Garmin GPS-45XL manual

Owner’s Manual & Reference GPS 4 5 X L P ersonal Navigator TM ® GPS 45XL Manual C 8/4/98 3:05 PM Page 1[...]

Software Version 3.0 or above © 1996 GARMINCorporation 1200 E. 151st Street, Olathe, KS USA 66062 GARMIN (Europe) LTD Unit 5, The Quadrangle, Abbey Park Industrial Estate, Romsey, U.K. SO51 9AQ All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or manual, including photocopying and [...]

GPS 45XL P ersonal Navigator TM O WNER’S MANUAL Introduction Preface i W elcome to the smallest, easiest-to-use GPS navigator for marine use! The GPS 45XL represents GARMIN’s continuing commitment to provide mariners or boaters with quality navigation information in a versatile, accurate and user-friendly design you’ll enjoy for years to come[...]

C A U TION ii Introduction Cautions The GPS system is operated by the government of the United States, which is solely responsible for its accuracy and maintenance. The system is subject to changes which could affect the accuracy and performance of all GPS equipment. Although the GPS 45XL is a precision electronic NA Vigation AID (NAV AID), any NAV[...]

Introduction T able of Contents 1 SECTION ONE Introduction GPS Definitions/Navigation Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4 Initializing the Receiver/External & DGPS Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-8 SECTION TWO Getting Started Power On/Satellite Status Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[...]

2 Introduction GPS Definitions The GPS 45XL is a powerful navigation tool that can guide you anywher e in the world. To better understand its operation and capabilities, it may be helpful to review the basic terms and concepts briefly explained below . Other navigation and GPS definitions used in the manual are defined in the appropriate reference [...]

Introduction GPS Definitions 3 Grid Coordinate system that projects the earth on a flat surface, using square zones for position measurements. UTM/UPS and Maidenhead formats are grid systems. Ground Speed The velocity you are traveling relative to a ground position. Latitude The north/south measurement of position perpendicular to the earth’ s po[...]

4 Getting Started Navigation Basics The GPS 45XL provides steering guidance and naviga - tion information using degrees, a measurement measured in a clockwise direction from a north reference. North is described as 000º, east as 090º, south as 180º, and west as 270º. The diagram and compass rose below provide a graphic illustration of the navig[...]

Getting Started with your GPS W elcome to the exciting world of GARMINGPS! The GPS 45XL represents GARMIN’s continuing commitment to provide marine users with quality navigation information in a versatile, user-friendly design they will enjoy for years to come. To get the most out of your GPS receiver, be sure to r ead through the initialization [...]

Acquiring Satellite Signals Because the GPS 45XL relies on satellite signals to pr o - vide you with navigation guidance, the receiver needs to have an unobstructed, clear view of the sky for best perfor- mance. What exactly does this mean? In a nutshell, the GPS r eceiver’s view of the sky will generally determine how fast you get a position fix[...]

Once testing is complete, the welcome page will be r eplaced by the status page, with the EZ init prompt ready for you to select one of two initialization methods: • Select Country––allows you to initialize the receiver by selecting your present position from a list of coun- tries in the GPS 45XL ’ s internal database. This usually provides[...]

T o prevent accidental battery power loss, the GPS 45XL will automatically shut off 10 minutes after the last key- stroke if the unit is not tracking at least one satellite and has never acquired a position fix. If you have trouble initializing the receiver or getting a position fix, check the following: • Does the receiver have a clear view of t[...]

Getting-Started Tour Now that your GPS receiver has been initialized, it’ s time to take a tour through its basic features and functions. The tour assumes that you have initialized the receiver and have not changed any of the factory settings (units of mea- sure, selectable fields, etc.). If you have changed any of the default settings, the pictu[...]

The satellite sky view shows a bird’s-eye view of the position of each satellite relative to the unit’s last known position. The outer circle represents the horizon (north up); the inner circle 45º above the horizon; and the center point directly overhead. You can use the sky view to help deter - mine if any satellites are being blocked, and w[...]

Marking a Position Now that you’ve acquired a position, let’s mark it as a waypoint for future reference. 1. Press the M key to capture and hold your position. T o mark a position, you must have obtained a 2D or 3D fix, or have the receiver in simulator mode. If you try to mark a position without a position fix, you will be alerted with a ‘No[...]

Using the Position and Map Pages Now that you’ve marked a position, it’s time to take a brisk walk using the position and moving map pages to watch your every move. To get the most from this tutorial, you will need to walk for at least the time stated in the below steps. Since the GPS system has a margin of er ror of 15 meters, this will ensure[...]

Going To a Waypoint Once you’ve stored a waypoint in memor y , you can use the GPS 45XL to guide you to it by performing a simple GOTO. A GOTO is really nothing more than the receiver drawing a straight-line course from your present position to the destination you’ve selected. To see how it works, let’ s try navigating back to our starting po[...]

Using the Highway Page (continued) As you head toward your destination, the middle sec- tion of the screen provides visual guidance to your way- point on a moving graphic ‘highway’. The moving ar row just below the course deviation scale always points to your selected waypoint relative to the direction you are moving. Y our present position is [...]

Scrolling Through the Main Pages N ow t ha t y ou’ ve ar r ived ‘ HOM E’ , let’s take a minute to see how the GPS 45XL ’ s main pages work together . The GP S 4 5XL f e atu r es fiv e m a i n page s, whi ch a r e li nk ed t og et her in a cha in . Y ou can qu i ckly scr o l l th r ou gh th e pa g e s in eit her d i r e ct ion us ing t he [...]

Clearing the Track Log After you’ve used the GPS45XL for a few trips, you may find that your map display has become a bit messy from keeping track of your every move. To get a feel for how the menu page works, let’s clear the track log (the plot points left on the map page) we’ve just created during the Getting Started tour. 1. Press P or Q u[...]

Satellite Status Page The satellite status page displays the status of various r eceiver functions. The status information will help you understand what the GPS 45XL is doing at any given time, and tell you whether or not the receiver has calculated a position fix. Sky View and Signal Strength Bars The sky view and signal strength bars give you an [...]

Receiver Status and EPE Receiver status is indicated at the top left of the screen, with the cur rent horizontal accuracy (estimated position err or, in feet or meters) at the top right. The status will show one of the following conditions: Searching— the GPS 45XL is looking for any available satellites in view . AutoLocate TM — the GPS 45XL is[...]

Battery Level Indicator The satellite status page also features a battery level indicator, located below the status field to the left of the sky view, which provides a graphic display of the condition of the internal batteries. The battery level indicator is calibrated for alkaline batteries. Ni-Cad and lithium batteries will not accurately display[...]

Position Page The GPS 45XL ’ s position page shows you where you are, what direction you’re heading and how fast you are going (up to 99.9 mph), and is most useful when you are travel- ling without an active destination waypoint. A graphic com- pass tape at the top of the page displays your cardinal head - ing (while you’re moving), with your[...]

Marking and Saving Waypoints Knowing your present position is only part of any navi- gation equation. You also need to keep track of where you’ve been and where you are going. Waypoints serve as electronic markers that let you keep track of starting points, destinations, navaids and any other important position. The GPS 45XL allows you to mark, s[...]

W aypoint Submenus The GPS 45XL has three waypoint submenu pages that let you manage a large number of waypoints quickly and efficiently. The nearest waypoints, waypoint list and way- point definition pages are accessed through the menu page. T o select a waypoint submenu page: 1. Press P or Q until the menu page appears. 2. Use the U and D keys to[...]

W aypoint List Page The waypoint list page provides you with a complete list of all waypoints cur r ently stored in the GPS 45XL. The total number of used and empty waypoints is indicated above the waypoint list. From the waypoint list page, you can retrieve a waypoint definition page, delete all user - defined waypoints, or GOTO a selected waypoin[...]

W aypoint Definition Page The last of the three waypoint management pages is the waypoint definition page. This page lets you create new waypoints manually, or review and edit existing waypoints. T o create a new waypoint manually, you’ll need to know its position coordinates or its distance and bearing from an existing waypoint. T o create a way[...]

Reference Waypoints T o create a new waypoint manually without knowing its position coordinates, you’ll need to enter its bearing and distance from an existing waypoint. The GPS 45XL will then calculate the position coordinates for you. T o create a new waypoint by referencing a stored waypoint: 1. Press U until the ‘NEW?’ field is highlighte[...]

Editing Existing Waypoints The waypoint definition page also allows you to change the name, coordinates, comment or reference waypoint field for a stored waypoint.(Fields shown on page 24) T o edit the name, coordinates, comment, or reference waypoint field: 1. Use U and D to highlight the field you want to edit. 2. Press E to begin entry in the se[...]

T o rename a stored waypoint: 1. Highlight the ‘RENAME?’ field and press E . 2. Enter the new waypoint name and press E . 3. Press the E key to confirm your changes. T o delete a stored waypoint: 1. Highlight the ‘DELETE?’ field and press E . 2. Press the L key to select the ‘YES’ prompt. 3. Press E to delete the waypoint. Scanning Wayp[...]

Selecting a GOTO Destination The GPS 45XL provides four ways to navigate to a des- tination: GOTO, MOB, TracBack and route navigation. The most basic method of selecting a destination is the GOTO function, which lets you choose any stored waypoint as the destination and quickly sets a direct course from your pr e- sent position. T o activate the GO[...]

T racBack Navigation The third method of navigating to a destination is by using the GPS 45XL ’ s TracBack feature. The TracBack func - tion allows you to quickly and easily retrace your path using the track log automatically stored in the receiver’ s memory . The advantage of the TracBack feature is to elimi - nate the need to mark waypoints a[...]

T ips on Creating and Using the TracBack Featur e The GPS 45XL ’ s TracBack feature is designed to help you quickly create and activate a route that follows your path back to a user-defined starting point. To get the most out of the TracBack feature, remember the following tips: • Always clear your track log at the exact point that you want to [...]

Creating and Navigating Routes The last form of navigating to a destination with the GPS 45XL is by creating a user-defined route. The route navigation feature lets you plan and navigate a course from one place to another using a set of pre-defined waypoints. Routes are often used when it’s not practical, safe or possi- ble to navigate a direct c[...]

Route Definition Page The GPS 45XL lets you create and store up to 20 routes of 30 waypoints each. Routes are created, copied and edited through the route definition page, which is accessed through the menu page. T o select the route definition page: 1. Press P until the menu page appears. 2. Use the U and D keys to highlight the ‘ROUTES’ optio[...]

T o create a route from the route definition page: 1. Highlight the route number field and press E . 2. Enter a route number and press the E key to confirm. 3. Press E to begin entry of a route comment. (Note that the default [first and last waypoint] comment will only appear if the comment field is blank.) 4. Enter your comment and press the E key[...]

Clearing Routes (continued) The clear route warning will appear, asking you to con- firm that you want to remove all waypoints from the route. 1. Highlight the ‘Yes?’ field with the L key . 2. Press E to confirm your action. 3. Press P to return to the menu page. Activating and Inverting Routes After a route has been entered, it can be activate[...]

Active Route Page Once a route has been activated, the active route page will appear, displaying the waypoint sequence of your route with the estimated time enroute (ETE) at your present speed and distance to each waypoint. As long as you are navigating an active route, the active route page will become part of the main page sequence of the unit. T[...]

Editing Routes (continued) An on-screen menu of editing choices will appear, with options for reviewing, inserting, deleting or changing the waypoint field highlighted. Use the U and D arrow keys to select among the editing choices. Once you’ve selected a waypoint from the route list, choose a menu function: 1. T o review the definition page for [...]

Selecting a User-Defined Navigation Page Once you’ve selected a GOTO destination or activated a MOB or route, the GPS 45XL will provide graphic steering guidance to the destination with one of two navigation pages: • The highway page (the default navigation page) pr o - vides a graphic highway that shows your movement r elative to the desired c[...]

In this example, the high- way page indicates that you are off course to the right. Steer left to get back on course. Notice the emphasis of the highway page is on the desired course. If you get too far off course, a message box will appear to indicate what course to steer to get back on course most efficiently . Using the Highway Page The GPS 45XL[...]

Using the Compass Page The GPS 45XL ’ s compass page provides graphic steering guidance to a destination waypoint. The bearing (BRG) and distance (DST) to the waypoint are displayed at the top of the page, right below the destination waypoint field. The distance displayed is always the straight-line distance from your present position to the dest[...]

Moving Map Page The GPS 45XL features a powerful real-time moving map that can do much more than just plot your course and r oute. The map page also provides you with a target cursor that will let you pan ahead to nearby waypoints, determine the distance and bearing to any map position, and mark new waypoints while you navigate. The map page can be[...]

Zooming and Panning There are three main functions you can perform from the map page— zooming, pointing and panning. Each of these functions has its own ‘field’, which may be selected and activated for use. Whenever the map page first appears, the zoom field (at the top left) is always highlighted. The moving map has 12 map scales which are s[...]

T o GOTO a waypoint highlighted in the map field: 1. Press the G key . 2. Press the E key to confirm the GOTOwaypoint page. T o stop the panning function and display the present position diamond: 1. Press the Q key . Pointing at On-Screen Waypoints The last field on the map page is the map itself. From the zoom or pan fields, the cursor highlight m[...]

Using the Cursor to Mark and GOTO Waypoints During panning, the crosshair represents a target posi - tion right on the moving map, with the range and bearing to the target displayed at the top corners of the screen. You can also use the target crosshair to mark a new waypoint position or as a GOTO destination right from the map field. T o mark the [...]

Menu Page The GPS 45XL menu page provides access to submenu pages that are used to select and customize operation and navigation setup. The 11 submenus are divided into cate- gories by function. The waypoint and route management submenus are discussed in their own respective sections. W e’ll now address the rest of the submenus in the order they [...]

System Setup The first setup page is the system setup page, which is used to select the operating mode, time offset and screen preferences. The GPS 45XL has three operating modes: • Normal Mode operates the unit at maximum perfor- mance, and provides a battery of life up to 12 hours on alkaline batteries. • Battery Saver Mode is suitable for mo[...]

Time Format The time display shown on the system setup and posi- tion pages may be set to display the time in a 12-or 24- hour format. T o select the time format: 1. Highlight the ‘HOURS’ field and press the E key . 2. Select 12-or 24-hour display, and press E to confirm. Screen Contrast The GPS 45XL features adjustable screen contrast and is c[...]

Navigation Setup The navigation setup page is used to select units of measurement for position format, map datum, CDI scale, and distance, speed and heading information. Position Formats The default position setting for the GPS 45XL is latitude and longitude in degrees and minutes (hdddºmm.mmm’). Y ou may also select degrees, minutes and seconds[...]

Units of Measur e The GPS 45XL lets you select nautical (default), statute or metric units of measure for all speed and distance fields. T o change the unit of measure: 1. Highlight the ‘units’ field and press the E key . 2. Use U and D to select the desired unit of measure. 3. Press the E key to confirm the selection. Magnetic Heading Referenc[...]

Selecting Displayed Items on the Map Page The rest of the map setup page lets you specify what items are displayed or plotted on the map page. The first four plot items may be turned on or off by selecting ‘yes’ or ‘no’ in the appropriate field: • The ‘rings’ selection will display the three present position range rings on the map. ?[...]

T rack Log Setup (continued) T o turn the track log on or off: 1. Highlight the ‘RECORD’ field and press E . 2. Select ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ and press E . NOTE: Turning the track recording off will disable the TracBack feature. T rack Criteria The stored track criteria determines how often positions are stored in the track log. The default sett[...]

Interface Setup The interface setup page lets you specify the interfacing formats for connecting external devices. There are five interface options: GRMN/GRMN, None/None, None/NMEA, RTCM/None, and RTCM/NMEA. Each option lists the input format first, followed by the output format. T o select I/O format: 1. Highlight the I/O field and press E . 2. Us[...]

DGPS Interface (continued) The RTCM/NMEA selection controls the GARMIN GBR- 21 differential beacon receiver. Once a RTCM setting has been selected, the GPS 45XL will either automatically try to tune the last frequency and bit rate you selected or will switch to the default frequency of 304.0 kHz with a bit rate of 100 bps if no previous beacon has [...]

Navigation Simulator The GPS 45XL ’ s simulator mode lets you practice all aspects of its operation without active satellite acquisition. Y ou can also plan and practice trips, enter new waypoints and routes, and save them for use during normal operation. The simulator is activated from the system setup page, with speed and heading controlled fro[...]

Active WPT Can’t be Deleted— Y ou have attempted to change the ‘active to’ or ‘active from’ waypoint. Clear the active route or GOTO before making your changes. Accuracy has been Degraded— The accuracy of the GPS 45XL has been degraded beyond 500 meters due to poor satellite geometry or data quality. You should check other navigation [...]

Introduction Preface 55 Appendix A Messages & T ime Offsets Route Waypoint was Deleted— A route waypoint entered does not exist in the data- base and has been deleted from the route. RTCM Input has Failed— DGPS data being received has been lost. You are no longer receiving the beacon signal. Searching the Sky— The GPS 45XL is in searching[...]

56 Introduction Preface Appendix B Map Datums Adindan Adindan- Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, Sudan Afgooye Afgooye- Somalia AINELABD ‘70 AIN ELANBD 1970- Bahrain Island, Saudi Arabia Anna 1 Ast ‘65 Anna 1 Astro ‘65- Cocos Isl. ARC 1950 ARC 1950- Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Swaziland, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe ARC 1960 ARC 1960- Kenya, Tanzania Ascnsn[...]

Introduction Preface 57 Massawa Massawa- Eritrea (Ethiopia) Merchich Merchich- Morocco Midway Ast ‘61 Midway Astro ‘61- Midway Minna Minna- Nigeria NAD27 Alaska North American 1927- Alaska NAD27 Bahamas North American 1927- Bahamas (excluding San Salvador Island) NAD27 Canada North American 1927- Canada and Newfoundland NAD27 Canal Zone North A[...]

58 Introduction Preface Appendix C Specifications & Wiring The GPS 45XL is constructed of high quality materials and should not require user maintenance. Should your unit ever need r epair, please take it to an authorized GARMIN service center. The GPS45XL has no user-serviceable parts. Never attempt any repairs yourself. To protect your GPS 45[...]

.Three optional cables are available to connect the GPS45XL to an external power source or interface with another unit or PC: • Cigarette Lighter Adapter— Allows connection to a 12- volt DC cigarette lighter plug. • Data Cross-Load Cable— Allows data transfer between GPS 38/40/45/45XL units. • PC Kit Data Cable— PC interface cable with [...]

60 Introduction Preface Appendix D Accessories D ESCRIPTION P ART # P RICE Q TY E XT . P RICE Swivel Mount Bracket 010-10048-00 $45.00 Remote Marine Antenna 010-10052-00 $160.00 Cig. Lighter Adapter 010-10085-00 $25.00 Data Transfer Cable 320-00040-00 $37.00 Owner’s Manual 190-00070-00 $15.00 Quick Reference Car d 190-00070-01 $4.50 PC Kit w/ cab[...]

61 A Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 Active Waypoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Active Route Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 Acquiring Satellite Signals . . . . . . . . . 6 Altitude Entr y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 AutoLocate TM Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Automatic Shutoff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Aux[...]

62 Introduction Preface N Navigation Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Navigation Pages . . . . . . . . . . . .37-39 Navigation Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 Navigation Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 Nearest Waypoint Page . . . . . . . . . .22 NMEA Selection . . . . . . . . . . . .51-52 NMEA Output Formats . . . . . . . . . .61 No[...]

G ARMIN LIMITED W ARRANTY GARMIN warrants this product to be free from defects in materials and work- manship for one year from the date of purchase. GARMIN International, Inc. will at its sole option, repair or replace any components which fail in normal use. Such r epairs or replacement will be made at no charge to the customer for parts or labor[...]

© 1996 GARMINCorporation 1200 E. 151st Street, Olathe, KS USA 66062 GARMIN (Europe) LTD - Unit 5, The Quadrangle, Abbey Park Industrial Estate, Romsey, UK SO51 9AQ Part Number 190-00123-00 Rev. C ® GPS 45XL Manual C 8/4/98 3:08 PM Page 64[...]