Kodak Z915 manual

K OD AK EASY SHARE Z915 Digital Camer a Extended user guide www .k odak.com F or interactive tutorials , visit www .k odak.com/go/howto F or help with you r camera, vis it www .kodak.com/go/z915 support[...]

Eastman Kodak Company Rochester , NY 14650 © K odak, 2009 All screen images are simulated. K odak, EasyShare , and P erfect Tou ch are trademarks of Eastman K odak Company . P/N 4H5245_en[...]

Product features www .kodak.com/go/sup port i Back view 1 Speaker 8 Self-timer/Bur st button 2 Mode dial 9 3V DC-In/USB/AV out 3 On/Off button 10 Strap post 4 Zoom Wide Angle/Telephoto lever 11 Share button 5 Shutter button 12 , OK 6 Flash button 13 Delete/Me nu/Info/Review buttons 7 Focus (Macro/Infinity) b utton For batteries, see page 1 . For SD[...]

ii www .kodak.com/g o/support Product features Front view 1F l a s h 2 Self-timer/Video/AF Assist light 3L e n s / C o v e r 4 Microphone 4 2 1 3[...]

www .kodak.com/go/sup port iii T able of contents 1 1 Setting up your camera ......................................................................... 1 Attaching the strap .................... ................................... ...................... .......... 1 Loading the batteries ...................... .......................................[...]

iv www .kodak.com/g o/support T able of cont ents Editing videos ........................ ....................................... .............................. 25 Play a mult imedia slide show................... .................................... ................ 28 Displaying pictures/videos on a television................................ .....[...]

www .kodak.com/go/sup port 1 1 Setting up your camera Attaching the strap Loading the batteries Other battery types see page 57 Purchase accessories, su ch as batteries, battery chargers, SDHC cards, etc. www .kodak.com/go/z915accessories[...]

2 www .kodak.com/g o/support Setting up your camera Turning on the camera Setting the language, date/time NO TE: To change language or date/time in the future , use the Setup menu ( see page 37 ). to change current field. for previous/next field. OK to accept. At the prompt, press OK. to change. OK to accept. Language: Date/T ime:[...]

Setting up your camera www .kodak.com/go/sup port 3 Storing pictures on an (accessory) SD or SDHC Card Y our camera has internal memory . Y ou can purchase an SD or SDHC Card to store more pictures and videos . (Maximum supported card size is 32 GB .) CAUTION: A card can only be inserted one way; forcing it may cause damage . Inserting or removing [...]

4 www .kodak.com/g o/support 2 T aking pictures/videos Taking a picture NO TE: For more information on Smart C a pture and other modes , see page 6 . Fr aming marks do not appear in some SCN (scene) and Video modes. Using the framing marks F raming marks indicate the camera focus area. 1 Press the Shutter button halfway . If the camera is not focus[...]

T aking pictures/videos www .kodak.com/go/sup port 5 Taking a video Reviewing the picture/video just taken After you tak e a picture/vide o, the LCD dis plays a quickview for several seconds . (T o dismiss the quickview sooner , press th e Shu tter button halfw ay.) T he picture/v ideo is saved unless you press the Delete button. T o review pictur [...]

6 www .kodak.com/g o/support T aking pictures/videos Capture modes Capture mode For Smart Capture General picture taking—it offers excellent image quality and ease of use. ■ F ace s are detect ed. ■ T he scene is analyzed for other content and for lighting. ■ K ODAK PERFECT T OUCH T echnology is applied, for better pictures . You can choose[...]

T aking pictures/videos www .kodak.com/go/sup port 7 Scene modes 1 T urn the Mode dial to Scene . 2 Press to highlight Scene modes . NO TE: If the mode description turns off be fore you finish reading it, press OK. 3 Press OK to choose a Scene mode . SCN mode Fo r Portrait Full-frame portraits of people. Children Action pictures of chil dren in bri[...]

8 www .kodak.com/g o/support T aking pictures/videos Using optical zoom Use optical zoom to get up to 10X closer to your subject while taking p i ctures/videos . 1 Use the LCD to frame your subject. F or focus distances , see Camera specifi cations , page 53 . 2 Press T elephoto (T) to zoom in. Press Wide An gle (W) to zoom out. 3 T ak e the pictur[...]

T aking pictures/videos www .kodak.com/go/sup port 9 Using the flash Use the flash when you tak e pictures at night, indoors , or outdoors in heavy shadows . Flash settings are limited in so me capture modes . Flash modes Flash fires Auto When the lighting conditions require it. Fill Every time you take a picture, regardless of the lighting conditi[...]

10 www .kodak.com/g o/support T aking pictures/videos Using the Focus button 1 In most Still m odes , press the Focus button until the desired focus icon is dis played on the LCD: 2 Press the Shut ter button halfway to focus and set exposure , then completely down to tak e the pic ture . Mode Icon Fo r Auto Focus (AF) No icon. Normal picture taking[...]

T aking pictures/videos www .kodak.com/go/sup port 11 Using the self-timer Use the self-timer when you w ant to be included in a picture , or to ensure a steady Shutter button press . Place the came ra on a tripod or flat surface . 1 Repeatedly press the Self-timer/Burst button to choose a setting: 10 seconds— A picture is tak en after a 10-secon[...]

12 www .kodak.com/g o/support T aking pictures/videos Taking panoramic pictures Use panora ma to “stitch” up to 3 pictures into a panor amic scene . NO TE: For best results , use a tripod. Individual pict ures are not saved, even if panorama capture is cancelled before stitching occu rs. (Exposure Comp ensation , White Balance , Exposure Meteri[...]

T aking pictures/videos www .kodak.com/go/sup port 13 Getting help from your camera Y ou w ant the most from your camer a. Y ou want to und erstand: ■ What it can do for you ■ And how to tak e the best possible pictures and videos Great news! Y our camer a offers a built-in Help system . It describes every setting for every menu choice . If you[...]

14 www .kodak.com/g o/support T aking pictures/videos P, A, S, and M modes Use these modes when you want more co ntrol over your camer a and pictures . NO TE: Settings you change in P , A, S , or M modes appl y only to pictures tak en in those modes. T he settings, including Flash, are maintained for P , A, S, an d M modes—even when you change mo[...]

T aking pictures/videos www .kodak.com/go/sup port 15 Changing P, A, S, or M mode settings P ASM modes control t he aperture (f-number , also known as f-stop), shutter speed, exposure compensatio n, flash compensation, and ISO . Use the Menu button to control all other settings . 1 T urn the Mode dial to P , A, S , or M. 2 Press to access a setting[...]

16 www .kodak.com/g o/support T aking pictures/videos Using exposure compensation to adjust brightness In P , A, S , and P anorama modes , you can adjust exposure compensati on before you tak e a picture to mak e your pictures dark er or lighter . Only the first picture in P anorama mode can be a djusted—t hat ad justment is applied to the remain[...]

T aking pictures/videos www .kodak.com/go/sup port 17 Using the histogram to view picture brightness Use the histogram to evaluate the distribution of lig ht before or after you take a picture . Optimal exposure is achieved when the peak is in the middle of the histogra m. The flash m ay affect a picture’ s light and shadow . T o turn on the hist[...]

18 www .kodak.com/g o/support 3 W orking with pictur es/videos Reviewing pictures/videos Press the Rev iew button to view and work with your pictures/videos . Press Review again to ex it. 1 Press the Review button. 2 Press for previous/next picture/video . ■ Press the Review button to return to Capture mode . ■ T o view pictures/videos as thumb[...]

W orking with pictures/videos www .kodak.com/go/sup port 19 Playing a video 1 Press the Review button. 2 Press to locate previous/next video . 3 Press OK to play a video . ■ Press during playback to adjust the volume . ■ Press OK to pause/resume .(Press during pause to go to previous/n ext frame . ■ Press during playback to play at 2X speed; [...]

20 www .kodak.com/g o/support W orking with pictures/videos Protecting pictures/videos from deletion 1 Press the Re view button, then to fi nd a picture. 2 Press t he Menu button. 3 Press to highlight Protect, then press OK. The Protect icon appears with the protected picture/video. ■ Press the Menu button to exit the menu. CAUTION: F ormatting i[...]

W orking with pictures/videos www .kodak.com/go/sup port 21 Using shortcuts F or quick access to the most popular functions: 1 Press the Info button . The shortcuts appear . 2 Press to acces s functions lik e Select Pi cture , Add T ext T ag, and View Multi-up . 3 Press to choose a setting. T o hide the shortcuts again, press . Using the menu butto[...]

22 www .kodak.com/g o/support W orking with pictures/videos Adding sound tags Y ou can record a voice or sound (up to 1 minute long) to add to a picture . NO TE: Only one sound tag can be added to each picture (not to videos). Recording a sound tag 1 Press the Re view button, then to fi nd a picture. 2 Press the Menu b utton, th en to highlight the[...]

W orking with pictures/videos www .kodak.com/go/sup port 23 Cropping pictures Y ou can crop a picture so that only the de sired portion of the pi cture remains . (Y ou cannot crop these pictures: panoramic, 16 : 9, video action prints , pictures from a video , or pictures that are already cropped.) 1 Press the Review button, then to find a picture [...]

24 www .kodak.com/g o/support W orking with pictures/videos Using KODAK PERFECT TOUCH Technology K ODAK PERFECT T OUCH T echnology helps ensu re better , brighter pictu res. PERFECT T OUCH T echnology is automatically applied to pictures tak en in Smart Capture mode . (Y ou cannot enhance videos , panoramic pi ctures , or pictures that are already [...]

W orking with pictures/videos www .kodak.com/go/sup port 25 Editing videos Making a picture from a video Y ou can choose a single frame from a video , then mak e a picture suitable for printing. 1 Press the Review button, then to find a video . 2 Press the Menu button, then to highlight the Edit tab. 3 Press to highlight Mak e Picture , then press [...]

26 www .kodak.com/g o/support W orking with pictures/videos Using video bookmarks Y ou can set bookmarks at inte resting places in y our video, then j ump from one bookmark to another . Setting bookmarks 1 Press the Review button, then to find a video . 2 Press the Menu button, then to highl ight the Edit tab. Highlight Bookmark, then press OK. 3 P[...]

W orking with pictures/videos www .kodak.com/go/sup port 27 Making a video action print F rom a video, you can mak e a 4-, 9-, or 16 -up picture , suitable for a 4 x 6-inch (10 x 15 cm) print. 1 Press the Review button, then to find a video . 2 Press the Menu button, then to highlight th e Edit tab . 3 Press to highlight Action Prin t, then press O[...]

28 www .kodak.com/g o/support W orking with pictures/videos Play a multimedia slide show To show all pictures/videos 1 Press the Review button. 2 Press the Me nu button, the n to highl ight the Revi ew tab . 3 Press to highlight Multimedia Slide Show , then press OK. 4 Press to highlight Preview Slide Show , then press OK. All pictures/videos are d[...]

W orking with pictures/videos www .kodak.com/go/sup port 29 Displaying pictures/videos on a television Y ou can display pictures/videos on a televi sion, computer monitor , or any device equipped with a video input. T o connect the camera to a television, u se an A/V cable (may be sold separ ately). NO TE: Ensure that the Video Out setting (NTSC or[...]

30 www .kodak.com/g o/support W orking with pictures/videos Viewing pictures/videos in different ways Viewing as thum bnails (multi-up) 1 Press the Re view button. 2 Press the Wide An gle (W) button to change from single-picture view to multi-up thumbnails . 3 Press T elephoto (T) to retu rn to single-picture vi ew . ■ T o select multiple picture[...]

W orking with pictures/videos www .kodak.com/go/sup port 31 Copying pictures/videos Y ou can copy pictu res/videos from a card to internal memory or fr om internal memory to a card. NO TE: Before you copy , mak e sure that a card is inserted i n the camera. Copy pictures/videos: 1 Press the Review button, then the Menu button. 2 Press to highlight [...]

32 www .kodak.com/g o/support 4 Using the menu button Y ou can change se ttings to get the best results from your camera. 1 Press the Menu button. 2 Press to highligh t a tab: ■ Capture/Video for the most common pict ure/video-taking settings ■ Setup for other camera settings 3 Press to highlight a setting, then p r ess OK. 4 Highlight an optio[...]

Using the menu butt on www .kodak.com/go/sup port 33 Color Mode Choose color tones. High Color Natural Color Low Color Black & White Sepia NO TE: EASY SHARE Software also lets you change a color p icture to black-and-white or sepia. Unavailable in Video mode. AF Control Choose an auto-focus setting. Available only in SCN, P, A, S, M, and Video [...]

34 www .kodak.com/g o/support Using the menu button Exposure Metering Evaluate light levels at specific areas of a scene. Available only in P, A, S, M and Panorama modes. Multi-pattern— evaluates lighting conditions throughout the image to give an optimum picture exposure. Ideal for general picture taking. Center-weighted— evaluates the lightin[...]

Using the menu butt on www .kodak.com/go/sup port 35 Using the Setup menu IMPOR T ANT : Y our camera offers a built-in Help system. See page 13 . Press Menu, , , and OK to access settings Setup Options Share button Choose how pictures/videos are handled when you press the Share button (via EASYSHARE Software for WINDOWS OS only). NO TE: Some online[...]

36 www .kodak.com/g o/support Using the menu button Capture Frame Grid Use the frame grid to divide the LCD screen into thirds, vertically and horizontally. On Off Date Stamp Imprint the date on pictures . On Off Red-eye Reduction Choose how red-eye is reduced. Preflash— the flash fires to reduce the chance of red-eye. Digital correction— the c[...]

Using the menu butt on www .kodak.com/go/sup port 37 Sound Volume High Medium Low Mute Date & Time See page 2 . The format chosen is used for all date/time features. Auto Power Off Choose inactivity time until camera turns off. 10 minutes 5 minutes 3 minutes 1 minute Video Out Choose the regional setting for connecting to a tele vision or other[...]

38 www .kodak.com/g o/support 5 T r ansferring , printing , and sharing pictur es Installing the software CAUTION: Install EASY SHARE Software before connecting the camera to the computer . F ailure to do so may cause the software to load incorrectly . 1 Close all softw are applications that are open on your computer (including anti-virus software)[...]

T ransferring, printing, and sharing pict ures www .kodak.com/go/sup port 39 Transferring pictures with the USB cable Using other options Y ou can also use a K ODAK Card Reader to transfer your pictures/videos . Purchase acc essories www .kodak.com/go/z915accessories Learn more about connecting www .kodak.com/go/howto T urn o n the c amera . 3 Conn[...]

40 www .kodak.com/g o/support T ransferring, printing, and sharing pictures Printing pictures Direct printing with a KODAK All-in-One Printer Y our camer a is compatible with PICTBRIDGE T echnology , so you can print directly to PICTBRIDGE enabled Printers . Y ou need a camera with fully charged battery , a PICTBRIDGE enabled Printer , an d a USB c[...]

T ransferring, printing, and sharing pict ures www .kodak.com/go/sup port 41 Disconnecting the camera from a K ODAK All-in-One Pr inter 1 T urn off the camera and printer . 2 Disconnect the USB cable fro m the camera an d the printer . Using a printer that is not PICTBRIDGE Technology enabled After you tr ansfer pictures from the camera to y our co[...]

42 www .kodak.com/g o/support T ransferring, printing, and sharing pictures Marking your pictures Y ou can mark your pictures so they are easy to: ■ Print ■ Email ■ Organize as a favorite ■ Organize with a name that you create Marking pictures for printing 1 Press the Review button. Press to locate a picture . 2 Press the Menu button. Press[...]

T ransferring, printing, and sharing pict ures www .kodak.com/go/sup port 43 Marking pictures/videos for emailing It’ s simple to mark pictures so that th ey’re re ady to email usi ng K ODAK EASY SHARE Software . First, create a new email address . ( See “ Add a new email a ddress or name” on page 43. ) 1 Press the Review button. Press to l[...]

44 www .kodak.com/g o/support T ransferring, printing, and sharing pictures Marking pictures/videos as favorites T o make your favorite pictures/videos easi er to locate in EASY SHARE Software , you can mark them as favorites . 1 Press the Review butt on, then to locate a pi cture/video . 2 Press the Share button. The favorite mark appears with the[...]

T ransferring, printing, and sharing pict ures www .kodak.com/go/sup port 45 Assigning a tag to the pictures/videos you take next Use the Set T ag feature to assign a tag name to the next pictures/videos you tak e . First, create a new tag name . ( Se e “ Add a ne w email address or name” on page 43. ) 1 Press the Menu button. 2 Highlight the S[...]

46 www .kodak.com/g o/support 6 T r oubleshooting F or step-by-step product support, visit www .kodak.com/go/z915support and select Intera ctive T roubleshooting & Repairs . Camera problems If T ry one or more of the following Camera does not turn on. ■ Install new batteries ( page 1 ). ■ Charge rechargeable batteries . Camera does not turn[...]

T roubleshooting www .kodak.com/go/sup port 47 In Review mode, a blue or black screen is displayed instead of a picture. ■ T ransfer the picture to the computer ( page 39 ), then format the card or internal memory ( see page 37 ). CAUTION: F o rmatti ng a card de letes all pictures and videos , including protected files. Shutter button does not w[...]

48 www .kodak.com/g o/support T roubleshooting Camera does not recognize SD/SDHC Card. ■ Purchase a certified SD/SDHC Card. ■ F ormat the card ( see page 37 ). CAUTION: F o rmatti ng a card de letes all pictures and videos , including protected files. ■ Insert a card into the slot ( page 3 ). Camera freezes up when a car d is inserted or remo[...]

T roubleshooting www .kodak.com/go/sup port 49 Camera/computer communications If T ry one or more of the following Cannot transfer pictures. (The Add New Hardware Wizard cannot locate drivers.) ■ Disconnect the USB cable . Close all open applications. Re-install the software ( page 38 ). The computer does not communicate with the camera. ■ T ur[...]

50 www .kodak.com/g o/support T roubleshooting LCD messages If T ry one or more of the follo wing No images to display ■ Change image storage location setting ( see page 35 ). Memory card requires formatting ■ Insert a new card ( page 3 ) or format the card ( see page 37 ). CAUTION: F ormatting a card deletes all pictures and videos , including[...]

www .kodak.com/go/sup port 51 7 Getting help Helpful links Camera Software Other Email, write, or phone customer support www .kodak.com/go/contact Get support for your pro duct (FAQs, arrange for repairs, troubleshooting information, etc.) www .kodak.com/go/z915support Purchase camera accessories (lenses , cards, etc.) www.k odak.com/go/z915accesso[...]

52 www .kodak.com/g o/support Getting help NO TE: If you have questions concerning this p ro duct, you may speak with K odak customer support. Australia 1800 267 588 Netherlands 020 346 9372 Austria 0179 567 357 New Zealand 0800 880 120 Belgium 02 713 14 45 Norway 23 16 21 33 Brazil 0800 891 42 13 Philippines 1 800 1 888 9600 Canada 1 800 465 63 25[...]

www .kodak.com/go/sup port 53 8 Appendix Camera specifications F or more specifica tions , visit www .kodak.com/go/z 915support . Image sensor— 1/2.3-type (4:3 aspect ratio) Effective Pixels— 3672 x 2748 (10 M P) Color display— 6.4 cm (2.5-type) color hybrid LCD; 230 K (960 x 240) dots ; 25 fps Lens— 10X optical zoom lens , 35–350 mm (35 [...]

54 www .kodak.com/g o/support Appendix F ocus system— TTL-AF (through-the-lens auto focus); Multi-zone AF , and Center -zone AF; W orking range: 0.5 m (1.6 ft)–infinity @ wide 1.2 m (3.9 ft)–infinity @ telephoto 12–60 cm (4.7–23.6 in.) @ wide macro 0.6–1.3 m (2–4.3 ft) @ telephoto macro Electronic flash— Auto flash; Gui de no . 9.5 [...]

Appendix www .kodak.com/go/sup port 55 Output image size— 10 MP (4:3): 3648 x 2736 p ixels 8.9 MP (3:2): 3648 x 2432 pixels 7.5 MP (16:9): 3648 x 2048 p ixels 5.0 MP (4:3): 2592 x 1936 pixels 3.1 MP (4:3): 2048 x 1536 pixels 2.2 MP (3:2): 1824 x 1216 pixels 2.1 MP (16:9): 1920 x 1088 pixels 1.2 MP (4:3): 1280 x 960 pixels Communication with compu[...]

56 www .kodak.com/g o/support Appendix Important safety instructions CAUTION: Do not disassemble this product; th ere are no user -serviceable parts inside . Refer servicin g to qualified service personnel. K ODAK A C Adapters and Battery Chargers are intended for indoor use only . The use o f controls , adjustments , or procedures other than those[...]

Appendix www .kodak.com/go/sup port 57 ■ Dispose of batteries acco rding to lo cal and nation al regulations . Visit www .kodak. com/go/kes . ■ Do not charge non-rechar geable b atteries. F or more informat ion on batteries , see www .kodak.com/go/batterytypes . Upgrading your software and firmware Download t he latest versions of the so ftware[...]

58 www .kodak.com/g o/support Appendix Care and maintenance ■ If you suspect wa ter has go tten inside the ca mera, remove the battery and card . Allow all componen ts to ai r - dry for at least 24 hours before u sing the camera. ■ Blow gently on the lens or LCD to remove dust and di rt. Wipe gently with a soft, lint-free cloth or an untreated [...]

Appendix www .kodak.com/go/sup port 59 remanufactured materials . If it is necessary to replace the entire Product, it may be replaced with a remanufactured Produc t. Remanufactured Products , parts and materials are warr anted for the remaining warran ty term of the original Product, or 90 days after the da te of repair or replace ment, whichever [...]

60 www .kodak.com/g o/support Appendix Outside the United States and Canada In countries other than the United States and Canada, th e terms and cond itions of this warr anty may be different. Unless a spec ific K odak warr anty is communicated to the purchaser in writing by a K odak company , no warranty o r liability exists beyond any minimum req[...]

Appendix www .kodak.com/go/sup port 61 Canadian DOC statement DOC Class B Compliance— T his Class B digital apparatus comp lies with Canadian ICES-003. Observation des normes-Classe B— Cet appareil numérique de la clas se B est conforme à la norm e NMB-003 du Canada. Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment labeling/battery disposal Australi[...]

62 www .kodak.com/g o/support Appendix China RoHS Russian GOST-R Eastman K odak Company Rochester , NY 14650 AIO-40[...]

www .kodak.com/go/sup port 63 Index 1 A A/V out, 11 about this cam e ra, 6 accessories, 2 battery, 5 buying, 1 SD/SDHC card, 3 advanced digital zoom, 5 AF control, 2 apertu re priority, 1 1 appendix, 1 auto enhancemen t, 6 flash, 7 focus framing marks, 1 B backlight, 4 battery life, 5 loading, 1 beach, 4 bookmarks, 8 burst, using, 13 button burst, [...]

64 www .kodak.com/g o/support Index doing more wit h your camera, 1 download pictur es, 1 E EASYSHARE Software, installing, 1 emailing pictures, videos, 6 error messages, 5 exposure brack eting interval, 3 compensation, 11, 14 metering, 3 external video device viewing pictures , videos, 11 F favorites tagg ing, 7 fireworks, 4 firmware, upgradin g, [...]

www .kodak.com/go/sup port 65 Index software on, 1 magnify a picture, 1 maintenance , camera, 6 make picture from video, 7 manner/museum, 4 manual, 11 memory inserting card, 3 storage capacity, 4 mode dial, 3 modes apertu re priority, 1 1 manual, 11 shutter priority, 11 modes, capt ure high ISO, 3 SCN (scene), 3 smart capture, 3 video, 3 multimedia[...]

66 www .kodak.com/g o/support Index setting, 5 using, 2 R r e a d y l i g h t ,1 ,4 recycling, disposal, 6, 10 red-eye, flash, 7 regulatory information, 9 repair, 1 reset camera, 6 review button, 1 reviewing pictures/videos after taking, 1 as you tak e them, 2 deleting, 2 protecting, 3 slide show, 9 running a slide show, 9 S scene mode s, 4 backlig[...]

www .kodak.com/go/sup port 67 Index self-timer, 9 sharpness, 3 sound volume, 5 tag, 4 video out, 6 video size, 1 white balance, 2 sharpness, 3 shutter button, 1 priority, 11 problem s, 2 self-timer delay, 9 speed, 11 single AF, 2 slide show continuous loop, 10 problem s, 2 running, 9 smart capture, 3 snow, 4 software installing, 1 upgr ading, 4 sou[...]

68 www .kodak.com/g o/support Index copying, 13 emailing tagged, 6 out, 6 protecting, 3 review icons, 14 reviewing, 1 size, 1 storage capacities, 4 transfer, 1 viewing, 1 video bookmarks, 8 viewing by multi-up, 12 viewing picture/video after taking, 2, 1 volume, adjusting, 5 W warranty, 6 WEEE, 10 white balance , 2 wide angle button, 1 WINDOWS OS-b[...]