Telex 38109-977 manual

38109-977 Prelimina ry Rev . 4, 3/2 002 H ANDBOOK OF I NTER COM S YSTEMS E NGINEERING F IRST E DITION[...]

The Fine Print The Handbook of Intercom Sys tems Engineering , first editio n, Copyright © 2000 by T elex Commun ica- tions, Inc. All rights reserved. Pr inted in th e United States of America. Except as perm itted under the U nited States Copyrigh t Act of 1 976, no par t of this publ ication may b e reproduced o r distribu ted in any f orm or by[...]

i T ABLE OF C ONTENTS Pre face- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 Ab out the Au thors - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 Inter com s—A n [...]

ii (Limita tions of Each System) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Desi gn of Pa rty -Li ne Inte rcom Sys tem s - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 21 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[...]

iii (Connectin g (Interfac ing to Other Co mmunicati ons Systems )) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 (Some Prac tical Consid erations) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Int rodu cti on to Mat rix Inter com Syste ms - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - [...]

iv De term ining In terc om N eed s - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 13 Conferenc e V ersus P oint-to-Point Req uirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 13 Fixed v s. Mobile Re quirement s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[...]

v Glo ssar y - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 129 Index - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 151[...]

vi[...]

L IST OF F IGURES Simple Party-Line S ystem - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 Simple Matrix System - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 Wireless Intercom Examples - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 Exampl[...]

A Comparison of Re lative System Sizes - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7 0 Separate Studios, Se parate Intercom - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 71 Fixed Trunking - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 72 Intelligent Trunking - [...]

3 C HAPTER 0 C HAPTER 0 C HAPTER 0 C HAPTER 0 P REF ACE Welcome to t he Telex Communicati ons, Inc. Handbook of Intercom Syst ems Engineering . T he idea for t his book came, as it does with many books and inv entions, ove r drinks at a bar. A few of us “inte rcom types ” were di scussing ou r varied histories and expe riences. We added up the [...]

4 Handboo k of Int ercom Sy stems Engi neering install ation and suppo rt of inte rcom systems . In other wor ds, we hope thi s book helps yo u get the absolute most out of your communica tions sys tems. Apart fro m the story of the bar and the t rade show, ther e is another serious reason why we h ave written this book. Intercoms (i n our opini on[...]

5 C HAPTER 0 C HAPTER 0 C HAPTER 0 C HAPTER 0 A BOU T THE A UTHO RS This handboo k is the work o f a number of pas t and pres ent Telex empl oyees, as well as, some outside e xperts (such as Stan Hubl er). Among the cont ributor s (in alphabe tical order ) are: Ta lal Aly-Yo ussef, Gene Behrend, Lar ry Benedict ( contribu tor and edit or), Rick Fi [...]

6 Handboo k of Int ercom Sy stems Engi neering[...]

Chapter 1 - Intercoms—An Overv iew 1 C HAPTER 1 C HAPTER 1 I NTERCO MS —A N O VERVI EW R ALPH S TRADER Intro ducti on Interc om systems, by definit ion, may be compri sed of many di fferent t ypes of int ercoms and subsy stems. The ba sic build ing blocks can be catego rized int o four bas ic types or elements : Party- Line Systems, Ma trix Sys[...]

2 Handbook of Interco m Systems Eng ineering Matr ix S yste ms Wired Matrix s ystems ar e syste ms in which a l arge number of in dividuals have th e abili ty to est ablish priv ate indi vidual co nversations from point A to point B. Ag ain, goi ng back to the te lephone sys tem in your neighborho od, you, your next door ne ighbor, the pi zza join [...]

Chapter 1 - Intercoms—An Overv iew 3 interc om system at some point. Th ey can rang e from as simpl e as a single pair of u nits talkin g to one ano ther, to a sys tem in which 24 or more di fferent por table uni ts are dynamical ly switch ed between c onversations . Figu re 1. 3 Wire les s Int erc om Exa mpl es Wireless systems wi ll vary tre me[...]

4 Handbook of Interco m Systems Eng ineering Figu re 1. 4 Example of Interfacin g a TW System to a Matrix System To connect a matrix i ntercom syste m to a Two-way ra dio system, a contact closure may b e requir ed to act ivate the radio tr ansmitte r. A GPI (Gener al Purpos e Interface ) betwe en the matrix a nd the bas e statio n of the radi o ca[...]

Chapter 1 - Intercoms—An Overv iew 5 Figu re 1. 5 Complex Matrix Inter com System In many cas es, connect ion to “the telephone company” is required to allow a reporter t o connect into an i ntercom from hi s or her cell pho ne, or to a llow a retur n program f eed to be fed to a remote location. A te lephon e interface (TIF) uni t provide s [...]

6 Handbook of Interco m Systems Eng ineering ISO Camera Is olate – Thi s is not res erved st rictly for the domain o f cameras a nymore. This is truly an isolate f unction, n ot unlike the action a t a party of grabbi ng the arm of a f ellow gues t, dragging them off to a corner for a p rivate conver sation, and then return ing them to their grou[...]

Chapter 2 - Introd uction to Par ty-Line I ntercom Sys tems 7 C HAPTER 2 C HAPTER 2 I NTRO DUCTION TO P ARTY -L INE I NTE RCO M S YST EMS S TAN H UB LER Intro ducti on Lead ing of f th is ch apte r, Some Definiti ons that may hel p you under stand Part y-Line interc oms terms (and bu zz-words). Then, a Short Histo ry of Party- Line intercoms will b[...]

8 Handbook of Interco m Systems Eng ineering Balanced Line The bala nced line concept r educes noise p ickup by out side sour ces. A balanced two conduct or line c arries a udio that is differe ntially dr iven and ba lanced to ground. Full Duplex This is communicati on that allo ws simultan eous two-way conversatio ns, that i s, one person c an int[...]

Chapter 2 - Introd uction to Par ty-Line I ntercom Sys tems 9 stage di rectors , direct or, assistan t direct or, producti on assist ant, and ot hers. Orig inally, these c rews shared one interco m channel wher e the dir ector call ed the shot s. Later, as interc om developed , additional channels we re added so each crew c ould still listen to t h[...]

10 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering sound powe red syste m, but we do not discuss it h ere. Prese nt day Party- Line inte rcom systems may be wired o r wireles s or both. System Components and Their Function The syst em componen ts for most Par ty-Line int ercoms cons ist of powe r supplies ( or master s tations), u ser stat ions (e.g. b[...]

Chapt er 2 - Int roducti on to Part y-Lin e Interco m Systems 11 The wirel ess syst ems usually include a n interf ace to th e wired sys tems. Pri ncipal manufact urers inclu de Telex Communicati ons, Vega (now part of Clear- Com), and HME. We will go into furt her deta il on wire less syst ems in a la ter chapt er of th is manual. Wired inte rcom [...]

12 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering Altern ately, newe r units ha ve two tal k buttons, two v olume con trols, and t wo status indica tors to tel l which ta lk button is engaged . Examples: RTS ™ BP325, BP35 1, Clear- Com ® RS-522-TW, or Audiocom ® IC- 2B. Speaker User Sta tion Functional Description A typica l speaker station can fu[...]

Chapt er 2 - Int roducti on to Part y-Lin e Interco m Systems 13 4 The pin out of the he adset connect ors is a s follows: Four pin XLR Pin 1 - Mic rophone common Pin 2 - Mic rophone “ho t” Pin 3 - Hea dphone common Pin 4 - Hea dphone “hot ” Five pin XLR Pin 1 - Mic rophone common Pin 2 - Mic rophone “ho t” Pin 3 - Hea dphone common Pin[...]

14 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering System Powering Systems c an be centr ally powered with a power supply or they may be i ndividual ly powered wit h “local power” modules, also known as built- in power supplies. The sys tems can als o be a mixtu re of centra l and loca l power. In the cases of Audiocom ® syst ems and RTS ™ TW sy[...]

Chapt er 2 - Int roducti on to Part y-Lin e Interco m Systems 15 Master Stat ions These ar e multichannel statio ns. Some Master Stations are balance d ( RTS ™ TW Mode l 802/8 03) and req uire an in terface ( RTS ™ TW Model 862 or 4012) to work with unbalanc ed channel s. Master Stat ions can be configured t o work with t heir respe ctive syste[...]

16 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering strobe is powered from the RTS lin e but only d raws 10 millia mperes. It also suppl ies a relay clo sure and a logic signal . Limitations of Each System Cable ca pacitanc e, resistanc e, and cros stalk affe ct all t hree systems. The longer c ables (over 2 000 feet) li mit the numbe r of belt packs at[...]

Chapt er 2 - Int roducti on to Part y-Lin e Interco m Systems 17 3 This for mat allows louder and clearer communication. Pa rty-Line interco ms can be wired or wirele ss or both. (System Co mponents an d Their Function) 1 The syste m components fo r most Part y-Line inter coms consist of power suppli es (or main sta tions), user station s, intercon[...]

18 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering 2 Systems c an be powere d from a centra l power sup ply or loc al powered modules. Using loc al power modul es allows more station s to be on t he system. 3 If a st ation is too far away to get enou gh DC power, bat teries can b e used as a work- around. 4 Headset User Statio ns have a microphone prea[...]

Chapt er 2 - Int roducti on to Part y-Lin e Interco m Systems 19 Figu re 2. 1 Audiocom ® in tercom concept. Figu re 2. 2 Clear-Com ® intercom concept.[...]

20 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering Figu re 2. 3 RTS ™ TW intercom concept. Figu re 2. 4 RTS ™ TW user statio n block diagram.[...]

Chapt er 3 - Desi gn of P arty-Lin e Interco m System s 21 C HAPTER 3 C HAPTER 3 D ESIGN OF P ARTY -L INE I NTE RCO M S YST EMS S TAN H UB LER Overview In this chapter, designing a system based on your need s is fir st approached by Defining And Meeting Your Needs . This topi c is desi gned to help y ou choose or at leas t underst and the syst em. [...]

22 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering Audioco m Party-L ine Intercom Equipm ent Listing #1 Figu re 3. 1 Generic single channel Audiocom ® system . Power Suppl y: PS2001L Spli tters: TW5W Belt Pac ks, Single Channel: BP10 02 Headset s: Leader Person: Si ngle Muff PH-1; r est of crew: Double Muff P H-2 Cables: Standard Microphone Cab les wi[...]

Chapt er 3 - Desi gn of P arty-Lin e Interco m System s 23 Clear-Co m Party-Line Intercom Equipm ent Listing #1 Figu re 3. 2 Generic single channel Clear-Co m ® system . Power Su pply: PK-5 Splitt ers: TWC-10A Belt Pack s, Single Ch annel: RS501 Headsets : Leader Pe rson: Sin gle Muff CC-95 ; rest of cr ew: Double Muff CC- 260 Cables: Standard Mic[...]

24 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering RTS TW Part y- Li ne Int erc om Equi pment Li st ing # 1 Figu re 3. 3 Generic single channel RTS ™ TW system. Power Suppl y: PS15 Spli tters: TW5W Belt Pac ks, Single Channel BP319 Headset s: Leader Person: Si ngle Muff PH-1R; r est of crew: Double Muff PH-2R Cables: Standard Microphone Cab les with [...]

Chapt er 3 - Desi gn of P arty-Lin e Interco m System s 25 Figu re 3. 4 Small TV operation. Audioco m Party-Line Equ ipment Listing #2 Power Su pply: PS2001L (Ra ck Mount, 1RU) Directo r’s Station : US2002 (Rack Mount, 1RU) Video: WM2000 ( Wall Mount) Graphics : WM2000 (Wall Mount ) Cameras an d Floor Manage r: BP1002 (Be lt Packs) Headsets Direc[...]

26 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering Headset s: Cameras: Double Muff CC60 IFBs : TR-5 0 (In clu des ea rse t) Spli tter: T WC-10A Cables: Standard Microphone Cab les with XLR-3 co nnectors. One cable pe r channel . Note /2 indi cates two microphone c ables requi red. RTS TW Pa rty-Line Eq uipment Listing #2 Power Suppl y: PS31 Rack Mount [...]

Chapt er 3 - Desi gn of P arty-Lin e Interco m System s 27 Audioco m Party-Line Equ ipment Listing #3 Power Su pply: PS2001L (Ra ck Mount, 1RU) Stage Manag er’s Stat ion: US2002 (Rac k Mount, 1RU) Dressing Rooms and Green Room: SS1002 (Si ngle channel wall mount s tation; if a portabl e speaker station is desired, add an S, U, or P box). Crew: BP[...]

28 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering Application 4 T raining Systems Audioco m Figu re 3. 6 Audiocom ® based trainin g intercom system. The tra ining system c onsists o f an instruc tor and mul tiple two -student cre ws. In the case of Audiocom, ea ch of the six two-s tudent gr oups are independent ly addres sable by the i nstruct or. Wh[...]

Chapt er 3 - Desi gn of P arty-Lin e Interco m System s 29 Clear-Com Figu re 3. 7 Clear-Com ® based train ing intercom sys tem. It just hap pens that th e Clear-Com ® syst em is the si mp lest fo r th is app lica tio n, sin ce t he Master St ation, MS-812 A has the t hree pin XLR c onnectors for 12 chan nels on the r ear panel. The MS-812 has sev[...]

30 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering RTS ™ TW Figu re 3. 8 RTS ™ TW based training intercom sy stem. The RTS ™ TW syst em for this a pplicat ion is the next simples t, and has a dded feature s. The stud ent crews c an have complet ely priva te conversat ions, yet are sti ll reachabl e via the cal l light paging syste m. Each BP325 b[...]

Chapt er 3 - Desi gn of P arty-Lin e Interco m System s 31 Appli cation 5 Medi um System for T elevision Figu re 3. 9 Medium intercom system for television. This shows an RTS ™ TW l arg e 12-c han ne l syste m. T his is a s yst em th at is in me diu m truck s th at hav en’ t yet sw itch ed ov er to a co mbin ati on m atri x a nd P ar ty-Li ne s[...]

32 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering output of a Master Station o r User Stati on with a “Hot Mic” output. The IFB elect ronics recei ves its pr ogram audio from the au dio mixer b oard. The IFB System (One W ay Communicati ons System) IFB is a te levi sio n acro nym for I nte rrup ted Feed Ba ck, In ter rup ted Fol dBac k, I nte rrup[...]

Chapt er 3 - Desi gn of P arty-Lin e Interco m System s 33 In some more extr eme cases , only a single pair of wires may be availa ble. In this ca se, pl ug the tal ent’s ster eo headset into the stereo c onnection on the talen t receiv er, then co nnect the high side of t he pair to pi ns 2 and 3 of the XLR3 connect or and the low side t o pin 1[...]

34 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering Some of th ese are: 1 Mode diff erences. There are s everal n ot directly compatibl e modes of opera tion: two wire mode, four wire mo de, full duplex mode , half dupl ex mode, simplex mode. Examples: the TW System is t wo-wire fu ll duplex , the ADAM ™ ma trix is fou r-wir e full d uplex, the teleph[...]

Chapt er 3 - Desi gn of P arty-Lin e Interco m System s 35 Modes The fo llowing mode s exist i n interc om syste ms: M2) Two-Wire. M4) Four -Wire. The fo llowing su b-modes are consider ed for two-wir e and four -wire: M2F) Two-Wire, Full Duplex. M2H) Two-Wire, Simplex. M4F) Four-W ire, Full Dupl ex. M4H) Four-Wir e, Simplex. Level Problems One pro[...]

36 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering Interf acing Practice Interfacing T elevision Camera Intercom System s to TW Systems General Camera C onfiguration Information for T elevision Cameras (except E NG units) Televi sion camera s used in b roadcast and indust ry usually ha ve two part s: a camer a head and a came ra contro l unit (CCU) . T[...]

Chapt er 3 - Desi gn of P arty-Lin e Interco m System s 37 TELCO = Teleph one-lines in two -wire mode Two-wire = Clear-Co m, ROH, HME, R-Columbi a, Protech, Th eatre Tec hniques, Te lex**, some tele vision ca meras Four Wire = RTS ™ ADAM ™ interc om , Philip Dra ke, Lin k, Mc Cu rdy, W ard Beck, A DM , Farrtr onics, PESA, Audi x, Datatr onics, [...]

38 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering Headphone Imp edances Low imp edance headpho nes are louder, c ausing t he user s tation to draw more c urrent fr om its powe r source. High i mpedance head phones are n ot as loud, d rawing less cur rent. Many user st ations h ave a headph one impedanc e range from 25 - 600 ohms. Headphones up to 2, 0[...]

Chapt er 3 - Desi gn of P arty-Lin e Interco m System s 39 Cable Considerations Crosstalk Use sh ielded cable t o inter connect u ser sta tions i n areas of possibl e elect rical i nterfer ence, (areas such as th ose near: di gital equ ipment, hig h current pri mary power c onductors “power out lets”, t ransformers , transmit ters, and lighting[...]

40 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering System Curr ent/System Capacitances/Loading The syst em current s are determi ned by seve ral parame ters: 1 The c urrent requi red to su pply stand by current for each user sta tion. 2 The cu rrent requi red to su pply the dy namic current to genera te line s ignal, hea dphone signal s, speaker signal[...]

Chapt er 3 - Desi gn of P arty-Lin e Interco m System s 41 user st ations wi ll normally c ontinue t o operate if one can only figure o ut a way to f lip the switches and to uch only th e knobs. Moisture / Contamination Protection If, in th e fi eld, a so ft d rink or s omet hin g li ke it is s pill ed in to t he eq uip men t, the eq uipm ent can b[...]

42 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering 9 A trai nin g syst em usu ally c ons ists of a st atio n fo r the in str uct or an d mu ltiple , indepen dently add ressable st udent sta tions. 10 I n a large system for televi sion produc tion, addi tional acce ssory equipment a llow expandi ng the Part y-Line into 12 or more Par ty-Line c hannels, [...]

Chapt er 3 - Desi gn of P arty-Lin e Interco m System s 43 8 Extendin g the range and using “local powe ring” may reduc e a two-cha nnel syst em to one ch annel at th e remote station. 9 Crossta lk in a two chan nel syste m such as th e RTS TW syste m can be red uced by “home runni ng” the ca bles to a central point wher e the spli tters a [...]

44 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering[...]

Chapter 4 - Introduction to Matrix Intercom Systems 45 C HAPTER 4 C HAPTER 4 I NTRODU CTION TO M ATRIX I NTE RCO M S YST EMS R ALPH S TRADER Intro ducti on While the re is an e xtensive glo ssary in t he back of this book , some definit ions will be given her e to aid in t he follo wing chapte r. Defin itions Ports Refe rs to th e nu mbe r of co nn[...]

46 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering Figu re 4. 1 The KP-32 is a good ex ample of an advanced u ser station (keypanel) . GP I (or GPI/O ) General Purpose In terface or General Pur pose Input /Output. This r efers to l ogical input s and ou tputs th at can be wi red to ext ernal devic es for var ious purp oses (henc e the term “Gene ral [...]

Chapter 4 - Introduction to Matrix Intercom Systems 47 Figu re 4. 2 Example of Matrix Ports History of Matrix Intercoms Properl y, it can be sa id that ma trix int ercom systems go back to th e advent of automated centra l office telephone swi tching sy stems in 189 2. Matrix inte rcoms, even t oday, owe a great d eal to th e concep ts and te chnol[...]

48 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering In the late 1970’ s, microproces sors beca me availab le and the fi rst tru ly intelli gent inter com system, th e McCurdy 9400, was de livered . This was th e first sys tem that us ed data se nt from th e user sta tions as oppo sed to one wi re per i ntercom key. As micropr ocessor tech nology impro[...]

Chapter 4 - Introduction to Matrix Intercom Systems 49 As you can s ee in Tabl e 4.1, while a ten-use r system “only ” require s 100 crosspoi nts for all pos sible communica tions pat hs, a 100-us er syste m requires 10,000 crosspoi nts. Now, reali ze the number of crosspoi nts has a d irect corr elation to power con sumption, phy sical size, a[...]

50 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering Figu re 4. 4 A comparison of the 9400 Inter com System to the 9500 Intercom System ( see inset). The 9500 represented a treme ndous reduction in physical size. By 1988, th e limits o f the square archite cture were beginning to show. The 3 50 port McCurdy 9700 matrix int ercom syst ems that NBC commi s[...]

Chapter 4 - Introduction to Matrix Intercom Systems 51 and switc hing systems muc h earlie r, and now it would be app lied to matri x intercom systems. In a TDM matrix, t he incoming signals fr om users (mic rophones o r headsets) are run through a n A/D convert er and as signed a “ti me slot” on a TDM backplane . A good (altho ugh not stric tl[...]

52 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering Figu re 4. 6 Conventional Matrix vs. TDM Matrix Today, nearly all matrix int ercoms are ba sed on TDM or si milar tec hnology. Tel ex manufact ures the RTS™ Zeus™, ADAM™-CS and ADAM™ TDM Matrix in tercoms, Clear- Com has the Matr ixPlus3, and o ther manufa cturers in Europe o ffer TDM-based sol[...]

Chapter 4 - Introduction to Matrix Intercom Systems 53 Special Consider ations When consid ering the type of i ntercom sys tem to ins tall for a g iven appli cation, the re are many fact ors to ta ke into ac count and man y of these hav e been disc ussed in a n earlier chapter . These fac tors are di scussed in detail in t he follo wing secti on on[...]

54 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering your te lephone; Ca ll Bill, press the “Con f” button again; ca ll Chuck, t hen press the “CONF button , and you have a confere nce with a ll parties involved. With a matri x inter com system, you press the talk keys assigned to Alice, Bil l and Chuck and say “Meet me on Tech PL” . You, Alice[...]

Chapter 4 - Introduction to Matrix Intercom Systems 55 Figu re 4. 7 Typical Keypa nel Normally, a user sta tion prov ided by the manufacturer of the i ntercom per forms all of these f unctions. However, suppo se the use r requires a user stati on to be ve ry small, l ow cost, and mounted in a single gang e lectri cal box, and that the st ation onl [...]

56 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering Output fro m a Previous UPL Stat ement GPI Input Local GPI I nput Status o f a GPI Output Status o f a Local GPI Output Talk Ke y St atu s Listen Key Status UPL Resource Crosspoi nt Status Input Talk ing Output List ening Headset Tra nsfer Swit ch Status Current Dat e Current Ti me IFB I nterr up ted C[...]

Chapter 4 - Introduction to Matrix Intercom Systems 57 input 1 - -> outputs 4 3, 44, 45 input 3 - -> output 43 program i nput 1 --> output 45 also in hibit th e foll owing cros spoints: program i nput 1 --> output 1 Issue the fo llow ing A SCII Comm and S tring to the Matr ix: IN1FI43F44F 45F1IIN3FI43F INPG1FI45F The simpli fied ASCII c[...]

58 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering You are i n your kitche n – QUICK, multipl y 347.2 time s 15.8 – Well let ’s see, I co uld go down to the den, t urn on the c omputer, wai t for Windows ® to boot up ( have a cup o f coffee ), start my spr eadsheet program, and ty pe in “=347.2*1 5.8<enter> ,” read the a nswer – “o[...]

Chapter 4 - Introduction to Matrix Intercom Systems 59 So now…Quick ! You need t o setup an int ercom on the roof of yo ur facilit y to cover a local p arade. You ca n go to your matrix in tercom, loc ate two unus ed ports, assemble appropri ate length three pai r cables, fi sh the ca bles up to the roof. Then fish a power cord to the r oof, take[...]

60 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering[...]

Chapt er 5 - Desi gn of M atrix In tercom Sy stems 61 C HAPTER 5 C HAPTER 5 D ESI GN OF M ATRIX I NTE RCO M S YST EMS R ALPH S TRADER Intro ducti on In this chap ter, w e wil l addr ess th e ma jor issu es an d co nside rati ons for de sig nin g a matr ix interc om system. At the end of the chapter, you wil l not know everythi ng to specify, pl an,[...]

62 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering unless otherwise noted, the comments als o apply to ADAM™ -CS and Zeus™ i nterco m systems. Previou sly, we disc ussed the analogy betwee n telephon e systems a nd matrix int ercom systems – the anal ogy is not correct in a ll cases , here are some exception s. Figu re 5. 1 Typical ADAM™ Matrix[...]

Chapt er 5 - Desi gn of M atrix In tercom Sy stems 63 As recei ved “out of the box,” a matrix inte rcom syst em needs to be configure d (progra mmed). This can include how many users are connec ted, how many co nference s are expe cted, what y ou wish to name t he users, wh o can talk to whom, and, ju st as importan tly, who can not talk to who[...]

64 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering Camera 2 Camera 3 Floor Di rector Tel ePr ompT er Anchor A Anchor B Anchor C Weather Control Room Direct or Produ cer TD PA 1 PA 2 Segment Pr oducer Audio Oper ator News Computer Operator Font Oper ator Other Green Room Makeup Do this f or all loc ations; i t will give you a quick “port coun t” for[...]

Chapt er 5 - Desi gn of M atrix In tercom Sy stems 65 • Does the user regularl y need the ability to adjust indivi dual volumes of the key s (not to be confus ed with th e overall volume control which all pa nels have) ? If yes, a Level Control Panel shoul d be added to t heir sta tion. • Is spac e an issue ? Can a smaller panel be ch osen whic[...]

66 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering Figu re 5. 2 A wide variety of k eypanel options exis t. Here we have a selection of R TS™ keypanels that fit a rang e of needs. Small keypanels such as th e (A) KP-12LK and (B) WKP-4 provid e an interface for those with lim ited k eypanel needs. The (G) KP-96-7, a medium sized unit, was the workhors[...]

Chapt er 5 - Desi gn of M atrix In tercom Sy stems 67 Let’s pr oceed on t he basis that you have no w compiled a l ist of neede d equipment , have gotten a pprovals, placed th e order, an d are n ow ready to b egin the inst allati on of your system. Cable Considerations Cabling t ypes do var y considerab ly among the manufactur ers of matri x int[...]

68 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering buzz” au dible in t hat audi o signal. The da ta signal would not c arry for as great of distan ces. This t ype of error is second in the to p ten of i nitial i nstallati on proble ms, after address ing mista kes. ADAM™ and ADAM™-CS systems are also avai lable with o ther wiri ng schemes, includ [...]

Chapt er 5 - Desi gn of M atrix In tercom Sy stems 69 We talk ed earlie r ab out ho w add res sing of ke ypan els is crit ical in the ma trix in terc om system. The way in which addresses wor k is as fol lows: In a give n group of 8 panels sh aring a co mmon data lin e, the data ge ts sent f rom a keypanel to and fr om a matrix by a pr ocess cal le[...]

70 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering Figu re 5. 4 A Comparison o f Relative System Sizes These are the number s of port s that ar e availa ble in a s ingle RTS™ interc om matrix from Telex. Ot her manufac turers offe r systems in sizes fr om eight to approximat ely 500 ports. As you can s ee, size is not a limitat ion in most cas es. At[...]

Chapt er 5 - Desi gn of M atrix In tercom Sy stems 71 Now, let’s take the oppo site tac k; what woul d be the re asons for goi ng to a si ngle large matrix? Some of the reas ons might i nclude: • Opera tions requ ire abi lity for any of the 5 12 users to communi cate with any of the ot her users. • Desire f or singl e point of admi nistrat io[...]

72 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering jackfi eld. Then, simply con nect the out put of Product ion PL from Studio A to the input of Product ion PL for St udio B, and c onversely, co nnect the output of P roduction PL f rom Studio B t o the inp ut of Produ ction PL fo r Studio A. Do the same for Tec hnical PLs. Figu re 5. 6 Fixed Tru nking [...]

Chapt er 5 - Desi gn of M atrix In tercom Sy stems 73 The techn ique descr ibed is c alled trunki ng ; the two ports of e ach syste m assigned t o PLs have been “trunked” to one anot her. For r easons tha t will become clear la ter, we ref er to this a s “d umb” or u nin tell ige nt tr unki ng. That isn’ t to say t hat it isn ’t a bril [...]

74 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering Figu re 5. 7 Intelligent Trunking Now, al l we need to do is assign “area code s” to ide ntify whic h matrix has whi ch port. I n actua lity , in th e Telex ® Int elligent Tr unking syst em, the trunk mas ter figure s out which matrix h as which port s and keeps tr ack of it f or you. If you as si[...]

Chapt er 5 - Desi gn of M atrix In tercom Sy stems 75 “Great” you say, “Why not always tru nk and avoid HUGE ma trices?” I ’m glad you as ked that que stion. First, t here is wh at I refer t o as the “ Mother’s Day Syndrome.” Mothe r’s Day rolls around, and all good sons an d daughter s decide to c all thei r dear, sweet mom and w[...]

76 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering exists for the trunk master t o route a si gnal from A to C a nd from C to B, ther eby bypassi ng the bot tleneck. Figu re 5. 8 Casca ded Trunking Anoth er advanta ge of trunki ng is that there i s no requir ement for the indiv idual matr ices involve d to be i n close proxi mity. Syst ems, which ar e [...]

Chapt er 5 - Desi gn of M atrix In tercom Sy stems 77 By using t he Bus Expander with multiple ADAM™ frames, a single electric al matr ix can be locat ed floor s or build ings apart wi thin a compl ex, and yet function as a single l arge matr ix. Now that we ha ve discuss ed a number of differe nt meth ods used to c reate la rge inter coms, and h[...]

78 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering Figu re 5. 9 TW and Matrix Signal Flows In a wir eless in tercom system, t he communicat ion may be f ull duple x, with the two s ides of the conversat ion carri ed on two se parate fre quencies. T his is th e case wit h all the Telex ® Ra dioCom ™ pr oducts. I n this way, t he sig nal format i s es[...]

Chapt er 5 - Desi gn of M atrix In tercom Sy stems 79 Figu re 5. 1 0 Wireless Intercom I nterfaced to Matrix Intercom Since th e RadioCom ™ syste m is full duplex, wit h the base station tr ansmittin g continu ously, ther e is no need f or the mat rix inte rcom to prov ide a PTT (Pus h To Talk) signa l to the b ase . In the c ase of ra dio syste [...]

80 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering Figu re 5. 11 GPI/O Impl emented PTT (Pus h-To-Talk) As mentione d earlie r, TW systems are, by definitio n, two-wire ( one pair) communi cations systems, having bot h talk and listen p resent at t he same time on the same conduc tors. In order to connect a TW inter com system to a four-wir e system an[...]

Chapt er 5 - Desi gn of M atrix In tercom Sy stems 81 Figu re 5. 1 2 TW to Matrix Interface The hybri d, in Figur e 5.12, acts as a “traff ic cop” al lowing th e talk signa l from the matrix to be a ppl ied to the bi-di rect ion al TW line w hi le bl ockin g it s ret urn w hen th e ta lk sig nal from the TW is pr esent ed to the matrix . The ef[...]

82 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering here i s specifi c to RTS ™ ADAM , ADAM ™ -CS and Zeus . Th e ba sic c onc epts hol d for other mat rix interc oms on th e ma rket. A brie f wor d on the ar chi tect ure of th e ADAM ™ , ADA M ™ -CS and Zeus ™ matrix inter com systems will set the s tage. Zeus is the en try-level ma trix and [...]

Chapt er 5 - Desi gn of M atrix In tercom Sy stems 83 a conne cted matr ix and the best way to learn t he progr ams is to instal l them. An exte nsive help file is pro vided a nd the prog ram is lai d out in a logic al manner. Because t he config uration soft ware is run on a standar d Windows PC, and communicates with th e matrix via a st andard s[...]

84 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering[...]

Chapter 6 - Introduction to Wireless Intercom Systems 85 C HAPTER 6 C HAPTER 6 I NTRODUC TION TO W IRELE SS I NTE RCO M S YST EMS T OM T U RKIN GTON Introduction to Wireless Intercoms Wireless interco ms have a lon g and import ant hist ory as part o f the communic ation profess ional’s repertoire . They have go ne through many changes and techno[...]

86 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering (now oft en called HTs o r Handie-Ta lkies) h ave higher ope rating powe r which affor ds substa ntially increased ope rating r ange of over a mile or more in some cas es. This r ange can be in creased to cove r an entire city by the use of repeater stations loc ated at the top of centra lly loca ted b[...]

Chapter 6 - Introduction to Wireless Intercom Systems 87 Figu re 6. 1 The first beltpack based wireless intercom system. Each user station in the sy stem consis ted of two beltpacks, one for t ransmit and on e for receiv e. Two beltpa cks were neces sary to co mbat the phe nomenon know as d esensing, where a t ransmitter i n close p roximity to a r[...]

88 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering duplex o peration . This enabl es all us ers on the system to speak and he ar other users simulta neously witho ut “coveri ng” other users’ tra nsmissions. The d emands of modern broadcast productions make the f ull-dupl ex operat ion of wir eless inter com systems an a bsolute ne cessity for sta[...]

Chapter 6 - Introduction to Wireless Intercom Systems 89 The answer to the fr equency pr oblem is to ut ilize a d igitally s ynthesiz ed, frequency a gile system. Tha t may sound s imple enough in theory, but in real ity, desi gning such a pr oduct is a tot ally diff erent matt er. A digi tally synthe sized, fr equency ag ile system must not only i[...]

90 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering Special Considerations Wirel ess communic ations ar e here to stay. They h ave become an integ ral part of the tota l profes sional co mmunications package. The re are, however , many fact ors assoc iated wit h wirele ss that n eed to be un derstood and a ddressed t hat do not come into play with hardw[...]

Chapter 6 - Introduction to Wireless Intercom Systems 91 Tabl e 6. 1 Standard US televisi on channel allocations. Chan Start Video Chroma Audio 2 54 55.250 58.829 5 59.7 50 3 60 61.250 64.829 5 65.7 50 4 66 67.250 70.829 5 71.7 50 5 72 73.250 76.829 5 77.7 50 6 78 79.250 82.829 5 83.7 50 7 174 175.250 178.82 95 179. 750 8 180 181.250 184.82 95 185.[...]

92 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering Having touched brie fly on the FCC r ules, I must inform you t he vast majo rity of us ers, not only of wireless intercoms, but of wirel ess mics an d IFBs as wel l, do not obtai n licens es. In fact, hi storicall y, many users of UHF wireless gea r, outside of te levision broad casters or people wo rk[...]

Chapter 6 - Introduction to Wireless Intercom Systems 93 (IM) or inte rmod as it is often cal led, happens when two or more frequenc ies mix in a non- linear device an d produce a number of rela ted diff erent fr equencies known as intermod ulation p roducts. We look at interm odulation in more det ail in the n ext chapter, but suff ice to s ay, ch[...]

94 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering[...]

Chapter 7 - Design of Wirele ss Int ercom Syst ems 95 C HAPTER 7 C HAPTER 7 D ESI GN OF W IRELE SS I NTE RCO M S YST EMS T OM T U RKIN GTON Intro ducti on The desig n, and subse quent oper ation, of a wireles s intercom sys tem is, li ke any wireles s network, h ighly depe ndent on numer ous factors . Some of thes e factor s you will hav e control [...]

96 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering A brief l ook at the pr operties of t he electr omagnetic s pectrum can t ell us a lot abo ut the RF signal s that move through it. As you can see , the name el ectro-mag netic is really a combinat ion of two wor ds, elect ron (or e lectronic) and magnet (or magnetic) . The reason for th is is th at wa[...]

Chapter 7 - Design of Wirele ss Int ercom Syst ems 97 Figu re 7. 2 An example of wireless transmission and reception. In Figur e 7.2, the t ransmitt er is a de vice that ha s an input for infor mation, audio, data, or some oth er form of inte lligenc e called a sour ce signal , that needs to get from her e to there. The tr ansmitter t hen take s th[...]

98 Handbook o f Interc om Systems En gineering because it shows why a wave that travel s twice as far as ano ther wave of equal magnitude is not half as s trong. Take the followin g example: Two transmi tters TXA and TXB both emit signals th at are exactl y the same at 1 Watt of power. The signal fr om TXA travel s 10 units. Power at that point can[...]

Chapter 7 - Design of Wirele ss Int ercom Syst ems 99 Figu re 7. 5 The orientat ion of the radiator (antenna) det e rmines the polarization, and therefore, the orientation of the E and H fields. Transmit and recei ve antennas of the same s ystem must be ori ented in the same di rection (plane) to have a proper trans fer of t he carrier. In theory ,[...]

100 Handboo k of Interco m Systems Eng ineering Figu re 7. 8 An example of combining waves that are n ot 180° out of phas e. Interference As mention ed earlier , multipat h can be des cribed as a form of self interf erence ca used when a ref lected RF ca rrier ar rives at the recei ve antenna along with an RF carrier that has taken a direct pa th.[...]

Chap ter 7 - Des ign of Wir eles s Inte rcom Syste ms 101 greatl y. As these levels are c hanged over a wide rang e, the rec eiver perfo rmance will be greatl y degraded . The gre ater the physical distance between tr ansmitter and rece iver, the less t he receiv er will be affected. Li kewise, th e greater the frequen cy separat ion between the tw[...]

102 Handboo k of Interco m Systems Eng ineering Reducing the effe ct that i ntermodulati on can have on your wir eless inter com system comes down to a f ew importa nt princi ples. Fir st, and foremost, you must pic k freque ncies that a re intermo d free with e ach other and with sur rounding tra nsmitters. Se cond, you should p ick wirel ess inte[...]

Chap ter 7 - Des ign of Wir eles s Inte rcom Syste ms 103 occu r. In s ome s itu ation s, it is pos sible for this to cau se dam age to ei ther t he tr ansm itte r, transmissi on line, and/ or antenna. Now let’s look at the r eceiver and it’s primary fu nctional asp ects (se e Figure 7. 11). The receiv er in a wir eless sy stem is the exact com[...]

104 Handboo k of Interco m Systems Eng ineering Figu re 7. 12 Good linearity is a must for fa ithful signal reprodu ction. The next receiver section we look at is t he firs t local o scillator (LO). The job of the fi rst LO is t o provide a refer ence sign al that is a fi xed dist ance fro m the op erating frequency of the syst em. It is very impor[...]

Chap ter 7 - Des ign of Wir eles s Inte rcom Syste ms 105 Antenna & Cab le Consi derati ons Antennas and cables (transmissi on lines) are one o f the least thought ab out aspects o f a wireles s system amon g RF novices . Good quality a ntennas an d cables, however, are some of the mos t importan t aspects t o establi shing and maint aining a q[...]

106 Handboo k of Interco m Systems Eng ineering squeeze d the ball oon’s cent er with your hands, a cor respondin g bulge would app ear on either end. The ba lloon is not any large r or smaller than it was, it has only changed s hape. This is how a real world ante nna works. Wh en energy is f ocused in one direc tion, it mu st always b e at the e[...]

Chap ter 7 - Des ign of Wir eles s Inte rcom Syste ms 107 Figu re 7. 1 4 An example of a Yagi antenna. There ar e two very c ommonly used di rection al antenna s in wireles s communic ations systems t oday, Yagi a nd Log Periodic antennas. We will not c over the t echnical differ ences of t hese antenn as here, but we will discuss t he functi onal [...]

108 Handboo k of Interco m Systems Eng ineering can gre atly impro ve system pe rformance and decrea se harmful interfere nce. In gene ral, it is a goo d idea to c hoose a n antenna t hat is j ust wide e nough to han dle the de sired ope rating freque ncies. One more not e on dire ctional antennas. Becau se FCC rules concernin g transmit power (Eff[...]

Chap ter 7 - Des ign of Wir eles s Inte rcom Syste ms 109 Resu lts ar e calcu lated and can vary . Figu re 7. 1 6 The typical parts of co axial cable. Installation Having al l the ri ght gear a nd all the pr oper freq uencies s elected i s a good fi rst ste p to having a top notch, h ighly eff ective, wire less communi cations s ystem. However, hav[...]

110 Handboo k of Interco m Systems Eng ineering wirele ss beltp acks, i t is import ant to lo cate th e base a ntennas a s high as possible . Getting a few extr a feet up wil l often ma ke a large di fference in overal l system perf ormance. When i nstalli ng the wireless base st ation i t is i mportant to avoid loca ting it n ear c omputer or othe[...]

Chap ter 7 - Des ign of Wir eles s Inte rcom Syste ms 111 pinched i n a door, or bent sharpl y around a c orner, th e charact eristics o f the cable c an be changed dr amatical ly and have a signific ant negat ive affect o n system per formance. Electr omagnetic f ields gener ated by oth er radios, AC po wer, arc wel ders or…, well you get th e i[...]

112 Handboo k of Interco m Systems Eng ineering[...]

Chapter 8 - Determining Intercom Needs 11 3 C HAPTER 8 C HAPTER 8 D ETER MINING I NTERC OM N EEDS D AVE R I CHARDSON Conferen ce V ersus Point-to-Po int Requirements As previo usly disc ussed in thi s book, ther e are at least two typ es of wire d interco m systems: conference (two-wi re) and point-to -po int ( fou r-wi re) . Although the confer en[...]

114 Handboo k of Interco m Systems Eng ineering subconsc ious panel different iation. With a separat e module use d for ever y form of communicat ion, a Dire ctor’ s stati on may have se parate panel s for PL, I SO, point-to poi nt, and IFB co ntrol. A mini mal link e xists betw een the c ontrol stat ions and su b-systems. The link i s provided b[...]

Chapter 8 - Determining Intercom Needs 11 5 the choi ce, but di gital in terfaces, s uch as the SSA424, yield good inter system transpa rency. As a result, an i nitial t wo-wire pur chase can interconnec t to an ADAM or Zeus four -wire host l ater wit hout signifi cant tr ans-hybrid l osses. Fixed vs. Mobi le Requirements A General Ove rview In the[...]

116 Handboo k of Interco m Systems Eng ineering Determining Intercom Needs , two-wire, four-wire, or both? In dete rminin g interco m needs for a specifi c applic ation, we begin by f irst givin g exam ples o f in terco m req uire men ts. T hen, we wi ll at temp t to sp ecif y an RTS ™ intercom system t o fill that requirement . Although s pecifi[...]

Chapter 8 - Determining Intercom Needs 11 7 TW5W Splitter This rugge d unit allows up t o five BP-32 5’s to connect to a central location. It can be used outside the truc k and place d directly o n the groun d. Using it , only one mic rophone cable needs t o be connec ted from the truck t o the camer amen, which is useful whe n the sho ot is seve[...]

118 Handboo k of Interco m Systems Eng ineering We brief ly touched upon the primar y forms of communicatio n used in tel evision broad cas t. Thes e ar e P L, I FB, ISO, an d PP , w ith the firs t two (P L a nd IF B) bein g t he m ost importa nt in orde r to produ ce a televis ion progr am such as th e news. Let’s t ake the example o f the mediu[...]

Chapter 8 - Determining Intercom Needs 11 9 Figu re 8. 2 Figure 3. Block diagr am of a medium s ized intercom s ystem using two-wire. The forms of comm unications depicted here are six conference lines and eight IFB circuits. 862 System Interconnect The Model 862 System Int erconnect Pane l is the bridge betw een the Seri es 800 two-wi re balance d[...]

120 Handboo k of Interco m Systems Eng ineering 4025A Splitter The 4025A co mbining d evice paral lels up to f our, 25 pair cables t o yield on e cable to connect to the 401 0 IFB Central Electro nics Unit . 4030 T a lent User Station The 4030 t alent use r station i s a distri buted ampli fier with i nterrupt and non-inte rrupt volume controls. St[...]

Chapter 8 - Determining Intercom Needs 12 1 Zeus™ DSP2400 Matrix The Zeus ™ Matrix i s light weight, rug ged, powerful , and easy to interconn ect. It als o comes with a wonderful manual and h as terrifi c specif ication s. It contai ns 24 ports for connecti ng to the four- wire devices. Th e connectors are al ready install ed on the back plane[...]

122 Handboo k of Interco m Systems Eng ineering matr ix panels, th ese key s can be prog rammed eith er at the panel it self, or fr om the config uration c omputer (not s hown) that i s attached to the Zeus . IFB828 IFB Pow er Supply This uni t is the Model 4010’s matrix bro ther. Sinc e all prior ity, tally, and inter rupt chor es and handl ed b[...]

Chapter 8 - Determining Intercom Needs 12 3 Large Stu dio or Mo bile V ehicle Befo re the adv ent of the digita lly contr olle d ma trix syste m, la rge inter com s yst ems w ere cumbersome t o specif y. The engineer had to know pr ecisely how many forms o f communic ation to obt ain for t he system. Any increase in these af ter the i nitial sal e [...]

124 Handboo k of Interco m Systems Eng ineering large design eff ortless. Appa rent in o ur sample syst em is the ADAM her e is a store house for 10 separat e interc om systems! The se inter nal int ercom syst ems are co nfigured to work separa tely or c oncurrently with each o ther. With the new automa ted server f eature in AZ- Edit, f iles can b[...]

Chapter 8 - Determining Intercom Needs 12 5 In our l arge interc om system, we f ind 4 IFB x 6 l arge control rooms plus 4 IFB x 4 smal l control rooms. This makes our IFB c ount 40, whic h brings o ur total cou nt so far to 100. This means we cannot use a n ADAM ™ -CS 64x64 for this appl ication . Cameras Most high- end cameras are capable of op[...]

126 Handboo k of Interco m Systems Eng ineering KP96-7 Keypanel The KP96-7 ma trix int ercom panel ha s 15 talk a nd 15 list en keys wit h alphanumeric displa ys. This is a perfec t quantit y for the Dir ector and Producer p ositions . In the l arge contro l rooms, we hav e added the EKP96-8 Expans ion Panel to t hese posi tions whic h gives us an [...]

Chapter 8 - Determining Intercom Needs 12 7 How old is T oo Old? Should you completel y replace your existi ng system? Proba bly not! Th e RTS ™ TW system ha s been arou nd for a long t ime. As such, there are products that have been in constant servic e for 20-2 5 years. The good news is the newer t wo-wire con ference products are compl etely c[...]

128 Handboo k of Interco m Systems Eng ineering Keyp ane ls in RTS ™ matrix systems do not store configurati ons. There fore, if a pa nel need s to be replaced at any loc ation, the new pane l will assume the ident ity of the old one . On the mat rix, there ar e diagnos tic LEDs on t he hardware t hat show if there is a problem or fa ult. Budget [...]

Glos sar y 129 C HAPTER 0 C HAPTER 0 C HAPTER 0 C HAPTER 0 G LOSSA RY A Acoustics The scienc e of sound. Acous tical A term used to differ entiate a soun d signal fr om its elect rical si gnal count erpart or represent ation. For examp le: A microphone converts an acoustica l signal (from music or speech) t o an elect rical signal. A l oudspeaker c[...]

130 Hand book of In tercom Systems En gineerin g fabrica tion must be ver y high. Advant ages of di gital circ uitry in clude 1. Fre quency resp onse, and distort ion are co nstant and i ndependent of the ci rcuitry (either it works or do esn’t, th e circui try doesn’t c hange the fre quency res ponse or dist ortion). 2. Physical aging, wear , [...]

Glos sar y 131 B Balanced l ine A balanced t wo conducto r line ca rries au dio that is diffe rentially driven and balanced t o ground. Neither co nductor is tied to circ uit common. Circ uit common is eith er tied t o a transfo rmer center tap, or is an elect rical cent er point, or not ti ed at all. The signal ( with respe ct to gro und) on one c[...]

132 Hand book of In tercom Systems En gineerin g Bridging Bridging i mpedance means an impedanc e that when paralleled with a nomin al impedanc e will have an non-s ignific ant effect on a circuit . For example: for a nominal impe dance of 600 ohms , a paralle l impedance o f 3,000 ohms (5 times ) would make the net impedance 500 ohms, 17 percent l[...]

Glos sar y 133 Digital Bu ses In the microproc essor uni ts, addres ses and dat a are moved on di gital d ata buses. These buses vary in wi dth from th ree to 16 b its. Some buses a re bi-di rectional and the lo gic transmit ting and r eceiving dat a on these buses is u sually of th e “three s tate” vari ety. Data is multip lexed on th ese buse[...]

134 Hand book of In tercom Systems En gineerin g those systems, th e crosspoint s are the actual s witches t hat close or open to connect or disconnec t talk and l isten paths. RTS™ ADAM™, ADAM™ CS, and Zeus™ Intercom Sys tems do not actuall y use cros spoint s witches, but use a techniq ue calle d time div ision mu ltiplex ing (TDM), in wh[...]

Glos sar y 135 headpho ne volume to diminish by a prese t amount whenever a talk key is acti vated. Thi s can help to prevent occasio nal feedba ck between the speaker a nd microphone due to vol ume settin gs, microphone p lacement, e tc. For se tup and usag e, search for “Speake r Dim” in the ke ypanel manual inde x. Distortion Distorti on is [...]

136 Hand book of In tercom Systems En gineerin g Earth British term for a reference gr ound. Eart h may mean power l ine ground or a facil ity zero- referen ce grou nd. Earphon e A device use d to hear an electric al audio s ignal. The ear phone conve rts elec trical si gnals to acoustic signals that can b e heard. EFP Electron ic Field Produc tion[...]

Glos sar y 137 Film-Style Directi ng Directin g separat e takes or sc enes that ar e to be la ter edit ed in post production. Th ese takes or scenes ar e not nece ssarily in the same sequence as t hey will a ppear in the f ilm or ta pe. FM Frequency Modu lation. A met hod of addi ng audio to a r adio fre quency carri er. FM signal s are usually mor[...]

138 Hand book of In tercom Systems En gineerin g and Zeus™ i ntercom sys tems, you can also cont rol inte rcom events from exter nal swit ches. For example: yo u can acti vate key a ssignments, cl ose or open crosspoi nts, acti vate GPI output s, etc. In CS9000 Series in tercom sys tems, gen eral purp ose contr ol outp uts are pr ovided by o ptio[...]

Glos sar y 139 environment s such as television studios ( news). Impeda nces: Impedanc es of head phones rang e typicall y from 2000 o hms to 2 ohms. Common i mpedances p er earphon e are 300 ohms , 150 ohms, 50 ohms , 25 ohms. Headph one total impe dances depe nd on the ea rphone impe dance and whether th ey are conn ected in series or pa rallel. [...]

140 Hand book of In tercom Systems En gineerin g either a s mall earpi ece or heads et ** th at carries t he program sou nd unless th e direc tor or another member of the producti on team oper ates the IFB a nd interr upts the pro gram soun d with special instruct ions. * IF B means Inter rupted Fe edback, or I nterrupted Fold-Back. Th is system is[...]

Glos sar y 141 ISO (Ca mer a ISO ) ISO is a me ans for a keyp an el ope rato r to iso late a part icul ar in ter com p ort for pr ivat e communicati on. While the in tercom p ort is isol ated, it can only hear audio fro m the keypane l operator . ISO is fr equently u sed in tel evision bro adcasting to tempora rily isola te a member of a camera Par[...]

142 Hand book of In tercom Systems En gineerin g Matrix “Ma trix ” is a term inh erit ed f rom earl ier po int -to- po int i nterc om s yste ms, wher e al l poin t-t o-p oint communicati on was accompl ished by clos ing speci fic switches in a swit ching matrix. Ex amples include t he RTS™ CS9500, CS96 00, and CS9700 I ntercom Syst ems. In ma[...]

Glos sar y 143 N NAB National Association o f Broadcast ers. NABET National Association o f Broadcast Employees and Te chnicians . NEC National Elec trical Code NEMA National Electric al Manuf acturers Ass ociation Nibble A nibble is half a by te or four bits. Noise Usually an unwanted sou nd or signa l that int erferes with a sound or signal nor m[...]

144 Hand book of In tercom Systems En gineerin g Peak The crest value of a voltage, cur rent, or po wer. Phantom Power There are thre e standard volta ges: 12, 24, and 48, accord ing to DIN 45 596. Voltage is appli ed to the cir cuit in a bala nced fash ion us ing a ce nter t apped tra nsformer or two r esistor s. The si ze of t he resisto rs depen[...]

Glos sar y 145 operator s using Por t Alpha setup In AZ™EDIT. (Cli ck the “Por t Alpha” butt on in AZ™EDIT, then pres s F1 on the c omputer keyb oard if you ne ed help.) Postprodu ction Productio n activi ty that occur s after the actual p roduction pha se. For exampl e the edi ting of a televis ion or mo tion pictur e producti on. Postprod[...]

146 Hand book of In tercom Systems En gineerin g Relay Frame. The rela y featur e also works with the 8 GPI outputs of an ADAM™, ADAM™ CS, or Zeus™ i ntercom sy stem (J27 o n a Zeus ™ Fram e, J90 3 on an ADAM™ CS Frame, and J1 1 on the XCP-ADAM™-MC Master Controll er Breakout Pa nel in an ADAM™ I ntercom Syst em). You can assi gn a ke[...]

Glos sar y 147 include c ompounds. Some exa mples are semiconduct or diodes, transis tors, integr ated cir cuits, transect or overvo ltage device s, thyris tors, and carbonize d substanc es. Sensitiv ity 1. The elect rical o utput of a microphone for a given SPL i nput. Open c ircuit sens itivit y is the output vol tage a micr ophone pro duces (in [...]

148 Hand book of In tercom Systems En gineerin g SMPTE/EBU Time Code Recorded on videotape or audiot ape. Provid es a time a ddress for ea ch video f rame in hour s, minutes, s econds, an d frame nu mbers. Re quires a SMPTE code gener ator to create . Some RTS™ Systems audi o equipment can be used to distrib ute SMPTE time c ode. Consult RTS™ S[...]

Glos sar y 149 T Ta l e n t Collecti ve name for all perf ormers and actors who appe ar regula rly on te levision . T alk Level 1 Talk level 1 is the no rmal talk ke y assignment. This is the assignment that normall y appears i n the alphanumeri c displa y (on keypanel s so equipp ed). You may add a talk l evel 2 assign ment to activat e a second d[...]

150 Hand book of In tercom Systems En gineerin g supply oper ates a s tring of bel t pack or o ther user stations i n an isol ated, bala nced mode. The balanced s ystem is tra nsformer c oupled into t he regula r unbalanc ed system. V V The symbol for volt. VA The symbol fo r volt-a mpere. A volt -ampere des cribes t he demand on the power line wit[...]

Index 1 I NDEX Numerics 4010 IF B Central Ele ctronics U nit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 9 4025A Sp litter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 4030[...]

2 Handbook of Interco m Systems Eng ineering demod ulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 desens ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[...]

Index 3 intermodu lation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1 Intermodu lation (IM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2 intermodu lati[...]

4 Handbook of Interco m Systems Eng ineering pollin g window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Presen t Day Sy stems an d Manufactu rers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [...]

Index 5 TW and Matrix Sign al Flows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 TW syste ms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 TW to Ma trix Interf[...]