Garmin GPS 165TSO manual

GPS 165 TSO Pilo t ’ s Guide ® O WNER’S MANU AL & REFERENCE RTE MSG WPT NA V CRSR NR ST SET CLR EN T 165 manual 7/13/98 3:58 PM Page i[...]

165 manual 7/13/98 3:58 PM Page ii[...]

i INTRODUC TIO N Forewor d GARMIN™, GPS 165TSO™, AutoLocate™, MultiT rac8™, Spell’N’Find™ and AutoStore™ ar e trademarks of GARMIN International and may only be used with permission. All rights r eserved. Jeppesen™ and NavData® ar e register ed trademarks of Jeppesen Sandersen and ar e used with permission. This manual is written[...]

C AUTION The GPS system is operated by the United States government, which is solely responsible for its accuracy and maintenance. The system is subject to changes which could affect the accuracy and performance of all GPS equipment. Although the GARMIN GPS 165 is a precision electr onic NA Vigation AID (NA V AID), any NA V AID can be misused or mi[...]

Accessories & P acking List Congratulations on choosing the first GPS certified to meet the requirements of TSO C-129 Category A1 for non-precision IFR approach pr ocedures. The GPS 165 represents GARMIN’ s commitment to provide an accurate, easy-to-use GPS for all of your aviation needs. Before installing and getting started with your unit, [...]

Designed for accurate performance, and intuitive operation, the GPS 165 is a powerful navigation device that allows you to navigate IFR en route and appr oach procedur es for added convenience and safety . Precision Perfor mance • MultiT rac8™ receiver tracks and uses up to 8 satellites for fast, accurate positioning and speed data, with contin[...]

P AR T ONE: INTRODUCTION Forewor d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .i Cautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ii Accessories/Packing List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .i[...]

Appendix A: NavData ® Card Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94-95 Appendix B: Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96 Appendix C: Abbreviations & Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97-106 Appendix D: Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107 Appendix[...]

vii INTRODUC TION Key & Knob Functions K ey and Knob Functions B The power/brightness knob controls unit power and scr een brightness D The direct-to key performs an instant GOTO and allows you to enter a waypoint and sets a direct course to the destination. T The nearest key is used to obtain information on the 9 nearest airports, VORs, NDBs, [...]

viii INTRODUC TION Key & Knob Functions C The cursor key is used to activate/deactivate the cursor . The cursor is indi- cated by flashing characters on the screen and is used for data entry , chang- ing fields or cycling through available information. The clear key is used to erase information or cancel an entry . M The message key is used t[...]

Database Confirmation Page. W elcome Page. The GARMIN GPS 165 is a powerful navigational tool that provides pilots with accurate navigational information and non-precision appr oaches, SIDs and ST ARs. The Flying Start section is designed to get you familiar with the operation of the GPS 165. This will include powering up the unit and acquiring sat[...]

Searching the Sky Message. Acquiring satellite data. Enter the altitude manually if necessary . Once the database has been acknowledged, the Satellite Status page will appear , and the GPS 165 will begin to collect satellite information. An ‘Acquiring’ status will be displayed on the Satellite Status page, and the signal values on the bottom li[...]

NA V Menu 1. CDI page. NA V Menu 2. After the GPS 165 acquires satellites and computes a position, the Position page will appear automatically , and you’ll be informed with a ‘Ready for navigation’ mes- sage on the message page. The Position page displays your present latitude and longitude, altitude and a reference waypoint field, and is als[...]

A dir ect-to may also be per formed from any page that displays a single waypoint identifier (the near est airport page in this example) by simply pr essing the D key , followed by ENTER. Entering a dir ect-to destination. The GPS 165 uses direct point-to-point navigation to guide you fr om takeoff to touchdown in the IFR environment. Once a destin[...]

CDI page with an active destination. Near est Airport Page. In addition to the destination field and graphical CDI, the GPS 165 CDI page fea- tures four selectable fields for various navigation data so the page may be configured to your own preferences. The default settings for the CDI page ar e: • Gr ound Speed (gs)— Y our present speed over t[...]

T o r eview a nearest waypoint, simply highlight the identifier and pr ess ENTER. The Near est VOR Page. The GPS 165 will operate on an internal battery if external power is lost. T o view the nine nearest list for other waypoint categories (VOR, NDB, etc.) : 1. Rotate the O knob to the right, or press the T key repeatedly . 2. Rotate K to scroll t[...]

Section 1 Navigation K ey The GPS 165 features four navigation pages to pr ovide various position, course, speed and planning information. The navigation pages may viewed by pressing the NA V key and rotating the outer knob, or pressing the N key repeatedly . The CDI and Position pages are the primary pages used during in-flight naviga- tion, while[...]

If the GPS 165 is not curr ently navigating to a waypoint, ‘No actv wpt’ will be displayed in the CDI field. The GPS 165’ s CDI page provides you with the important information needed to navigate directly to your destination. The destination field, located at the bottom left of the page, displays the current destination waypoint or active r o[...]

The following functions may be displayed in the ground speed field: • gs -- Y our present speed over the ground. • str -- Steer direction and distance, or digital cr osstrack error . An ‘L ’ or ‘R’ indicates which direction to steer , while the distance value indi- cates how far you are of f course. The following functions may be displa[...]

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The GPS 165 position page displays your pr esent latitude and longitude, altitude and a reference waypoint field; and is also used to enter bar ometric pressure during approach operations. The altitude and r eference waypoint fields are selectable to con- figure the page to your own prefer ences and current navigation needs. The altitude field can [...]

The Position page also features a refer ence waypoint field , located at the bottom of the page, to indicate your radial and distance from a selected waypoint. The r efer- ence waypoint field can display the following: • Range, radial and identifier of the nearest airport, VOR, NDB, intersection or user waypoint • Range, radial and identifier f[...]

The GPS 165 features two nav menu pages for a host of valuable planning and calculating functions. NA V Menu 1 pr ovides access to the following functions: • T rip Planning • Density altitude/true air speed calc. • Fuel Planning • Winds aloft calculations • VNA V Planning • Checklist T rip Plan is the first function listed on NA V Menu [...]

The density altitude/tr ue air speed function is also accessed fr om NA V Menu 1. Density altitude is the altitude at which your air craft will perform depending on several environmental conditions including air pr essure and total air temperature (the tempera- ture including the ef fect of speed), read on a standard outside temperatur e gauge on m[...]

T o perfor m fuel planning operations: 1. Press C and use O to highlight ‘Fuel Plan?’. Press E . 2. Use K to select either ‘wpt’ for direct navigation or the route number you would like to use. 3. For direct-to navigation, use K and O enter the ‘to’ and ‘from’ waypoints. Press E to accept the waypoints (to use your present position [...]

The GPS 165 will also perform winds aloft calculations to inform you of the dir ection (true) and speed of the wind. This will also inform you whether you are flying with a headwind or tailwind, and its speed. T o calculate winds aloft: 1. Press C and use O to highlight ‘Winds?’. Press E . 2. Use K and O to enter your present heading in the ‘[...]

Y ou will now notice that the vertical speed field has been calculated. If you desire a faster climb or descent, you may enter that value now . 7. Use K and O to enter the new desired vertical speed, or press E to accept the calculated value. If you enter a greater value, the GPS 165 will display the elapsed time before the maneuver is to begin. Wh[...]

T o execute a checklist: 1. Press C and highlight ‘Chklist?’. Press E . 2. Rotate O to highlight the checklist you would like to see and press E . 3. Use O to view checklist items, and press E to check off a highlighted item. T o delete a checklist item or an entire checklist: 1. T o delete a checklist item, highlight the desired item and press[...]

When the count down timer reaches zer o, you will be informed with a ‘Timer expired’ message. The timer will then begin to count up, keeping track of how long it has been since it expired. The count up timer will not display a message. The timers run, if not altered, any time the GPS 165 is on. The GPS 165 clock function keeps track of both UTC[...]

The RAIM Prediction function allows you to confirm that GPS coverage is avail- able for a specific location or waypoint, any day of the year . R eceiver A utonomous I ntegrity M onitoring performs checks to ensure that the GPS 165 will have adequate satellite geometry to work with during your flight. RAIM availability will be near 100% in Oceanic, [...]

The scheduler function can be used to display reminder messages after a selected elapsed time such as Change Oil, Switch fuel tanks, etc. The scheduled message will be displayed after the timer runs out, and each time the GPS 165 is powered up, until the time is changed or the message is deleted. T o enter a scheduled message: 1. Press C and rotate[...]

The last function available from the GPS 165’ s NA V Menu 2 is the sunrise/sunset calculation , which will give you the sunrise and sunset times for any user or data- base waypoint, or your present position. T o calculate sunrise and sunset at a waypoint or your present position: 1. Press C and rotate O to highlight ‘Sunrise?’. Press E . 2. U[...]

Please note that your GPS 165 uses ICAO identifiers for all airport names. All continental U.S. airport identifiers which contain only letters use the pr efix ‘K’. For example, Los Angeles International is KLAX under the ICAO stan- dar d. Other airports, such as Otten Memorial (3VS), that contain numbers in the identifier , do not r equire the [...]

The GPS 165 organizes waypoints into one of five waypoint categories for your convenience. Each waypoint category provides dif ferent types of detailed information for a selected facility: • Airports - Identifier , city/state, country , facility name, position (lat/lon), elevation, fuel services, contr ol and approach information, IFR pr oce- dur[...]

After a waypoint category is selected, information for a waypoint may be viewed by entering the identifier or name of the desired waypoint. Airports, VORs and NDBs may be entered by either the identifier , name or the location (city) of the facility . Intersections and user waypoints must be entered by the identifier . T o enter a waypoint identifi[...]

Once a waypoint category and identifier have been selected, the GPS 165 will provide extensive information thr ough a set of waypoint pages for the selected cate- gory . W e’ll now go thr ough the pages available for each waypoint category in the order they appear on the waypoint menu page: airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections and user waypoints. [...]

The GPS 165 features six airport pages: airport identification— allows entry of desired airport by identifier , facility name or city; displays region and/or country of facility . airport position— allows entry of desired airport by identifier; displays latitude, longitude and elevation; usage or fuel availability , available approaches and air[...]

The airport position page displays the latitude, longitude and elevation of the selected airport, as well as usage or fuel availability , available appr oaches and airport control/radar capability . The following descriptions and abbreviations are used on the airport position page: Elevation— In feet or meters. Usage/Fuel— If the airport is for[...]

The airport procedur es page displays all the available approaches, SIDs and ST ARs at any selected airport in the database, without placing a specific approach, SID or ST AR in the active route. This allows the pilot to quickly scan the procedures of any nearby airport in case of an emergency or help plan future flights. Y ou may view the availabl[...]

The airport communication page displays the radio frequencies and usage for the selected airport, as well as sector and altitude restrictions. T o view the communication page from any of the airport information pages: 1. Rotate O with the flashing cursor removed to display the communication page. 2. Rotate K in the direction of the arrow prompt to [...]

The airport runway page displays runway designations, length, surface and lighting for the selected airport, as well as ILS/localizer and/or pilot controlled lighting frequencies. T o view the runway page from any of the airport information pages: 1. Rotate O with the flashing cursor removed to display the runway page. 2. T o view additional runway[...]

VOR Information The GPS 165 features three VOR waypoint pages: VOR identification— allows entry of desired VOR by identifier , facility name or city; displays region and/or country of facility . VOR position— allows entry of desired VOR by identifier; displays latitude, longitude and frequency , magnetic variation, weather broadcasts and DME/T [...]

NDB Information The GPS 165 also uses identification, position and comments pages for NDB information. The NDB waypoint pages are used in the same manner as VOR pages: NDB information is accessed by entering the desired facility’ s identifier , city or name (see page 25) on the NDB identification page. T o scroll thr ough the NDB pages: 1. Make s[...]

Intersection Information The last database waypoint category available is intersections. T wo intersection pages are available: intersection position and intersection comments. Intersections may be entered by identifier only (not city or name) on either intersection page. T o scroll thr ough the Intersection pages: 1. Make sure the cursor is not fl[...]

User W aypoint Infor mation In addition to the airport, VOR, NDB and intersection waypoints contained in your NavData® car d, the GPS 165 allows you to store up to 1,000 user -defined waypoints. Once a user waypoint is created, two user waypoint pages will display the following information: • W aypoint identifier • Position in latitude and lon[...]

If the waypoint identifier entered does not exist in the database, you will be prompted to select the method to enter the new waypoint’ s position into the data- base. If the waypoint exists (you’re just reviewing or editing a user waypoint), skip step 4 and move on to the next set of instructions. 4. Select the desired waypoint entry method us[...]

T o enter/edit a user waypoint position from a r eference waypoint: 1. Use K and O to enter the reference waypoint’ s identifier . 2. Press E . 3. Use K and O to enter the bearing from the reference waypoint. 4. Press E . 5. Use K and O to enter the distance from the reference waypoint. 6. Press E . The latitude and longitude will be calculated f[...]

The GPS 165’ s AutoStore TM function provides another method of creating user waypoints. AutoStore is used to instantly capture your pr esent position as a user way- point with a touch of a button, and add the new waypoint to the end of a specified route if desir ed. T o perfor m an AutoStore: 1. Press N and rotate O to display the Position page.[...]

The second page available from the GPS 165’ s WPT key is the proximity way- points page . This page allows you to define an alarm circle ar ound a selected way- point, and is useful in defining alarm circles ar ound towers or obstructions. Up to 9 proximity waypoints can be enter ed, with an alarm radius up to 99.9 units (nm, mi,). T o create or [...]

The third page available fr om the GPS 165’ s WPT key is the user waypoint list , which can be used to quickly scan, review , rename or delete user waypoints. T o display the user waypoint list: 1. Press W and use O to display the user waypoint list. 2. T o scroll through the list, rotate K . The total number of user waypoints is displayed at the[...]

The last page available through the GPS 165’ s WPT key is the waypoint com- ments page , which lists all waypoints that have a user comment. User comments may be added to 250 waypoints stored in the user or NavData ® database, and are helpful to note two lines of special information concerning a particular waypoint. T o enter user comments: 1. E[...]

The GPS 165’ s extensive waypoint database makes it possible for several way- points to share the same identifier . T o ensure that you ar e selecting the waypoint desired, the GPS 165 will always of fer the waypoint confir mation page (that shows the waypoint’ s position) when an identifier is entered for a particular function. T o accept the [...]

The GPS 165’ s NRST key provides detailed information including range and bear- ing from pr esent position on the nine nearest airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections and user waypoints within 200 nm of your current position. In addition, it will also dis- play the two nearest Flight Service Station (FSS) points of communication, and alert you to any[...]

The next page available under the GPS 165’ s NRST key is the SUA alert page . The SUA alert page will alert you with up to nine controlled or r estricted airspaces near or in your flight path, according to the following conditions: • If your pr ojected course will take you inside an SUA within the next 10 minutes, the message ‘ SUA ahead <[...]

The SUA alert page contains the following information: The ‘SUA number’ field displays which SUA you are viewing (you may be aler ted with up to 9 SUAs). SUAs are listed as ‘sua1’ being the highest priority , and ‘sua9’ being the lowest priority fr om your current position. The ‘SUA alert’ field displays the corr esponding alert mes[...]

The following SUA types can appear in the SUA type field: Message Airspace T ype alrt - Alert caut - Caution cl B - Class B cl C - Class C cta - ICAO Control Ar ea dngr - Danger moa - Military Operations Area proh - Prohibited rstc - Restricted tma - ICAO T erminal Control Area trng - T raining trsa - T erminal Radar Ser vice Area unsp - Unspecifie[...]

All SUA alert messages except for prohibited ar eas may be tur ned on or off through the GPS 165’ s S key (described page 92). The GPS 165 will also automati- cally turn off SUA alert messages during appr oach operations (see page 73). Alerts for prohibited ar eas will always be displayed, regardless of unit settings or operating mode. SUA alerts[...]

Section 3 Dir ect-to & R oute Navigation One of the many benefits of GPS navigation is the ability to fly directly to a way- point or fly a chain of waypoints without using ground-based navigation aids. T o take advantage of the convenience and efficiency pr ovided by point-to-point GPS naviga- tion, the GPS 165 provides two basic methods of se[...]

The GPS 165’ s direct-to function pr ovides a quick method of setting a course to a destination waypoint. Once a direct-to destination is activated, the GPS 165 will establish a point to point route line along the gr eat circle from your pr esent position to the destination, and provide steering guidance and navigation data to the waypoint until [...]

The GPS 165 lets you create up to 20 r outes (numbered 0 through 19), with up to 31 waypoints each. Routes are created, copied and edited thr ough the R key , which features five r oute pages selectable from the GPS 165’ s outer knob. The five route pages can be divided into two types: active r oute pages and a route catalog page. Active route pa[...]

1 The GPS 165’ s route catalog page is used to cr eate, edit, delete or copy routes, and serves as the main page for a host of functions, including route activation, deter- mining the closest point of approach and sear ch and rescue operations. It also displays a summary of routes currently stor ed in memor y , with the departur e and arrival rou[...]

Deleting a route waypoint. Adding a new route waypoint. Deleting the active route. The route editing function allows you to create new routes and edit existing routes. Cr eating routes before takeof f can help make approach, SID and ST AR opera- tions faster and easier during your flight. T o create or edit a r oute: 1. Use K to display the route n[...]

Once a route is defined thr ough the route catalog page, it may be activated or inverted (to navigate the route waypoints in r everse order) from the r oute catalog page. Activating or inverting a route copies the selected r oute into route 0 and over- writes the existing active route. T o activate a route: 1. Press R and use O to display the route[...]

T o copy a route: 1. Use K to display the route you would like to copy TO (the route must be empty). 2. Press C and use O to highlight the action field. 3. Use K to select ‘copy?’. Press E . 4. Use K to enter the route you would like to copy . The departure/arrival identifiers will be displayed for your reference. Press E to copy the route. The[...]

The GPS 165’ s search and rescue function provides navigation guidance for search and r escue operations, navigating in a ladder patter n to maximize coverage and efficiency . This is done in reference to two waypoints, called anchor waypoints. The first leg will be a specified distance from the line connecting the anchor waypoints, called the of[...]

During route navigation, it is sometimes desirable to navigate a specified distance away from the ‘active leg’ to help avoid certain airspaces or r egions. The GPS 165’ s parallel track feature will automatically guide you along a selected offset from the active leg. T o use offset navigation, or parallel track: 1. Press R and use O to displa[...]

Flying and Modifying the Active Route Once a route has been cr eated and activated, the GPS 165 will provide navigation to each route waypoint thr ough the active route and CDI pages. Fr om the active route pages, you may create and modify the active r oute, and insert an approach, SID or ST AR for your flight. The CDI page will display detailed na[...]

The ‘cum or leg’ field can be selected to display cumulative distance and ete/eta or the distance and ete/eta for each individual route leg. If cumulative is selected, the first leg’ s distance will be displayed, while the second leg will represent the first leg’ s distance plus the second leg, and so on. This also applies to the ete/eta fi[...]

T o delete a waypoint from the active r oute: 1. Press C , if necessary , to activate the cursor . 2. Use O to highlight the waypoint you would like to delete from the active route. 3. Press , followed by E . The next route waypoint (if available) will move up to take the position of the deleted waypoint. The active route page also allows you to [...]

While the active route page of fers the necessary functions for creating, monitoring and modifying the active route, the GPS 165’ s CDI page is used to provide turn antic- ipation, next desired track and waypoint arrival information to the pilot. During route navigation, the GPS 165’ s turn anticipation feature will smooth out the transition be[...]

As you approach a r oute waypoint, the GPS 165’ s external waypoint annunciator will flash 15 seconds before the turn anticipation point, and the GPS CDI will be r eplaced by a flashing ‘Next dtk xxxº’ prompt (see right). T o use the tur n anticipation feature, note the ‘Nxt dtk’ heading when the external waypoint annunciator begins to f[...]

Section 4 Appr oaches, SIDs and S T AR s The GPS 165’ s approach navigation mode allows you to fly non-precision approaches to airports with GPS and overlay pr ocedures using information contained on your Jeppesen NavData ® card. GPS appr oaches are similar to existing IFR approach pr ocedures, but provide additional course and distance informat[...]

The GPS 165 works in conjunction with a set of external switches and your HSI to fly GPS approaches. The external switches are used to contr ol GPS functions, and contain illuminated annunciators to indicate when functions are active. Y our installa- tion must also have annunciators for waypoint arrival and GPS messages. The GPS APPR switch is used[...]

When the aircraft is within 2 nm of the F AF along the inbound course to the final approach (see left), the ACTV annunciator will illuminate on the GPS APPR switch, and the GPS 165 will enter the active approach phase. The CDI will now scale down to the 0.3 nm sensitivity . If you wish to deactivate the appr oach during the active phase, simply rel[...]

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When an arrival airport is selected with the direct-to key (or created and activated in a route to the arrival airport), the appr oaches for your arrival airport become avail- able through the Appr oach Select page, which can be viewed by pressing R and rotating the outer knob. Remember that an airport must be the last waypoint in a route to select[...]

When the aircraft is within 30 nautical miles of the destination airport, the GPS 165 will display the ‘Arm approach mode’ (if the GPS APPR switch is not set to the ARM position) and ‘Need pres- press NA V’ messages. T o fly the GPS approach (without radar vectors): 1. Arm the GPS approach by setting/confirming the GPS APPR switch is in the[...]

c. Fly the procedure turn. After the procedure turn outbound, set the inbound course on the HSI. d. On the inbound intercept to the final course, fly to center the CDI. e. Set the GPS SEQ switch to the AUTO position. The GPS 165 will resume automatic waypoint sequencing for the remaining approach waypoints. 6. Once the aircraft is within 2 nm of th[...]

If you’re not authorized to fly direct-to the missed approach holding point: 1. Release the GPS SEQ switch from the ARM position to return the CDI scale to the 1 nm sensitivity . After the MAP has been crossed, press the D key . The GPS 165 will auto- matically display the first waypoint of the missed approach as the next approach waypoint. 2. Pr[...]

The GPS 165’ s approach select page allows you to review the available approach procedur es at the destination airport. From the procedur es list, you may select and activate a new procedur e on the fly . The active approach is indicated by an on-scr een asterisk, and the scrolling arr ow prompt indicates which direction to scr oll to view additi[...]

UNDERST ANDING GPS APPROACHES The GPS 165 is the first GPS certified to meet the requirements of TSO C-129 Category A1. When using the GPS 165 for non-precision approaches, you’ll encounter two types of approaches: overlay appr oaches (based on existing proce- dures) and GPS appr oaches (new approaches designed specifically for GPS). The F AA has[...]

Basic Rules of GPS Approaches (continued) • If you cr oss the same waypoint twice in succession during an approach, you must set the GPS SEQ switch to the HOLD position PRIOR to cr ossing the bisector of the course line at the fix the first time (no matter what the cross- track distance from the waypoint) to pr event the GPS from sequencing to th[...]

Basic Rules of GPS Approaches (continued) • If you are of f course to the MAP waypoint and use a dir ect-to to re-center the d-bar , the active approach mode will be cancelled. • SUA alerts are disabled when an appr oach is selected and armed, and the air- craft is less than 30 nm from the destination airport. SUA information is still available[...]

EXAMPLE 1— NEW GPS APPROACH Example 1 uses the GPS approach into Fr ederick Municipal Airport (KFDK) and illustrates the basic sequence of selecting and flying a GPS approach, and flying directly to a missed appr oach holding point. Please refer to the previous sections of this chapter for expanded keystroke instructions. 1. Select the destinatio[...]

EXAMPLE 2— VOR/GPS OVERLA Y Example 2 uses the VOR/GPS R WY 19 approach into Kansas City Downtown Airport (KMKC) from the south and illustrates an appr oach with a procedure turn, which requires the pilot to set the GPS SEQ switch to the HOLD position prior to crossing the IAF the first time. This example also illustrates the pr ocedures required[...]

EXAMPLE 3— VOR/DME ARC OVERLA Y Example 3 uses the VOR/DME R WY 21 approach into T opeka/Forbes Field Airport (KFOE) and illustrates an approach based on a DME ar c. Although DME ar c approaches ar e not based on a direct course, the GPS 165 will still provide appr oach navigation guidance through the ar c by constantly displaying your distance a[...]

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EXAMPLE 4— RADAR VECTORS TO FINAL APPROACH COURSE Example 4 uses the same VOR/DME R WY 21 approach into T opeka/Forbes Field Airport (KFOE) used in example 3 and illustrates an approach using radar vectors to a point 3 miles out from the final appr oach fix. T o fly a radar vector appr oach, you must still select a desired appr oach and IAF from [...]

The Jeppesen database used in the GPS 165 features Standar d T erminal Arrival Routes (ST ARs) and Standard Instrument Departures (SIDs) that may be placed into any active or stored r oute. A vailable SIDs may be selected at any time for the active route as long as the departure airport is the first r oute waypoint and the route contains more than [...]

The SID select page also allows you to review all the available SIDs for the departure airport and select, delete or change the active SID. T o replace the active SID with another SID: 1. Press R and rotate O until the SID Select page appears. 2. Press C and rotate O to select the desired new SID. Press E . T o delete the active SID: 1. Press R and[...]

T o delete a SID from the Route Catalog page... 1. Display the desired route on the Route Catalog page. 2. Select ‘sid?’ in the route action field and press E . 3. Rotate O to highlight the active SID (denoted by an asterisk). Press , then E . Standard T erminal Arrival Routes (ST ARs) used in the GPS 165 ar e selected and acti- vated with th[...]

The ST AR select page also allows you to review all available ST ARs for the destination air- port and select, delete or replace the active ST AR. T o replace the active ST AR: 1. Press R and rotate O until the ST AR select page appears. 2. Press C and use O to select a new ST AR. Press E . T o delete a ST AR: 1. Press R and rotate O until the ST A[...]

Section 5 Unit Settings Many of the GPS 165’ s navigation features can be customized to your own prefer- ences, allowing the pilot to choose how and when the unit displays certain informa- tion. The GPS 165 also provides extensive information on satellite tracking and signal strength to aid in monitoring performance and alerting you to pr oblems [...]

The GPS 165’ s satellite status page provides satellite information to monitor GPS coverage and receiver performance. This can be helpful when you may be experienc- ing a problem with low signal levels due to poor coverage or installation pr oblems. T o view the satellite status page: 1. Press S and rotate O until the satellite status page appear[...]

The receiver status field , located at the top left of the page, can display the fol- lowing messages under various conditions: Search sky - The GPS 165 is searching the sky for visible satellites. Y ou will be informed with the message ‘Searching the sky’. Acquiring - The GPS 165 is acquiring satellites for navigation. 2D Nav - The GPS 165 is [...]

The second and third lines of the satellite status page pr ovide the satellite number and signal strength of each satellite in view . Additional information regar ding each satellite’ s azimuth, elevation and other data is also available. T o view individual satellite information: 1. Press S and use O to display the satellite status page. 2. Pres[...]

The route settings page allows you to select between automatic and manual route sequencing and turn the automatic leg select feature on and of f. Automatic route sequencing changes the active leg of a route when the current leg is complete (you have reached the ‘active to’ waypoint). Automatic leg selection chooses the route leg closest to your[...]

Automatic leg selection chooses the r oute leg closest to your present position as the active leg. If you have selected the manual leg selection option, you can manually select any route leg as the active r oute leg by performing an ‘on-route’ direct-to. An on-route dir ect-to will provide direct course navigation to the selected waypoint and b[...]

The GPS 165’ s arrival alar m can be set to notify the pilot with a message when you have reached a user defined distance to a destination waypoint. Once you have reached the set distance (up to 99.9 units), an ‘Arrival at _____’ message will be displayed. T o set the arrival alarm distance: 1. Press S and use O to display the ‘Mag V ar/Arv[...]

The GPS 165 battery saver featur e can be programmed to automatically turn off the display when using battery power . This will increase the GPS 165’ s remote battery life in event of power failure. During this time, the GPS 165 will continue to navigate, track satellites and drive the external CDI/HSI, but not display information on the unit’ [...]

91 UNIT SETTINGS Units of Measure Units of measur e displayed in standard format. Units of measur e in metric format. The GPS 165 can be configured to display data in standar d or metric units of measure . These apply to: distance, position, speed, altitude, fuel, pressur e and temperature. T o change the units of measure: 1. Press S and rotate O t[...]

The Special Use Airspace settings page will allow you tur n the controlled/ restricted airspace message alerts on or of f. This will not affect the alerts being listed on the nearest page. It will simply turn off the warning when you are appr oaching or near an SUA. W arnings can be tur ned off for the following airspaces: class B / cta : ICAO cont[...]

The GPS 165 contains over 100 map datums for you to use when navigating. By default, your unit calculates positions using the WGS-84 map datum. If you are using charts based on another datum, you must set the GPS 165 to use the same datum. Using a map datum that does not match the sectionals you are using can result in sig- nificant differ ences in[...]

Appendix A NavData and UserD ata Installation and Oper ation NavData® and UserData Card installation and operation The NavData® card supplied with your GPS 165 can be installed or r emoved ONL Y when the GPS 165 is tur ned of f. Insert the card with the thumb tab at the top, and the beveled corner on the bottom right. The UserData card can be use[...]

T o restore user data fr om a UserData card to the GPS 165: 1. Install the UserData card. 2. T urn the GPS 165 on using B . 3. Use O O to highlight ‘Restore user data?’ and press E . The GPS 165 will ask you which type of data to replace. Y ou may choose check- lists, scheduler messages, user waypoints, proximity waypoints, r outes, waypoint co[...]

Appendix B Maint enance of the GPS 165 The GPS 165 is built to exacting standards and does not r equire user maintenance. Should the faceplate and lens require cleaning, use a soft cloth and non-abrasive cleaner . The user data is maintained by an inter nal battery with a pro- jected life of 3 to 5 years. If the GPS 165 detects a low memory battery[...]

Appendix C GPS 165 Messages and Abbr eviations The GPS 165 uses the Message Page to communicate impor tant information to you. Some messages are advisory in nature, others ar e warnings that may require your intervention. This appendix pr ovides a complete list of GPS 165 messages and their meanings. Altitude input fail - The altitude serializer in[...]

Auto leg seq slctd - The GPS 165 has reset the automatic leg sequencing option to the ON setting to permit approach navigation. Battery low - The remote battery pack is low on power . The batter y pack should be rechar ged for continued operation by reverting to aviation power . Battery rqrs service - A problem has been detected in the battery pack[...]

Data card failed - The GPS 165 has detected a pr oblem with the data card. The data is not usable and the card should be r etur ned to Jeppesen or an authorized GARMIN service center . Data card write fail - The user data card failed to program. The car d should be returned to an authorized GARMIN service center . Degraded accuracy - The GPS 165 ha[...]

Near SUA < 2 nm - Y our position is within 2 nautical miles of a Special Use Airspace and your current course will NOT take you inside. Need alt - press NA V - The GPS 165 needs altitude input in or der to start and/or continue 2D navigation. Press the NA V key and enter your antenna altitude on the Position page. The altitude you enter should b[...]

Poor GPS coverage - The GPS 165 cannot acquire suf ficient satellites necessary to provide navigation. Prox alarm-press NA V - Y our craft has penetrated the alarm cir cle of a proximity waypoint. Press N to see the bearing and distance to the proximity waypoint. Proximity overlap - The circles defined by two pr oximity waypoints overlap. When ente[...]

Receiver failed - The GPS 165 has detected a failure in the receiver har dware. If the message persists, the GPS 165 is unusable and should be taken to an authorized GARMIN service center . ROM failed - The GPS 165 has detected a failure in its permanent memory . If this message occurs, the unit is unusable and should be taken to an authorized GARM[...]

Steep turn ahead - This message appears approximately 90 seconds prior to a turn that requires a bank angle in excess of 25 degrees in order to stay on course. T urn anticipation will not be provided by the GPS 165. Stored data lost - Stored user data, including waypoints, r outes and satellite orbital data have been lost due to a low memory batter[...]

104 APPENDIX C Messages The following section provides a complete list of GPS 165 abbr eviations and their meanings. AL T - Altitude APP- Approach APR- Approach APT - Airport W aypoint AR V - Arrival A TF- Aer odrome T raffic Frequency A TS- Automatic T erminal Information Service (A TIS) A VGS- A viation gas AZM- Azimuth (bearing) BRG- Bearing CAS[...]

105 APPENDIX C Abbreviations JET A- Jet fuel - T ype A JET B- Jet fuel - T ype B KH- Kilometers Per Hour KM- Kilometers KT- Knots LB- Pounds LCL- Local LEN- Length LFOB - Leftover Fuel On Board LFLOW- Left fuel flow LOC- Localizer LT - Liters MAG V AR - Magnetic V ariation MB- Millibars Of Pressure MF- Mandatory Frequency MH- Statute Miles Per Hour[...]

106 APPENDIX C Abbreviations SGL- Signal SID- Standard Instrument Departure SLCT - Select SRFC- Surface ST AR- Standard T erminal Arrival Route STR- Steer T o T ACAN- T ACtical Air Navigational aid T AS- T rue Airspeed TAT - T otal Air T emperature TEMP- T emperature TMA- ICAO T erminal Contr ol Area TRK- T rack Angle TRN- T ransition TRN- T urn An[...]

107 APPENDIX D Specifications Appendix D Specifications PHYSICAL Size: 5.75”W x 5.25”D x 2.25”H (146mm x 133mm x 57mm) W eight: 24 ounces (0.96kg) POWER Input: 10-33V DC (aircraft power) Rechargeable battery pack (up to 90 minutes) 115V or 230V AC w/ optional adapter ENVIRONMENT AL T emperature: -4° F to 131° F (-20°C to 55°C) Operating -[...]

108 APPENDIX E Map Datums Appendix E Map Datums ADINDAN Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, Sudan AFGOOYE Somalia AIN EL ABD 1970 Bahrain Island, Saudi Arabia ANNA 1 ASTRO 1965 Cocos Island ARC 1950 Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Swaziland, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe ARC 1960 Kenya, T anzania ASCENSION IS 1958 Ascension Island ASTRO B4 SOROL A TOLL T ern Island ASTR[...]

109 APPENDIX E Map Datums MARCO ASTRO Salvage Island MASSA W A Eritrea (Ethiopia) MERCHICH Morocco MIDW AY ASTRO 1961 Midway MINNA Nigeria NAD27 ALASKA North American 1927- Alaska NAD27 BAHAMAS North American 1927- Bahamas (excluding San Salvador Island) NAD27 CANADA North American 1927- Canada and Newfoundland NAD27 CANAL ZONE North Am. 1927- Cana[...]

165 manual 7/13/98 4:00 PM Page 110[...]

111 APPENDIX F T roubleshooting Q & A Appendix F T r oubleshooting Q & A The GPS 165 is a precision navigation instrument that of fers a wide array of per- formance navigation features. The ‘Q & A ’ section is designed to answer some of the common questions regar ding the GPS 165’ s capabilities and operation. If you have a proble[...]

Why aren’ t there any approaches available for my r oute? Approaches ar e only available when the final route waypoint or direct-to destina- tion is an airport (some VOR/VOR T AC identifiers are similar to airport identifiers). If a destination airport does not have a GPS approach, the GPS 165 will display a ‘no procedur es in database’ messa[...]

What does the GPS APPR switch do? What is ‘ar ming’ an approach? The GPS APPR switch must be set to the ARM position for an approach to enter the active phase. It may be left in the ARM position to simplify approach operation. Its main function is to provide the pilot with a quick method of deactivating the appr oach and returning the CDI scale[...]

114 APPENDIX F T roubleshooting Q & A When should I switch from HOLD to AUTO, and what happens when I do? Once you are ready to r esume automatic waypoint sequencing, you must set the desired course on your HSI two seconds before changing the GPS SEQ switch to the AUTO position. This allows the the desired course to ‘settle’ prior to the GP[...]

When does turn anticipation begin, and what bank angle is expected? The GPS 165 will smooth adjacent leg transitions based upon a nominal 15º bank angle (with the ability to roll up to 25º) and pr ovide three pilot cues for turn anticipa- tion: 1) The waypoint annunciator will flash 15 seconds before the turn point and glow steadily 2 seconds pri[...]

What is the correct missed appr oach procedure? How do I select the missed approach holding point? T o comply with TSO specifications, the GPS 165 will not automatically sequence to the missed approach holding point. The first waypoint in the missed appr oach procedur e will be displayed as the next approach waypoint when the pilot performs a direc[...]

117 Appendix G Index A Accesory List iii Activating user waypoints 48-49 Activating a route 53 Activating a route in r everse 53 Active waypoints 48 Active Route page 57-59 Adding waypoints to a route 58 Airport information 26-31 Comment page 27,41 Communication page 27,30 Identification page 27 Position page 27,28 Procedur es page 27,29 Runway pag[...]

118 E Editing routes 52 Editing user waypoints 35-38 Enroute Safe Altitude (ESA) 11 EPE 84 Examples, approach 73-78 External switches/annunciators 60-61,63-65 F Flying the active route 57-61 Flying approaches 67-68 Flying missed approach 68-69,116 Forewor d i Fuel planning 14-15 Flight Service Stations (FSSs) 43 G GPS approach examples 73-78 GPS ov[...]

119 Routes 48-61 Activating 53 Active route page 57-59 Adding route waypoints 52 Cancelling the active route 52 Copying routes 53-54 Deleting route waypoints 52 Editing route waypoints 52 Route catalog page 50-51 Route Diagram 48 Runway surface 89 Runways 27-31 S Satellite acquisition 1-2 Satellite information 84-86 Scheduler 21 Scrolling arr ow pr[...]

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165 manual 7/13/98 4:00 PM Page 121[...]

© 1995 GARMIN International 9875 W idmer , Lenexa, KS 66215, USA GARMIN Europe/L TD Robert House, Station Approach Romsey , Hampshire, SO51 8DU UK Part No. 190-00066-00 Rev . B ® 165 manual 7/13/98 4:00 PM Page 122[...]