Garmin 400/500 manual

400/500 Series Garmin Optional Displays Pilot’ s Guide Addendum For: •GDL 49 Weather Datalink •GDL 69/69A XM Satellite Datalink •GTX 330/330D TIS •Garmin T A WS (GPS 500 & GNS 530) •Garmin TERRAIN[...]

Forewor d Garmin ® is a r egister ed trademark, and GTX™ and GDL™ ar e trademarks of Garmin Ltd. or its subsidiaries and may not be used without the expr ess permission of Garmin.  This Pilot’ s Guide Addendum is written for: • Garmin GPS 400, GNC 420/420A, and GNS 430/430A Main System Software V ersion 5.01 • Garmin GPS 500 & GNS[...]

i INTRODUCTION W arnings and Cautions        W ARNING: T errain data is obtained from third party sources. Garmin is not able to independently verify the accuracy of this data which should be used only as an aid for situational awareness . T er - rain data must not be used as the sole basis for decisions or maneuvers to avoid t[...]

ii Introduction T able of Contents Content s P AR T ONE: TRAFFIC INFORMA TION SER VICE (TIS) INTERF ACE Section 1: TIS Operation and Symbology ..................................................................................... 1 TIS Operation .........................................................................................................[...]

iii INTRODUCTION T able of Contents Section 2: NEXRAD Overview ..................................................................................................... 12 NEXRAD Description ......................................................................................................................... 12 NEXRAD Abnormalities .................[...]

iv Introduction T able of Contents Section 5: T emperature, Dewpoints, and Winds ......................................................................... 24 Displaying T emperatur e/Dewpoints .................................................................................................... 24 Displaying W ind Data ...............................[...]

v INTRODUCTION T able of Contents TERRAIN/Obstacle Database Areas of Coverage ................................................................................. 36 Navigation Database ........................................................................................................................... 36 Nearest Airport C riteria & TERRAIN [...]

vi Introduction T able of Contents T A WS Symbols .................................................................................................................................. 50 Color Interpretation ........................................................................................................................... 50 General Database I[...]

1 Section 1 TIS Operation and Symbology  P A RT O NE : TR A FF IC I NF ORM A T ION S ERVI CE ( TI S ) I NT ER F A C E Sec tio n 1 : TIS O peratio n and Sym bolog y TIS Operation NO TE: P art One of this Addendum assumes the user has experience operating the 400/500 Series units and the Garmin GTX 330 T ransponder . The T raffic Information Serv[...]

2 Section 1 TIS Operation and Symbology TIS Limitations NO TE: T his section on TIS Limitations is not comprehensive . Garmin recommends the user review the TIS Limitations section of the Aeronautical Information Manual, Section 1-3-5. TIS is NOT intended to be used as a collision avoidance system and does not relieve the pilot responsibility to ?[...]

3 TIS Operation and Symbology Section 1 TIS information is collected one radar scan prior to the scan during which the uplink occurs. Therefore, the surveillance information is appr oximately 5 seconds old. In order to pr esent the intrud- ers in a “real time” position, the TIS gr ound station uses a “predictive algorithm” in its tracking s[...]

4 TIS Operation and Symbology Section 1 TIS Symbology TIS traffic is displayed on the 400/500 Series unit according to TCAS symbology , graphically displayed on a dedicated graphical page (T raffic Page; see below), and on the moving Map Page. A T raffic Advisory (T A) symbol appears as a solid yellow circle (or half cir cle on the outer range r[...]

5 Section 2 Controls and Display Sec tio n 2 : Cont rol a nd D is play TIS T raffic Display Status and Pilot Response • STBY — When the 400/500 displays STBY in the upper right hand cor ner of the display the TIS system is in standby mode and cannot display traffic data. • OPER — When the 400/500 displays OPER in the upper right hand cor [...]

6 Section 2 Controls and Display T raffic Ground T rack T raffic ground track is indicated in the 400/500 display by a “tar get track vector”, a short line displayed in 45-degree increments, extending in the dir ection of target movement. T raffic W arning Window When the unit is on any page (other than the NA V T raffic Page) and a traffi[...]

7 Controls and Display Section 2 Map Page TIS traffic is displayed on the Map Page in addition to the T raffic Page. Configuring TIS T raffic Data on the Map P age T o configur e TIS tr affic on the Map P age: 1. T urn the small right knob to select the Map P age . 2. Press the MENU k ey . T urn the small right knob to select ‘Setup Map’?[...]

8 Controls and Display Section 2 Highlighting TIS T raffic Using Map P age Panning Another Map Page feature is panning, which allows you to move the map beyond its curr ent limits without adjusting the map scale. When you select the panning function — by pressing the small right knob — a target pointer will flash on the map display . A window[...]

9 TIS Operational Procedur es Section 3 Sec tio n 3 : TIS O peratio nal Pro cedu re s Introduction TIS warns the user with voice and visual traffic advisories whenever it predicts an intruder to be a threat (see sidebar). The user should not start evasive maneuvers using information fr om the 400/500 display or on a traffic advisory only . The di[...]

10 TIS Operational Procedur es Section 3 Manual Override The user can manually switch between standby (STBY) and operating (OPER) mode of operation to manually override automatic operation. T o place the display into oper ating mode from the standby mode (to display TIS traffic): 1. T urn the cursor on and highlight ‘STBY’. 2. T urn the small [...]

11 Introduction Section 1 P A RT T WO : WE A TH ER DA T A LINK I NT ER F A C E Sec tio n 1 : Int rodu c tio n The Garmin 400/500 Series units provides the display and contr ol interface for the textual and graphi- cal weather data link. For the GDL 49, satellite up-linked textual and graphical weather data is received on a request/reply basis. T ra[...]

12 Section 2 NEXRAD Overview Sec tio n 2 : N E XR A D Over view NEXRAD Description WSR-88D weather surveillance radar or NEXRAD (NEXt generation RADar) is a Doppler radar system that has greatly impr oved the detection of meteorological events such as thunderstorms, tornadoes, and hurricanes. An extensive network of NEXRAD stations pr ovides almost[...]

13 Section 2 NEXRAD Overview NEXRAD Intensity Colors are used to identify the dif ferent NEXRAD echo intensities (reflectivity) measur ed in dBZ (decibels of Z). “Reflectivity” (designated by the letter Z) is the amount of transmitted power returned to the radar receiver . The dBZ values increase as r eturned signal strength increases. Precip[...]

14 Section 3 NEXRAD Operation Sec tio n 3 : NE X R AD O perat ion Requesting NEXRAD Data NEXRAD data can be requested fr om the Data Link Page or the Map Page. T o r equest NEXRAD data from the Data Link P age: 1. Select the Data Link P age from the AUX P age Group. 2. Press CRSR . ‘NexRAD REQUEST’ is highlighted. 3. Press ENT . The NEXRAD REQU[...]

15 Section 3 NEXRAD Operation NO TE: It is recommended that the pilot turn the Auto Request function ‘on’ by setting it to ‘10 min’ updates . T his setting provides best performance for the GDL 49. T here is no Auto Request function for GDL 69. Instead, weather data is updated automati- cally as it becomes available from XM. F or NEXRAD , t[...]

16 Section 3 NEXRAD Operation Data Received Message (GDL 49 Only) When the request has been answered, the message annunciator (MSG) will flash to alert you to one of the following messages depending on the type of data received: • New NEXRAD Received • New Graphic MET AR Received • New T ext MET AR Received Displaying NEXRAD Data on the W ea[...]

17 Section 3 NEXRAD Operation Displaying NEXRAD Data on the Map Page When NEXRAD data is received, it is displayed on the Map Page, in addition to the W eather Page and the default NA V Page. Customizing NEXRAD Data on the Map Page Y ou can customize NEXRAD data on the Map Page by using the Page Menu. T o customize the Map P age: 1. Go to the Map P[...]

18 Section 3 NEXRAD Operation Displaying NEXRAD Data on the Default NA V Page (500 Series Only) When NEXRAD data is received, it is displayed on the default NA V Page, in addition to the W eather Page and the Map Page. T o select the Default NA V P age fr om the Data Link P age: 1. T urn the large right knob to the left and move through the P age G[...]

19 Section 3 NEXRAD Operation Data Link Request Log Page (GDL 49 Only) The Data Link Request Log Page is used to display the data that was requested. When a request is received, a check mark is placed in the box. Sending Position Reports (GDL 49 Only) The Data Link allows for accurate location tracking of your air craft by sending your position man[...]

20 Section 4 MET AR Operation Sec tio n 4 : ME T AR O peration Requesting Graphical MET ARS Graphical MET AR Data can be requested from the Data Link Page, Map Page, or Airport Page. T o r equest Graphical MET ARS from the Data Link P age: 1. Select the Data Link P age . 2. Press CRSR . T urn the small right knob and highlight ‘Metar Request’. [...]

21 Section 4 MET AR Operation 4. Enter the type of MET AR Data you desire and the desired r adius (graphical requests only). 5. Select Manual Send? and press ENT . T he request has been sent. Once received, Graphical MET AR data is displayed on the NA V W eather Page. Displaying Graphical MET ARS on the NA V W eather P age T o display Gr aphical ME[...]

22 Section 4 MET AR Operation Look at the W eather Legend Page for a description of the T emperatur e, Dew Point, and Wind symbology . Wind data displayed on the NA V W eather Page. W eather Legend Page The symbology unique to Graphical MET AR, Winds, and T emperature/Dew Point data is displayed on the W eather Legend Page. The W eather Legend Page[...]

23 Section 4 MET AR Operation Displaying T extual MET ARS Once received, T extual MET ARS are displayed on the MET ARS T ext Page. T o select the MET ARS T ext P age: 1. Select the Data Link P age . 2. Select ‘T extual Metar’. 3. Press ENT . T he T extual MET AR Page is displayed for the airport you selected. Y ou can enter a different identi?[...]

24 Section 5 T emperature , Dewpoints , and W inds Sec tio n 5 : T e mpe rature , Dew point s , a nd Wi nd s Displaying T emperature/Dewpoints T emperature/Dewpoints are displayed on the NA V W eather Page. T o display T emper ature/Dewpoints on the NA V W eather P age: 1. Select the NA V Weather P age . 2. Press CRSR . The upper left hand corner d[...]

25 Section 6 T roubleshooting Sec tio n 6 : T roubl es hooti ng Although it is the responsibility of the facility that installed the GDL 49 or GDL 69/69A to corr ect any hardwar e problems, you can perform some quick tr oubleshooting steps to find the possible cause of a failure. First, ensure that the owner/operator of the air craft in which the [...]

26 Section 6 T roubleshooting GDL 49 Datalink Status • TX Queue — Shows the number of requests in the GDL 49’ s transmit queue waiting to be sent to the satellite. • RX Queue — Shows the number of responses in the GDL 49’ s receive queue waiting to be sent to the 400/500 Series. • Sat ID/Connectivity — Shows the current satellite in[...]

27 Section 6 T roubleshooting GDL 69/69A Datalink Status • Sat ID/Connectivity — This field shows the current activation status and signal strength of the XM Satellite Radio weather service. The Sat ID/Connectivity field shows the following: Sat ID Field ‘--’ GDL 69/69A - 400/500 Series interface communications not yet established. ‘XM?[...]

28 Section 6 T roubleshooting This page intentionally left blank[...]

29 Section 1 Introduction Figur e 1-1: The Garmin TERRAIN system offers many of the featur es of Garmin T A WS but is non-TSO- C151b-cer tified. P A RT TH RE E TE RR AIN I NTE R F A CE Sec tio n 1 : Int rodu c tio n Overview Garmin TERRAIN is a non-TSO-C151b-certified terrain awareness system incorporated into 400/500 Series units to increase sit[...]

30 Section 1 Introduction TERRAIN Alerting using the GPS Position/GPS-MSL Altitude The Garmin TERRAIN system utilizes terrain and obstacle databases that are refer enced to Mean Sea Level (MSL). Using the GPS Position and GPS-MSL Altitude, Garmin TERRAIN portrays a 2D picture of the surrounding terrain and obstacles r elative to the position and al[...]

31 Section 1 Introduction When an instrument approach is loaded in the active flight plan, the PDA function can pr ovide a greater mar gin of safety by alerting for altitude deviations below minimum appr oach altitudes. Minimum altitudes are typically known for the segment prior to the final appr oach fix and for step-down fixes prior to the mi[...]

32 Section 2 TERRAIN Operation Figur e 2-1: Power -up Sequence Figur e 2-2: TERRAIN Page Sec tio n 2 : TE RR A I N Operat ion Power Up During power -up of the 400/500 Series unit, the terrain/obstacle database versions are displayed along with a disclaimer (Figure 2-1). At the same time, the TERRAIN system self-test begins. A failur e message is is[...]

33 Section 2 T errain Operation Seven display ranges are available, allowing for a more complete view of the surr ounding area. T o change the display r ange: 1. Select the TERRAIN Page and press up or down on the RNG k ey to select the desired r ange: 1 nm, 2 nm, 5 nm, 10 nm, 25 nm, 50 nm, 100 nm. A viation information such as airports, VORs, and [...]

34 Section 2 TERRAIN Operation Color T errain/Obstacle Location Red Terrain/Obstacle is within 100’ or above aircraft altitude. Yellow Terrain/Obstacle is within 1000’ of aircraft altitude. Black Terrain/Obstacle is more than 1000’ below aircraft altitude. T o enable TERRAIN: 1. Select the TERRAIN Page and press MENU . ‘Enable T err ain?’[...]

35 Section 2 TERRAIN Operation General Database Information The Garmin TERRAIN system uses terrain and obstacle information supplied by government sources. The data undergoes verification by Garmin to confirm accuracy of the content, per TSO-C151b. How - ever , the infor mation displayed should never be understood to be all-inclusive. Pilots must[...]

36 Section 2 TERRAIN Operation Section 2 T errain/Obstacle Database Areas of Cover age The following describes the area of coverage available in each database. Regional definitions may change without notice. CA UTION: Obstacles 200’ and higher are included in the Obstacle Database . It is very important to note that not all obstacles are necessa[...]

37 Section 2 TERRAIN Operation Nearest Airport Criteria & T err ain Phase of Flight Changes to the Nearest Airport Criteria Page (Figure 2-8) af fect how the TERRAIN system performs. The nearest airport list is used to derive the terrain destination airport when ther e is no loaded active flight plan or when deviating from the active flight p[...]

38 Section 3 TERRAIN Alerts Figur e 3-2: Pop-up T errain Alert Figur e 3-1: TERRAIN Annunciation Field TERRAIN Annunciation Field Sec tio n 3 : TER R A IN A ler t s TERRAIN alerts are issued when flight conditions meet parameters that are set within the TERRAIN system software algorithms. When an alert is issued, visual annunciations ar e displaye[...]

39 Section 3 TERRAIN Alerts Forward Looking T err ain Avoidance The Forward Looking T errain A voidance alert, or FL T A, is used by the TERRAIN system and is com- posed of two elements: • Reduced Requir ed T errain Clearance (R TC) A voidance — Provides alerts when the air craft flight path is above terrain, yet is projected to come within mi[...]

40 Section 3 TERRAIN Alerts Prematur e Descent Alerting (PD A) The TERRAIN system issues a Premature Descent alert when the system detects that the air craft is significantly below the normal approach path to a runway . Ther e are three dif ferent scenarios to consider with PDA: •No Approach Loaded—PDA alerting begins when the air craft is wit[...]

41 Section 3 TERRAIN Alerts TERRAIN F ailure Alert The TERRAIN system continually monitors several system-critical items, such as database validity , hardwar e status, and GPS status. Should the system detect a failure, a message is annunciated ‘TERRAIN has failed’ (Figure 3-5). ‘TERRAIN Not Available’ Alert The TERRAIN system requires a 3D[...]

42 Section 3 TERRAIN Alerts TERRAIN Alert Summary T able 3-2 summarizes the TERRAIN alerts. T able 3-2: TERRAIN Alerts Summary Alert T ype Annuciation P op-Up Alert TER RAIN F ail ure None TER RAIN Inh ibit ed None TER RAIN Not Av ai labl e None Req uire d T err ai n Cl ear ance (R TC) Adv isor y Req uire d T err ain Cle ar ance (R TC) Alert (FLASH[...]

43 Section 1 Introduction Figur e 1-1: Garmin T A WS satisfies TSO-C151b Class B r equir ements for certification P A RT FO U R T AWS INT ER F A C E Sec tio n 1 : Int rodu c tio n Overview Garmin’ s T errain A wareness W arning System (T A WS) is an optional featur e for the GPS 500 and GNS 530/530A to increase situational awareness and aid in [...]

44 Section 1 Introduction T AWS Alerting using the GPS Position/GPS-MSL Altitude Garmin T A WS utilizes terrain and obstacle databases that are referenced to Mean Sea Level (MSL). Using the GPS Position and GPS-MSL Altitude, Garmin T A WS portrays a 2D picture of the surrounding terrain and obstacles relative to the position and altitude of the air[...]

45 Section 1 Introduction PDA alerting is provided for both non-published visual appr oaches and published instrument approaches to airports. When an instrument appr oach is loaded in the active flight plan, the PDA function can provide a gr eater margin of safety by alerting for altitude deviations below minimum approach altitudes. Minimum altitu[...]

46 Section 2 T A WS Operation Figur e 2-1: The T A WS Page Sec tio n 2 : T AWS Operation Power Up During power -up of the 500 Series unit, the terrain/obstacle database versions are displayed along with a disclaimer to the pilot. At the same time, T A WS self-test begins. T A WS gives the following aural messages upon test completion: • ‘ T A W[...]

47 Section 2 T A WS Operation Figur e 2-2: 120 ˚ Viewing Angle on the T A WS Page Figur e 2-3: A viation Data T o display a 120˚ view: 1. Select the TA WS P age and press MENU . Select ‘V iew 120˚?’. 2. Press ENT . The T AWS P age displays the 120˚ view (Figure 2-2) . To change to a 360˚ view , repeat step 1, select ‘View 360˚?’, and [...]

48 Section 2 T A WS Operation Inhibit Mode T A WS provides an ‘inhibit mode’ (Figure 2-4). This mode is designed to deactivate PDA/FL T A aural and visual alerts when they are deemed unnecessary by the aircr ew . Flying VFR into an ar ea where unique terrain exists could cause the system to annunciate a nuisance alert. Pilots should use discret[...]

49 Section 2 T A WS Operation T AWS Manual T est Garmin T A WS provides a manual test capability which verifies the pr oper operation of the aural and visual annunciations of the system prior to a flight. T o manually test the T A WS system: 1. Select the TA WS P age and press MENU . 2. Select the ‘T est T errain?’ option (Figure 2-5). 3. Pre[...]

50 Section 2 T A WS Operation T AWS Symbols The symbols depicted in Figure 2-6 are used to r epresent obstacles and potential impact points on the T A WS Page. Note that obstacle symbols are shown on display zoom ranges up to 10 nm. Color Interpr etation Garmin T A WS uses black, yellow , and red to depict terrain information r elative to aircraft [...]

51 Section 2 T A WS Operation General Database Information Garmin T A WS uses terrain and obstacle information supplied by gover nment sources. The data under - goes verification by Garmin to confirm accuracy of the content, per TSO-C151b. However , the displayed infor mation should never be understood as being all-inclusive. Pilots must familiar[...]

52 Section 2 T A WS Operation T errain/Obstacle Database Areas of Cover age The following describes the area of coverage available in each database. Regional definitions may change without notice. NO TE: Obstacles 200’ and higher are included in the Obstacle Database. It is very impor - tant to note that not all obstacles are necessarily charted[...]

53 Section 2 T A WS Operation Nearest Airport Criteria & T A WS Phase of Flight Changes to the Nearest Airport Criteria Page (Figure 2-9) af fects how T A WS performs. The nearest air - port list is used to derive the T A WS destination airport when there is no loaded active flight plan or when off the active flight plan or when deviating fr [...]

54 Section 3 T A WS Alerts Figur e 3-1: T A WS Annunciation Field T A WS Annunciation Field Sec tio n 3 : T A WS Ale r t s Alerts are issued when flight conditions meet parameters that are set within T A WS software algorithms. T A WS alerts typically employ either a CAUTION or a W ARNING alert severity level, or both. When an alert is issued, vis[...]

55 Section 3 T A WS Alerts Forward Looking T err ain Avoidance The Forward Looking TERRAIN A voidance alert, or FL T A, is used by T A WS and is composed of two elements: Reduced Requir ed T errain Clearance (R TC) A voidance — Provides alerts when the air craft flight path is above terrain, yet is projected to come within minimum clearance valu[...]

56 Section 3 T A WS Alerts Prematur e Descent Alerting (PD A) Garmin T A WS issues a Premature Descent alert when the system detects that the air craft is significantly below the normal approach path to a runway . Ther e are three dif ferent scenarios to consider with PDA: • No Approach Loaded—PDA alerting begins when the air craft is within 1[...]

57 Section 3 T A WS Alerts Excessive Descent Rate Alert (EDR) The purpose of the Excessive Descent Rate alert is to pr ovide suitable alerts when the aircraft is deter - mined to be closing (descending) upon terrain at an excessive speed. Figure 3-4 shows the parameters for the alert as defined by TSO-C151b. Excessive Descent Rate Severity Levels [...]

58 The ‘Don’ t Sink’ pop-up terrain alert accompanies the aural message for the NCR alert. The aural message “ Don’ t Sink ” or “ TOO LOW , TERRAIN ” is issued also. Section 3 T A WS Alerts Negative Climb Rate After T akeoff Alert (NCR) The purpose of the Negative Climb Rate After T akeof f alert (also referr ed to as ‘Altitude Lo[...]

59 Section 3 T A WS Alerts Figur e 3-7: ‘TERRAIN F AILED’ Display Figur e 3-8: ‘TERRAIN NOT A V AILABLE’ Display ‘Five-Hundred’ Aural Alert The purpose of the aural alert message ‘Five-hundred’ is to pr ovide an advisory alert to the pilot that the aircraft is five-hundr ed feet above terrain. When the aircraft descends within 500 [...]

60 Section 3 T A WS Alerts T AWS Alert Summary The aural alert voice gender is configurable to be either male or female. Also, there ar e differ ent alert text phrases available for several of the alerts, as summarized in T able 3-2. See your Garmin installer for further information on configuring the alert system. T able 3-2 T A WS Alerts Summar[...]

61 Section 3 T A WS Alerts Alert T ype T A WS P age Annuciation P op-Up Alert Aural Message Req uire d Ob stac le C lear an ce ( ROC) Cau tion or “Ca utio n, Ob stac le; Cauti on, Obst acle ” or “Ob stac le Ahead ; Ob stac le Ahead ” Req uire d Ob stac le C lear an ce ( ROC) Warning or “Ob stac le , O bsta cle; Pull Up , Pull Up” or “[...]

62 Section 3 T A WS Alerts This page intentionally left blank[...]

63 Appendix A F orecast Abbreviations Standard A viation For ecast Abbreviations CLR – Sky clear CIG – Ceiling FEW – Few clouds ‘+’ – (Heavy) BR – Light fog BLO – Below FZ – Freezing ‘/’ – (Missing or separator) SCT – Scattered clouds AFT – After FG – Thick fog G – Gusts TS – Thunderstorm OBSCD – Obscured BKN –[...]

64 Graphical MET AR Symbology Appendix A MET AR Graphics The following age symbols are common to MET ARs, W inds, and T emperature/Dewpoint graphics.: MET AR, W inds, and T emperature/Dewpoints Age Graphics 0 — 10 minutes (Gr een) 11 — 20 minutes (Gr een) 21 — 30 minutes (Gr een) 31 — 60 minutes (Gr een) 61+ minutes (Y ellow) Unknown (Y ell[...]

65 Appendix B Graphical MET AR Symbology Winds W ind V ector — The wind vector indicates the direction of the surface wind to the nearest 30˚ incre- ment (e.g. 30˚, 60˚, 90˚, 120˚, etc). W ind Speed — In general, the sum of the wind barbs is the sustained surface wind speed. Wind Speed (Blank) Unkown Short Barb 5 kts Long Barb 10 kts ≥ 3[...]

66 Graphical MET AR Symbology Appendix B T emperature - Dew P oints This symbol displays the differ ence between the reported temperature and dew point. Dif ferences ar e shown in degrees Fahrenheit. T emperatur e - Dew Point T emp - Dew Point Display Ranges (Blank) Unknown 11°+ (Gr een) 7° — 10° (Gr een) 0° — 6° (Y ellow) Ceiling Pr ecipi[...]

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