Novatel OM-20000077 manual

OM-20000077 Rev 3 SUPERSTAR II User Manual[...]

2 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 SUPERST AR II User Manual Publication Number: OM-20000077 Revision Level: 3 Revision Date: 2004/03/11 Propriet ary Notice Information in this document is subject to chan ge with out notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of NovAtel Inc. The software described in this document is furnished under a li[...]

SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 3 T able of Content s Software License 7 Customer Service 9 Notices 10 Warranty Policy 12 Foreword 13 1 Introduction 14 1.1 SUPERSTAR II GPS Card ............... ................ ................ .................... ................ ................ ... ...... 14 1.2 FlexPak-SSII .............. .... ... ............[...]

4 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 T able of Contents 4.4.1 Mask Angle........... ... ... ................ .... ... ... ................ ... .... ... ................ ... ... .... ................ ......... ... 31 4.4.2 GPS Antenna Position.......... ... ................ ... .... ... ... ... ................. ... ... ... ... ................. ... ..[...]

Ta b l e s SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 5 1 Related Publications ................. ................... ................ ................ .................... ................ . ........... 13 2 Minimum J1 Connections ...... ............. .................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ...... 22 3 Use of D[...]

6 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 Figures 1 SUPERSTAR II Receiver .................... ................ .................... ................ ................ ................. ..... 14 2 FlexPak-SSI I Enclosure ... ................ ................ ................ .................... ................ ................ . ........ 15 3 Receiver Blo[...]

SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 7 Sof tware License Software License BY INST ALLING , COPYING , OR OTHER WISE US ING THE SOFTW ARE PRODUCT , YOU AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT . IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT , DO NOT INST ALL , COPY OR USE THE SOFTW ARE PRODUCT . 1. License: NovAtel Inc. ("NovAtel") [...]

8 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 Sof tware License disk) on which the software is contained wi ll be free from defects in materials and workm a nshi p. This warranty does not cover damage caused by impro per us e or neglect. NovAtel does not warrant the contents of the software or that it will be erro r fr ee. T he soft ware is furnished "AS [...]

SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 9 Customer Service Customer Service Cont act Information If you have any q uestions or concerns regarding y our SUPERST AR II, please contact NovAtel Customer Service using any one of the following methods: NovAtel GPS Hotline: 1-800-NOV A TEL (U.S. or Canada) 403-295-4900 (Intern ational) Fax: 403-295-4901 E-mail: s[...]

10 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 Notices Notices The following notices apply to the SUPERST AR II card. The receiver operates within the perfor mance requirements s pecified herein. Electrostati c Discharge This equipment contains components which are sensiti ve to dam a ge by electrostat ic discharge (ESD). A label bearing an ESD marking ap pear[...]

Notices SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 1 1 WARNING: Changes or modificat ions to this equipment not expressly approved by No vAtel Inc. could result in violation of Part 15 of the FCC rules. CE Notice The enclosures carry the CE mark. WARNING: This is a Class B product . In a domestic environment this product may cause radio interference in which [...]

12 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 W arranty Policy Warranty Policy NovAtel Inc. warrants that its Globa l Positioning System (GPS) products ar e free from defects in materials and workmanship, subject to the conditions set fo rth below , for the following periods of time: SUPERST AR II GPSCard Receiver One (1) Y ear FlexPak-SSII One (1) Y ear GPSA[...]

SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 13 Foreword Foreword Congratulations! Thank you for purchasing a SUPERST AR II receiver . Wh ether you hav e purchased a stand alo ne GPS card, a packaged receiver or a development ki t, this user manual defines the de sign, operational, p hysical, interface, functional and performance re quirements for the receiver [...]

14 SUPERST AR II Us er Manual Rev 3 Chapter 1 Introduction The SUPERST AR II, see Figure 1 below , is a quality GPS receive r for embedded applications. The SUPERST AR II has robust signal tracking capability even under difficult signal conditio ns. The SUPERST AR II is a complete GPS OEM sensor th at provi des 3D navigation on a single compact boa[...]

Introduction Chapter 1 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 15 • Operating temperature range of -30 ° C to +75 ° C • 1PPS output aligned on GPS T i me + 200 ns • 1Hz measurement output aligned on GPS T ime • Support for 62 predefined datums • Field-upgradeable firmware (stored in Flash memory ) through the TTL serial port • Code and Carrie[...]

16 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 Chapter 1 Introduction • Low power consumption • T wo RS-232 serial p orts • PPS output • Configurable mark inputs • Indicators for position, communication status and power If you purchased a SUPERST AR II Deve lopm ent Kit , the following is also provided with your FlexPak-SSII: • 1 Deutsch to DB-9 se[...]

SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 17 Chapter 2 Receiver S pecifications 2.1 System Architecture Figur e 3 below depicts the block diagram of the receiver assembly . Figure 3: Receiver Block Diagram 2.2 Physical Characteristics This section applies to the OE M board version of the receiver . For details on the physical charact eristics of the FlexPak-[...]

18 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 Chapter 2 Receiver Specifications digital converter , a 16-bit system processor , memory , control and configuration logic, si gnal processing circuitry , serial peripheral devices, and supporting circui try . The digital section p erforms the transl ations and calculations n ecessary to convert the IF analog sign[...]

SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 19 Chapter 3 Inst allation This section covers the installation of the receiver . NovAtel’ s Sta r Vie w graphical user interface software running on a PC allows you to cont rol the receiver and to display its outputs. See Section B.3, StarV iew Software Installation starting on Page 55 for its inst allation instru[...]

20 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 Chapter 3 Installation In order for the SUPERST AR II to perform optimally , the followi ng additional equipmen t is required : • NovAtel GPS antenna • NovAtel coaxial cable • Regulated power supply providing +5 VDC • A wiring harness to provide power (connected to J1) as an interface for power , communica[...]

Installation Chapter 3 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 21 3.2.2 Power Connection The input range for a SUPERST AR II card is either 3. 3 VDC or 5 VDC depending on your model. The input range required f or the FlexPak-SSII is +6 to +18 VDC. 3.3 Inst allation Considerations The FlexPak receiver is waterproof. The SUPERST AR II bare card must be mount[...]

22 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 Chapter 3 Installation 3.3.3 Data Link The data link for differential operation must operate at a minimal rate of 9600 bps. 3.3.4 Base S tation and Rover Units Separation The operational range of carrier-pha se dif ferential measurements is limited to about 20 km, after which significant accuracy degradation can o[...]

Installation Chapter 3 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 23 Interface between SUPERST AR II and customer application: Suggested 2 inch ribbon cable: TCSD-10-D-2.00-01-N or Suggested 12 inch ribbon cable with only one connect or in stalled: TCSD-10-S-12.0-01-N Suggested mating connector: TCSD-10-01-N or PCB mounted connect o r: SQT -1 10-01- L- D 1 Co[...]

24 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 Chapter 3 Installation Interface between SUPERST AR II and customer application: Suggested Supplier: Omni Spectra Supplier part number: 5831-5001-10 or Suggested Supplier: Suhner Supplier part number: 1 1MCX-50-2-10C or Suggested Supplier: Radiall Supplier part number: R1 13082. The center conductor provides power[...]

Installation Chapter 3 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 25 T able 3: Use of Discretes If you use NMEA, the SUPERST AR II offers you the option of setting t he I/O operating mode to NMEA through discrete input levels. Disc_IP2 an d D isc_IP3 have the following functions: T able 4: Discretes IP2 and IP3 funct ions Discrete inputs are also shown in byt[...]

26 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 Chapter 3 Installation 3.5.1 Non V olatile Memory The receiver stores diff erent types of information used to accelerate th e TTFF and to configure the I/O in NVM. See T able 5 below for a partial list of th e data stored in NVM. T able 5: Non-V olatile Memory Dat a 3.6 Default Configuration Below is the SUPERST A[...]

Installation Chapter 3 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 27 3.7 Inst allation Overview Once you have selected t he appropriate equipment, co mplete the following steps to set up and begin using you r NovAtel SUPERST AR II receiver . 1. If your receiver has been provided as a GPS card wit hout an enclosure, install the card in an enclosure to reduce e[...]

28 SUPERST AR II Us er Manual Rev 3 Chapter 4 Operation Before operating the receiver for the first time, ensure th at you have followe d the installation instructions in Chapter 3, Installation starting on Page 19. The following instructions are ba sed on a configuration such as that shown in Figur e 6 . It is assumed that a personal computer is u[...]

Operation Chapter 4 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 29 4.1 Communications with the Receiver Communication with the recei ver is straightforwar d, and consists of issuing commands thro ugh th e communication ports from an external serial communications device. This could be either a terminal or an IBM-compatible PC that is directly connected to the [...]

30 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 Chapter 4 Operation or XYZ Solution , window shows Nav 3-D, Diff. 3-D or Dead Reckoning. If it sho ws Initialized there is no vali d position yet. The FlexPak-SSII uses a comprehensive message interface. Input messages can be sent to the receiver using the Xmit Msg menu in StarV iew . The following information is [...]

Operation Chapter 4 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 31 4.3 Dat a Request s Data may be requested for o utput by the receiver for di sp lay or logg ing pu rposes. The list of data request commands and data messages i s detailed in the L1 GPS Firmwar e Refer ence Manual . 4.4 Configurable Parameters Several parameters of the receiver and the base sta[...]

32 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 Chapter 4 Operation The receiver switches between modes au tomatically . The receiver reports on its host port the current operating and navigation modes. 1. Self-T est Mode The receiver enters Self-T est mode upon reques t from an external so urce (please refer to Message ID# 51, Initiated BIT in the L1 GPS Firmw[...]

Operation Chapter 4 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 33 mode only . The receiver reports its curren t navigation sub-mode on its host port.  Y our receiver must be a BASE model to act as a base s tation. A list of models is in Appendix A of the L1 GPS Firmwar e Refer ence Manual and in our Price List available from the Sales side menu of our webs[...]

34 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 Chapter 4 Operation 4.7 DA T UM Support The receiver has the ability to provide its position in one of the 62 predefined datums. The list of the supported datum and details on Message ID# 88, Select /Def ine Datum to Use are provided in the L1 GPS Firmwar e Refer ence Manual . The receiver can also support tw o us[...]

SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 35 Chapter 5 Message Format s The chapter discusses the industry-standard message formats that can be used with your SUPERST AR II receiver , inc luding R TCM and NMEA. Refer to the L1 GPS Firmwar e Refer ence Manual for more information on using these message formats. 5.1 RTCM-Format Messages The Radio T echnical Co[...]

36 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 Chapter 5 Message Format s computed by the base station generat ing this T ype 1 me ssage. The message is of variable length, depending on the number of satellites visible and pse udoranges correct ed by the base station. Satellite specific data be gins at word 3 of the message. T ype 1 messages contain the follow[...]

Message Format s Chapter 5 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 37 T ype 9 messages contain the following inform ation for a group of three satelli tes in view at the base station: • Scale factor • User Differential Range Error • Satellite ID • Pseudorange correction • Range-rate correction • Issue of Data (IOD) 5.2 NMEA Format Dat a Message[...]

38 SUPERST AR II Us er Manual Rev 3 Chapter 6 Positioning Modes of Operation The following single frequency modes of operation are described further in this chapter: • Single Point or Autonomous • Satellite-Based Augmentat ion System (SBAS) See Appendix G , GPS Overview on Page 67 for an overview of GPS positioning. 6.1 Single-Point or Autonomo[...]

Positioning Modes of Operatio n Chapter 6 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 39 OCXO, and so on). • Multipath Sign al Reception – Multipath signal reception can po tentially cause lar ge pseudorange and carrier phase measurement biases. Multipath conditions are very much a function of specific antenna site locati on versus local geograph y and man[...]

40 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 Chapter 6 Positioning Modes of Operation maintained close to GPS time to provide a ranging capability . Figure 7: The SBAS Concept 6.2.1 SBAS Receiver NovAtel SUPERST AR II-based receivers are equipped with an SBAS feature. The ab ility to simultaneously track two SBAS satellites, and incorpor ate the SBAS correct[...]

Positioning Modes of Operatio n Chapter 6 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 41 134. 4. Select S tatus | SBAS from the W indow menu to see the number of valid SBAS messages that are being decoded for a specific SV number since the last power -up. When the V alid Messages count is not incrementing, it m eans that either the receiver is not tracking any[...]

42 SUPERST AR II Us er Manual Rev 3 Chapter 7 T roubleshooting When your receiver appears not to be working properly , often there are simple wa ys to diagnose and resolve the problem. In many cases, the issue can be resolved within a few minutes, avoidi ng the hassle an d loss of productivity that results from having to return your receiver for re[...]

T roubleshoo ting Chapter 7 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 43 • V erify DGPS base station is actually transmitting DGPS correcti ons and base data is being received by the SUPERST AR II. 4. If you are not receiving expected messages from the SUPERST AR II: • V erify transmit message settin gs (i.e. receiver's output confi guration or requ[...]

44 SUPERST AR II Us er Manual Rev 3 Appendix A T echnical S pecifications A.1 SUPERST AR II Family Performance A.2 SUPERST AR II GPS Card PERFORMANCE* Position Accuracy: DGPS <1 m (CEP) Single Point <5 m (CEP) SBAS <1.5 m (CEP) Time to First Fix: Hot start: 15 s typical, with curr ent almanac, position, time and ephemeris W arm start: 45 s[...]

T echnical Specifications Appendix A SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 45 * Specifications are subject to change without notice Input Messages: COM1: NMEA or proprietary binary COM2: RTCM SC-104 types 1, 2, and 9 Output Messages : COM1: NMEA or proprietary binary (NMEA types GGA, GSA, GSV , RMC, ZDA, GLL plus proprietary messages) Time Mark Output: 1[...]

46 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 Appendix A T echnical Specifications A.2.1 Mechanical Drawing Figur e 8 shows the SUPERST AR II OEM board outlin e. Figure 8: SUPERST AR II Dimensions[...]

T echnical Specifications Appendix A SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 47 A.2.2 Connector Pin Assignment Ta b l e 7 shows the Interface and Power connector J1 pin assignment. T able 7: J1 Interfaces and Po wer Connector Pin Assignme nt J1 PIN # SIGNAL NAME FUNC TION 1 PREAMP Power for active antenna (40 mA max) 2 VCC Primary power (3.3V o r 5.0V -0.5[...]

48 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 Appendix A T echnical Specifications A.2.3 I/O Electrical Characteristics Ta b l e 8 shows the vol tage level limits for the different I/O signals: T able 8: I/O Signals V oltage Limit s 1. A LO pulse of 150 ns minimum will invoke a master reset to the receiver . 2. Conditions: 5 V ± 0.25 V (for all limits) SIGNA[...]

SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 49 Appendix B FlexPak-SSII Specifications B.1 FlexPak-SSII INPUT/OUTPUT CONNECTORS Antenna Waterproof TNC female jack, 50 Ω nominal impedance +4.25 to +5.25 VDC, 90 mA max (output from FlexPak to antenna/LNA) Power 3-pin waterp roof Deutsch connect or (Deu tsch PN 59065-09-98PN) Input Voltag e: +6 to +18 VDC Power [...]

50 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 Appendix B FlexPak-SSII Specifications B.1.1 S tatus Indicators The FlexPak-SSII provides the st atus indicators shown in T able 9 . T able 9: FlexPak S t atus Indica tor s B.1.2 Port Pin-Outs The pin numbering for each of the ports, is described in T able 10 . T able 10: FlexPa k CO M Po rts Pin-Out Descripti o n[...]

FlexPak-SSII Specifications Appendix B SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 51 B.1.3 Cables B.1.3.1 Automobile Power Adapter Cable (NovAtel p art number 01017374) The power adapter cable supplied with the FlexPak provides a convenient m e an s for supplying +12 V DC while operating from an automobile. The figure below shows the cable and a wiring diagra[...]

52 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 Appendix B FlexPak-SSII Specifications B.1.3.2 13-Pin Deut sch to DB9 Serial Cable (Nov Atel p art number 0101737 5) The null-modem serial cable shown be low provides a means of interfacing between the COM1 or COM2 port on the FlexPak and another serial communications device, such as a PC. At the FlexPak end, the [...]

FlexPak-SSII Specifications Appendix B SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 53 B.2 Development Kit The SUPERST AR II Development Kit al lows you to easily evaluate the L1 GPS receiver . The Development Kit implements the receiver control operation and I/O functions of th e receiver using a PC, a serial cable, an external GPS antenna, and a power cable w[...]

54 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 Appendix B FlexPak-SSII Specifications B.2.2.2 DGPS Setup wi th the FlexPak-SSII Set up the equipment as in Figur e 1 1 on Page 54 , for dif f erential messages. Dif fer ential operation requires that stations operate in pairs. Each pair consists of a base station and a rover station. Fo r each receiver , the base[...]

FlexPak-SSII Specifications Appendix B SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 55 B.3 S t arV iew Sof tware Installation Once the receiver is connected to the PC, antenna, and power supply, install the StarView software . The StarView CD is supplied with the development kits , oth erwise StarView is available on our website (see belo w ). From CD: 1. Start[...]

56 SUPERST AR II Us er Manual Rev 3 Appendix C Antenna Specifications The GPS antenna is an important part of the total system performance and its selection should b e based on your application. The L1 GPS receivers include a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) before the RF ASIC. This +20 dB LNA permits reasonable performances with a passive GPS antenna. Bu[...]

Antenna Specifications Appendix C SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 57 T able 12: Antenna Ga in Depending on Cab le Length Required The +26 dB and +36 dB antenna can accept a supply volt age between 5 and 18 VDC. It is recommended to compute the drop in the coaxial cabl e so the active antenna will always see the minimum operating voltage of 4.5 V ol[...]

58 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 Appendix C Antenna Specifications T able 14: Recommende d Geodetic Active Antenn as The antenna gain should be selected depending on the cab le loss between the antenna and the receiver . Prices and availability can be found in the latest Price List on our websit e. C. 3 Active Antenna Lower cost antennas for high[...]

Antenna Specifications Appendix C SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 59 T able 16 : Passive A ntenna Speci fications (P atch El ement) Lower cost antennas for higher volume ap plications or for more cost sensit ive applications are available. L1 GPS receivers are manufactured by implementing a 20 dB LNA on board . For this reason, in many cost sensiti[...]

60 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 Appendix C Antenna Specifications Figure 13: GPS Antenna 201- 990147-606 (+26 dB) Figure 14: Coax ia l Cab l e A ss e mbl y[...]

Antenna Specifications Appendix C SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 61 Figure 15: GPS Antenna 201-990 147-432 (1575 MHz) and 201-990144-807 (Pre-Amplifier)[...]

62 SUPERST AR II Us er Manual Rev 3 Appendix D S t andards/References RTCM STANDARDS REFER ENCE For detailed specifications of RTCM, refer to RTCM SC104 Version 2.1 of "RTCM Recommended Standards For Differential NAVSTAR GPS Service", January 3, 1994 Radio Technical Commission For Maritime Services 1800 Diagonal Road, Suite 600 Alexandria[...]

SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 63 Appendix E TTFF and Satellite Acquisition E.1 T ime-T o-First-Fix (TTFF) The receiver enters Navigation mode, see Operational S tates on Page 31 , and provides valid ou tputs in less than 50 seconds after completion of th e self-test and the fo llow ing initialization criteria have been met: 1. V alid time ( ± 10[...]

64 SUPERST AR II Us er Manual Rev 3 Appendix F Updating Receiver Firmware The software update u tility is specially designed to provide an easy way to update your SUPER ST AR II software and model. The softw are p ackage includes th e foll owing items: • An update utility , u sually called update.ex e (may be named ot herwise) • An activation k[...]

Updating Receiver Firmware Appendix F SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 65 Figure 17: Paste the Re gistration Ke y into the DOS Window F .4 Registration Key Accepted A message confirms the U pdate software utili ty activation once the key has been entered, see Figur e 18 below . Press any key , for example <Enter>, to exit. Figure 18: Configura[...]

66 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 Appendix F Updating Receiver Firm ware F .5.1 Programming Success The Update utility co nfirms programming success at the end of the programming session, see Figure 20 below . At this point, remove po wer from your GPS receiver . Figure 20: End of Programming Session[...]

SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 67 Appendix G GPS Overview The Global Positioning Syst em (GPS) is a satellite navigation system capable of provid ing a highly accurate, continuous global navigat ion service independent of ot her posit ioning aids. GPS provides 24-hour, al l-weather, worldwide coverage with position, velocity and tim ing in form at[...]

68 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 Appendix G GPS Overview (Precision) which is encrypted for military an d other auth orized users. The L2 car rier is modulated only with the P code. G . 1.2 The Control Segment The control segment consists of a master control station, five base stati ons and three data up-loading st ations in locations all around [...]

GPS Overview Appendix G SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 69 Figure 22: Illustration of Receiver He ight Measurement s From the above diagram , and the formula h = H + N, to convert h eights between the el lipsoid and geoid we require the geoid-ellipsoid separati on valu e. This valu e is not easy to determine. A world-wide mod e l is generally used [...]

70 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 Appendix G GPS Overview Figure 23: Accuracy versus Prec is ion 1 G . 3.1 Single-Po int vs. Relative Positioning In single-point positioning, coordinates of a GP S receiver at an unknown location are sought with respect to the earth's reference frame by using the known positions of GPS satellites being tracked[...]

GPS Overview Appendix G SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 71 Figure 24: Example of Differential Positioning G . 3.2 Static vs. Kinematic Positioning St a t i c and kinematic position ing refer to whether a GPS receiver is stat ionary or in motion while collecting GPS data. G . 3.3 Real-time vs. Post-m ission Data Processing Real-time or post-mission [...]

72 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 Appendix G GPS Overview Figure 25: Illustration of GPS Signal Multip ath G . 4.1 Why Does Multipath Occur? When the GPS signal is emitted from the satellite antenna, the RF signal propagates away from the antenn a in many directions. Because the RF signal is emitted in many dir ections simultaneously and is travel[...]

GPS Overview Appendix G SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 73 present to some degree, due to real world conditions. When a GPS multipath signal conv er ges at the GPS antenna, there ar e two primary problems that occur: 1. a multiple signal with amplitude and ph ase shifti ng, and 2. a multiple signal wi th differing ranges. When a direct signal and m[...]

74 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 Appendix G GPS Overview Figure 26: GPS Signal Multip ath vs. Incre ased Antenna Height When the antenna is in an environm ent wit h obstructi ons and reflect i ve su rfaces in the vicinity , it is advantageous to mount the antenna as high as possible to reduce the obstructions, as well as reception from reflective[...]

GPS Overview Appendix G SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 75 Figure 27: Illustration of Quadrifi lar vs. Microstrip Patch Antennas G .4.3.3 Antenna Ground Planes Nearby objects can influence the radia tion pattern of an antenna. Thus, one of the roles of the antenna ground plane is to create a stabilizing artificial environmen t on whi ch the antenna[...]

76 SUPERST AR II Us er Manual Rev 3 Appendix H Glossary of T erms ASCII - A 7 bit wid e serial code describin g numbers, uppe r and lower case alpha ch aracters, special and non- printing characters. Almanac - a set of orbit parameters that allows calcula tion of approximate GPS satellite positio ns and velocities. The almanac is used by a GPS rece[...]

Glossary of T erms Appendix H SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 77 Figure of Merit - The receiver provides an es timated accuracy level. The accur acy level estimate is provided in the horizontal and vertical Fi gure of Merit (FOM). The FOM reflects a 95% confidence level for the position solution accuracy estimate. The FOM accounts for all majo r so[...]

78 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 Appendix H Glossary of T erms P-Code (precise or pr otected) - a spread spectrum direct sequence code that is used primarily by military GPS receivers to determine the range to the transmitting GPS satellite. Uses a chipping rate of 10.23 MHz. PDOP - Position Dilution of Precision - A nu merical value expressing t[...]

Glossary of T erms Appendix H SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 79 V ariable field - by NMEA standards, a data field which may or may not cont ain a decim al poin t and which may vary in precision following th e decimal point depending on the re quirements and th e accuracy of the measuring device. WGS-84 - W orld Geodeti c System 1984 is an ellipsoi[...]

80 SUPERST AR II Us er Manual Rev 3 Appendix I Acronyms 1PPS One Pulse Per Second 2D T wo Dimensional 3D Three Dimensional A/D Analog-to-Digital ASCII American Standard Code for Informati on Interchange BIT Built-In T est bps Bits per Second C/A Code Coarse/Acquisition Code CEP Circular Error Probable C/N 0 Carrier to Noise Density Ratio CPU Centra[...]

Acronyms Appendix I SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 81 Hz Hertz ICD Interface Control Document IF Intermediate Fr equency IM Intermodulation I/O Input/Output LF Line Feed LNA Low Noise Amplifier msb Most significant bit ms millisecond MHz MegaHertz NA VST AR Navigation System with T iming and Ranging NMEA Nati onal Marine Electronics Association ns[...]

82 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 Appendix I Acronyms SNR Signal-to-N oise Ratio SPS Standard Positioning Service SRAM Static Random Access Memory SV Space V e hicle TCXO T emperature Compensated Crystal Oscillator TDOP T ime Dilution Of Precision TTFF T ime- T o-First-Fix UTC Universal T ime Coordinated VDOP V ertical Dilution of Precision VFOM V[...]

SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 83 Index A accuracy, 44 multipath, 71–73 navigation, 36 positioning, 38, 54 acquisition, 32, 44 acronyms, 81 active antenna, 22, 24 aligned mode, 26 almanac, 24, 26, 32, 63, 68 ambiguity, pseudorange, 73 antenna, 22, 56–57 active, 17, 22, 24, 58 base station, 21 design, 73–74 gain, 56 passive, 59 power, 18, 24,[...]

84 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 Index in single-point positioning, 70 multipath, 73 external oscillator, 36 F fault mode, 33 features, 14, 29 figure of merit (FOM), 14, 77 firmware update, 9 fix, 54 FlexPak-SSII, 15, 30, 54 formats, 37 frequency, 44, 75 G GEO, SBAS, 39 Geodetic Survey of Canada, 62 glossary, 76, 78 GPS antenna, 12 overview, 67, [...]

Index SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 85 performance, 44 phase lock, 73 polarity, 72 poor reception, 74 port, 20, 23, 29, 36 position, 24, 26, 44, 54 power, 44 antenna, 24 apply, 63 connector, 51 up, 30 preamplifier, 24 precision, 68–70 processing, 68–69 circuitry, 18 post-mission, 71 propagation, 38, 71–73 protocol, 26 pseudorange correction[...]

86 SUPERST AR II User Manual Rev 3 Index W warm start, 24 warnings, 11, 18 warranty, 12, 18, 20 website, 62 weight, 45[...]

OM-20000077 Rev 3 2004/03/1 1[...]