also feature an Instrumen t slot (j[...]

54 Chapter 5 Using Instruments and Effects T o directly inser t an instrument into an instrument channel strip: 1 Click the Inst 2 track name in the track list. The Inspector updates , t o reflect your selection. 2 Click the Instrument slot (the slot just below I/O) on the left Arrange channel strip . A menu of all available software instrumen ts i[...]

Chapter 5 Using Instruments and Effects 55 T o directly inser t an effect into a channel strip: 1 As the Inst 2 track is already selected , simply click the top Inser t slot (the slot just below Inserts) on the lef t channel strip. A menu of all available eff ec t plug-ins is shown. 2 Hover the mouse point er over the Distortion menu item, and clic[...]

56 Chapter 5 Using Instruments and Effects T o directly inser t an EQ into a channel strip: m As the Inst 2 track is already selected , simply double-click the EQ panel at the top of the left Arrange channel strip. A Channel EQ is automatically inserted into the top Insert slot (or the first available Insert slot if the top one is already used, whi[...]

Chapter 5 Using Instruments and Effects 57 Â The selected channel strip section: EQ, Instrumen t slot, Inser t slot, Channel Strip Settings slot This interaction with differ ent parts of the Arrange channel strips mak es it very easy to reconfigure y our effects routings and settings. It also simplifies a number of mixing and recording tasks. T o [...]

58 Chapter 5 Using Instruments and Effects Editing Instruments and Eff ec ts As you ’ve discovered , an instrument or effect plug-in window opens when inserted into a channel strip. Full details on the parameters , and use , of each plug-in ar e found in the Instruments and Effects manual. For no w , here are a few basics on the plug-in window. T[...]

6 59 6 W ork ing With Audio F iles Pr ojects can potentially contain thousands of audio file s that you need to manage and edit. Audio file management tasks , such as renaming , creating backups, or conv er ting to other formats are best handled in the A udio Bin. Many audio file handling tasks , such as resizing, can be per formed on regions—rat[...]

60 Chapter 6 Working With Audio Files T o open the Sample Editor , do one of the following: m Select an audio region or file (in the Arrange area or Audio Bin), and open the Sample Editor by clicking on the button abov e the Tr ansport bar . m Double-click on an audio region or file (in the Arrange area or A udio Bin). Important: All edits and proc[...]

Chapter 6 Working With Audio Files 61 Managing Y our Audio F iles Once an audio file (of an y suppor ted format) has been added to , or recorded in, your project, it will appear in the Audio Bin (Media area). Y ou can also direc tly import audio files into the A udio Bin. The Bin can be viewed as an audio file catalogue f or your project. I t also [...]

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7 63 7 Mixing and Expor ting Y our P roject The Mixer window can show all, or some, of the channel strips used in your project. While most mixing tasks can be achieved with the Arrange channel strips, you may prefer to use the Mixer—particularly as your arrangement gro ws, or once you ’ve finished the recording phase of y our project, and are r[...]

64 Chapter 7 Mixing and Exporting Your Project T o change the Mixer view : m Click on the Single, Arrange, or All buttons at the top of the Mixer window . Â Single: Shows all channel strips in the signal path of the selected track. Â Arrange: Shows channel strips tha t corres pond to tracks used in the A rrange window . Â All: Shows all channel [...]

Chapter 7 Mixing and Exporting Your Project 65 T o adjust the level of a channel strip: m In either the Mixer or Arrange (channel strips), grab the Level fader , and move it up or down. A channel strip does not need to be selected in the Mixer to adjust parameters . T o adjust the panning (or balance) of a channel strip: m Click on the center of th[...]

66 Chapter 7 Mixing and Exporting Your Project T o send a channel to a bus: m Click the top , unused Send slot of any channel, and choose Bus 1 from the menu. The following happens: Â A new auxiliary channel strip (Aux 1) is created in the Mixer—with Bus 1 shown in the Input slot (I/O section). Â A blue Bus 1 label appears on the Send slot of t[...]

Chapter 7 Mixing and Exporting Your Project 67 Automa ting Y our M ix At this stage , you’v e seen how many con trols and parameters are a vailable in the channel strips, and several plug-ins. Changes that you make to virtually all of these controls and paramet ers can be recorded and play ed back, just like your MIDI and audio performances. This[...]

68 Chapter 7 Mixing and Exporting Your Project T o display track a utomation in the Arrange area, do one of the following: m Choose V iew > Tr ack Automation in the Arrange area (or use the View T rack Automation key command , defa ult: A). m Click the Automation button in the Arrange T oolbar . A gray aut omation lane appears on all tracks, and[...]

Chapter 7 Mixing and Exporting Your Project 69 T o write volume automa tion to an automation tr ack: 1 Ensure that Volume is sho wn in the Automation P arameter menu. 2 Choose T ouch, Latch, or W rite in the Automation slot of the Arrange channel strip. 3 Star t playback by clicking the T ranspor t bar ’ s Play button. 4 Move the L evel fader on [...]

70 Chapter 7 Mixing and Exporting Your Project Expor ting Y our Pr oject Once you ’ve recorded and mixed all parts, you will generally want to export your song as an audio file—for use on a CD , int ernet delivery , pla yback on your iPod , and so on. This is achieved through a pr ocess known as bouncing. T o bounce your mix: 1 Click the Bounce[...]

8 71 8 Speeding Up Y our W orkflow There ar e hundreds of functions and commands in Logic, and as many wa ys to use them. Ultimately , it’ s your choice as to how you wan t to approach music making in Logic, as it generally allows you to w ork in a way that makes most sense to you . Most impor tantly , any customizations y ou make should accelera[...]

72 Chapter 8 Speeding Up Your Workflow Using Screensets Every project created in Logic can contain up t o 90 screensets. Screensets are window combinations that can be customized b y you, and stored to numeric computer keyboard keys/key combinations. Each screenset remembers the type of editor or Arrange windows opened , plus their individual size,[...]

Chapter 8 Speeding Up Your Workflow 73 Using C ontrol Surfaces Any device used to r emotely control L ogic func tions is known as a control surface. Many Logic operations , including con trol of channel strip parameters , execution of key commands, screenset switching, track arming, muting, soloing, transpor t functions, and much more—can be done[...]

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75 A Appendix A Audio and MIDI Basics This appendix off ers a brief overview of MIDI and digital audio basics. If you want to know what an audio file is , how audio is conv erted into (and from) computer information, and what this MIDI thing is all about, you ’ll find it here. MIDI MIDI is an acronym f or Musical Instrument Digital Interface. T o[...]

76 Appendix A Audio and MIDI Basics The MIDI C onnection MIDI, as mentioned, is also a hardware “inter face ” which consists of a standardized set of connectors labeled IN, OUT , and THRU. MIDI connectors consist of a round socket with five holes arranged in a semicircle . MIDI cables, used for connecting MIDI devices, have a matching plug that[...]

Appendix A Audio and MIDI Basics 77 Digital and Analog Recor ding While digital audio recor ding is similar in concept to analog recor dings made on tape, the technical differenc es are significant. For much of the 20th c entury , and in to the 2 1st, analog tape recordings hav e been used for the storage of a udio per formances— spoken, sung, an[...]

78 Appendix A Audio and MIDI Basics Digital C onv ersions When an analog audio signal arrives at the inputs of y our audio inter face, it must be conv erted into digital information befor e the computer can deal with it. This process is called analog to digital con version—handled by the Analog to Digital C onverter (ADC) of your audio in ter fac[...]

79 B Appendix B Audio and MIDI in Mac OS X This chapter c overs the audio and MIDI facilitie s of Mac OS X. Y our audio and MIDI hardware can be used by all “media-awar e” applications in Mac OS X. T his is achieved through the use of the operating system ’ s Core ser vices. Cor e Audio All audio devices ar e accessed via Cor e Audio in Mac O[...]

80 Appendix B Audio and MIDI in Mac OS X Note: Reduce the level setting of your amplification syst em when adjusting the volume , to avoid any s peaker damage. Audio MIDI Setup (AMS) Apple ’ s Audio MIDI Setup application is integrated into the operating syst em. The AMS application is found in the Applications/Utilitie s folder . Note: Y ou may [...]

81 C Appendix C Optimizing Y our Computer A udio Sy stem Logic is known for its stable and r eliable operation. Y ou can fur ther enhance your system performance by optimizing y our computer c onfiguration f or music applications. Outside of music, a well-configured and w ell-maintained computer performs more reliably , with f e wer crashes , and t[...]

82 Appendix C Optimizing Your Computer Audio System Audio applications place high demands on the platters and mechanical parts of a hard drive. Regular hard drive maintenance is particularly impor tant for ensuring stable , and consistent , drive operation. This includes de-fragmentation and performance checks. F requent de-fragmentation has a posi[...]

Appendix C Optimizing Your Computer Audio System 83 T roubleshooting They may be rare , but ev er y computer user inevitably experiences seemingly severe computer problems , at some point. T hese may be crashes wher e the mouse freezes , the screen locks up , or the dis play is plastered with error me ssages. Even mature , w ell- written operating [...]

84 Appendix C Optimizing Your Computer Audio System If Disaster Strikes Y our first priorit y should be to make a backup of your most important documents. Attempt to c opy your files (lyrics , songs, tax records) to other hard , or removable drives , without launching their associated applications. Y ou can sk ip this step for CD-ROMs , but be awar[...]

Appendix C Optimizing Your Computer Audio System 85 Does the problem persist? Hard Disk Checking and File Structure Repair Logical file structure errors can be diagnosed and repair ed with suitable software. Hard disk hardware defects can also be diagnosed . The boot drive (Start V olume) cannot generally be repaired if a critical error occurs . If[...]

86 Appendix C Optimizing Your Computer Audio System Another common problem is loose internal c omputer connections, which commonly occur after transporting the computer . Keeping the possible consequences to y our warranty in mind, as well as all safety precautions , y ou may wish to refasten the in ternal connectors, with care. Be careful though: [...]

Appendix C Optimizing Your Computer Audio System 87 Reinstall Logic after installing the operating system. I f the problem still persists, a hardware conflict, or conflict between the program and the operating system is the most likely situation. I f the problem only occurs with a specific program, you will need to get in touch with the software ma[...]

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89 Glossary Glossar y AD conv er ter or ADC Shor t for analog to digital con ver ter; a device that conv er ts an analog signal to a digital signal. AIFF Abbreviation for A udio Interchange F ile Format. A cross-platform file f ormat supported by a large number of digital audio and video editing applications. AIFF audio can use a variety of bit dep[...]

90 Glossary Arrange window The primary working window of the application. It also shows the Arrange area (see above), and can incorporate all other working areas and editors. Audio Bin Window (or tab in the Media area of the Arrange window) used f or projec t audio file and region management , and conversion, tasks. See Media area. audio file Any d[...]

Glossary 91 automation A utomation is the abilit y to record , edit , and play back the movements of all knobs, controls, and buttons, including: volume faders, pan, EQ, and a ux send controls , plus most eff ect and instrument plug-in parameters. aux channel (strip) Aux channels ar e found in the Mixer (and to the left of the Arrange window), and [...]

92 Glossary Broadcast W ave S ee W ave . Browser A L ogic window (or tab in the Media area of the Arrange window) used to browse , select, and manage all media types suppor ted by Logic. Also see Media area. bus Busses are used to send a udio to aux channel strips f or processing or submixing tasks. bus channel strip The bus channel type is primari[...]

Glossary 93 comping A process wher e multiple recording takes are c ompiled into a single perfect take (see takes). controller MIDI data type. As examples: sliders, pedals, or standard parameters like volume and panning . T he t ype of command is encoded in the first data byte , the value being sent or receiv ed is encoded in the second data byte .[...]

94 Glossary division value A djustable value (shown in note s) for the grid used in displa ys and operations. Third number displayed in the Tr ansport bar ’ s P osition display . The division value is set in the T ranspor t bar , below the time signatur e. Drag menu A pop-up menu found in the local menu of linear editing windo ws. I t determines [...]

Glossary 95 Finger tool T ool (as used in the Piano Roll Editor , for example) that looks like a hand with an extended index finger . This tool allows you to manipulate the length of ev ents or per form other operations in other areas of the program. FireWire Apple trademarked name for the IEEE 1 394 standard. A fast and versatile serial interface,[...]

96 Glossary input monitoring This function allows you to hear inc oming audio , when a udio tracks are playing , r ecord-enabled , or rec ording. Simply click the Input Monitoring button on Arrange audio tracks to enable or disable input monitoring . Insert slot A panel on Logic channel strips where you can patch in (insert) an effect plug-in. Insp[...]

Glossary 97 Library Window (or tab in the Media area of the Arrange window) used to handle all settings files for channel strips , eff ects, and instruments. Link button Button in the top left corner of most L ogic windows that feature s the chain link icon. I t controls the linking between differ ent windows. Lists area Area in the Arrange window [...]

98 Glossary merge Mix, or combine, two or more MIDI events or regions in to a single event or region. metadata Metadata is additional descriptive inf ormation that is stored in the file header of a number of file types (Apple Loops , for example). I t is used to reference external media, to simplify searches, and more. metronome A device that produ[...]

Glossary 99 mono Shor t for monophonic sound repr oduction. The process of mixing audio channels into a single track, using equal amounts of the left and right audio channel signals. Compare with stereo . movie See video . MP3 Abbreviation for MPEG-2 A udio Layer 3 . A c ompressed audio file f ormat, frequently used to distribut e audio files ov er[...]

100 Glossary P arameter bo x Field on the left side of Logic windows (or in the Inspector). I t is used to adjust the parameters of the selected track, regions, events, or objec ts. Also see Inspector . P encil tool T ool used to create empty MIDI regions in the Arrange. It can also be used to add audio regions t o the Arrange, when used in conjunc[...]

Glossary 101 project settings The project settings are a collection of program settings that are specific to the curren t project. T hese are differ ent to the global pref erences that aff ect all Logic projects (see P referenc es window). protected track A protected track cannot ha ve its cont ents moved or changed . punch in, punch out Going into[...]

102 Glossary region Regions are f ound on Arrange tracks: They are rectangular beams that act as containers for a udio or MIDI data. There are three differen t types of regions: audio regions, MIDI regions, and folder regions (usually referred t o as folders). Also see: audio region, MIDI region, and folder . Region P arameter box Bo x in the upper[...]

Glossary 103 Score Edit or Logic editor that deals with standard musical notation. MIDI note events are represen ted as quavers, crotchets , minims, and so on. The Score Editor allows you t o adjust and edit the layout of the scor e, and print it. screenset A layout of v arious windows, inclusive of all display parameters (z oom, position, size of [...]

104 Glossary software instrument Software counterpart to hardware samplers or synthesiz er modules, or acoustic sound sources such as drum kits or guitars. The sounds generat ed by software instruments are calculated b y the computer CPU, and played via the audio interface outputs. O ften colloquially called softsynths or softsamplers. solo A way t[...]

Glossary 105 track A horizontal r ow in the Arrange that contains either a udio or MIDI regions that can be played back o ver time. Each track has a specified destination (a channel strip) that data is routed to . Logic allows hundreds of tracks t o be used in a project. track arming See record enable . track list Situated to the left of the Arrang[...]

106 Glossary zoom con trol The contr ol that appears at the bottom right of some windows , such as the Arrange. The zoom control slider allows y ou to navigate thr ough the entire length of the currently displa yed project. The lines on the left and right of the slider can be clicked to zoom in and out by a fix ed percentage . zoom level The amount[...]

107 Index Index A adding media file. S ee importing AIFF file 89 alias (MIDI region) 89 aliasing 89 AMS. See Audio MIDI Setup (AMS) utility analog audio 76–78, 89 Analog to Digital Con verter 77, 89 anchor point 59, 89 AppleCare 87 Apple Loop described 89 importing 14, 16 type 17 Arrange area 33, 89 Arrange channel strips 46 Arrange window channe[...]

108 Index bus (Mixer) described 92 sending channel strip to 66 bypassing described 92 plug-in 56, 58 C channel strip automating 67–69 auxiliary 65, 91 controls 64 described 92 grouping 65 in Arrange window 46 level 65 overview 53 panning 65 selecting 64 sending to bus 65 Send slot 66 channel strip setting described 12, 92 loading 11, 57 checkbox [...]

Index 109 I importing Apple Loop (a udio) 14 Apple Loop (software instrument) 16 audio file 15 described 95 Input Monitoring button 28 inserting effect. See effect, loading Insert slot 53 Inspector 44–46, 96 instrument plug-in. S ee software instrument Instrument slot 53 interface 96 K key commands 71 Copy 41 Cut 40 described 96 Open Audio Pr oje[...]

110 Index O Open Audio Pr oject Settings key command 26 P panning a channel 65 P aste key command 41 P encil tool 36, 100 Piano Roll Editor creating note events 50 described 100 editing note events 50 editing velocity 50 opening 47 quantizing note events 51 pitch, described 100 playback described 100 looping 20 position 19 starting 18, 19 playhead [...]

Index 111 screenset described 72, 103 locking 72 more than nine screensets 72 recalling 72 setting up 72 selecting channel strip 64 region 23 rubber band 23, 102 tool 34 track 22, 64 send effects 65 Send slot 66, 103 sequencer , described 103 setting See also preset choosing. See effect or sof tware instrument described 103 SIAL (Software Instrumen[...]