Epson LX-90TM manual

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All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording or other- wise, without the prior written permission of Epson Corporation. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Whil[...]

Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 Installation and Operation ..................... . Inserting the Printer Interface Cartridge .......... . Printing the Self Test .......................... . 4 Connecting the Printer to Your Computer ........ . 5 Control Panel .............................[...]

ExpandedMode .............................. . Mode Combinations .......................... . Underline Mode .............................. . Master Select ................................ . Superscript and Subscript ...................... . International Characters ....................... . Special Graphics Character Set ................. . 6 Page [...]

Appendixes A LX-90 Characters ............................. . A-l DraftMode ................................. . A-2 NLQMode .................................. . A-4 B Software Commands in Numerical Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C Command Summary .......................... . C-l Near Letter Quality Mode ..........[...]

Introduction The Epson LX-90™ printer with the PIC for parallel interface sys- tems combines low price with the high quality and advanced capabili- ties formerly available only on more expensive printers. The LX-90 User’s Manual tells you how to set up your printer. This Printer Interface Cartridge Operation Manual gives you the specific inform[...]

Chapter 1 Installation and Operation After you have set up your printer and loaded the paper (following the directions in the LX-90 User’s Manual), you are ready to plug in your Printer Interface Cartridge (PIG™) and begin printing. Inserting the Printer Interface Cartridge Inserting the PIC is easy. The cartridge slides into the rectangular op[...]

Now that the PIC is installed, you need to change the settings of three small switches, called DIP switches, in the back of the printer, Figure 1-2 shows where the DIP switches are. Figure l-2. DIP switch location The functions of these switches are explained in detail in Appendix D, but all that you need to do now is turn three of them on. All the[...]

2. Hold down the LF button on the control panel while you turn the printer on with the power switch. The LX-90 begins printing letters, numbers, and symbols in the draft mode. It won’t stop until you turn it off or until it gets near the end of the paper. To see the same test in the NLQ (Near Letter Quality) mode, turn the printer on while pressi[...]

Control Panel After connecting your LX-90 to your computer, turn on the printer and look at the control panel, which is shown in Figure l-4. I Figure 7-4. Control panel You have already used the control panel for a special purpose, printing the self test. Here are the main functions of the lights and buttons on this panel: l The POWER light glows g[...]

The other two buttons, FF and LF, work only when the printer is off line (when the ON LINE light is off). If the ON LINE light is on, press the ON LINE button before you use these. l FF (Form Feed)-advances continuous paper to the top of the next page or ejects a single sheet of paper. l LF (Line Feed)-advances the paper one line at a time. The con[...]

Chapter 2 SelecType The LX-90 enables you to use a feature called SelecType to produce five special typestyles: Typewriter-style Near Letter Quality, Emphasized bold printing , Double-strike bold printing, Conpressed narrow printing, or Elite printing . Choosing typestyles with SelecType is simple. A few taps on the printer’s control panel tells [...]

Figure 2-1. Turning SelecType on When you press the ON LINE and FF buttons, the LX-90 signals in three ways that SelecType is on. l The printer beeps. l The READY light turns off. l The ON LINE light begins flashing. Selecting typestyles In SelecType, each button has a function: l ON LINE selects typestyles. l FF sets the styles. l LF turns SelecTy[...]

Table 2-1. SelecType modes Mode Typestyle 1 NLQ ABCDEFGHJIJKLMNopqrstuvwxyz 2 Emphasized ABCDEFGHIJKLMnopqrstuvwxyz 3 Double-strike ABCDEFGHIJKLMnopqrstuvxy z 4 Compressed ABCDEFGHIJKLMnopqrstuvwxzyz 5 Elite ABCDEFGHIJKLMnopqrstuvwxyz 2. Press the ON LINE button the number of times indicated in the mode column. Be sure that the printer beeps each t[...]

Now, run the program by typing RUN and pressing RETURN, or print your file or document by following the printing instructions of your software. The LX-90 will print your example in standard single- strike printing, as shown below: This is an example o f LX-90 printing . Now that you have created a sample, follow these steps to print it in emphasize[...]

Mode Combination Two of the SelecType modes (NLQ and emphasized) can be com- bined to create an impressive effect. If you want to see this combina- tion, turn your printer off and back on and follow the instructions below : 1. See that the ON LINE and READY lights are on. 2. Press the ON LINE and FF buttons at the same time. 3. Press the ON LINE bu[...]

Table 2-2. Mode combinations Mode NLQ Emphasized Double- Compressed Elite strik e NLQ • Emphasized • • Double-strike • • • Compressed • • Elite • • Don’t worry about harming your printer if you try to combine two modes that the LX-90 can’t mix. Your settings cannot damage the printer because it is prepared for the possibilit[...]

Chapter 3 Elements of Dot-Matrix Printing and Computer/Printer Communications This chapter is for those of you who want to know something about how your printer works. It’s a simple, non-technical explanation of the basics of dot-matrix printing that will help you understand some of the later chapters, particularly the ones on user-defined charac[...]

Other Pitches In addition to pica, in which there are 10 characters per inch, the LX-90 can also print in other widths, or pitches. It does so by reducing the distance between pin firings. In the elite mode it prints 12 charac- ters per inch and in the compressed mode it prints slightly more than 17 characters per inch. The pattern of the dots is n[...]

NLQ Mode The preceding examples are in the I-X-90’s draft mode, but the LX-90 also has the high-quality NLQ (Near Letter Quality) mode that you have seen in previous chapters. The NLQ letters are more fully-formed than the draft letters because they are made up of many more dots, as you can see below. Figure 3-3 shows enlargements of two letters [...]

ESCape and ASCII The details of printer-computer communication are complex, but for most purposes all you need to know is that the computer sends a series of codes (each consisting of one or more numbers) to the printer, and the printer interprets them. Some codes tell the printer to print a character, and other codes tell it to turn on or off cert[...]

Chapter 4 PIC Features The next four chapters describe many of the printing features of the PIC. You can read these chapters if you wish, but you may not need to. Whether or not you use the rest of this manual depends upon your expertise, your interest, and the software you plan to use. Demonstration Programs Along with a discussion and examples of[...]

printer for you and all you have to know about the printer is how to turn it on and how to load paper. If you need help with the installation program for your software, see Appendix E. Running BASIC Programs This section describes how to run the BASIC demonstration pro- grams in this manual; it is not a tutorial in BASIC programming. Although there[...]

Pica Printing The first exercise is a simple three-line program to print a sample line of characters in pica, the standard pitch. Enter this program: 40 FOR X=65 TO 105 50 LPRINT CHR$(X); 60 NEXT X: LPRINT: LPRINT Now run the program. You should get the results you see below, 10 pica characters per inch. ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[]ˆ-`abcdefgh i [...]

Now run the program to see the line printed in compressed mode. Cancelling Codes As you saw in the third version of the print pitch program, you must cancel a code when you don’t want it any more. With very few exceptions, the LX-90 modes stay on until they are cancelled. It is important to remember this because an LX-90 mode can stay on even if [...]

you may have turned on, and the current position of the print head becomes the top-of-page setting. Some of the demonstration programs end with a reset code (Escape “a”) so that the commands from one program will not inter- fere with the commands in the next one. After you run a program with a reset code in it, remember to change the top-of-pag[...]

Enter and run the following program to see how the NLQ mode is turned on by an ESCape sequence: NEW 10 LPRINT CHR$(27); "x"; CHR$(l); 28 FOR X=65 TO 105 30 LPRINT CHR$(X); 40 NEXT X: LPRINT ABCDEFGHINKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[]ˆ_`abcdefgh i Note that you use a lowercase x, not a capital X, in line 10. Because of the high resolution of the NLQ mo[...]

Chapter 5 Print Enhancements and Special Characters Besides the pitches (pica, elite, and compressed) covered in Chap- ters 3 and 4, the LX-90 offers many other typestyles. Emphasized Mode In the emphasized mode the LX-90 prints each dot twice, with the second dot slightly to the right of the first. In order to do this, the print head must slow dow[...]

Emphasized works only in draft pica and NLQ modes. In elite and compressed the dots are already so close together that even with the reduced print speed, the LX-90 cannot fire, retract, and again fire the pins quickly enough to print overlapping dots. You do sacrifice some print speed with emphasized, because the print head slows down to print twic[...]

Expanded Mode Perhaps the most dramatic mode on the LX-90 is expanded. It pro- duces extra-wide characters that are good for titles and headings. For this mode, the dot pattern of each character is expanded and twice as many dots are printed. You can see the difference between pica and expanded pica if you enter and run this program: 10 LPRINT &quo[...]

When you run the program, your printout should match the one below, showing that the two modes combine with no trouble. This is standard printing . Emphaasize d expande d A later section in this chapter explains a special ESCape code, Mas- ter Select, which allows you to control six features with one ESCape sequence. Underline Mode The LX-90 also h[...]

Master Select The LX-90 has a special ESCape code called Master Select that al- lows you to choose any possible combination of seven different modes: pica, elite, compressed, emphasized, double-strike, expanded, and italic. The format of the Master Select code is ESCape “!” followed by a number that is calculated by adding together the values o[...]

In this program, you can use any number you calculate by using the formula above, but remember that emphasized can’t combine with compressed or elite. If you try to combine emphasized with either of the two narrow pitches, you won’t harm your printer; it will simply use a priority list in its memory to determine which mode to use. The list belo[...]

Now that you see how to use the ESCape sequences for superscript and subscript, you can devise your own examples. International Characters As you know, languages other than English require a few extra characters. The LX-90 has provided for printing in many languages by having nearly 100 international characters in its ROM (Read Only Memory). This t[...]

Table 5-l. International characters in NLQ mode Table 5-2. International characters in draft mode Table S-3. International characters in draft italic mode The number at the top of each column in the tables is the ASCII code that prints the characters in that column. 32[...]

Once you have selected an international character set with the DIP switches or the ESCape “R” code, you can use the tables to see which keys on your standard keyboard can produce the international char- acters you want. Simply type the character from the top row of one of the figures in order to print the corresponding character in the row of t[...]

Special Graphics Character Set The LX-90 printer’s Read Only Memory (ROM) also contains the 32 graphics characters that you see in Figure 5-1. Figure 5-l. Special graphics characters Undoubtedly you can think of uses for many of the shapes and symbols available in this set, and you can combine the line graphics characters (the ones on the first r[...]

You can change pitch and weight with the graphics characters just as you can with the other characters in the ROM of the LX-90. The characters in Figure 5-l are printed in expanded elite. The printout below shows the characters in pica: The next printout shows the characters in emphasized expanded pica: Because normal line spacing leaves space betw[...]

Chapter 6 Page Formatting Although the LX-90 printer has many sophisticated commands to set margins, line spacing, and horizontal and vertical tabs, this chap- ter won’t take up your time with extensive discussions of these because most are taken care of by applications programs. Instead, this chapter describes a few commands that the average use[...]

A program like this also allows you to choose the margins you prefer for program listings. Just remember that once you run a pro- gram that sets margins, those margins are in effect until you change them with new margin commands or turn off or reset the printer. You should be aware that a few applications programs reset the printer before each docu[...]

The standard line spacing is the only one you need for almost all printing of text, but in some cases you may want to increase or decrease the space between lines. The LX-90 has several commands to do this. ESCape “0” changes the line spacing to l/B-inch, ESCape “1” changes the line spacing to 7/72-inch, and ESCape “2” returns it to l/6[...]

The centering command centers a line of text between the margins. This is handy for headings, titles, and captions. Right justification is the opposite of left justification. The right mar- gin is even and the left is not. Auto justification puts extra spaces between words where necessary so that both the left and right margins are even. This is th[...]

Chapter 7 User-Defined Characters The LX-90 has several hundred different characters stored in its Read Only Memory. Although this number includes draft, Near Let- ter Quality, international, and graphics characters, sometimes you would like to have a few more. For those occasions when you need a special character or a few letters in a different ty[...]

Your user-defined characters can be utilitarian or imaginative, any- thing from a scientific symbol to script letters for your initials. Just follow the simple steps below. The only restriction on your creativity is that the characters you define must follow the same rules that govern the rest of the characters printed by the LX-90. In Figure 7-l a[...]

Figure 7-2. Grid for designing draft characters Because the last two columns are reserved for the space between characters, they are not included in the grid. And since most charac- ters do not use the bottom two rows, a heavy line indicates the usual lower limit for an LX-90 character. When you place your dots on this grid, remember that dots cann[...]

Definition program 1 The BASIC program below will help you translate your design into a character your LX-90 can print. Type it in now so that you can run it soon. NEW 100 DIM F(9) 110 FOR I=1 TO 9 120 PRINT "WHICH ROWS HAVE DOTS IN COLUMN";I 130 INPUT R : IF R=0 TH E N 150 140 F(I)=F(I)+2ˆ(R-1) 150 IF R=0 THEN NEXT I ELSE GOTO 130 160 L[...]

Running the program Now run the program. For each of the nine columns, the program asks for the numbers of the rows in which you want dots to appear. Enter the row numbers one at a time, pressing the RETURN key after each one. When you have entered all the numbers for a column or when you want no dots in a column, press RETURN without a num- ber. R[...]

Figure 7-5. Using the bottom eight rows Definition program 2 Once the character looks right, type in the next program. The pro- gram as listed creates the symbol for Mercury, but you can use it for any characters you create if you make one or two changes explained after the program listing. NEW 90 FOR P=58 TO 63: LPRINT CHR$(P);: NEXT P 95 LPRINT 1[...]

210 DATA 112,8,0,138,116,138,0,8,112 220 DATA 58,68,2,128,0,128,2,68,58 Check your work by making sure that there are nine numbers in each DATA line and that the numbers are separated by commas. To define more than one character, use the total number of charac- ters you are defining instead of the 1 in line 100. (You can define as many as six chara[...]

NLQ grid Because the NLQ characters can use as many as 18 dots vertically and 12 dots horizontally, you plan your designs on a different grid than the one for draft characters. Figure 7-6. Grid for NLQ characters On this grid you can use any numbered line or space. As you can see, that includes the bottom line and the line on the right side. You sh[...]

Figure 7-7. Data numbers for one column To calculate the data numbers for this column, note which dots are used in the top group (the top eight positions) and add their values together. Then go down to the middle group (the next 8 positions) and add the values of any dots that are used there. Finally, look at the bottom group (2 dot positions) and [...]

Figure 7-8. Musical design and data numbers If you look at each column individually, you can see how the data numbers are calculated. NLQ definition program 1 Now type in and run the following program. It has the data num- bers for the musical design. For a character of your own, change the data numbers in lines 130 - 150. 50[...]

NEW 10 LPRINT CHR$(27)"x"CHR$(l) 20 LPRINT CHR$(27) ":"CHR$(0)CHR$(0)CHR$(0); 30 LPRINT CHR$(27)"%"CHR$(l)CHR$(0); 40 LPRINT CHR$(27)"&"CHR$(0)"<<"; 50 LPRINT CHR$(0)CHR$(l2)CHR$(0); 60 FOR X=1 TO 36 70 READ C: LPRINT CHR$(C); 80 NEXT X 90 LPRINT "YOUR CHARACTER IN PICA: <<<&[...]

NEW 10 J=1: IF J>3 THEN A=58 ELSE A=60 20 LPRINT CHR$(27)"x"CHR$(1) 30 FOR X=58 TO 63: LPRINT CHR$(X)" ";: NEXT X 40 LPRINT CHR$(27) ":"CHR$(0)CHR$(0)CHR$(0) 50 LPRINT CHR$(27)"%"CHR$(1)CH$(0); 60 LPRINT CHR$(27)"&"CHR$(0)CHR$(A)CHR$(A-1+J); 70 FOR Y=1 TO J 80 LPRINT CHR$(0)CHR$(12)CHR$(0); 9[...]

Chapter 8 Introduction to Dot Graphics The dot graphics mode allows your LX-90 to produce pictures, graphs, charts, or almost any other pictorial material you can devise. Instead of using the standard letters and numbers, the graphics mode prints dots column by column and line by line. You plan where you want the dots to appear and then use a progr[...]

INSTALLATIONS BY MONTH 10 0 U N I T S 0 JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC The quickest and easiest way to print graphics on your LX-90 is to use a commercial graphics program. With such programs you usually create an image on your monitor or TV screen and then give a com- mand to send the image to the printer. If you use commercial software that produces gra[...]

In the main graphics mode, however, the LX-90 prints only one column of pins for each code it receives, and it uses only the top eight of the nine pins. Therefore, your graphics program must send codes for dot pat- terns, one number for each column in a line. For each of those columns the print head prints the pattern of dots you have specified. To[...]

The graphics command requires more than one number to specify how many columns to reserve because as many as 1920 columns are possible in graphics printing. Since the LX-90 doesn’t use decimal numbers larger than 255, the graphics mode command uses two num- bers for reserving columns. To figure the number of columns reserved, multiply the second [...]

Figure 8-2. Calculating numbers for pin patterns With this numbering system, any combination of the eight pins adds up to a decimal number between 0 and 255, and no numbers are duplicated. Now that you know the principles of Epson graphics, you’re ready for two simple exercises, more densities, and then something more complex as a basis for writi[...]

WIDTH Statements Some software (including IBM Personal Computer BASIC) auto- matically inserts the control codes for a carriage return and a line feed after every 80 - 130 characters. This insertion is usually no problem with text, but it can spoil your graphics. In the graphics mode it may insert the control codes in the middle of a line. You can [...]

10 WIDTH LPRINT 255 20 LPRINT CHR$(27)"A"CHR$(7) 30 FOR R=1 TO 3 40 LPRINT CHR$(27)"K"CHR$(100)CHR$(0); 50 FOR X=1 TO 50: LPRINT CHR$(85)CHR$(42); 60 NEXT X: LPRINT 70 LPRINT CHR$(27)"K"CHR$(100)CHR$(0); 80 FOR X=1 TO 50: LPRINT CHR$(42)CHR$(85); 90 NEXT X: LPRINT: NEXT R 100 LPRINT CHR$(27)"@" Now run the pr[...]

Density Varieties Although all the examples so far in this chapter have been in the single-density graphics mode, the LX-90 offers five other eight-pin density modes and two nine-pin ones. Nine-pin graphics is not neces- sary for most uses, but you can find its command (ESCape "^") in Appendix B. All the eight-pin densities and their comm[...]

Reassigning Code The LX-90 has a graphics command that changes one graphics mode to another. You can use it with many commercial graphics soft- ware programs to change the density and shape of your printouts. The code is ESCape “?s” n, where s is one of the four alternate graphics codes (K, L, Y, or Z) and n is the number of the new code (O-6).[...]

Once you have chosen the number of columns you want to use, you can have your program do the calculations for you with the fol- lowing format: CHR$(27)"L"CHR$(N MOD 256)CHR$(INT(N/256)); N is the total number of columns you want to specify. The MOD (modulus) function calculates the value for nl, and the INT (integer) function calculates t[...]

lines, but no dots can overlap. In low-speed double density dots can be placed on vertical lines and they can overlap. Now look at the figure designed for high-speed double density. It should point you in the right direction for your own designs. Figure 8-4. Arrow design Although the top pin (value 128) can be used in any graphic you design, this e[...]

6 4 3 2 1 6 8 4 2 1 8 10 8 8 8 8 8 8 4 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 4 1 0 0 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 2 0 0 0 Figure 8-5. First line of arrow figure The numbers for the second and third lines were calculated in the same manner. Once the numbers for the pin patterns are calculated, they go in DATA statements, separated by commas. First i[...]

In this program the number 128 in the DATA statements signals the end of a print line. This is the reason for the IF-THEN statement in line 610 that skips to line 650 and causes a line feed. The other special technique used in this program is found in lines 620 and 630. Since some of the data numbers are repeated many times, using negative DATA num[...]

Notice that the first line stores the whole graphics command in a single string variable. In order to do this you must put plus signs between the elements of the command. Once you have done this at the beginning of the program, each time you enter LPRINT G$; you have issued the graphics command. Lines 20 and 30 do the same thing with the data used [...]

Appendix A LX-90 Characters This appendix is a listing of the characters produced by the decimal codes from 0 through 255. For each code the listing provides the deci- mal number (Dec), the hexadecimal number (Hex), and a printout of the character that is printed by that code (Char). If the code does not produce a printable character, the word none[...]

Draft Mode Dec Hex Char 0 00 NUL 1 01 none 2 02 none 3 03 none 4 04 none 5 05 none 6 06 none 7 07 BEL 8 08 BS 9 09 HT 10 OA LF 11 OB VT 12 OC FF 13 OD CR 14 OE SO 15 OF SI 16 10 none 17 11 DC1 18 12 DC2 19 13 DC3 20 14 DC4 21 15 none 22 16 none 23 17 none 24 18 CAN 25 19 EM 26 1A none 27 1B ESC 28 1C none 29 1D none 30 1E none 31 1F none Dec Hex Ch[...]

Draft Mode Dec Hex Char 128 80 NUL 129 81 none 130 82 none 131 83 none 132 84 none 133 85 none 134 86 none 135 87 BEL 136 88 BS 137 89 HT 138 8A LF 139 8B VT 140 8C FF 141 8D CR 142 8E SO 143 8F SI 144 90 none 145 91 DC1 146 92 DC2 147 93 DC3 148 94 DC4 149 95 none 150 96 none 151 97 none 152 98 CAN 153 99 EM 154 9A none 155 9B ESC 156 9C none 157 [...]

NLQ Mode Dec Hex Char 0 00 NUL 1 01 none 2 02 none 3 03 none 4 04 none 5 05 none 6 06 none 7 07 BEL 8 08 BS 9 09 HT 10 OA LF 11 OB VT 12 OC FF 13 O D CR 14 OE SO 15 OF SI 16 10 none 17 11 DC1 18 12 DC2 19 13 DC3 20 14 DC4 21 15 none 22 16 none 23 17 none 24 18 CAN 25 19 EM 26 IA none 27 1B ESC 28 1 C none 29 ID none 30 1E none 31 1F none Dec Hex Ch[...]

NLQ Mode Dec Hex Char 128 80 NUL 129 81 none 130 82 none 131 83 none 132 84 none 133 85 none 134 86 none 135 87 BEL 136 88 BS 137 89 HT 138 8A LF 139 8B VT 140 8C FF 141 8D CR 142 8E SO 143 8F SI 144 90 none 145 91 DC1 146 92 DC2 147 93 DC3 148 94 DC4 149 95 none 150 96 none 151 97 none 152 98 CAN 153 99 EM 154 9A none 155 9B ESC 156 9C none 157 9D[...]

Appendix B Software Commands in Numerical Order The following list shows the control codes and ESCape sequences that the LX-90 uses along with their decimal values. For further details on their use, consult the index to find out where they are discussed in the text, or Appendix C for details of the correct syntax for their use. (The number after ea[...]

ESC 47 ESC 48 ESC 49 ESC 50 ESC 51 ESC 52 ESC 53 ESC 56 ESC 57 ESC 58 ESC 60 ESC 63 ESC 64 ESC 65 ESC 66 ESC 67 ESC 67 ESC 68 ESC 69 ESC 70 ESC 71 ESC 72 ESC 74 ESC 75 ESC 76 ESC 77 ESC 78 ESC 79 ESC 80 ESC 81 ESC 82 ESC 83 ESC 83 ESC 84 ESC 85 ESC 87 ESC 89 ESC 90 ESC 94 ESC 97 ESC / ESC 0 ESC 1 ESC 2 ESC 3 ESC 4 ESC 5 ESC 8 ESC 9 ESC : ESC < E[...]

ESC 98 ESC b Select Vertical Tabs in Channels ..... . C-17 ESC 101 ESC e Set Horizontal and Vertical Tabs .... . C-18 ESC 102 ESC f Print Spaces or Line Feeds ......... . C-18 ESC 108 ESC l Set Left Margin .................. . C-11 ESC 109 ESC m Select Special Graphics Characters. .. . C-10 ESC 115 ESC s Select Half-Speed Mode ........... . C-27 ES[...]

Appendix C Command Summary This appendix describes all the PIC control codes. They are divided into these categories: Near Letter Quality (NLQ) Character Width (Pitch) Print Enhancement Page Formatting Graphics User-Defined Characters Other Codes Each command has a format section and a comment section. The format section gives the ASCII, decimal, a[...]

In BASIC you can use either decimal or hexadecimal numbers, and if there is a single letter in the second ASCII code column, you can use that letter in quotation marks instead of the number below it. For example, the format section for the right margin command is as fol- lows: ASCII code: ESC Q (n) Decimal: 27 81 (n ) Hexadecimal: 1B 51 (n) In BASI[...]

Near Letter Quality Mode ESC x Select NLQ or draft Format: ASCII code: ESC (n) Decimal: 27 120 (n ) Hexadecimal : 1B 78 (n ) Comments: n = 0 selects draft mode n = 1 selects Near Letter Quality (NLQ) mode ESC a NLQ Justification Format: ASCII code: ESC (n) Decimal : 27 97 (n) Hexadecimal : 1B 61 (n) Comments: This sequence selects justification as [...]

Character Width (Pitch) SI Select Compressed Mode Format: ASCII code: S I Decimal : 15 Hexadecimal: O F Control: CTRL O Comments: Compressed mode has 17.16 characters per inch. Not available in NLQ. ESC SI Format: ASCII code: ESC SI Decimal: 27 15 Hexadecimal: 1B OF Comments: Duplicates the SI command. Select Compressed Mode DC2 Cancel Compressed M[...]

s o Select Expanded Mode (one line) Format: ASCII code: S O Decimal: I 4 Hexadecimal: O E Control: CTRL N Comments: Doubles the width of all characters. It can be cancelled by a carriage return, DC4, ESC W0 or ESC !. ESC SO Select Expanded Mode (one line) Format: ASCII code: ESC SO Decimal: 27 I 4 Hexadecimal: I B 0E Comments: Duplicates the SO com[...]

ESC W Select/Cancel Expanded Mode Format: ASCII code: ESC W (n) Decimal : 27 87 (n) Hexadecimal: I B 57 (n) Comments: Expanded mode doubles the width of all characters. n = 1 selects the mode n = 0 cancels it ESC M Select Elite Pitch Format: ASCII code: ESC M Decimal: 27 77 Hexadecimal: 1B 4D Comments: Elite pitch has 12 characters per inch. Not av[...]

Print Enhancement ESC E Select Emphasized Mode Format: ASCII code: ESC E Decimal: 27 69 Hexadecimal : I B 45 Comments: In emphasized each dot is printed twice, with the second dot slightly to the right of the first. Reduces print head speed. Valid only in pica mode. ESC F Cancel Emphasized Mode Format: ASCII code: ESC F Decimal: 27 70 Hexadecimal: [...]

ESC H Cancel Double-Strike Mode Format: ASCII code: ESC H Decimal : 27 72 Hexadecimal: I B 48 Comments: Turns off the mode selected by ESC G. ESC SO Select Superscript Format: ASCII code: ESC s 0 Decimal: 27 83 0 Hexadecimal : I B 53 0 Comments: Selects superscript mode. ESC S1 Select Subscript Format: ASCII code: ESC s I Decimal: 27 83 I Hexadecim[...]

ESC - Select/Cancel Underlining Format: ASCII code: ESC - (n) Decimal : 27 45 (n) Hexadecimal: I B 2D (n ) Comments: n = 1 selects underlining n = 0 cancels it. ESC ! Master Select Format: ASCII code: ESC ! (n) Decimal: 27 33 (n) Hexadecimal : I B 21 (n ) Comments: Selects any valid combination of the following modes: pica, elite, compressed, empha[...]

ESC 5 Cancel Italic Mode Format: ASCII code: ESC 5 Decimal: 27 53 Hexadecimal: 1B 35 Comments: Cancels the mode selected by ESC 4. ESC R Select an International Character Set Format: ASCII code: ESC R (n) Decimal: 27 82 (n ) Hexadecimal: I B 52 (n) Comments: See Chapter 5 for details on this command. ESC m Format: ASCII code: ESC Decimal : 27 Hexad[...]

Page Formatting Margins ESC Q Format: ASCII code: Decimal : ESC Q (n) 27 81 (n ) Set Right Margin Hexadecimal: I B Comments: 51 (n) Sets the right margin. Also cancels all text in the print buffer. The range of n is shown below: 2-80 in pica 3-96 in elite 4-137 in compressed 4-160 in compressed elite ESC I Set Left Margin Format: ASCII code: ESC De[...]

ESC N Format: ASCII code: ESC Decimal: 27 Hexadecimal: I B Comments: Select Skip-Over-Perforation N (n) 78 (n) 4E (n) The variable n is the number of lines skipped between the last line printed on one page and the first line on the next page. For example, with the standard settings for line spacing and page length (66 lines) ESC N 6 will cause the [...]

ESC 0 Select l/&-Inch Line Spacing Format: ASCII code: ESC 0 Decimal: 27 48 Hexadecimal: 1B 30 Comments: Sets the line spacing to 1/8 of an inch for subsequent line feed com- mands. The "0" is the digit zero and not ASCII code 0. ESC 1 Select 7/72-Inch Line Spacing Format: ASCII code: ESC I Decimal: 27 49 Hexadecimal : 1B 31 Comments:[...]

ESC 3 Select n/216-Inch Line Spacing Format: ASCII code: ESC 3 (n) Decimal: 27 51 (n) Hexadecimal: I3 33 (n) Comments: Sets the line spacing to n/216 of an inch for subsequent line feed commands. The “3” is the digit three and not ASCII code 3. The value of n should be in the range 0 to 255. ESC J Immediate n/216-Inch Line Feed Format: ASCII co[...]

Form feed and page length FF Format: Form Feed ASCII code: F F Decimal: 12 Hexadecimal: 0C Control: CTRL L Comments: Prints the data in the print buffer and advances the paper to the top of the next page according to the current page length. ESC C Select Page Length in Lines Format: ASCII code: ESC C (n) Decimal: 27 67 (n) Hexadecimal: 1B 43 (n) Co[...]

Tabs HT Tab Horizontally Format: ASCII code: H T Decimal: 9 Hexadecimal: 09 Control: CTRL I Comments: Advances the print position to the next horizontal tab setting. ESC D Set Horizontal Tabs Format: ASCII code: ESC Decimal: 27 Hexadecimal: 1B Comments: D (n1) (n2) ... 0 68 (n1) (n2) ... 0 44 (n1) (n2) ... 00 This command allows setting of up to 32[...]

ESC B Select Vertical Tabs Format: ASCII code: ESC Decimal: 27 Hexadecimal: 1B Comments: B (n1) (n2) ... 0 66 (n1) (n2) ... 0 42 (n1) (n2) ... 00 Sets up to 16 vertical tabs in the current line spacing. Tab settings are not affected by subsequent changes in line spacing. Terminate this tab sequence with 0 or a number less than that of the last tab.[...]

ESC e Set Horizontal and Vertical Tabs Format: ASCII code: ESC Decimal: 27 Hexadecimal: 1B Comments: e (n1) (n2) 101 (n1) (n2) 85 (n1) (n2) Sets horizontal and vertical tab increments. Horizontal format when nl = 0. In BASIC: CHR$(27);“eO”;CHR!$(n) where n is the number of spaces and equals: 0 - 21 in pica, 0 - 25 in elite, 0 - 36 in compressed[...]

Graphics Note: See Chapter 8 for sample graphics programs. ESC K -Select Single-Density Graphics Mode Format: ASCII code: ESC K (n1) (n2) Decimal: 27 Hexadecimal: 1B Comments: 75 (n1) (n2) 4B (n1) (n2) Turns on single-density graphics mode with 480 possible dots per 8-inch line. If d is the total number of columns required, nl = d MOD 256 n2 = INT([...]

ESC Y Select High-Speed Double-Density Graphics Mode Format: ASCII code: ESC Y (n1) (n2) Decimal: 27 89 (n1) (n2) Hexadecimal: 1B 59 (n1) (n2) Comments: Turns on high-speed double-density graphics mode with 960 possi- ble dot positions per B-inch line. Will not print consecutive dots in a row. If d is the total number of columns required, nl = d MO[...]

ESC * Format: ASCII code: ESC Decimal : 27 Hexadecimal: 1B Comments: Select Graphics Mode * (m) (n1) (n2) 42 (m) (n1) (n2) 2A (m) (n1) (n2) Turns on graphics mode m. See Chapter 8 for details on the 7 modes available. If d is the total number of dots required, nl = d MOD 256 n2 = INT(d / 256) This command must be followed by d data numbers. ESC ? R[...]

User-Defined Characters Note: See Chapter 7 for sample programs and further information. ESC & Format: ASCII code: Decimal: ESC 27 Define User-Defined Characters & NUL (d1) (d2) ... (dn) 38 0 (d1) (d2) ... (dn) Hexadecimal: 1B Comments: 26 00 (d1) (d2) ... (dn) This command allows characters to be re-defined in the currently selected mode. [...]

Other Codes BEL Format: ASCII code: BEL Decimal: 7 Hexadecimal: 07 Control: CTRL G Comments: Sounds the printer’s beeper. Beeper BS Backspace Format: ASCII code: B S Decimal: 8 Hexadecimal: 08 Control: CTRL H Comments: Prints out data in the print buffer, then moves the print position one space to the left. If this code is received immediately af[...]

DC 1 Format:’ ASCII code: DC1 Decimal : 17 Hexadecimal : 11 Control: CTRL Q Comments: Select Printer Returns the printer to the on-line mode if it has been switched off by the printer deselect code, DC3. It will not switch the printer on line if it has been switched off using the ON LINE switch on the control panel. DC 3 Deselect Printer Format: [...]

ESC EM Cut Sheet Feeder Control Format: ASCII code: ESC EM (n) Decimal: 27 25 (n) Hexadecimal: 1B 19 (n) Comments: Used with the optional cut-sheet feeder. When n = 0 the feeder is turned off, when n = 4 it is turned on. Using DIP switch 1-3 pro- duces the same effect. ESC a Disable Paper-Out Sensor Format: ASCII code: ESC 8 Decimal: 27 56 Hexadeci[...]

ESC < Select Unidirectional Mode (one line) Format: ASCII code: ESC < Decimal : 27 60 Hexadecimal: 1B 3C Comments: Selects unidirectional printing for more accurate positioning during text printing for one line only. It is cancelled by a carriage return. ESC @ Initialize Printer Format: ASCII code: ESC @ Decimal: 27 64 Hexadecimal: 1B 40 Comm[...]

ESC s Select Half-Speed Mode Format: ASCII code: ESC (n) Decimal: 27 115 (n) Hexadecimal: 1B 73 (n) Comments: n = 1 selects the mode n = 0 cancels it. DEL Delete Character Format: ASCII code: DEL Decimal: 127 Hexadecimal: 7 F Comments: Removes the last text character in the print buffer but does not affect control codes. It cannot be guaranteed in [...]

Appendix D DIP Switches and Interface Several tiny switches called DIP (for Dual In-Line Package) switches are in the back of your LX-90 printer. These switches control a number of important printer functions. This appendix also describes the interface. DIP Switches The design of the LX-90 gives you easy access to the switches, which you can locate[...]

Always turn the power OFF (with the switch on the right side of the printer) before you change the setting of any of these switches. Any changes made while the power is on will be ignored until you turn the printer off and back on. So set all switches with the power off. Table D-l shows you the functions of all the switches, and the rest of the app[...]

Switch 1-5 controls the paper-end detector. When it is ON, the detec- tor is inactive, causing printing to continue when the printer is out of paper. When it is OFF, the printer stops when the end of the paper passes the paper-end detector. The ESCape “8” command also per- forms this function, but computer systems that monitor printer cable pin[...]

Interface The PIC uses an &bit, Centronics ® -compatible, parallel interface. Connector pin assignments and a description of respective interface signals are shown in Table D-3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 11 12 Return Direc. Pin Signal tion Description 19 STROB E IN STROBE pulse to read data in. Pulse 20 21 22 23 2 4 25 26 27 28 DATA 1 DATA 2 DATA [...]

Table D-3, continued Signal Return Pin Pin Signal Direc- tion 1 3 - SLCT OUT 14 - NC - 1 5 - NC - 1 6 - N C - 1 7 - CHASSI S GN D - 18 - NC - 19 - 30 - GND - 3 1 - INIT IN 3 2 - ERROR OUT 33 - NC - 34 - NC - 3 5 - NC - 3 6 - NC - Unused. Unused. Description Pulled up to + 5 volts through 3.3K ohm resistance. Unused. Printer’s chassis ground, whic[...]

4. Data transfer must be carried out by observing the ACKNLG or BUSY signal. (Data transfer to this printer can be carried out only after receipt of the ACKNLG signal or when the level of the BUSY signal is LOW.) 5. Under normal conditions, printer cable pins 11, 12, and 32 are acti- vated when the paper-out condition is detected. The ESCape”8”[...]

Appendix E Troubleshooting and Advanced Features This appendix presents explanations of the LX-90’s advanced fea- tures and solutions for possible problems. If you have trouble or want to know more about some of the LX-90 features, consult the appropri- ate section in this appendix. Installation of Commercial Software Programs Many commercial sof[...]

Reset codes Some software sends a reset code before it begins printing. This cancels any SelecType settings. If you find that SelecType does not change your printing, the reset code is probably the reason. The solu- tion is to use the installation program for your software to remove all codes from the initialization sequence. See your software manu[...]

Suppose that you have set emphasized and NLQ Modes and then you decide that you don’t want emphasized. You can either cancel all the modes and reset NLQ, or you can use the following steps to cancel emphasized and leave NLQ. 1. See that the ON LINE and READY lights are on. (Be sure that you do not touch the power switch and cancel all the modes.)[...]

If the printer beeps and stops printing when it is not out of paper, turn the printer off and check to see if the paper is loaded correctly. If the paper is loaded correctly, turn the printer back on and try to print again. If the printer beeps and does not print again, take it to a qualified service person. Applesoft BASIC Solutions Applesoft BASI[...]

Data Dump Mode The LX-90 has a special feature that makes it easy for experienced printer users to find the causes of problems. Called the data dump mode, it gives a printout of exactly what codes reach the printer. Enter this mode by turning on the power switch on the right side of the printer while holding down the FF and LF buttons at the same t[...]

The first code in line 0000 is hex 46, which is the same as decimal 70, which is the code for “F”; therefore “F” is printed in the first position in the guide section. Then, because there is no semicolon in line 20, BASIC sends a carriage return and a line feed, hex codes OD and OA. Each of these is represented by a dot in the guide section[...]

The data dumping capability can help you find problems and debug programs quickly. 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 OA OB OC OD OE OF 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1 A 1B 1 C 1D 1E 1F 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2A 2B 2C 2D 2E 2F 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 3A 3B 3C 3D 3E 3F 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4A 4B 4C 4D 4E 4F 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 5[...]

INDEX A American Standard Code for Information Interchange. See ASCII ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange), 18 codes listed for all characters, A2-A5 Automatic test. See Self test Automatic line feed, D3 B BASIC programs, how to run, 20 Beeper, D3, E3-E4 Bold printing. See Double-strike; Emphasized C Cancelling codes, 22 Chara[...]

D Data dump mode, E5-E7 DIP switches, 4, Dl-D3 Dot graphics. See Graphics Dot matrix printing, 15-17 Double-strike mode, 26 Can also be set with SelecType Dumping data in hexadecimal, E5-E7 E Elite mode, 16, 21, 24 Can also be set with SelecType Emphasized mode, 25-26 Can also be set with SelecType Error warnings, E3-E4 ESCape code, 18 listed by fu[...]

H Head. See Print head Hex dumping. See Data dump mode HomeWriter-10, 1 I Installation. See Commercial software Interface, D4 International characters, 31-33, D3 J Justification with NLQ, 39-40 L Left margin. See Margins LE See Control panel Line feed, 38 automatic, DIP switch setting for, D3 Line spacing, 38-39 Listing programs, 7 M Margins, 37-38[...]

O ON LINE light and button, 6-7 See also SelecType feature P Page, top of, 23 Page formatting, 37-40 Panel buttons, selecting typestyles with. See SelecType Paper length, D2 PAPER-OUT light, 6 Paper-out sensor, 39 DIP switch control of, D3 Parallel interface, D4 Perforation. See Skip-over-perforation PIC. See Printer Interface Cartridge Pica mode, [...]

S SelecType feature, 9-12 cancelling functions with, E2-E3 troubleshooting, El-E2 Self-adhesive labels, E3 Self test, 4-5 Single-sheet printing, 39 Skip-over-perforation, 38 Spacing. See Line spacing Special graphics characters, Cl0 Subscript mode, 30-31 Superscript mode, 30-31 Switches. See DIP switches Test pattern. See Self test Top of page, 23 [...]

EPSON AMERICA, INC. LIMITED WARRANTY Epson America, Inc. hereby warrants that it will repair or replace, at its option, any part of the Epson product with which this warranty is enclosed which proves defective by reason of improper workmanship and/or material, without charge for parts or labor, for a period of one (1) year. This warranty period com[...]