Kodak D-31 manual

Micrographic Q uality D-31 S torage and Preservation of Microfilms[...]

D-31 Ju ne 2002 i Content s Intr oduct ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Defi nitio ns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Elec troni c Ima ging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Rec[...]

ii D-31 June 2002 Proce s sing of Ot her Fi lm T ypes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Thermally Proc essed Silver (TPS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Diaz o Fi lms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 V es ic u la r F ilm s . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[...]

D-31 Ju ne 2002 1 Intr oduction Photographi c film remai ns an im portant documenta ry material. Th e increasing quantity and value of microf il m records used in finan cial instit utions, li braries, government of fices, and industrial firms have focused att ent ion on the care of such record s to make cert ain that they last as long as possible. [...]

2 D-31 June 2002 Emulsion layer(s ) —image or image-formi ng layer(s ) of phot ographic film s, p apers, and plates. Film base —the plasti c support fo r the emuls ion and backing layers. Halation —h alo or ghost around the desired image on a photographic emulsion. (This is caused by the refl ecti on of rays of light fr om the base to t he em[...]

D-31 Ju ne 2002 3 Scanner —a device that elect ro-opt icall y convert s a document into a series of pix els by det ecting and measuring t he intensity of li ght refl ected or transmit ted. When initiall y captured , each pix el is a level of brightne ss (gray or color) , initi ally an analog quant ity , but potenti ally di gitized. NOTE: For many[...]

4 D-31 June 2002 Storage V a ult s The highest degree of protec tion for a large number of records is af forded by a fir eproof storage vaul t or rec ord room. It shou ld be located and construct ed in accordance with the local building code, Fire Underwr iters’ Regulation s, and the requi rement s of t he National Fire Pr otection Associati on ([...]

D-31 Ju ne 2002 5 W ater Protection Film records should be protected fr om possible water damage, such as from lea ks, fir e-sprinkl er discharge, and flo oding. If po ssible, storage facili ties sh ould be lo cated above basement levels. S torage cabinet s should be r aised so t hat the lowest shel f or dr awer is at least 15.2 cm (6 in.) off the [...]

6 D-31 June 2002 V ery low humidities have, in the p ast, cause d fil m to be br ittle. However , film of current manuf acture has not b een found to exhibi t brit tleness or breaking tende ncies under normal handling , even at relati ve humidit ies as low as 15%. Old f ilm that is found t o be brit tle at low humidit y should be reconditioned to a[...]

D-31 Ju ne 2002 7 Humidity Cont rol Control of rel at ive humidity i s required for preservat ion of permanent records. Air Conditioning Properly cont rol led air conditi oning of the storage area is defin itely recommended for the opti m um long-ter m preservat ion of permanent records. The air should be filt ered t o remove dust , cleansed of gas[...]

8 D-31 June 2002 Humidification Humidifi cati on is not necessary or desirable unless t he prevaili ng relati ve humidit y is under 15%—under 30% for polyester -base films—for long periods of time and unless the fi lm is used frequentl y and physical troubles are encounter ed. Neither water trays nor saturat ed chemical soluti ons should be use[...]

D-31 Ju ne 2002 9 The conditio ns under which micro fi lm is stored have been f ound to play an im portant role in the development of microscopi c blemishes. S t orage in cool, dr y air that is free of oxid izing gases or vapors is an ef fective means for arrestin g their format ion and growth. S torage in sealed, met al cans is a sound preventive [...]

10 D-31 June 2002 Composition of Encl osure Materials Pape r Paper should be made from rag, bleached sul fi t e or bleac hed kraft pulp with an alpha-c ellulose content g reater t han 87%. It should be f ree from highly ligni fied fibr es, such as ground wood, as determined by the phloro glucinol spot test. For p aper in d i rect cont act wit h bla[...]

D-31 Ju ne 2002 11 Processing for Permanence Silver -Gel atin Films Processing is one of the most import ant factors af fecting the p otential permanence of photographi c records. The remo val of resi dual processing chemicals, the excl usion of dirt conta mination , and unif orm drying are factors normally cont rol led by proper proces sin g. Proc[...]

12 D-31 June 2002 Squeegees It is import ant to use an adequate squeegee where the film leaves th e water wash and enters the drying sect i on. Otherwise, res i dual water droplet s will dry and form vis ibl e sur face defect s and, in some cases, cause physic al st icking of the film l aps. In wound- up roll s, these s pot s may provide plac es wh[...]

D-31 Ju ne 2002 13 Processing of Other Film T ypes Thermally Processed Si lver (TPS) This film shou ld be processed in accordan ce with the manufact urers’ r ecommendations f or optimum image st abi lity . ANSI/PIMA IT9.19-1994 and ISO-18919- 1999 24 give specificati ons for stability of T PS films. Diazo Film s The proper processi ng of di azo f[...]

14 D-31 June 2002 T ime-Cap sule Stora ge Only silver -gelat in fi lms conf orming t o ANSI/ PIMA IT9.1-1998 2 or ISO 18901- 1999 should be used for ti me cap sules or sealed in corner stones of buildi ngs. Fi lm intended for this kind of sto rage should be condit ioned to a low rela tive humidi ty (20-30% is recommended for acetate- base films) in[...]

D-31 Ju ne 2002 15 Insp ectio n The potential life of photograp hic records depends largely on atmospheric conditions —temperature, humidity , cleanliness—and the manner in whi ch the film is used. If storage condi tions are kept within the limi t s suggested in T able 3, in spect ion of an adeq uate number of proper ly select ed lot samples sh[...]

16 D-31 June 2002 T able 2: Stor age Life of Microfi lms NOTES: (1) Expressed as thi o su lfate ion. (2) Specific l imi t s have not been set—the recommended washi ng should be satisfactor y . (3) Dehumidif ication ma y be necessary even though automati c air conditioni ng is not practic al. Film/T ype/Parameter Anticip ated S torage Lif e Medium[...]

D-31 Ju ne 2002 17 Summary of Requirements for S torage and Preservatio n of Records on Ko dak Microfilm St o rage Facili ties The type of storage vaul t , safe, cabinet , or area selected must be based on the val ue of the film records and their int ended stor age life. I n general, one roll per cont ainer is recommended. Contai ners shoul d be st[...]

18 D-31 June 2002 References an d Bibliograph y 1. American National S tandard: “T echnical Report— Glossary of Document T echnologies,” ANSI/AIIM TR2-1998. 2. American National S tandard: “Imaging Materials — Processed Silver-Gelatin T y pe Black and White Film—Specifications for S tability ,” ANSI/PIMAIT9.1- 1996 or ISO 18901. 3. Am[...]

EASTMAN KODAK COMP ANY Document Imagi ng Rochester , New Y ork 14650 www .kod ak.c om/go /doc imag ing Kodak, Ea stman, Est ar , and Prost ar are trademark s of East man Kod ak Comp any . KODAK Publicatio n No. D-31 CA T No. 81 1-6386 6 /2002 © Eastman Kodak C omp any , 2002 Printed in U.S.A.[...]