Star Micronics 4111 manual

APPLICA TIONS MANUAL 80821885[...]

Trademark Acknowledgements LaserPrinter 4111: Star Micronics Co,, Ltd. PageMaker: Aldus Corporation Applesoft: Apple Computer Inc. Bitstream: Bitstream Inc. Canon: Canon Inc. HP, LaserJet: Hewlett-Packard Company LaserControl: Insight Development Inc. IBM PC: International Business Machines Corp. Century Schoolbook: Linotype Corporation Lotus 1-2-3[...]

I PREFACE About this manual This Star Lu.~erPrinter 4111 Application.~ Manual gives you the information you need to program the Star Micronics LaserPrinter 4111. Why would you read this book? Most people using a laser printer just run software packages with built-in printer drivers, which look after everything their computers send their printers. B[...]

I What’s in this manual? ● ● ● ● In “Getting to Know Your Star LaserPrinter 4111” we provide a list of the features that make this a splendid printer, to help you choose which features you want to exploit. There’s a bit on how laser printers work, inside and out. The chapter then explains software in general terms, including how to [...]

Conventions Incidentally, one of those Technical Supplement tables suggests a couple of typographic conventions we’ll use. Base ten (decimal) numbers will gener- ally be used here; if we have to use base sixteen numbers (hexadecinzczi) we’ 11 expressly say so. And second, the lowercase L is practically identical to the number one (1 versus 1). [...]

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Getting to know Your Star LaserPrinter 4111 .. .... .... ... .. ... ..... . .. .... ... ... ... ... ... 1 1.1 Star LaserPrinter 4111 Hardware .... .. ... .... .. ... .... .. ... ... ... ... .. .... .. .... . 1 1,2 Star Laserprinter 4111 software ... ... ... ... ... .. .... .. ... ... ... .. .... ... . .,,.....5 2. Controlling Y[...]

6. Technical Supplement ..... .. ... ... .. .. ... .. .... .. .. .. ... ... ... .. .. ... .. .... .... .. ... .... .. .. ... ... .. 129 6.1 Command Summary . ..... .. .... .. .. .. ... .... .. .. .. ... ... ... .. .. ... .. ... ... ..... .. . 129 6.2 Symbol sets ... ... .. ... ... .. .. ... ... ... .. .. ... ... .. ... .. .. ... .. ...... .. ... ..[...]

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m Getting b KnoW’Yow ‘” “ Star LaserPrinte~ 4111 This chapter introduces both the hardware and software aspects of the Star LaserPrinter 4111’s personality, from fonts and print engine to ASCII and Escape sequences. 1.1 STAR LASERPRINTER 4111 HARDWARE 1.1.1 Versatility Your Star Micronics Star LaserPrinter 4111 works with practically all [...]

The Star LaserPrinter 4111 is ideal for desktop publishing. The pages it produces make perfect photocopy or instant-print masters. And all the main desktop publishing systems, including Aldus Corporation’s PageMaker and Xerox Ventura Publisher, work splendidly with the Star LaserPrinter 4111. With “page makeup” programs like these you will be[...]

Ask your Star LaserPrinter 4111 dealer about resources like these. Desktop publishing with laser printers is fast-changing territory, and some Star Micronics staff people have found electronic bulletin boards and computer user groups quite helpful in keeping up with the changing pace. If you invest a little time this way it may repay you well. .1.1[...]

An Intel 80960SA computer chip controls both the memory and the printing mechanism in the printer, called the print engine. The printer stores a whole page in RAM before printing it. (If a page is so dense that it overflows memory —amost unlikely event —the Star LaserPrinter4HI prints the page on two sheets. ) 1.1.5 The Print engine It’s the [...]

1.2 STAR LASERPRINTER 4111 SOFTWARE 1.2.1 Binary and hexadecimal arithmetic If you already know what hexadecimal numbers are, you can skip this section and go ahead to read about ASCII. The decimal number system with which we’re all familiar is a positional counting system. There’s the “ones” position, the “tens” position, the “hundre[...]

The important thing to realize is that there’s more than one way to show the same numeric value. Computer programmers, for example, occasionally use the hexadecimal system because it’s so compact. (Programmers often just say “hex”.) This binary number: 10100101111111010011011111 1011010010110100001001 looks quite a bit tidier when it is wri[...]

So the laser printer understands the symbol Jas 01001010, which we can also represent as the decimal number 74 or the hexadecimal number 4A. We’ve printed this byte vertically and horizontally below, showing how it adds up to decimal 74 and hex 4A. o x 27 1 x 26 0 x 25 0 x 24 1 x 23 0 x 22 1 x 2’ o x 2° zone 0100 4 — — — — — — — [...]

1.2.3 Control codes The ASCII table shows symbols like .Jor2 the way they actually print on the laser printer. But ASCII includes more than just printable characters: none of the control code commands at the beginning of the table actually print. Instead, when your computer sends a control code to the laser printer it makes your printer do other th[...]

But remember that you are not to send those spaces if you send commands to the printer. To sum up, printer commands are of two types. A cw?trol code is a single- character command that tells your printer to do something, like move down one line. An Escape sequence controls a printer operation too, but is more than one character long. Since they are[...]

1.2.6 Sending your own printer commands Without a printer driver, sending control codes and Escape sequences to your printer properly requires some knowledge of a programming language like BASIC or Pascal, or at least of how to put such codes into a program. With programming languages, the computer doesn’t act on the commands you put into a progr[...]

NEW 10 ‘ EXAMPLE 20 WIDTH “LPT1: ’’,255 30 LPRINT CHR$ (7) 40 LPRINT CHR$(27) ;CHR$ (112) 50 END RUN you make the printer first sound its bell —most people call it a beeper— and then print the self test. Generally, when you send a control or Escape code it stays active until you deactivate it. Most programming languages, and some versio[...]

MEMO 12[...]

You can control your Star LaserPrinter 4111 in two ways, either through control panel parameters or through software commands. In this chapter we will consider printer controls mostly from the perspective of the control panel. 2.1 PRINTER PARAMETERS 2.1.1 The control panel The easiest way to control your Star LaserPrinter 4111 is through its contro[...]

I 2.1.2 Parameter settings From the panel you can also change the parameters that define how your printer works. Parameter just means “variable”. If you’re familiar with earlier kinds of printers, you’ll understand that laser printer parameters control pretty much the same things DZP switches do. (A DIP switch or’’dual in-line package s[...]

Factory settings are programmed into the Star LaserPrinter 4111 when it is built at the factory. Your printer keeps the factory settings for its parameters in ROM; they never change. You can copy them into the current settings or any other settings as needed. But the only way you can return to the factory defaults is from the control panel; no comm[...]

I 2.1.4 How to change parameters With the printer offline, if you press the [PROGRAM] button the printer goes into “program” mode. You can then step through the laser printer’s four levels of program menu to configure your printer. That’s the process of changing certain printer settings so your computer and printer can commu- nicate properl[...]

Most MS-DOS and AT-compatible computers support up to three parallel and two serial ports, which come on expansion boards you plug into your computer. When you install such boards you must set switches to indicate the number and addresses of these ports. If you specify the wrong addresses, you won’t be able to print. Serial interface: rate If you[...]

You’ll also have to indicate if your computer sends two stop bits to indicate the end of a byte, instead of one, the default. These serial interface settings are described in more detail in your Star LaserPrinter 4111 Operations Manual. Serial interface: protocol Finally, in Serial mode your computer will use one of two protocols to ensure data i[...]

If your Star LaserPrinter 4111 doesn’t print what’s on the computer screen, recheck your connections and interface settings. With an applications program like Lotus 1-2-3 or Microsoft Word, you use a printer setup routine to match your computer with your printer’s operating characteristics. So double-check your software settings; your compute[...]

I 2.3 CONTROLLING In this section we look at two controls you have over how the Star LaserPrinter 4111 handles and formats its pages: You can set values for the PAPER FEED and LAYOUT parameters on the control panel. At the end of this section we’ll also preview different ways to move the print position. 2.3.1 The PAPER FEED parameter The PAPER FE[...]

One other nice thing you can do is print directly on envelopes. With this Paper Size parameter you can specify envelopes in sizes, Monarch, COM-10, International C5 and DL. Then just work out whereto put the address, set the orientation to landscape (see below), and slide your envelope into the multi- purpose tray! 2.3.2 Hints: Pape6 labels and tra[...]

I . No question, working with single label sheets is more convenient than with continuous label stock. Laser printers are faster and produce better- looking labels than other printers. But laser printers, which work by electrostatic photography rather than impact pressure, put different stresses on label paper. Each sheet has to bend over and throu[...]

Landscape Porlraii When you use landsmpe orientation the words are printed “on their sides,” vertically up the length of the page. Text written with landscape orientation only looks correct when you turn the page so its length runs side-to-side, just like the painting of a landscape. Envelopes must be printed with landscape orientation. You als[...]

The meaning of a line (sometimes called a “row”) is defined by the t’ertical motim? index (VMI). The printer moves the print position down a line when it gets a Line Feed code, usually when it bumps into the right margin. You’ll probably let your computer program set the line depth. But from the panel you can. set the VMI value in increment[...]

These increments reflect the history of twentieth century printing. Pitch, referring to the number of characters printed in each horizontal inch, derives from how typewriters space their characters. Lines and columns were first used by earlier computer printers (on which they are called horizontal and vertical motion indexes). You already know abou[...]

Pointsi:e defines how big characters will print, such as 10 or 12 points high. St]’le defines whether characters print in upright or italic style. Stroke weight defines how bold a typeface prints. Finally., t]p<face itself means the artistic design of a font. Your printer’s internal typefaces include, Courier and Line Printer. With the Star [...]

Em Am m Fonts The fonts you use determine what your pages will look like. In this chapter we’ll first clarify the meanings of words people use when they talk about fonts. Next we’ll examine the three kinds of fonts (internal. cartridge and down- loaded) that you can use on your Star LaserPrinter 4111. We’ll cover the particular sets of symbol[...]

I Narrow condensed faces used to be called “compressed”. They cram about five characters in the space where three usually go — ideal for spreadsheets. An extended face, particularly on a dot-matrix printer, goes by several names: “expanded “, “enlarged” or “double-width” printing. No matter what it’s called, extended print is wi[...]

The o has been kerned The font height (24 points) is measured closer to the f. from ascender to descender. t size and type~ace. Baseline Ill Proportional Serif spacing L;ading is the baseline to baseline measurement. 3.1.3 Font spacing and pitch You probably first heard the word pitch in connection with typewriters. Typewriters normally use monospa[...]

3.2 HOW THE STAR LASERPRINTER 4111 STORES FONTS 3.2.1 Bit-mapped fonts Star Micronics has earned a reputation for attractive, well-designed fonts on its printers, and this laser printer continues the tradition. The Star LaserPrinter 4111 uses bit-mapped fonts. Each character is made up of a pattern or “map” of dots, just like characters on a do[...]

I The Star LaserPrinter4111’s scalable fonts have the same relative dimensions and general appearance as the following LaserJet III fonts: CG Times CG Times CG Times CG Times Univers Univers Univers Univers regular bold italic bold italic regular bold italic bold italic With these most frequently used fonts in ROM, a page can be assembled much fa[...]

I Downloadable fonts run the gamut from Egyptian hieroglyphics to those eye-catching decorative fonts known as display fonts. They also include the more exotic foreign-language characters, such as Arabic or Cyrillic, and symbol and mathematical fonts (sometimes with fractions). How can you compare cartridge and downloadable fonts? When you use cart[...]

3.3 SYMBOL SETS Let summarize briefly, to put the subject of symbol sets in context. The attributes of a font determine what that font will look like when it is printed. We covered all but orientation at the start of this chapter, and orientation in the last chapter. A font’s attributes include: ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● orientation (portra[...]

I You probably won’t change symbol sets very often, unless you need special symbols for your trade or regularly write in a language other than English. Your printer supports sets containing just symbols, such as the Greek alphabet (j?), logic symbols (s), arrows (~), the registered trademark symbol (09) and so on. 3.3.2 Default font attributes Wh[...]

If you use the control panel in program mode, select CHARACTER. Just press the [>] button to get to the font attribute you want to set, press [v] to get to its possible values, press [>] to scan through them, and finally press [v] to slap in the value you want. The procedures for selecting a font from a computer program is a bit more complica[...]

I 3.4.3 Optional fonts Many optional fonts available for your Star LaserPrinter 4111 complement its internal fonts. These can give you more variety in symbol sets, spacing, font height, style and stroke weight. To your Courier fonts, for example, you might add italics and bold, legal or math symbol sets, and sizes ranging from 7 to 14 points. Optio[...]

Many commercial font-management programs are now on the market, including Insight Development’s LaserControl, Blaha Software’s HotLead, SoftCraft’s LaserFonts, and the PCL printer driver in Microsoft’s Windo~)s. These utility programs help you download fonts, then let you access the fonts automatically from your word processor or other prog[...]

You then do the same for the italics and boldface files, for example typing for the italics font: DOWNLOAD CN 100IPN.R8P The prompts will be the same, but you have to remember to use different font ID numbers for the upright, italic and boldface fonts. 3.4.7 Downloading a font: example two Example two is for a computer running Aldus Corporation’s[...]

The process of downloading a font you’ve designed yourself is not so straightforward. As you can only do this, creating and downloading fonts is described further in chapter 4. 3.4.8 Hints: Managing memory . Printing fancy stuff can be quite cumbersome for your printer. You trade off fanciness against speed: if you opt for fewer flourishes, you g[...]

I To see how much memory is available for extra fonts, put the printer offline and press the [TEST] button to print a status sheet. Your printer will beep and show a control panel message if you try to overload its memory by downloading too many fonts. It then will continue printing with the closest available font to that requested. As a general ru[...]

m FW7ter Control ‘ ● “ Language A The Hewlett-Packard LaserJet 111 is an earlier kind of laser printer than your Star LaserPrinter 4111. You should have no trouble running most popular software packages, as those programs likely can send LaserJet III com- mands. Because the LaserJet III is a laser printer, though, its commands can give you mo[...]

Two important details make PCL commands. First, all Escape sequences end with a capital letter. If you don’t make the last character uppercase, your printer won’t know when the Escape sequence ends and will treat following characters as part of the same command. Second, in PCL commands each number or character you put after the <ESC? code is[...]

I For example, to define the style, weight and character face for the primary font, you might send these command: <ESC> (S 1S <ESC> (S 7B <ESC> (S 3T which would produce italics boldface Courier. But this single command does the same thing, all with one blow: <ESC> (S I S 7b 3T 4.2 CONTROLLING THE PRINTER 4.2.1 Self test You[...]

I 4.2.2 Set number of copies You can print up to 99 copies of each of the pages you send to the printer. You may send this command anywhere within the text on a page; it will stay in effect for that and all subsequent pages until you send another such com- mand: <ESC> &/n X All you have to do is change the n sign in this command to the nu[...]

When you want to set all your laser printer’s parameters back to their initial default values (some people call this “initializing” the printer), send this command: <ESC> E .The printer will finish printing any pages left in its memory before resetting the parameters. Resetting clears unneeded temporary fonts from your printer’s memor[...]

You can now send your letter from your word processing program to the printer and feed in those pages. When you’re done, you may want to send the <ESC> E command one more time. 4.3 PAGE ORIENTATION You might reasonably think of page orientation as a page formatting issue. To print words widthwise on a page, however, each letter in effect ha[...]

ORIENTATION Portrait Portrait Portrait Portrait Landscape Landscape Landscape Landscape PAPER SIZE Executive Letter A4 Legal Executive Letter A4 Legal @6LINEs/INcH n @8LINEs/INcH 60 80 66 88 70 93 84 112 43 58 51 68 49 66 * 58 * Printing landscapes on legal paper is trickier. First set on portrait mode and send the command <ESC> &? 84P an[...]

I 4.3.2 Side margins Margin settings define that part of the page on which the printer can print. You set side margins to particular columns. The width of a column differs for each font, depending on its pitch. Ten-pitch Courier, for example, puts column 30 three inches from the left edge of the page (column 0). But 12- pitch Prestige Elite puts co[...]

<ESC> &tn E Note that the character following the “&” is a lowercase “L”. 4.3.4 Text length and the bottom margin By default, the LaserPrinter 4111 automatically gives you top and bottom margins of the same size. So you only need to send the Text Length command when you want different top and bottom margins. If you want a diff[...]

formatting 4.3.5 Example: Page OK, let’s have ago at formatting a page. The picture of the page we want is just below. The actual width of the text on the page depends on which font we use. Let’s plan on using our 16.66-pitch Line Printer font at eight lines per inch. column 10 column 70 top margin. 8 lines { text length = 100 lines { bottom ma[...]

4.4 MOVING THE PRINT POSITION 4.4.1 Many ways to move The LaserPrinter 4111 provides excellent control over the print position — where you poise your laser “pen”. Horizontally, you can send backspace and carriage return commands. Vertically, you can move the print position down the page by printing so many lines per inch, or by sending line-f[...]

I 4.4.3 Defining the space and column Before you use print positioning commands, you first may want to change the definitions of the line or space (sometimes called “vertical and horizontal motion indexes”, VMI and HMI). These definitions don’t actually move the print position. Instead, they define two basic units you can use in print positio[...]

The important fact about the line depth is that when you change it you are changing the actual meaning of a “line”. When you increase the line depth you effectively decrease the number of lines per inch, and increase the page length. The command you send to set the line depth looks like this: <ESC> &t’n C (note that the character af[...]

So to move to column 45 you send the command: <ESC> &a 45C But to move 45 columns to the right of the current print position, you send: <ESC> &a +45C To move the print position horizontally a certain number of decipoints, send the command: <ESC> &a n H in which for n you enter the number of decipoints you wish to move [...]

You can also move the cursor 8 columns at a time horizontally by use of the horizontal tab command. Simply send a tab character: <HT> to do this. Reverse tabbing is not possible. 4.4.8 Moving the print position vertically You can use similar units to move the print position vertically: lines, dots, or decipoints. Both lines and decipoints can[...]

To move the print position vertically a certain number of decipoints, send the command: <ESC> &a n V in which for n you enter the number of decipoints you wish to move the print position down (or precede the number with a + or– sign if you want to move up or down from the current position). Finally, you can move a number of dots down fr[...]

And if you send this one: <ESC> &a +40h –20V the print position will move right 40 decipoints and up 20 decipoints. .4.4.11 Backspace The Backspace control code works exactly as you might expect: it moves the print position one column to the left. <BS> Moving the print position back does not destroy any characters already sent. In[...]

The Half Line Feed command is the one you want for subscripts. This command moves the print position down the page one half the current line depth: <ESC> = To send a reverse Half Line Feed, moving the print position up to let you print a superscript, use this command: <ESC> &a –.5 R 4.4.14 Form feed This command, like the [PRINT] [...]

I For n enter one of the numbers from this table: n AUTOMATIC COMMAND O (zero) <CR>, <LF> and <FF> work according to their basic 1 (one) 2 3 definitions, <CR> will also generate a <LF> (but <LF> and <FF> stay the same), <LF> or <FF> will produce a <CR> too (<CR> by itself won’t cha[...]

Note: Even when Autowrap is on, the printer will print beyond the right margin if you have sent one of the direct positioning commands described above, which move the print position past the margin. Also, note that Autowrap doesn’t move the whole word down to the next line — that’s a job for a word processor, not your laser printer. 4.4.17 Pu[...]

Note: The last position pushed onto the list will always be the first one popped back later. 4.5 CONTROLLING FONTS 4.5.1 Font selection The Star LaserPrinter 4111 lets you define and select fonts three ways: as primary and secondary fonts, or by font identification number, or by description. We’ll look at the first two ways now, and explain selec[...]

! If you don’t explicitly indicate what attributes you want for the primary or secondary font, the printer will use the same default font for both. This default font’s attributes include the Roman-8 symbol set, 10-pitch spacing, 12-point height, upright style, medium weight, and Courier typeface. After your primary font is selected, you can cho[...]

4.5.4 Selecting downloaded fonts The easiest way to select among downloaded fonts is to use font ID numbers. When you download a font you make the Assign Font ID command above the first command in your sequence (see “How to download your own fonts” later in this chapter). After you’ve assigned an ID number to a downloaded font, you can select[...]

The laser printer just zips down this chain of attributes one by one, eliminating fonts that don’t match what you want, until it gets down to one unique font that matches your request. If the printer matches down to, say, style or weight but can go no further, it will give you its closest font to your request. And if you don’t specify a particu[...]

To select the direction in which characters, raster graphics and fill patterns are printed, use the following command: <ESC>&a n P in which for n you put O to select the portrait direction, 90 to select the landscape direction, 180 to select the upside-down portrait direction, and 270 to select the upside-down landscape direc- tion. Symbo[...]

I Note: The symbol sets marked with * can select when the approval Font Cartridge is installed. CODE n OA OB OD OE OF OG 01 OK ON 00 OQ 0s Ou OY ID IE IF IG 10 IQ IS IU 2K 2Q 2s 2U 3Q 3s 4s 5M 5s 6J 6M 6S 7J 8M 8Q 8U ; 9U SYMBOL SET Math-7 symbols* Line Draw characters* 1S0 60: Norwegian Roman Extension* ISO 25: French HP German 1S0 15: Italian 1S0[...]

10J 10U 1 IQ I IU 12u 13J 14J 15U PS Text IBM-PC (US) ECMA-947Bit* IBM-PC (Denmark/Norway) PC-850 Ventura International Ventura US Pi font symbols To select a symbol set code for your secondary font, flip the parenthesis: <ESC> ) n and for n substitute your choice from the codes above. Selecting the current or default symbol set Your printer [...]

To do these tasks, you can send the following command to select which symbol set you want for your secondary font: <ESC> ) n @ For n enter one of the values from this table: n VALUE SELECTION O (zero) Selects the default symbol set 1 (one) Selects same symbol set as primary font 2 Selects the current font’s symbol set 3 Selects all the defa[...]

Spacing If you specify monospaced for a font, each character prints with the same width. But if you specify proportional spacing the design of each character determines its width. To define how you want your primary font spaced, send this command: <ESC> (S n P in which for n you put O (zero) to get monospaced, or 1 (one) to get proportional s[...]

You can use a different command instead of these for general character pitch setting. This command, since it doesn’t have parentheses, covers both the primary and secondary fonts. It looks like this: <ESC> &k n S For n you enter a pitch code from the following table: CHARACTERS PER INCH PITCH CODE n 10 cpi (pica) O (zero) 16.66 cpi (con[...]

To select style for the secondary font, just reverse the parenthesis and use the same n numbers: <ESC> )S n S Remember that style is a relatively low-priority attribute. If a particular font satisfies all higher priority attributes but doesn’t come in the style you want, you’ll get that font without your style. Stroke weight The weight of[...]

Typeface The last attribute you can give to characters is their typeface. The design of characters is what font designers often think of as the main determinant for a font. But when you select a laser printer font, typeface sits at the bottom of the list. To assign the particular face you want for your primary font, send this command: <ESC> ([...]

Example: Font attributes Let’s put the last half dozen font attributes together in an example. Say we want to select a nice font — a small Line Printer — for the footnotes in a report we’ve finished. Let’s make it our secondary font, since’ the body of our report is done in the primary font. We’ll go with the defaults for orientation [...]

4.5.6 Underline Underlining is printing feature, not a font attribute. You can underline in two ways: as a print feature, or with the – underline character. If you backspace and use the underline character, however, you often find the underline doesn’t come out the same length as your text. The underline command works better. When you turn on t[...]

To use Transparent print, just put this command immediately in front of your print data: <ESC> &p n X For n you specify the number of bytes of data you want to print . Display Functions, like the Transparent print command, prints Escape sequences and control codes without actually executing them. But Display Functions pays attention to Ca[...]

I To control fonts you send this command: <ESC> *C r? F For n enter one of the numbers from this table of functions: .n O (zero) 1 (one) 2 3 4 5 ~. FUNCTION Delete all temporary and permanent fonts Delete all temporary fonts (another way to delete all temporary fonts is to send a reset command) Delete just the font with the most recently spec[...]

Assuming you like what you see printed from those ASCII positions, you then want to make that current font permanent. Finally, you also want to dump all the temporary fonts from printer memory to make room for some graphics you’ll be printing. Let’s start with a reset and an underlined heading for your test print: 100 LPRINT CHR$ (27) ; “E”[...]

4.5.10 Example: Assigning font numbers Now let’s do a program in BASIC. First we’ll assign font numbers to the Courier and Line Printer resident fonts and to a cartridge font, IBM PC Courier. Then we’ll print samples of each font. 100 LPRINT CHR$ ( 27 ) ; “ ( 8U” ; 110 LPRINT CHR$ ( 27 ) ; “ ( s OP1 Ohl 2vOs Ob3T” ; 120 LPRINT CHR$ ( [...]

4.6 USING YOUR OWN FONTS 4.6.1 Font design is tedious A warning: font design is an art. Don’t expect to turn out professional- looking fonts in a few hours. Sometimes, though, you have to build your own typeface, even if you don’t work with a company in the font-selling business. You may, for example, want to print your own customized company l[...]

The process of downloading a font you’ve designed yourself is somewhat detailed. To download your font, you follow the following steps: 1 ) assign a font ID number to your font, 2) download a font header, 3) identify the position of each character to be downloaded, 4) send a character descriptor and bit map for each character, 5) specify whether [...]

Here’s a typical font header command: <ESC> )s26W O< SUB>OIOOO<RS>O< RS>O2OO l<FF>OdOaOOOO<ETX> Aside from the actual command at the front, the rest looks like gobbledy- gook? But there’s 26 bytes there, each one an ASCII character, each one specifying a particular font attribute. (The enclosed items with bra[...]

P e c y f Before you download each character you have to tell the printer where in its font table to put it. You indicate where by sending this command: <ESC> *C n E For n you put the decimal number, between O and 255, of the position in the font table where you want your character stored. Your printer’s font table is just like the ASCII ta[...]

BYTE o 1 2 3 4 5 6-7 8-9 10-11 12-13 14-15 MEANING description length blank always 14 always 1 orientation blank left offset (blank space to left of character) top offset (blank space above character) character width character height print position travel (proportional spacing only) The bit map of the character is just the pattern of dots in the ch[...]

R G The Star LaserPrinter 4111 offers raster graphics (sometimes called “bit- mapped graphics”), which specify each dot in a graphics pattern. Be aware, though, that adding graphic elements always slows up printing with laser printers. The following steps should be performed (in the order shown) when printing raster graphics: 1 ) Define the res[...]

I c s g The command to start graphics must be transmitted next. The command is: <ESC> *r n A where n can take a value ofeither O or 1. If you enter O, the margin for graphics will be set at the left-most printable edge of the page (not the same as the left margin for text). But if you enter 1, the margin for graphics will be set at the column[...]

I S c w t g d When transferring raster graphics data, each line of raster data must be prefixed by the command: <ESC> *b n W where n gives the number of data bytes to follow (the maximum is 255 before another such command is sent). This data must follow the compression rules set in the previous command. For instance, a TIFF image interpreted [...]

The Raster Width command specifies the width in pixels of the next raster graphic. <ESC> *r n S The value of n must be non-negative; if necessary it is truncated to the value of (logical page width) - (x coordinate of cursor). It will clip all raster rows longer than the specified width, even if n = O. It will pad any row shorter than the spe[...]

4 D r o p d Defining the dimensions of the area you want to fill just means indicating the horizontal and vertical size of the pattern, or the rule’s length and thickness. You can indicate dimensions in either dots or decipoints (tenths of a point). At 300 dots or 720 decipoints to the inch, decipoint measurements are more accurate. The printer c[...]

in which n is the number of dots defining the thickness of the rule or the depth of the pattern. Alternatively, to show the vertical dimension in decipoints, you send this command: <ESC> *c n V in which n is the number of decipoints in the rule’s thickness or the pattern’s vertical length. 4 C a p a r o p You need the next five commands t[...]

11 -20 0/0 m 36-55 0/0 81 -99 0/0 1 f you want a linear pattern, for H you enter here a pattern number between 56-80 ~0 %0 I and 6 inclusive. identifying one of the linear patterns below. #3 #4 #5 #6 90[...]

You always send the following Print Pattern command after a Specify Pattern command. This Print Pattern command identifies whether the area you have defined is to be filled with a rule, dotted gray-scale pattern, or linear pattern: <ESC> *C n P For n enter a value from the following table. (If you select a linear pattern here, but a dotted pa[...]

I The following two commands control “transparency”, whether or not white sections of an image block out black pixels that are already in place. <ESC> ‘ n N This selects the source transparency mode. whether white areas of the source image should be treated as transparent (and do not “white-out” black pixels they cover) or opaque (i[...]

4 M 4 U m There’s a great shortcut that simplifies the task of sending commands to your LaserPrinter 4111: use macros. A macro is a single control code, which you can define yourself, that does the work of a whole long series of printer ‘commands. Any command can go into a macro. Putting macros together to automatically repeat sequences of task[...]

/1 O (zero) 1 (one) 2 3 4 5 6 FUNCTION Start defining macro. Creates a new macro with the last specified macro number. This macro will be temporary; to make it perma- nent use <ESC> &f 10X after your definition. The printer will make a macro of the sequence of commands that follow this one, until it gets the command to stop defining the m[...]

7 Delete temporary macros. This option also deletes temporary automatic macros. 8 Delete last specified macro. 9 Make last specified macro temporary. 10 Make last specified macro permanen[. 4 E M The following program loads and runs a macro. The Imacro moves an inch and a half right and down three inches from the top left corner of the page, where [...]

96[...]

The Star LaserPrinter 4111 provides the ability to print vector graphics using the GL/2 graphics language. Printing with GL/2 requires leaving the PCL mode and entering the GL/2 mode. Switching between modes involves only a few commands and software applications may easily switch between the two modes as needed — without affecting performance. 5 [...]

5 P f You must give parameters in the format (type of units) required by each GL/2 command. The required format is stated in the parameter table of each command’s description, and is described as follows. Infege}-- An integer from –2, 147,483,648 to +2, 147,483,647. The printer automatically rounds fractional parameters to the nearest integer. [...]

5 C s In GL/2, the coordinate system can be set by the user. The default coordinate system has its origin at the lower left of the picture frame (P 1 ), with its x-axis horizontally to the right, and the y-axis vertically upwards. Two types of units are available, plotter units (default) and user units. A plotter unit is 0.025 mm (0.00098 inch, 0.2[...]

5 D p f s There are two escape sequences to define the area (or picture frame) that can be used for GL/2 graphics: i n which n is the horizontal size of the picture frame in decipoints, and <ESC> ‘kC H Y in which n is the vertical size of the picture frame in decipoints. These commands have the following side-effects: they set P 1 to the lo[...]

5 P s There are two escape sequences to define the plot size of the drawing: <ESC> *C t7 K in which t7 is the horizontal size of the GL/2 plot in inches. <ESC> *C H L in which n is the vertical size of the GL/2 plot in inches. These commands fit the GL/2 plot into the picture frame, establishing scaling factors using the formula: (plot [...]

5 C O A S The configuration and status group commands help you with the following: ● ● ● ● ● ● Establishing default conditions and values for GL/2 features. Scaling images in the dimensional units you want to use. Enlarging or reducing images for different media sized. Establishing a window (soft-clip limits). Drawing equal-sized and mi[...]

The results of the following commands depend on the positions of PI and P2: DR. FT, IW, LB, LT. PW, RO, SC, SR, WU. I r c IR [P] r.~, Pln [, P2r.x, P2ry :]] This command establishes new or default locations for the scaling points P 1 and P2 relative to the picture frame size. PI and P2 are used by the Scale (SC) command to establish user-unit scali[...]

An alternate method of ejecting a page is the Form Feed command. A Form Feed causes an unconditional page eject and advances the current active cursor position to the top of form on the next page. The horizontal cursor position remains the same as before the page eject. R c s c ~ RO [cwgle :] This command rotates and translates the plotter coordina[...]

The meanings of and relationships between the parameters are: If tvpe parameter is O (as specified or by default), SC defines antisotropic seal in,g; the first form of the command is assumed and the last two param- eters, l and bottotn. are ignored even if present; xmin, ]!rnin become the user coordinates of P 1, and xmax, )’ma.r, the coordinates[...]

I V G The information in this section enables you to achieve the following results in your programs: ● Use absolute and relative coordinates when plotting. ● Draw 1 ines, arcs, and circles. . Enc’ode coordinates to greatly increase your printer’s throughput. a c AA xc, JC, angle [, chord angle ;] where xc indicates the x-coordinate of cente[...]

A t p c AT xi. ]i, xe, ye [, chord angle ;] where xi indicates the x-coordinate of intermediate point I, yi is the y-co- ordinate of intermediate point I, xe is the x-coordinate of end point E, and ye is the y-coordinate of end point E. The chord ungle is the angle subtended by chord, from 0.5 to 180 With the current position F, this command draws [...]

P e c PE,flug [ ~’alue or coor(iinate pair ...,~lag]value or coordinate pair: With this command, there should be no separators between parameters, and the command terminator <;> must be used. The meanings of and relation between parameters are as given in the following table: Flag (hex ASCII) Meaning Next parameter 3A or BA : Select pen pen[...]

c Pu [.rl, )’1, X2, }’2, . . . . .1?2, )72 ;] This command is the same as PA except that the “pen up” flag is set and no lines are drawn. If there is no argument, this is the only effect of the command. The coordinates are interpreted as absolute if the command was not preceded by a PR command; otherwise the coordinates are treated as relat[...]

5 P G There is a special mode of operation, the pol?gon mode, in which many commands are not executed but store the path they would otherwise draw in the polygon buffer. The path is stored by storing the coordinates of all point traversed, together with the pen up/down condition. When a appropriate command is given, the paths are drawn as if they f[...]

E r r c ER d,r, d} [;] This command is similar to the EA command, except that the coordinates of the opposile corner relative to current cursor position are specified. E w c radius, sturt an,q[e, sweep angle 1, chord angle ;J This command draws the edge of a wedge of a circle with its center at current cursor position. A positive (negative) radius [...]

I P m c PM mode [;] Mode O clears the polygon buffer and enters the polygon mode, in which the following commands can be used: AA, AR, AT, CI, DF. IN, PA, PD, PE, PM 1. PM2, PR, PU, PR. Reset command <ESC> E can also be given. The polygon stored using these commands can be edged (using EP) or filled (using FP) once the polygon mode has been l[...]

L A F A G A c c AC .VC, }C [:] The default is (),0 and “anchors” the fill to the origin of the current coordinate system. F t c FT t>p{ [. Il(tl%ll}l] [, p~1ra1n2 :]] The relation between lhese three parameters and the meanings are given in the table below. type 1 ‘2 3 4 1() II 21 fill solid (default) solid hatched cross-hatched gray user-[...]

For type 11, the fill index is as specified in command RF; if an RF command has not been given, solid fill is used. For type 21, the pattern type is a number between 1 and 6, corresponding to the patterns defined in the standard mode. If any parameter or combination is outside the values in the table, the command is ignored. L a c LA kind, ~’alue[...]

L t c LT type [, pattern length [, mode ;]] This comlmand specifies the line pattern to be used when drawing lines When no parameters are specified, this command selects a solid line and saves the previous line type, pattern length and any unused portion of the pattern. If there are parameters, a pattern is selected as follows. Patterns are describ[...]

I w c }~idtll [. pen ;] This command specifies a new width for the logical pen. The default pen width is 0.35 mlm or 1 Yc of the distance PI to P2. A width of O sets the thinnest line possible (one dot). Metric. widths are scaled by the ratio [size of picture franle]/[plot size]. If the pen number is not specified, the new width is appl ied to both[...]

Symbols are taken from the currently selected character set and are sized, slanted and rotated in the same way as characters. S c SP pe}l number [;] This command selects the printer’s logical pen for subsequent plotting. This command must be set in order to output. Pen O is white; it is used when no drawing is required or to draw white lines on a[...]

I With parameters. this command selects the screening (fill) to be used for all “vectors” (all lines except labels and ‘stroked’ characters). T m c TR [H :] The transparency mode defines how the white areas of the source graphics image affect the destination graphics image. The parameter n specifies whether transparency mode is on ( 1 ) or [...]

I C G When you have created a vector graphic and want to add text, you can either enter normal mode to add text to your image or you can print text from within the GL/2 mode. If this is your first experience with GL/2, you should know that the term “label” is used throughout this section to indicate the printing of text. The information in this[...]

C f m c CF,fill mode [, edge pt’t? :] This command specifies the way scalable fonts are filled and edged; bitmap and Stick fonts cannot be edged and can be filled only with raster fill, shading, or cross-hatch patterns. Scalable characters maybe filled with any of the fill patterns specified by the FT command (shading, hatching, cross-hatching, a[...]

I Absolute direction command DI x, ) [;] This command specifies the slope or direction at which characters are drawn, independent of P 1 and P2 setting. At least one parameter must be non-zero, otherwise the command is ignored. Relative direction command DR run, ri~e [;] This command established the run and rise of the text path relative to the dis[...]

Within a label, each character begins to the right of the previous character. This is a horizontal text path (unless altered by DI or DR). Within a label. each character begins below the previous character. This is a vertical text path (unless altered by DI or DR). Within a label, each character begins to the left of the previous character. This is[...]

L.ubel instruction command M te.rt .. . text label terminator This command prints (draws) printable characters in the string (up to 1024 characters), using the primary font selected and executes the functions of control characters in the string. Control characters S1 and SO switch between the primary and secondary fonts. Label origin command LO pos[...]

Standard font definition command SD kind. ~’alue [, kind, iwlue, ... ;] This command defines (but does not select) the standard font by specifying its attributes. The meaning of kind parameter is as follows: Kind I 2 3 4 5 6 7 Attribute Symbol set Spacing Pitch Height Style Weight Typeface Default 21 (ASCII) O (monospaced) 9 cpi 1 I.5 point O (up[...]

When command SB 1 is in effect, command S1 cannot use negative param- eters and, in general. can select only approximate values of positive parameters. In addition, only one parameters has effect, the width for monospaced fonts and the height for proportional fonts. Character slant command SL tan(skuzt un~le) [;] This command specifies the slant at[...]

5.8 ESCAPE SEQUENCES IN GIJ2 MODE When the following commands are given, they have the same results, whether the printer is in the standard mode or the GL/2 mode. <ESC> E ● the initialization IN command is executed. . the picture frame is set to its default size. ● the frame anchor is set to its default position, . the plot size is set to[...]

cESC> &kn A . the picture frame is set to its default size. . the frame anchor is set to its default position. . the plot size is set to its default size. . P 1 and P2 are set to their default positions. . the cursor is set to P 1. . the clip window is set to its default size. . the polygon window is cleared. 127[...]

128[...]

This final chapter in your Star LaserPrinter 4111 Applications Manual holds two main sections. The first one will help you with your programming job, while the last provides the symbol set tables. We’ve summarized all commands in ASCII order here. You’ll find them organized by function in chapter 4 and 5. The Star LaserPrinter’s symbol sets h[...]

I Command <ESC> &f n X <ESC> &f n Y <ESC> &k n G <ESC> &k n H <ESC> &k n S <ESC> ,&/t? C <ESC> &/n D <ESC> &t’n E <ESC> &tn F <ESC> &tn H <ESC> &/}7 L <ESC> &tn O <ESC> &/n P <ESC> &/n X <ESC> &p n [...]

Command <ESC> *b n Y <ESC> *C n A <ESC> *C n B <ESC> *C n D <ESC> *C n E <ESC> *C n F <ESC> *C n G <ESC> *C n H <ESC> *C n P <ESC> *C n V <ESC> *p n X <ESC> *p n Y <ESC> *r B <ESC> *r n A <ESC> *r n F <ESC> *r n S <ESC> *r n T <ESC> *t n R &l[...]

6.1.2 GL/2 commands Command <ESC> yO n A <ESC> ~0 H B <ESC> *C n K <ESC> *C n L <ESC> *C n T <ESC> *C n X <ESC> *C n Y AA AC AD AR AT CF CI CP DF DI DR DT DV EA EP ER ES EW FI FN FP FT IN 1P IR IW LA LB LO Function Page Exit GL/2 mode 99 Enter GL/2 mode 99 Set horizontal plot size 101 Set vertical plot size[...]

Command LT PA PD PE PM PR Pu Pw RA RF RO RR RT SA SB sc- SD SI SL SM SP SR Ss Sv TD TR UL WG Wu Function Line type Plot absolute Pen down Polyline encoded Polygon mode Plot relative Pen up Pen width Fill rectangle absolute Raster fill definition Rotate coordinate system Fill rectangle relative Relative arc three points Select alternate font Select [...]

6.2 SYMBOL SETS This section gives tables of the symbol sets for the Star LaserPrinter 4111. The decimal character code of each character is shown in an inset to the lower right of the character. The hexadecimal code can be found by reading the entries at the top and left edges of the table. For example, the character “A” is in column 4 and row[...]

ID Number Symbol Name OD 1S0 60: Norwegian l--i o 2 3 4 5 6 I I I 01 I 161 I 321 I I 1 I I 1 I 17 I 331 I 491 I 651 ‘1 [ <OC2> ,, 2? + <VT> B 11 <FF> D -b <OC3J -@ <OC4> -m -E -b z #3 35 51 $4 36 52 %5 37 53 * &6 38 54 t 7 39 55 +-+ +“ 43 ‘ 59 I — I 131 1 291 I 4 I E A 7 P 112 i 114 s 115 t 116 u 117 v 118 i w[...]

I ID Number Symbol Name OE Roman Extension I r--! 9 I 251 411 “ 1 571 I 731 I 891 I 105 I I 1211 136[...]

ID Number Symbol Name OF ISO 25: French 137[...]

ID Number Symbol Name OG HP German 138[...]

ID 139[...]

I ID Number Symbol Name OK JIS ASCII 140[...]

ID Number Symbol Name ON ECMA-94 Latin 1 E o 1 I I I 11 I 1/1 I 331 I 4Y[ F 5 6 E 7 8 9 A B c 141[...]

I I Nu m S y N ON EC M Latin 1 (cont.) 1[...]

I ID Number Symbol Name 0s 1S0 11: Swedish I I 0] 1 16] I 321 1 481 I I I 11 I 171 I 331 I 491 I 651 – I 81 .- 1 10 I 26 42 I 58 I I <VT) cESCJ B + “ K E E ‘E ‘: *l&W t I..- 1 I I 1 1 I I i I — I I 131 I 291 1 451 I 61[ 143[...]

I ID Number Symbol Name Ou US-ASCII 0 1 234567 0 <NUL> — o— (a— P— ‘— n 8 1< 9 A B c D E F 144[...]

ID Number Symbol Name ID 1S0 61: Norwegian 145[...]

I ID Number Symbol Name IE 1S0 UK 2345 146[...]

ID Number Symbol Name 147[...]

ID Number Symbol Name IG 1S0 21: German 148[...]

ID Number Symbol Name 1s HP Spanish 149[...]

ID Number Symbol Name 2K 1S0 57: Chinese 150[...]

ID Number Symbol Name 2s 1S0 17: Spanish -t- 1 2 I — I 21 181 I 341 501 I 661 8 I I 3 k 3 L s c s Iiiq I I 101 261 I 421 I 581 71 151[...]

ID Number Symbol Name 2U 1S0 IRV 10111213 1 I I I w 4567 152[...]

ID Number Symbol Name 3s ISO 10: Swedish III I I II I I I I 10 I 26 I 42 I 58 I 74 I 90 a 1106 [122 <VT> <ESCJ B + “ K A k a l-i-l p ~ ‘E E , F m m 153[...]

ID Number Symbol Name 4s ISO 16: Portuguese I 1 1 154[...]

ID Number Symbol Name 5s 1S0 84: Portuguese 155[...]

I ID Number Symbol Name 6S ISO 85: Spanish 156[...]

ID Number Symbol Name 8U Roman-8 o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 k <CR> D 13 <s0> E 14 b-l% 157[...]

ID Number Symbol Name 8U Roman-8 (cont.) 158[...]

ID — Number Symbol Name 10U IBM-PC(US) ,“”[...]

ID Number Symbol Name 10U IBM-PC(US) (cont.) 160[...]

ID Number Symbol Name 1lU IBM-PC (Denmark/Norway) 161[...]

ID Number Symbol Name 1lU IBM-PC (Denmark/Norway) (cont.) CDE =El= Lla 192 208 224 LTB 193 209 225 % T lr r 194 210 226 t L z,, m 227 195 — Lx 196 212 228 + F 213022, 197 B II ■ 220 m 236 204 = 205 I @’ 237 221 JL ‘r 206 I E 23, 222 ~ ■ fl 207 223 23S a . 249 250 -4 253 162[...]

ID Number Symbol Name 12U PC-850 163[...]

ID Number Symbol Name 12U PC-850 (cont.) 164[...]

Index m [m arc commands, 106-107 ascender, 28 ASCII, 6-11 ASCII symbol set, 33 attributes. See font attributes auto parameters, 24 auto wrap, 24 Autowrap command, 59 B-; backspace command, 57 baseline, 29 baud rate, 17 binary arithmetic, 5-6 bit-mapped fonts, 2, 30 bold print, 27 carriage return, 57 cartridge fonts, 31-32, 36 character commands, 11[...]

m factory settings, 15 feed selection, 44 fill command, 113 font attributes, 25,27-29, 34,63 default, 34 See also font orientation; pitch; point size: spacing; stroke weight; style; symbol set; typeface font control commands, 61-78 font design, 79-83 font header, 80-81 font height, 28, 33, 63, 70 font ID numbers. 62, 76, 80 fbnL orientation, 20,23,[...]

N ~• ..2 networks, 40 number of copies command, 44 1:0 ON LINE button, 13 optional fonts, 2, 36 orientation. See font orientation outline fonts, 32 E-J page design. 35 page formatting commands, 20-2S, 46-50 page Iength commands, 46-47 page orientation. See font orientation paper, 21-22 continuous-form. 20 paper feed parameter, 14,20-22 paper size[...]

style commands, 26, 29.33, 63, 70 subscripts, 33 superscripts. 33 symbol sets, 25, 33-34.65-68, 134-164 ~ “— I T tab commands, 53-55 templates, 35 TEST/> button, 13 Text Length command, 49 toner cartridge, 21 top margin command, 48 transparencies. 22.118 Transparent print command, 74-75 typeface. 26, 27, 63 typeface commands, 72 u “i under[...]

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