Garmin GPS 95 XL manual

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GPS 95 XL Personal Navigator TM OWNER'S MANUAL[...]

© 1994 GARMIN, 9875 Widmer Road, Lenexa, KS 66215, USA Printed in Taiwan. All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, for any purpose without the express written permission of GARMIN. Information in this document is subject[...]

i PREFACE GARMIN thanks you for selecting our high performance, full featured Personal Navigator TM . The GPS 95 represents our continued commitment to provide you with a portable navigation unit that is versatile, extremely accurate, and easy to use. We are confident you will enjoy using your unit for many years to come. The GPS 95's rugged c[...]

ii CAUTION The GPS system is operated by the government of the United States which is solely responsible for its accuracy and maintenance. The system is under development and is subject to changes which could affect the accuracy and performance of all GPS equipment. Although the GPS 95 is a precision electronic NAVigation AID (NAVAID), any NAVAID c[...]

iii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE 1 INTRODUCING THE GARMIN GPS 95 1-1 1.1 Capabilities 1-1 1.2 Aviation Database 1-2 1.3 Basic Package 1-3 1.4 Optional Accessories 1-5 1.5 Operational Mode 1-6 2 GETTING STARTED 2-1 2.1 Front Panel 2-1 2.2 Softkey Operation 2-1 2.3 Cursor and Fields 2-2 2.4 Keypad Operation 2-2 2.5 Entering Data 2-4 2.6 Viewing Mes[...]

iv 4 GETTING THERE FAST - GOTO 4-1 5 NAVIGATION INFORMATION 5-1 5.1 Navigation Summary Page 5-1 5.2 Map Display 5-3 5.3 Map Configuration 5-5 5.4 Present Position 5-6 5.5 Sample Trip 5-7 6 ROUTES 6-1 6.1 Route Definition 6-2 6.2 Creating and Copying Routes 6-3 6.3 Activating and Inverting Routes 6-4 6.4 Editing Routes 6-4 6.5 Deleting Routes 6-5 6.[...]

v 8.15 Density Altitude / True Airspeed / Winds Aloft 8-17 8.16 Trip and Fuel Planning 8-18 8.17 Date/Time Settings 8-20 8.18 Sunrise/Sunset Planning 8-21 8.19 Vertical Navigation Planning 8-22 9 SAMPLE TRIP USING ROUTES 9-1 10 SUA FEATURES EXPLAINED! 10-1 10.1 Flying Toward and Entering an SUA 10-1 10.2 Flying Near an SUA's Boundary 10-3 10.3[...]

1-1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCING THE GARMIN GPS 95 1.1 CAPABILITIES The GPS 95 provides a host of powerful capabilities which were previously found only in much larger systems: · Performance: MultiTrac TM receiver tracks and uses up to eight satellites with high sensitivity, fast first fix, and continuous navigation updates. · Portability: Goes anywhere[...]

1-2 · Alarms: An alarm clock and timer allow the GPS 95 to watch the clock for you. Arrival, CDI and special-use/controlled airspace alerts help you safely navigate your aircraft. · Interfaces: Interface with PC-based moving map programs using NMEA 0183 output, with Differential GPS (DGPS) beacon receivers using RTCM (SC-104 version 2.0) input, o[...]

1-3 International Database covers Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia and Greenland. (Hawaii is contained within both database versions.) Updates for the GPS 95 database, available every 28 days, may be purchased from GARMIN on a one-time basis or by subscription service. When ordering your first update, a cable is also required for connection to a PC-[...]

1-4 In order to track GPS satellites, the unit must be situated with the antenna pointed straight up and should not be blocked by objects or people. (Signal reception through thin fabric, such as canvas, may be adequate but degraded). When using the GPS 95 inside the cockpit it may be desirable to use the remote antenna cable for better satellite v[...]

1-5 1.4 OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES The following optional accessories are available for your specific needs: · Rechargeable NiCad Battery Kit · PC Database Update Kit · PCX5AVD Software Kit Rechargeable NiCad Battery Kit: A rechargeable NiCad battery kit is available for use with the GPS 95. This kit includes a rechargeable NiCad battery, an AC adapto[...]

1-6 1.5 OPERATIONAL MODES While using your GPS 95, you may select from one of four operational modes: Normal or Battery Saver modes for actual navigation, Simulator mode for practicing/trip planning, or AutoLocate™ mode to determine your new position when travelling several hundred miles between uses. In Normal and Battery Saver modes, typical ti[...]

2-1 CHAPTER 2 GETTING STARTED 2.1 FRONT PANEL The front panel consists of a 20-key keypad with a 85 x 64-pixel LCD display. Both the display and keypad may be illuminated for nighttime operation. 2.2 SOFTKEY OPERATION Information displayed on the LCD is referred to as a “page.” The GPS 95 works with “softkey” operation. At the bottom of the[...]

2-2 2.3 CURSOR AND FIELDS The area of the page which is highlighted in reverse video is called the cursor . The cursor may be moved to locations on the page called fields which allow you to enter data or change options. You will encounter five types of fields. · Numeric fields accept numbers only. · Alphanumeric fields accept numbers as well as l[...]

2-3 W P T S U A GO TO Pressing GOTO allows you to instantly define a destination waypoint and plot a course from present position to that destination. (See Chapter 4.) Pressing AUTOSTOre allows you to capture your present position instantaneously. (See Chapter 7.) Pressing NAV allows you to view position and navigation information as well as the Ma[...]

2-4 2.5 ENTERING DATA You may enter data such as waypoint identifiers and user waypoint coordinates on certain pages. To enter data you must first move the cursor to the desired field by pressing the right or left arrow key. A data entry operation is completed by pressing the ENT key. If an error is made during the data entry process, press the CLR[...]

2-5 2.6 VIEWING MESSAGES From time to time, the GPS 95 will use a message to tell you of conditions needing attention. When the GPS 95 has a new message, the MSG annunciator will flash. When this occurs, press PWR/STAT to view the new message(s). Press PWR/STAT again to see the page you were viewing prior to reading the message. (See Appendix A for[...]

2-6 Following completion of the tests, the Database Page will display the effective date, cycle and expiration date of the database. The GPS 95 will still function with an expired database; however, you must exercise extreme caution and always verify that the database information is correct before use. (WARNING: The accuracy of the data is assured [...]

2-7 When four or more satellites with good geometry are available, the GPS 95 will automatically operate in the 3D mode in which latitude, longitude and altitude are computed. If only three satellites are available, the unit will operate in 2D mode in which only latitude and longitude are computed. When operating in the 2D mode, the unit will use t[...]

2-8 2.9 LEARNING TO USE THE GPS 95 If you are using the GPS 95 for the first time, you are encouraged to read Chapter 3 which introduces the GPS 95's waypoint, airspace and database features, Chapter 4 on the use of the GOTO key, and Chapter 5 for navigating to a waypoint. A sample trip is included in Chapter 5 to get you started on the use of[...]

3-1 CHAPTER 3 WAYPOINTS AND AIRSPACES The GPS 95 features a Jeppesen database providing Americas or International navigation information. (Refer to Section 1.2 for a specific description of information provided in the database.) The database contains information about waypoints and airspaces. A basic waypoint consists of an identifier (up to six le[...]

3-2 3.1 WAYPOINT CATEGORIES The GPS 95 organizes waypoints into one of five different categories: airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections and user waypoints. This organization is much like that of a file cabinet in which each drawer represents a different type of information. For example, the airport drawer contains information on airport locations, co[...]

3-3 3.2 AIRPORT INFORMATION The GPS 95 features extensive information on airports: · Identifier, facility name, city and state · Position and elevation · Fuel Services · Communication frequencies · Runway information with graphic configuration The airport information pages may be displayed from the Waypoint Definition Page. You may select the [...]

3-4 · Press the right arrow key to move the cursor to the right of “APT”. · Enter the identifier of the desired airport using the alphanumeric and arrow keys. Press ENT. (Note: The airport identifiers in the GPS 95 database follow the standards set by the International Civil Aviation Organization [ICAO].) · With “APT” selected, a second [...]

3-5 Airport Communication Information The airport communication information includes identifier (selectable), ATIS, ground, tower and unicom (or multicom) frequencies for the selected airport. Up to five communication frequencies may be displayed at a time. Additional frequencies may be viewed by scrolling. To scroll through available frequencies..[...]

3-6 4) Runway surface · hard - Hard (asphalt, concrete, etc.) · turf - Turf (grass) · sealed - Sealed surface · gravel - Gravel surface · dirt - Dirt surface · soft - Unknown soft surface · unkwn - Unknown surface · water - Water landing site 5) Lighting · no lights - No runway lighting is available · pc lights - Pilot controlled lighting[...]

3-7 5 4 1 The GPS 95 also features considerable information on VORs: 1) Identifier (selectable) 2) Facility name 3) City/state 4) Frequency 5) DME indication, if applicable, for co-located DME or TACAN 6) Location (latitude/longitude or grid system) You may select the desired VOR by its two-to-three-character identifier, facility name or city/state[...]

3-8 The GPS 95 displays the following information on NDBs: 1) Identifier (selectable) 2) Facility name 3) City/state 4) Frequency 5) Location (latitude/longitude or grid system) You may select an NDB by its one-to-three-character identifier, facility name or city/state. (See Section 3.10 for information on selecting NDBs by facility name or city/st[...]

3-9 Intersections are only selected by identifier. Once an intersection is selected, the identifier of, bearing from, and distance from the nearest VOR will be displayed. (NOTE: The VOR is simply the nearest facility and is not necessarily the VOR used to define the intersection.) To select an Intersection... · Press WPT/SUA and, if needed, the WP[...]

3-10 User waypoints are only selected by the identifier that you assign. To select a user waypoint... · Press WPT/SUA and, if needed, the WPT softkey to display the Waypoint Definition Page. · If “USR”, for user waypoint, is not currently displayed in the upper left corner: press the right arrow key to place the cursor on the cyclic field, th[...]

3-11 · Enter the identifier of the new waypoint using the alphanumeric and arrow keys. Press ENT when complete. The cursor will move to the position coordinates. · Enter the position of the new waypoint. Press ENT after data is entered into each field. The number of fields required for position entry will depend on the position coordinate option [...]

3-12 Once the waypoint location is created, the user comment field will automatically be filled with the date and time the waypoint was created. You may enter a different user comment by placing the cursor over this field and entering the new comment with the alphanumeric and arrow keys, followed by ENT when complete. You may also modify the positi[...]

3-13 NOTE: If you attempt to delete a GOTO or route waypoint, a message will be displayed. You must cancel the GOTO or delete the route before you can delete the waypoint. (See Chapter 4 and Section 6.5.) The Waypoint List Page also gives you the option of deleting all user waypoints at one time. To delete all user waypoints... · Select the Waypoi[...]

3-14 The waypoint identifier and number of duplicates are displayed on the first line of the Duplicate Waypoint Page. On the following lines, the waypoint type and region for each duplicate waypoint is displayed, sorted by distance from present position. From this list you may select the desired waypoint by placing the cursor on the desired waypoin[...]

3-15 · Press WPT/SUA to begin scanning. · Press the right arrow key to sequence through the available waypoints. If you pass the desired waypoint, you may press the left arrow key to scan backwards through the list. · Once the desired waypoint is selected, press ENT to accept the waypoint and complete the scan. The GPS 95 will revert to the page[...]

3-16 · Select the desired waypoint category (airport, VOR or NDB only) by pressing CLR (repeatedly). · Press the right arrow key twice to place the cursor on the facility name. · Enter the starting letter, or letters, of the facility name. You may limit the scan to the desired level by designating the number of starting letters (as described pre[...]

3-17 · If the waypoint is an airport, a second cyclic field will appear in the upper right corner of the page. You may select between location (Locn), communication (Comm) or runway (Rnwy) information by highlighting this cyclic field and pressing CLR until the desired information is displayed. · With the cursor over “OK?”, press ENT to exit [...]

3-18 The nearest waypoint feature can be used in conjunction with the GOTO key to provide instantaneous navigation information to a nearby waypoint. Simply place the cursor over the desired nearest waypoint identifier and press GOTO, followed by ENT. The GPS 95 will immediately plot a course from your present position to the nearby waypoint. (See C[...]

3-19 You may view additional information for each SUA / controlled airspace for which a message is provided by utilizing the SUA Page. The SUA page lists any SUA you are within, near or that lies ahead (less than ten minutes away). For SUAs that lie ahead of you, the estimated time en route (ETE) before entry may also be displayed. Additional infor[...]

4-1 CHAPTER 4 GETTING THERE FAST - GOTO The GOTO function allows you to quickly set a course from your position to any waypoint. To activate the GOTO function... · Press GOTO. The GOTO Page will be displayed with the cursor on the GOTO waypoint field. If the GPS 95 is currently navigating to a waypoint, that waypoint will be offered as the default[...]

4-2 You may cancel the GOTO function at any time. To cancel the GOTO function... · Press GOTO. The GOTO Page will be displayed. · Press CLR. The GOTO waypoint name will become blank. · Press ENT. The GPS 95 will start to navigate using the active route, if it has been programmed. (See Chapter 6.) Otherwise, the GPS 95 will stop computing waypoin[...]

5-1 CHAPTER 5 NAVIGATION INFORMATION The GPS 95 features four navigation pages. You may select the desired page by pressing NAV and, if needed, the appropriate softkey. 5.1 NAVIGATION SUMMARY PAGE Present Position Page Navigation Summary Page Map Display Map Configuration Page Field #3 CDI Field #4 Field #2 GOTO or Active Leg Field #1 Relative Bear[...]

5-2 The Navigation Summary Page displays direction, distance and speed information to guide you along a route or to a GOTO destination. Included is a graphic course deviation indicator (CDI), at the bottom of the page, which illustrates your position relative to the course. The current CDI scale setting is shown at each end of the CDI scale. (See S[...]

5-3 Notice that the Navigation Summary Page has four cyclic fields. With these cyclic fields you may configure your GPS 95 to display navigation information according to your preferences. (See Appendix B for a description of navigation terms.) The field options are as follows: Field #1 (top left) · Bearing to destination waypoint (BRG) · Course t[...]

5-4 The GPS 95 also features a Map Display which shows a graphic top view of your location. The current ground speed is indicated at the top right corner of the display. The top left corner defines the orientation of the Map Display: “North up”, “Track up”, or “Desired track up.” If “000” is shown, the Map Display is oriented “Nor[...]

5-5 5.3 MAP CONFIGURATION The Map Configuration Page allows you to tailor the GPS 95’s Map Display to your preferences. As previously stated, the Map Display can show airports, NAVAIDs, user waypoints, airspace boundaries, the active route, your track history and/or waypoint identifiers. Any of these items may be turned on or off according to you[...]

5-6 An auto zoom feature is provided for automatic scaling of the Map Display. With this feature on, the scale setting will automatically adjust as you approach your destination. Starting at 80 nautical miles during en route flight, the Map Display will zoom in progressively, stopping at a one nautical mile scale as you arrive at your destination. [...]

5-7 When the GPS 95 is performing 2D navigation, the last known altitude will be used to calculate a present position. If the altitude is not accurate within a few hundred feet you should manually enter your altitude. To enter the altitude (2D only)... · Use the arrow keys to place the cursor to the right of “Altitude”. · Enter the correct al[...]

5-8 Since this is a simulated trip, you will select the simulator mode and indicate a starting location for the trip. Your simulated trip will begin at an intersection called LENEX in Lenexa, Kansas. (NOTE: This sample trip assumes that the Americas database is used. If you are using the International database follow the general steps outlined in t[...]

5-9 The Operating Mode Page is displayed showing the current operational mode. Place the cursor on the operational mode field using the right arrow key. Press CLR until “Simulator?” is selected. Press ENT to accept simulator mode. The cursor is now on the reference waypoint identifier. The intersection, LENEX, will be entered here using the alp[...]

5-10 The cursor is over the reference bearing. Since the simulation will begin at LENEX you do not need to define a reference bearing from this point. Press ENT. The cursor is over the reference distance with zero shown. Press ENT. The initial position is now set at the LENEX intersection. You can view your position coordinates by pressing NAV and [...]

5-11 Press the “4” key to select the letter “K”. Press the “1” key followed by the right arrow key to select the letter “C”. Continue pressing the desired alphanumeric keys and, if needed, the arrow keys to enter the KCOU airport identifier. Press ENT when complete. The Navigation Summary Page is displayed showing naviation informat[...]

5-12 Additional information is available from the Navigation Summary Page. You may recall from Section 5.1 that this information is viewed by highlighting one of the four cyclic fields and pressing CLR. Let's take a look at one of those fields now. To view additional navigation information... Press the left arrow key twice to place the cursor [...]

5-13 The GPS 95's Map Display is also useful to help “orient” yourself. The Map Display can show area airports, NAVAIDS, and intersections as points of reference. To view the Map Display... Press NAV and the MAP softkey. The Map Display is shown indicating your position at the center of the screen and nearby waypoints. (Section 5.3 covers [...]

6-1 CHAPTER 6 ROUTES The GPS 95 offers a route navigation feature for you to navigate along a pre- defined sequence of waypoints. The GPS 95 route capability allows you to create and store twenty routes, numbered 0 through 19, containing up to 30 waypoints each. Routes 1 to 19, the storage routes, can be activated to travel either in the order you [...]

6-2 There are 3 route pages. You may select the desired page by pressing RTE and, if needed, the appropriate softkey. 6.1 ROUTE DEFINITION The Route Definition page allows you to create, change, review, copy, and activate routes. Remember that route 0 is always the active route. If you create a route in route 0, you should copy it into an empty sto[...]

6-3 On the route number field, you may choose between routes 0 through 19 with CLR. Next to this is a route action field which allows you to activate the route, clear the route, copy the route to another location, or invert the order of the waypoints in a route and activate it. The arrow keys allow you to scroll through the list of waypoints in a r[...]

6-4 6.3 ACTIVATING AND INVERTING ROUTES Routes are also activated on the Route Definition Page. You may activate any route in the displayed order, or in reverse order. (NOTE: Remember, when a new route is activated, the previous contents of route 0 will be overwritten. If you wish to save route 0, be sure to copy it to an empty route first.) To act[...]

6-5 · To insert a waypoint into the route: highlight the waypoint you want to place the new waypoint in front of, type in the new waypoint name and press ENT. The new waypoint is added to the route. · To delete a waypoint from the route: highlight the waypoint you wish to delete, press CLR and ENT. · If you attempt to add a waypoint to a route t[...]

6-6 The waypoint list displays route waypoints starting with the “active to” waypoint. For each waypoint, additional information is available. The first column displays Distance (DIS). The second column is a cyclic field that displays Estimated Time Enroute (ETE, in hours/minutes or minutes/seconds, as appropriate), Estimated Time of Arrival (E[...]

7-1 CHAPTER 7 AUTOSTORE TM The AutoStore function allows you to capture your position at the touch of a button for future reference. This function saves your current position as a waypoint. Additionally, you may record your navigation path by inserting the captured waypoints directly into a route. The AutoStore Page displays the waypoint identifier[...]

7-2 You may capture and save your position as a waypoint, without adding it to a route, by leaving the route storage number field blank. To capture present position ... · Press AUTOSTO. The pre-assigned waypoint identifier and captured position are displayed. (NOTE: The AutoStore location is captured as soon as you press AUTOSTO. This allows you a[...]

7-3 · From the starting location, press AUTOSTO to capture the position. (NOTE: The unit must be in 2D or 3D navigation mode when capturing your starting position. If the unit is still acquiring satellites, and you press AUTOSTO, the last known position will be captured and saved.) · If you wish to assign a different identifier to the waypoint: m[...]

8-1 CHAPTER 8 GPS STATUS AND MENU PAGES The GPS 95 contains a vast array of functions, many of which you may custom tailor to your preferences. Additionally, the unit can provide current status information regarding the satellites being received and display messages relevant to your current operations. You may select the desired page by pressing PW[...]

8-2 8.1 BAR GRAPH PAGE The GPS 95 continually monitors the status of the satellites it tracks and shows that information graphically on a Bar Graph Page. Satellite numbers (1- 32) are represented along the bottom of the graph; signal strength (1 to 9, weakest to strongest) is represented along the side. Once a satellite is received, a bar is displa[...]

8-3 “Not Usable” The GPS 95 is unusable (possibly due to incorrect initialization data or abnormal satellite conditions). Turn the unit off and back on. When operating with an RTCM input selected, the Bar Graph Display will denote each satellite for which differential corrections are available with a “D” at the bottom of the bar. (See Secti[...]

8-4 8.3 SATELLITE SKYVIEW PAGE The Satellite Skyview Page shows the azimuth and elevation of each visible satellite in a graphic sky view format. Additionally, DOP and EPE values are shown on the right hand side of the page. The display is always oriented “north up” and is useful in determining whether a satellite signal is being blocked by par[...]

8-5 Once an item is selected PREV, MENU, and NEXT page options will be displayed. The softkeys allow changing to the previous (PREV) and next (NEXT) pages for that category. The MENU softkey takes you back to the sub-menu page. (HINT: The PREV and NEXT softkeys will only select the pages within that category. To change between categories you must r[...]

8-6 The Operating Mode/Nearest Airport Search Page also allows you to select the characteristics of the GPS 95's nearest airport function. Pilots of large, high-performance aircraft may direct the nearest airport function to ignore those airports at which it would be difficult, if not impossible, to land their aircraft. You may set the minimum[...]

8-7 Select the desired distance, speed and altitude units by highlighting the “NAV” field and pressing CLR. You may choose between nautical (nautical miles/knots/feet), statute ( miles/miles per hour/feet), or metric (kilometers/ kilometers per hour/meters) units. (NOTE: The NAV units setting also defines the pressure, temperature and vertical [...]

8-8 To change the pre-defined datum... · Highlight the “Change?” field and press ENT. · With the arrow keys, find the desired datum and highlight it. · Press ENT. The new datum is selected. The user-defined datum option allows you to custom-tailor a datum reference from which all position coordinates are calculated. All entries are defined a[...]

8-9 To turn audio tones on/off... · Highlight the tone option field. · Press CLR to select the desired option. You may also adjust the contrast of the GPS 95 display to your preferences. To change the display contrast... · Highlight “Change Contrast?” and press ENT. · The contrast bar is highlighted. Press the left or right arrow key to cha[...]

8-10 needed, it may be cleared by highlighting “Clear Track Log?” and pressing ENT. If the “fill” option is selected, a “memory full” message will be displayed when all available memory has been used and you must clear the track log to store additional track information. The ground track is stored at a frequency that you define either b[...]

8-11 8.10 SUA ALARMS (ALARMS) From the SUA Alarms Page you may define which types of special-use / controlled airspaces you wish to be alerted of. Selections are provided for Class B / CTA, Class C / TMA, Restricted, MOA and Other airspaces. “Other” airspaces include Alert, Caution, Danger, Training and Warning areas. NOTE: The GPS 95 always pr[...]

8-12 8.11 ARRIVAL ALARM / CDI SETUP (ALARMS) From the Arrival/CDI Page, you may define three alarms (and turn them on or off) and configure the graphic CDI to your preference. Alarms are available for course deviation, arrival at a destination waypoint, and an alarm clock. The CDI alarm will notify you with an alarm tone and the message “CDI Alar[...]

8-13 The GPS 95 also features an alarm clock which can provide an alarm tone and the message “Alarm Clock” at a time that you specify. To set the alarm clock... · Highlight the alarm clock time and enter the desired alarm time. NOTE: The alarm time may be either UTC or local time depending on the setting on the Date/Time Page. (See Section 8.1[...]

8-14 8.12 INPUT/OUTPUT SETUP (INTERFACES) From the Input/Output Page, you may select the input and/or output format needed to connect your GPS 95 to other equipment: PC, NMEA device, etc. You may select no input/output (NONE/NONE), GARMIN input/output (GARMIN/GARMIN), NMEA output (NONE/NMEA), RTCM input/NMEA output (RTCM/NMEA) or RTCM input (RTCM/N[...]

8-15 To select GARMIN input/output... · Place the cursor on the input/output format field. · Press CLR until the GARMIN input/output option is selected. · Press the right arrow key. · Select “HOST”, “REQUEST”, or “SEND” by pressing CLR. (NOTE: You should select the “HOST” option when using the GPS 95 with a PC. When exchanging d[...]

8-16 8.13 BEACON RECEIVER SETUP (INTERFACES) The Beacon Receiver Setup Page allows the GPS 95 to control GARMIN's GBR 21 differential beacon receiver. In order to use the beacon receiver, the “RTCM/NMEA” and “NMEA 0183” settings must be selected. If these interface settings are not selected, the GPS 95 will only display the message “[...]

8-17 8.14 MESSAGES You may recall from Section 2.6 that some messages will remain on the Message Page after being viewed. When this occurs, the “MSG” annunciator remains on (but does not flash) in the lower left corner. To view these messages, select “Messages” from the Main Menu. (See Appendix A for a description of available messages.) 8.[...]

8-18 To calculate density altitude and true airspeed... · Place the cursor on the indicated altitude (IAlt) field. · Enter the indicated altitude from your altimeter and press ENT. · Enter your calibrated airspeed (CAS) and press ENT. If you do not know your calibrated airspeed, use indicated airspeed instead. · Enter your current altimeter set[...]

8-19 The final step is to enter speed and fuel flow rates. The GPS 95 will then calculate the desired track (DTK), fuel requirements (REQ), distance (DIS), and estimated time enroute (ETE). To perform a trip and fuel plan, waypoint to waypoint... · Highlight the first cyclic field (top left), and press CLR to select “WPTS:”. · Highlight the w[...]

8-20 8.17 DATE/TIME SETTINGS (E6-B) The Date/Time Page displays the UTC (Coordinated Universal Time, Greenwich Mean Time or Zulu Time) date and time. The local offset, or time difference, is shown on the next line. For time zones in the Western Hemisphere, enter a negative offset. (HINT: The minus sign is on the “9” key.) Appendix E contains a [...]

8-21 To set the count down timer... · Place the cursor on the timer option field. · Press CLR to select “count down”. · Press the right arrow key. · Enter the number of hours to count down from and press ENT. · Enter the number of minutes to count down from and press ENT. · Enter the number of seconds to count down from and press ENT. The[...]

8-22 8.19 VERTICAL NAVIGATION PLANNING (E6-B) Pilots will find the GPS 95's vertical navigation (VNAV) function useful for calculating vertical speed requirements. In order to use the VNAV feature, aircraft ground speed must be greater than 35 knots. To calculate vertical speed requirements... · Place the cursor on the initial (Frm) altitude [...]

8-23 To activate the VNAV function... · Review the calculated vertical speed. If you wish to change the vertical speed: place the cursor on the vertical speed (At) field, enter the desired vertical speed and press ENT. · Place the cursor over the “VN” field. · Press CLR to turn the VNAV function on. The VNAV status on the bottom line will ch[...]

9-1 CHAPTER 9 SAMPLE TRIP USING ROUTES Now that you have gained a basic understanding for your GPS 95, you are ready to explore the route capabilities of this unit. The sample illustrations in this chapter assume that the factory default settings have not been changed. If you have changed these parameters the unit may display slightly different dat[...]

9-2 The welcome screen is displayed and the GPS 95 performs several self tests. After about five seconds the Database Page is displayed. Review the page to see if the database is current and press ENT to confirm the page. Setting the simulator mode and initial position... Select the Main Menu by pressing the MENU softkey (the “1” key in this ca[...]

9-3 The Operational Setup sub-menu is displayed with “Operation Mode” highlighted. Press ENT to select “Operation Mode”. The Operating Mode Page is displayed showing the current operational mode. Press the right arrow to place the cursor on the operational mode field. Press CLR (repeatedly) until “Simulator?” is displayed. Press ENT to [...]

9-4 Press the “4” key to select the letter “K”. Press the “6” key followed by the right arrow key to select the letter “R”. Continue pressing the alphanumeric and, if needed, arrow keys until the waypoint identifier has been entered. Press ENT when complete. Since the trip will begin at the airport there is no need to define a refer[...]

9-5 Creating the “WWBAY” user waypoint... Press WPT and the WPT softkey, if needed, to select the Waypoint Definition Page. Press the right arrow key to place the cursor on the waypoint category field. Press CLR (repeatedly) until “USR” is displayed. The Whitewater Bay area will be added to memory as a user waypoint. Press the right arrow k[...]

9-6 Continue pressing the alphanumeric and, if needed, arrow keys until the waypoint identifier has been entered. Press ENT when complete. Enter the latitude of Whitewater Bay (N 25°19.500'). Begin by selecting the proper hemisphere, If “N” for north is not displayed, press CLR. Press ENT when the proper hemisphere is selected. Enter the [...]

9-7 Enter the longitude of Whitewater Bay (W 081°10.500') in the same manner as was used for the latitude. Press ENT when you are finished. (NOTE: You do not need to enter the leading zero for degrees. Instead, you may begin by pressing the “8” key.) This trip will take you to an intermediate destination (Whitewater Bay) and then a final [...]

9-8 that the route is empty; it does not contain any waypoints. (If route 1 is not empty, select a different route.) Press the right arrow key twice to place the cursor on the first waypoint identifier field. Enter the identifier for Ft. Myers - Southwest Florida International Airport (KRSW). Begin by pressing the “4” key to select the letter ?[...]

9-9 Enter the identifier for the Whitewater Bay user waypoint (WWBAY) using the alphanumeric and arrow keys. Press ENT when complete. The cursor is now on the third waypoint identifier field. Enter the identifier for Key West International Airport (KEYW) using the alphanumeric and arrow keys. Press ENT when complete. The Route Definition Page shoul[...]

9-10 Press ENT to activate the route. The Active Route Page is displayed. This page displays the “active from” and “active to” waypoints on line one, as well as distance and time information to each waypoint on the following lines. The time information is blank since you are not moving yet. Before you take off, you may want to view communic[...]

9-11 ENT CLR Continue pressing the alphanumeric and, if needed, arrow keys until the waypoint identifier has been entered. Press ENT when complete. Location information will be displayed for the airport (as well as available fuels). Press the right arrow key. Press CLR to view the communication frequencies. Press CLR to view the runway information.[...]

9-12 ABC 1 ENT In order to animate the GPS 95's displays you will need to enter a simulated speed. To set the simulated speed... Press NAV and the NAV softkey, if needed, to select the Navigation Summary Page. Press the left arrow key to highlight the ground speed field. Enter a ground speed of 150 knots. Begin by pressing the “1” key. Con[...]

9-13 As your flight progresses, you can monitor the nearest airports at any time. This feature can be particularly valuable in the event of an in-flight emergency. To view the nearest airports... Press the WPT key and the NRST softkey, if needed, to select the Nearest Waypoint Page. The five nearest airports are instantly displayed along with beari[...]

9-14 · If you wish to stop the simulation, simply turn the GPS 95 off. We recommend that you delete the route and waypoint created in this simulation prior to using your unit again. (See Section 3.8 for information on deleting waypoints and Section 6.5 for information on deleting routes.)[...]

10-1 CHAPTER 10 SUA FEATURES EXPLAINED! By now, the operation of the GPS 95's SUA features should seem easy: · Messages are provided to alert you of nearby special-use and controlled airspaces. · The SUA Page provides additional information about each of the airspaces. · The Map Display graphically depicts the boundaries of these areas. In [...]

10-2 Your destination airport is Batesville Regional (KBVX), inside the MOA. As you descend toward the airport the “Inside” indication on the SUA Page disappears once you are below the floor of Shirley 1, plus any altitude buffer setting (and position error) you may have entered. For example, if you enter 500 feet for an altitude buffer setting[...]

10-3 10.2 FLYING NEAR AN SUA' S BOUNDARY In our second example, you are again flying due west at 10,500 feet, but this time your planned course is parallel to the northern boundary of Shirley 1 MOA and less than two nautical miles away. When you reach Location #1 the “SUA Near < 2 nm” message warns you that the SUA is less than two naut[...]

10-4 As you continue on this new course an “Inside SUA” message occurs at Location #4. No further messages are provided, but at Location #5 the SUA Page will indicate “Near” for Shirley 1. At Location #6, over two nautical miles away from the MOA, Shirley 1 will no longer appear on the SUA Page. 10.3 SECTORIZED AIRSPACE - NEAR VERSUS AHEAD [...]

10-5 At Location #1 you reach your en route altitude of 3,000 feet and the GPS 95 alerts you of the controlled airspace ahead with, “SUA Ahead < 10 min”. The outer ring of the Class B airspace only extends down to 4,000 feet MSL. The airspace you are being warned of is the second ring (sector) that extends from 8,000 to 3,000 feet MSL. Proje[...]

10-6 In our final example, you are flying westbound toward Sundance MOA. Adjacent to this MOA are two restricted areas: R-2501S and R-2501E. Sundance MOA extends from 500 feet AGL to 10,000 feet MSL. Since the MOA floor is an AGL altitude, the GPS 95 will provide SUA messages for this airspace at all altitudes below 10,000 feet MSL. Both restricted[...]

10-7 All the examples described in this section are based on real airspaces. If your unit contains the Americas database, you may use the Simulator Mode to duplicate these scenarios and observe how the unit would actually operate when flying near an SUA. (Refer to Section 5.5 for more information on using Simulator Mode.) The table below shows the [...]

A-1 APPENDIX A MESSAGES The GPS 95 uses the Message Page to communicate important information to you. Some messages are advisory in nature, others are warnings that may require your intervention. This appendix provides a complete list of messages and their meanings. Please pay careful attention to all messages. Alarm Clock - The alarm time for the [...]

A-2 controlled airspace. Leg Not Smoothed - The upcoming leg is too short for smooth waypoint transitions. Expect a rapid change in the CDI. Memory Battery Low - The battery that sustains user memory is low and should be replaced by an authorized GARMIN service center as soon as possible. Failure to do so may result in loss of stored data, includin[...]

A-3 Route is Full - An attempt has been made to add more than 30 waypoints to a route. The GPS 95 will not allow more than 30 waypoints per route. Route Not Empty - An attempt has been made to copy a route to another non-empty route. The GPS 95 will not allow this operation. Route Waypoint - An attempt has been made to delete a waypoint which is a [...]

A-4 VNAV cancelled - The VNAV function has been cancelled due to a change in the active route. WPT Exists ____ - You have entered a waypoint name on the AutoStore TM Page that already exists in memory. Enter a waypoint name that does not exist. WPT Memory Full - The waypoint memory is full. You should delete unused waypoints to make room for new wa[...]

B-1 APPENDIX B GLOSSARY AND NAVIGATION TERMS B.1 DEFINITIONS This section provides an illustration of and definitions for the navigation terms used in this manual.[...]

B-2 Velocity/time terms: GS Ground speed. GS is the speed measured relative to a ground position; also known as velocity over ground (VOG). ETA Estimated time of arrival. ETA is the estimated time you will reach the “active to” waypoint based on current GS. This time is selectable as either UTC or local. ETE Estimated time enroute. ETE is the t[...]

B-3 Satellite terms: DOP Dilution of precision. DOP is a measure of the satellite geometry quality and hence the relative accuracy of your position (one meaning the best and ten meaning poor). EPE Estimated position error. EPE, which is computed using the satellite geometry (DOP), signal and data quality, receiver tracking status and other factors,[...]

B-4 95 chooses the closest leg with a desired track of 45 degrees but your position happens to be two nautical miles off course. The unit will automatically compute the optimal course to steer (which is due north in this example). Press the NAV key until the Nav Summary Page is displayed, then select “CTS” on the first cyclic field. Using the C[...]

C-1 APPENDIX C INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE C.1 SPECIFICATIONS GPS 95 SPECIFICATIONS * —————————————————————————————- PHYSICAL Case: Waterproof Size: w/ Battery Pack - 3.23"w x 6.26"h x 1.46"d (82mm x 159mm x 37mm) w/o Battery Pack - 3.23"w x 4.87"h x 1.46"d (82[...]

C-2 Update Rate: Once per second, continuously Accuracy: Position: 15 meters (49 ft) RMS ** Velocity: 0.1 knots RMS steady state Dynamics: 999 knots velocity, 3g dynamics INTERFACES NMEA 0180 NMEA 0182 NMEA 0183 Version 1.5 Approved sentences: GPBWC, GPGLL, GPRMB, GPRMC, GPXTE, GPVTG, GPWPL Proprietary sentences: PGRMM (map datum), PGRMZ (altitude)[...]

C-3 C.2 ELECTRICAL WIRING The GPS 95 power/data cable allows you to connect the unit to vehicle power systems, other electronics, and a remote alarm/beeper. The power/data cable has a 7-pin intermediate connector to facilitate quick disconnection of all electrical connections and easy removal of the entire yoke mount from the aircraft. The GPS 95 i[...]

C-4 To connect to a remote alarm system... · Connect the BLUE harness lead to the negative side of a transistor alarm or relay switch. · Connect the positive side of the alarm or relay to the positive side of the 5 to 40 volt DC power source. The GPS 95 may be connected to a PC-compatible computer using a NMEA 0183 data interface or to marine ele[...]

C-5 The yoke mount clamp will need to be reconfigured in order to fit the following: Bonanza, Baron and some other Beech models with center column control. To reconfigure the yoke mount... · Completely unscrew the upper knob. · Re-attach the plastic yoke mount bracket to the metal C-clamp assembly using the alternate position as shown.[...]

C-6 To attach the yoke mount to the control yoke... · Open the clamp jaw to its widest extent by unscrewing the lower knob. · Slip the clamp over the horizontal member of the control yoke. Position the clamp as far as possible toward the center column. · Tighten the lower knob securely. · Check to make sure the yoke travel is not limited or hin[...]

C-7 To substitute the lower knob with shortened stud... · Peel back the protective rubber on the V-block. · Use a 1.5mm hex wrench to remove the M1.7 hex head screw. · Completely unscrew the lower knob. · Screw in the alternate lower knob. · Re-attach the V-block as shown. NOTE: A shorter V-block is available for Beech models having a dual yok[...]

C-8 C.4 YOKE MOUNT OPERATION Once installed on the yoke, the yoke mount may be adjusted to provide the optimum viewing angle for your GPS 95. To adjust the yoke mount viewing angle... · Loosen the upper knob. · Rotate the bracket up or down on the ratchet. · Tighten the upper knob securely. The yoke mount is designed to allow the GPS 95 to be in[...]

C-9 The yoke mount has been designed for easy insertion and removal of your GPS 95 if you wish to use the unit in another airplane or vehicle, to plan at home, or to prevent theft. To insert the GPS 95 into the yoke mount... · Tilt the top of the GPS 95 into the yoke mount as shown. · Engage the slot in the top of the GPS 95 into the raised bump [...]

C-10 · Disconnect the antenna or antenna cable. · Apply enough force to the release tab to allow the unit to pass as shown above. · Pull the bottom of the GPS 95 out. Then rotate the top downward and out. NOTE: The portable antenna is removed by gripping the antenna at its base (on the knurled knob) and rotating 1/4 turn counterclockwise. The an[...]

C-11 · Remove the power/data cable screws. · Remove the coinslot screw · Slide the cradle off of the yoke mount bracket as shown. To attach the cradle and power/data cable to the surface mount... · Slide the connector into the corresponding slot in the cradle as shown. · Install the coinslot screw. · Install the cable screws to secure the pow[...]

C-12 C.6 PORTABLE ANTENNA INSTALLATION The GPS 95 is supplied with a portable antenna mount that allows the antenna to be affixed to a windshield or any smooth surface using a suction cup mount and a six foot extension cable. As an alternative, the suction cup can be removed and replaced with the plastic shoulder washer and self- threading screw to[...]

C-13 To remove the battery pack... · Push down on the spring tab on the right side of the battery pack. · Pull the battery pack off the right side of the unit. To replace the alkaline batteries... · Grip the battery pack around the outside edge (not the bottom). · Push the top of the battery pack against the edge of a hard surface which will no[...]

C-14 When transporting your GPS 95 in the supplied carrying case, place the unit in the yoke mount, then place this assembly in the carrying case with the unit face down. Place any other items (cables, etc.) on top of the unit/yoke mount. This minimizes the chance that the GPS 95's display will be scratched by sharp edges on the yoke mount or [...]

D-1 APPENDIX D MAP DATUMS The following is a list of the GPS 95 map datum selections and the corresponding map datum name (including the area of application): Adindan Adindan - Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, Sudan Afgooye Afgooye - Somalia AIN EL ABD 1970 AIN EL ABD 1970 - Bahrain Island, Saudi Arabia Anna 1 Astro 1965 Anna 1 Astro 1965 - Cocos Islands A[...]

D-2 Geodetic Datum ‘49 Geodetic Datum ‘49 - New Zealand Guam 1963 Guam 1963 - Guam Island Gux 1 Astro Gux 1 Astro - Guadalcanal Island Hjorsey 1955 Hjorsey 1955 - Iceland Hong Kong 1963 Hong Kong 1963 - Hong Kong Indian Bangladesh Indian - Bangladesh, India, Nepal Indian Thailand Indian - Thailand, Vietnam Ireland 1965 Ireland 1965 - Ireland IS[...]

D-3 Nahrwn Saudi Arbia Nahrwn - Saudi Arabia Nahrwn United Arab Nahrwn - United Arab Emirates Naparima BWI Naparima BWI - Trinidad and Tobago Observatorio 1966 Observatorio 1966 - Corvo and Flores Islands (Azores) Old Egyptian Old Egyptian - Egypt Old Hawaiian Old Hawaiian - Mean Value Oman Oman - Oman Ord Srvy Grt Britn Ord Srvy Grt Britn - Englan[...]

E-1 APPENDIX E UTC TIME TO LOCAL TIME OFFSET Reference the chart below to find the UTC-to-local time offset for your longitude zone. (If you are in a daylight savings time zone, add one hour to the offset.) For example, if you are at longitude W081°00.00' and UTC time is 16:00, local time is 11:00 standard time. Longitude Zone Offset W180.0°[...]

F-1 APPENDIX F INDEX A "Active from" waypoint 6-1 Active leg 6-1 Active Route Page 6-5 "Active to" waypoint 6-1 Airport communication information 3-5 Airport information 3-3 Airport location information 3-4 Airport runway information 3-5 Alarm clock 8-13 Alphanumeric field 2-2 Alphanumeric keys 2-3 Altitude, entering 5-6 Antenna[...]

F-2 M Main Menu 8-4 Maintenance C-13 Map Configuration Page 5-5 Map Datum Page 8-7 Map datum, pre-defined 8-7 Map datum, user 8-8 Map datums, list D-1 Map Display 5-3 Map orientation 5-6 Map scale 5-4 Message annunciator 2-1 Messages, list A-1 Messages, receiver status 8-2 Messages, viewing 2-5 Minimum runway length 8-6 Modes, operational 1-6 N NAV[...]

F-3 P Page annunciator 2-1 Page options 2-1 PC Database Update Kit 1-5 PCX5AVD Software Kit 1-5 Present Position Page 5-6 Product support C-14 PWR/STAT Key 2-2 R Receiver status messages 8-2 Rechargeable NiCad battery 1-5 Relative bearing pointer 5-2 Reviewing waypoints 3-16 Route Definition Page 6-2 Route List Page 6-6 Routes 6-1 activating 6-4 co[...]

F-4 V VNAV, activating 8-23 VNAV altitude (V) B-2 Vertical navigation (VNAV) 8-22 Vertical speed, calculating 8-22 Viewing messages 2-5 VOR information 3-6 W Waypoint categories 3-2 Waypoint Definition Page 3-1 Waypoint List Page 3-12 Waypoints 3-1 nearest 3-18 reviewing 3-16 scanning 3-14 using 3-13 Winds aloft 8-18 Wiring, electrical C-3 WPT/SUA [...]

190-00080-00 Rev. A GARMIN / Europe Ltd. Robert House, Station Approach Romsey, Hampshire SO51 8DU UK GARMIN International, Inc. 9875 Widmer Road Lenexa, KS 66215 USA[...]