Samsung SNP-1000A manual

Thank you for purchasing a SAMSUNG iPOLiS Network Camera. Bef ore attempting to connect or operate this product, please read these instructions carefully and save this manual for future use. 10X PTZ Network Camera SNP-1000A User’s Manual ENGLISH Real-time Real-time Network Dynamic 10X Pan & Tilt[...]

[...]

   Preface Thanks for purchasing of 10X PT Z Network Camera SNP-1000A. This is a user instruction manua l for a 10X PTZ Network Camera SNP-1000A that em ploys Samsung T echwin’ s WINNER Ⅲ DSP system with superior low light capability . The user who installs and operates the product shall be aware of this manual and[...]

[...]

   Content s Preface .............................................................................. i Contents ........................................................................... 1 Note to User ..................................................................... 5 Product W arranty and Limitations .........[...]

   3.3. Network configuration and connection method ....... 32 3.3.1. Configuration /connection using Web page ............. 32 Ch4. How to Use Web Viewer............................................... 37 4.1. How to Use Web Viewer..............[...]

   5.2.4. Ex posure ................................................................ 75 5.2.5. Back Ligh t .............................................................. 76 5.2.6. AGC ....................................................................... 77 5.2.7. SSNR (Samsung S uper Noise R eduction) ............[...]

   5.5.5. Ar ea Name ............................................................. 93 5.5.6. PTZ Posi ti on .......................................................... 94 5.5.7. Language ...........................................................[...]

   Note to User This machine’ s electro m agnetic waves have been registered as suitable for business purposes; t he retailer and consumer should be aware of this registration. I f in the case of wrongful purchases, please exchange the product for a home use product. Correct Disposal of This Product (W[...]

   Samsung T echwin cares for th e environment at all product manufacturing stages to preserv e the environment, and is t aking a numb er of step s to provide customers w ith more environment-friendly products.The Eco mark represent s Samsung T [...]

   Correct disposal of batt eries in this product (Applicable in the European Union and other European countries with sepa rate battery return systems.) This marking on the battery , m anual or packaging indicates that the batteries in this product should not be disposed of with other household waste at [...]

   Product W arranty and Limitations The manufacturers of this product do not take any responsibility for this product; therefore, the ma nufacturer does not authorize the third-party , but allows that retailer is responsible. The product warran[...]

    W arning Symbols Before attempting to connect or operate this product, please read these instructions carefully and save this ma nual for future use. Danger : Misuse or wrongful operation of the product may result in death , injury or bring a bout other fat al results. It indi cates absolu t[...]

   y There is risk of shock or fire; be sure to avoid setup in places with high humidity . y T o prevent shocks, please connect the ground wire. y Do not install the camera on a surface that can not support it. y Unless the surface is suitabl[...]

   y Random replacement of built-in battery by ot her types of batteries may cause explosion. The battery shall be replaced by the same battery . The lithium ba ttery incorporated in this product is not user replaceable. Replacement of the lithium battery will be done by a trained technician. For information on its [...]

   y Do not install under unstable lighting conditions. Severe lighting changes or flickering may hinder normal camera operation. y Do not drop the camera or subject it to phy sical shock. May cause a product malfunction. y Never keep the cam[...]

 C C h h 1 1 . . O O v v e e r r v v i i e e w w[...]

   1.1. 10X PTZ Network Camera SNP-1000A Introduction The SNP-1000A is a high-tech network camera that uses MPEG-4 codec technology to allow high compression rates and clear picture quality by allowing for high frame rates to be transmitted t[...]

   • Auto Sw ing Pan or T ilt is operated in sequence between 2designated positions. • Group Search Maximum 128 Preset positions are toured in order . • T our Search Maximum 6 Group Search functions are toured in order .  Proportional P/T Even when the Zoom-In function is On for th e Pan a[...]

    128 Preset Position A maximum of 1 28 Preset positions can be set up. This function enables users to set up the monitoring place any time.  Digit al Flip When you want to monitor the moving object below the camera, you can execute t[...]

 C C h h 2 2 . . S S e e c c t t i i o o n n n n a a m m e e s s a a n n d d f f u u n n c c t t i i o o n n s s[...]

   2.1. Body 2.2. Rear panel  Power Connector  A udio Input Connector  A udio Output Connector  A larm Input/Output Connector  Network Connector[...]

    2.3. Connection to external terminal[...]

   Alarm Connection T erminal PIN NO. NAME Purpose #1 - Not Used. #2 - Not Used. #3 - Not Used. #4 S1 Alarm Input 1 #5 S2 Alarm Input 2 #6 G GND #7 +V DC 12V #8 NO Alarm Output(NO) #9 NC Alarm Output(NC) #10 CM Alarm Output(COM)[...]

 C C h h 3 3 . . I I n n s s t t a a l l l l a a t t i i o o n n a a n n d d N N e e t t w w o o r r k k S S e e t t u u p p[...]

   3.1. Component s and A ccessories  Accessories  Products Sold Sep arately The following products are provided separately . y Accessory Housing  Wall T ype Mount : STB-280PW  Wall T ype Mount : STB-230PW  Dome Housing : STH-1[...]

   3.2. Installation 3.2.1. Preparation for Cable T o install and use the SNP-1000A, the following cable s should be used. y Power Adapter Cable The cable connected to the pow er input terminal of SNP- 1000A is shown below with a rated voltage of DC 12V 4A. y V ideo Cable The BNC cable [...]

   y Lan Network Cable The cable connected to the ne twork device of SNP-1000A for Network communication is shown below . Note  Video cable and LAN netw ork cable are not provided in this product’ s package.  BNC connection te rminal [...]

   3. For the network connection of the SNP-1000A, connect the LAN Cable as the figure below shows. 4. Then, connect the Powe r Adapter Cable. Use a driver (-) to screw one part of the Power Adapter consisting of two lines to the Power Input T erminal of the camera holder . 5. Connect t[...]

   3.2.3. Installation of SNP-1000A  Precautions for Installation  Check that the inst allation loca tion can safely bear four ti mes the weight of the camera and its in stallation fittings.  When fixing the ceiling inst allation bra[...]

   3.2.4. Installing the SNP-1000A on a Ceilin g 1. Prepare the accessories in the camera box (power adapter, installation template, audio extension cable, 1 loose-proof screw , 3 installation bracket fixing sc rews, 2 installation brackets, installation cover , installation CD) and a t[...]

   the template so that the fron t of the template is in line with the cam era direction.  Caution: Since there is a danger of the product falling during install ation, take care not to allow anyone to stand below the in stallation area. 3[...]

   3.2.5. Installing the SNP-1000A Wall Mount 1. Prepare the accessories in the camera box (power adapter, audio extension cable, 2 installation brackets, 1 loose-proof screw , installation CD, installation cover) and the wall mount(STB- 280PW or STB- 230PW) and 3 in stallation bracket [...]

   the template so that the fron t of the template is in line with the cam era direction.  Caution: Since there is a danger of the product falling during install ation, take care not to allow anyone to stand below the in stallation area. 3[...]

   5. T o complete installation, rotate the installation cover along the groove of the ceiling attachment bracket, and fix it. 3.2.6. Installing the Dome Housing (ST H-1000PI) T o install the Dome Housing (STH-1000PI), fix it instead of installing the cover in the last st ep “3.2.4. I[...]

   3.3. Network configuration a nd connection me thod 3.3.1. Configuration/co nnectio n using Web page Use when there is one 10X PTZ Network Camera SNP-1000A to be installed. 1. Please connect user’s PC to 10X PT Z Network Camera SNP- 1000A[...]

    3. After pressing internet protocol ( TCP/IP) properties, pr ess the ‘advanced’ button to go into advanced configurations. 4. The IP address of IP setting tap can be added as "192.1[...]

   Note D e f a u l t v a l u e i s I D : a d m i n , P W : 11111111 7. Please configure according to the network environment where 10X PTZ Network Camera SNP-1000A will be installed and push <Save> button to save the configuration.[...]

     LAN / xDSL/ DHCP Configuration Item Description LAN Use When network prod uct is connected to normal local LAN or when connected to st atic IP , the network data to be allotted to the IP[...]

   Note Use SWR changes it s IP add ress every time the user attempts to conne ct to the ISP and when th e product is connected to a cable modem or x DSL modem. In this case, the user cannot know the ch anged IP address. When a product that u[...]

 C C h h 4 4 . . H H o o w w t t o o U U s s e e W W e e b b V V i i e e w w e e r r[...]

   4.1. How to Use Web Vie wer 4.1.1. Login T o connect to the login page, clic k the ‘move to W ebpage’ button on Network Manager or enter netw ork camera IP address on the internet web browser and press the enter key . Enter user ID and[...]

    4.1.2. Web Viewer screen W eb V iewer screen is composed of menu area for camera/video configuration and screen area for display ing input video from camera.  Controls Flip Image V ertical reversal of channel screen[...]

   Stretch Image When selecting re solution w ith Half D1 and CIF , stretches channel screen to resolu tion D1 size. Save Image Saves channel scre en to ‘JPEG file’. Quad Converts to 4 split screens (applied only to 4 chann el server). Co[...]

    Pause S tops v ideo for a while. OSD Displays related information . Displays the title Removes the title[...]

   Deinterlace On/off function of D einterlace. Screen where Deinterlace is not applied Screen where Deinterlace is not applied Note Deinterlace is a function to adjust the video quality softly by eliminating the border line w hich was made b[...]

    Camera Setup Displ ays OSD cont rol button of camera. Camera OSD control button is displayed Camera OSD is displayed Day&Night Day&Night configuration function (Color , B/W con figuration) PTZ Control PTZ control fu nction Screen where camera PTZ c[...]

   Note  The left/right slide bar can control focus (left slide bar) / zoom (right slide bar)  The “+” displayed in the middle can be pressed using the mouse as the base poi nt of the Pan / T ilt and it will Pan /T ilt according to [...]

    4.1.3. Area Zoom guide Area Zoom function supports easy and fast PTZ (Pan/Tilt/Zoom) control for the selected im age area on the monitor . Screen image of menu popped up by clicking mouse right button  Clicking mouse rig ht button deliv ers menu of Area[...]

   Screen image of new PTZ position moved by one time click.  Clicking mouse le ft button onl y controls PTZ position at Area Zoom mode. Screen image of s elected image area in the mouse dragged square  Clicking mouse le ft button and d[...]

    Screen image of e xp anded area  Releasing mouse le ft button sti mulates automatic P TZ function mode at the selected image area .  At automatic P TZ function mode, Area Zoom pointer is enlarged an d PTZ function executi on is not avai lable. Screen[...]

   Storage item Function Go to 1x Zoom Move to 1x Zoom from present PTZ positi on Previous PTZ Move to previous PTZ posi tion Forward PTZ Move to next PTZ position[...]

     4.2. Using A dministration p age 4.2.1. Initialization Screen afte r Connecting When connection is successful, the below screen will be displayed.[...]

   4.2.2. Live Please Move to W eb V iewer page [Web V iewer live s creen][...]

     4.2.3. Basic Configures basic inform ation for camera. Video/Audio Setup Item Description Compression Video compression mode (Compression mode of v ideo in the camera) Video Size If the type of inst alled camera (NTSC/P AL) is selected, t hen [...]

   Item Description Video Channel Selects the v ideo channel to be u sed in the camera. Audio-In Channel Select s whether to use the audio input channel in the camera or no t. Audio-Out Channel Selects whether to use the audio outp ut in the [...]

     4.2.4. Network Configures network inform ation of the camera. Network Configuration According to the user’ s network e nvironment, it is classified into LAN, xDSL, DHCP . Item Description LAN In case the camera is connecte d to the local net[...]

   Port/DDNS Configuration Item Description Connection Port This controls comm unication with cam era. (Default : 4000) HTTP Port/ FTP Port This helps to connect to web p age or FTP server . (Default : http=80, f t p=21) Use SWR Select if use[...]

     Item Description Administrator Password Change Change password of administrator Guest Setup User clicks ‘Guest’ button to decide whether allowing guest to connect Main View er . Current User Y ou can register new user or dele te, and set u[...]

    Example 1) In case control function i s limited (Do not check Controls box)  Pan, tilt, zoom, audio ou tput, alarm output function icon i s inactivated  Example 2) In case video function is li mited (Do not che ck V ideo)  Com[...]

     4.2.6. Pan/Tilt/Zoom Configures PTZ Swing and Preset of the camer a.[...]

   Item  Description  Channel Select the channel of camera. PTZ Display Display PTZ menu. OSD Display Display OSD. Preset Set or delete(dele te, delete all) the Preset. Screen mov e the position of Preset. Swing Surveille Pan/T ilt Swin[...]

     4.2.7. Motion Detection This sets up motion detection function of camer a. Item Description Grid Display Basic grid, used to choose area on the screen, is displayed or hidden. Select Area When selecting motion dete ction area, clic k <Selec[...]

   4.2.8. Alarm/Sensor This sets up necessary informa tion when using alarm function by attaching sensor to camera.[...]

     Alarm/Sensor Setup  Dig ita l In Setup Item Description Sensor T ype T ypes of sensors are ‘Normal open’ and ‘Normal close.’ This selects up type of conne cted senso r .  Digit al Out Setup Item Description Alarm Set up Alarm Out[...]

   Item Description Recipient E-mail Address 1 Recipient E-mail Address 2 Y ou can designate up to tw o e-mail address receiving data w hen alarm occurs. Server Name In case you u se outside e-mail server , enter the name of the outside e-mai[...]

     4.2.9. Time Current Time Item Description Date Current setup date displayed T ime Current setup time display ed Time Setup Item Description Set Manually Adjust time manually . T ime Server Set up address of time server for Server 1 - 5 .[...]

   4.2.10. LOG Recent activities made for camera a r e displayed as log. Item Description Lines Set up number of li nes of the list. View Log is viewed with number of li nes you set up most recently . Clear Delete logs.[...]

     4.2.11. Upgrade Upgrade program of 10X PTZ Network Camera SNP-1000A. System Upgrade Configuration. Item Description Firmware/Web Upgrade firmware and W eb-page o f 10X PTZ Network Camera SNP-1000A. Factory Mode Setup If you click <Reset>[...]

   4.2.12. System Reboot System is rebooted after confirmation procedure of administrator . Click <OK> button to reboot System.[...]

 C C h h 5 5 . . H H o o w w t t o o O O p p e e r r a a t t e e C C a a m m e e r r a a[...]

   5.1. OSD Menu Organization PTZ camera can be set up on the OSD (On Screen Display) m enu displayed on the video monitor .  Camera Setting P1 P2 P3 P4 Defaults  Focus Mode Auto/Manual/ One Shot AF OneShot AF Mode: On/Off ON  Zoom T[...]

     Sequence Setting P1 P2 P3 P4 Defaults  Preset  Setting  Edit  Execute  Clear  Sta tu s  Pan Swing  Setting  Ex ecute  Clear  Tilt Swing  Setting  Execute  Clear  Swing SEQ  P&T Sw ing  Setting ?[...]

    OSD Setting P1 P2 P3 P4 Default s  Camera Name  ON/OFF  Edit  ➋ Preset Number ON/OFF ➊ Position ➋ ON/OFF ON  Preset Name  ON/OFF  Edit ➍ Sequence S tatus ON/OFF ON ➎ Area Name ON/OFF OFF ➏ PTZ Position [...]

    5.2. PTZ Camera User Menu Settin gs Execution of OSD Menu : After checki ng if the camera is in manual operation mode, press the OSD Menu key . The following commands are displayed on the monitor screen. Main Menu The selection key [...]

   ➊ Focus Mode  Auto : The camera adjusts the focus a utomatically while monitoring the screen continuou sly in the auto mod e. In the au to focusing mode, zoom key opera t ion is not recognized as the input of the focus key .  Manua[...]

     When the object s in the long and short distance are unde r the same surv eillance area  When there is no cont rast (white and black) in the object (e.g. sky or wall)  When the thin horizont al line is capture d 5.2.3. Whi[...]

    AW C: Set up the lighting to the object s and correct s the right colour temperature to that of a white object. C amera works under the setup condition s. For the most appropr iate condition und er the current illumination, capture the[...]

    5.2.4. Exposure Camera exposure can be controlled. ➊ Brightness The brightness of the screen can be adjusted. ➋ Iris Auto mode or manual mode can be selected.  Auto: The brightness of the image signal can b e adjusted automat[...]

    If the Manual o r A.FLK mode is selected for the Shutter menu, the Sens-Up fu nction is disabled. ➍ Sens-Up  Auto: The low light lev el of the night or dark co ndition is de tected automatically and the bright and clear image can [...]

    5.2.6. AGC When the brightness of the image taken under dark light is under a certain level, the AGC (Automatic Ga in Control) functions to define whether to control the Ga in automatically or not.  HIGH : Gain in creased from 6d[...]

    HIGH : Noise redu ction effe ct is excellent b ut afterimage is also strong. Note When you select the AGC mod e as “OFF”, y ou cannot use the SS NR function. 5.2.8. Day & Night The darkness level is detected automatically under[...]

     AUTO : Under day condition, th e mode is automatically ch anged into the COLOR mode to keep an optimum colour . At night, the mode is automatically changed into the B/W mode to di stinguish dark images clearly . Note  If the [...]

   5.3. Sequence Setting Sequence Setting Menu 5.3.1 Preset 12 items such as Pan/T ilt location, Zoom and Focus are selected among camera functions and they can be called for monitoring. T otal 128 points can be preset.  Setting : Select t[...]

     Preset Menu Setting 1. Select the Preset item on the Sequence Setting Menu 2. Select the Setting item. 3. Select the Preset number . 4. Set up the Zoom and Focus. 5. T o change the cam era settings, select Edit from the upper menu first. Select the item to change, an[...]

   Note In the White Bal ance setting of the indi vidual Preset Scene Adj., the AWC selection is not available. 5.3.2. Swing SEQ Swing surveillance can be executed and set up and the data can b e deleted.  Pan Swing : Swing surveillance fo[...]

    is the moving spe ed (01-64step). DWL is the stop time (00- 120sec). Press the Execution key in the locati on with se lection mark to fin ish the s etting proce ss.  Ex ecute : Swing su rveillance is executed. S t op key designate s this function.  Clear : Data in [...]

    Setting : The re gistered Group Sequence is selected by clicking the mouse and confirmed w ith the Ex ecution key . If the selected number is not registered, i t can not be input. Press the Execution key in the loca tion w ith selectio[...]

     Memorize: Manual operations fo r minimum 120 second s after executing this function are memorized into the internal memory . Nevertheless, the memorizing time becomes di fferent dep ending on the PTZ operation. OVER mar k will finish this function . Note If the opera[...]

    T ime : Auto Run operation is ex ecuted after a certain time designated by the user .(Time can b e set up by the unit o f 5, 10, 20, 30 sec a nd 1~5 min.) 5.3.7. Power On Resume When the power supply for the cam era is stopped for some[...]

   5.4. P/T Setting 5.4.1. Pan Limit The moving range in the Pan direction can be limited.  Position : Mov ing range can be se t up. Set the position from the left using the Execution key . The stop p osition may change due to the initializati on by such operation as pow er resumption d[...]

   resumption depending on position se tting. This does n ot mean it is out of order .  On/Of f : The appli cation of limita tion will be determined . Default setting is O ff. 5.4.3. Area Setting Areas can be indicated. Areas can be design[...]

   5.4.4. Area Masking If you want to exclude some areas for surveillance, they can be turned into black. Y ou can mask 4 parts of one screen.  Position : Use the Execution ke y to determ ine the posi tion for screen operation fr om the lef t.  On/Of f : Operation of screen area mask[...]

   5.4.6. Digital Flip When you operate the T ilt up to 100° li m it and keep it for a certain time, the image gets rever sed automatically and the opposite T ilt area is seen. When you want to monitor the moving object under the camera, exe[...]

   5.5. OSD Setting 5.5.1. Camera Name Camera nam e is set up. Note If you want to edit the item, move the cu rsor . Then select the character . y Edit : A maximum o f 12 characters con sisting of English (or Chinese, Japanese ), numbers and special characters can be input for Camera Name.[...]

   5.5.2. Preset Number Preset numbering is set up. (Default setting is ON.) 5.5.3. Preset Name  Edit : A max imum of 12 chara cters consisting of English (or Chinese), numbers and spe cial characters can be input for Preset Name .[...]

    On/Of f : The oper ation of this fun ction is predetermined. D efault setting is O n. 5.5.4. Sequence Status Display of the Sequence Group is set up. (Default setting is ON.) 5.5.5. Area Name Display of Area N ame is set up. When the Area Name is OFF , the Area Name cannot be displa[...]

   5.5.6. PTZ Position Pan and T ilt position and Zoom ma gnification are displayed. PTZ positions are not displayed in the OFF m ode. (Only manual operation can display them.) 5.5.7. Language The OSD can be displayed either in English (defau[...]

   5.6. Initialization Setting Initialization Menu  Power On Reset Camera is initialized into the or iginal status of power input. ➋ Initial Position If you want to set the default dir ection of the camera so that the camera faces that direction when t[...]

   camera settings. Default setting is OFF .  OFF , 1-7 Days : This function is disabled in the OFF mode. 1-7 Days enables the Auto Refresh operati on in the interv al of the selected days. Auto Refresh take s less than 10 seconds. The mes[...]

 C C h h 6 6 . . T T r r o o u u b b l l e e s s h h o o o o t t i i n n g g[...]

   If there are problems in operation, please refer to the items below . If the problem persists, please contact the agent you purchased this product from. Problem Solution Nothing appears on the screen.  Please check the p ower connection[...]

    Problem Solution The MOTION DETECTION function is not working.  Please check if 'MOTION DETECTION' mode is turned on.  Please check if the MD LEVEL is too low .  Please ch eck the setti ng of the MD AREA. When camera cannot be controlled for Pan/ Tilt/ Zoom  Inspect [...]

   Problem Solution  Please check audio driver i s working in user’s PC.  Please use the en closed Audio Extension Cable to inst all easily w hen connecting the audio cable. Video is stopped  Please check w hether network cable [...]

 A A p p p p e e n n d d i i x x A A . . D D D D N N S S U U s s a a g g e e[...]

   Registration process of DDNS is as following:  Step1) Complete the registration form in iP OLiS web s it e. The website is ‘www .samsungipolis.com’. Figure A-1. Website of iPOLiS[...]

   Figure A-2. Membership Registration: SIGNUP Figure A-3. Membership Registra tion: Input y our information.[...]

    Step2) Register the equipment after login. Figure A-4. Login Figure A-5. The list of registered equip ment.[...]

   Figure A-6. Product Registration. (Confirm repetition certainly at domain registration.) Figure A-7. The list of registered equip ment.[...]

    Step3) Configure DDNS information in the equipment.  Click the part of Network Configuration in website of Ne twork Camera.  Click “USE DDNS” in order to do “Enable” and i nput the address of DDNS Server . (Default: ww[...]

    Step4) Confirm the connection status of relevant product in prod uct list of iPOLiS web s it e. Figure A-8. The List of Product. Be able to confirm the information of connected equipment if click <check> butt on of ‘Product information’.[...]

   Figure A-9. Product information Move to Login website of relevant product if click <view> button of ‘ view’. The buttons which are <Edit> and <Delete> of ‘product management’ move to relevant page through input[...]

   Specifications Camera Part Items SNP-1000AN SNP-1000A P Imaging devi ce 1/4” Colo r V ertical Double Density Interline CCD. 410,000pixel TV NTSC P AL T otal Number of Pixels 81 1(H) X 508(V) 795(H) X 596(V) V a lid Pixel 768(H) X 494( V) 752(H) X 582(V) Horizontal Scan Frequency 15.734kH[...]

   Items SNP-1000A N SNP-1000AP Horizont al Rotation S peed Manual: 0.5° ~ 70°/s(64 lev els) Preset: 0.5° ~ 14 0°/s(64 levels) Horizont al Minimu m Moving Angl e 0.02° V ertical R otation Angle -5°~ 185° (Digital Fli p) V ertical R [...]

   Network Part Items SNP-1000A N SNP-1000AP Output Resolution NTSC : 704 x 480(D1), 704 x 240(H alf D1), 352 x 240(CIF) PA L : 704 x 576(D1), 704 x 288(H alf D1), 352 x 288(CIF) Output Vid eo Format MPEG4 / MJPEG Sel ectable Video Com pression S tage 5 stages (V ery Low , Low, Mi ddle, High,[...]

   Dimension[...]

[...]

SAMSUNG TECHWIN www .samsungtechwin.com www .samsungipolis.com SAMSUNG OPTO-ELECTR ONICS AMERICA, L TD. 1480 Charles Willard St. Carson, CA90746 T el: +1-310-632-1234 Fax: +1-310-632-2195 SALES NETWORK SAMSUNG TECHWIN CO., L TD. 145-3, Sangdaewon-dong, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 462-120, Korea T el: +82-31-740-8151~8 Fax: +82-31-740-8145[...]