Yamaha DX21 manual

YAMAHA AUTHORIZED PRODUCT MANUAL DIGITAL PROGRAMMABLE ALGORITHM SYNTHESIZER[...]

YAMAHA DIGITAL PROGRAMMABLE ALGORITHM SYNTHESIZER OWNER’S MANUAL[...]

CONGRATULATIONS! Your Yamaha DX21 Digital Programmable Algorithm Synthsizer incorporates the state-of-the-art in digital FM tone generation technology, providing extraordinarily vi- brant, rich voices and outstanding playability. The DX21 actually has two FM tone generators, permitting two voices to be combined and played simultaneously, or in a sp[...]

PRECAUTIONS 1. Location 2. Cleaning 3. Service and Modifications 4. Relocation 5. Handing 6. Electrical Storms (Lightning) 7. Electromagnetic Fields Choose the installation location for the DX21 with caution. Avoid locations exposed to direct sunlight or other sources of heat. Also avoid locations subject to vibration, excessive dust, cold or moist[...]

CHAPTER I: SETTING UP 1. Audio Outputs 2. Optional Foot Controllers & Foot Switches 3. Optional BC1 Breath Controller 4. Headphones 5. MIDI Terminals 6. Cassette The DX21 has two audio outputs, one for each tone generator channel. These are labelled MIX/A and B. When a plug is plugged into the MIX/A output only, the sound from both the A and B [...]

7. AC Power Plug the DX21 AC power cord into an AC wall socket. Be sure that your local line voltage matches that specified on the DX21 rear panel. The POWER switch is located next to the AC cord on the rear panel. NOTE: When setting up your system, be sure to turn the DX21 and any effects units used on BEFORE turning the main amplifier system on. [...]

CHAPTER II: PLAYING THE DX21 The DX21 has 32 RAM (Random Access Memory) locations which contain voices 1. The 32 Voice RAM which may be immediately selected by pressing the appropriate memory button Memory while the DX21 is in one of the three normal play modes described below. The two rows of 16 buttons- row A and row B-are the voice memory select[...]

Enter the DUAL mode by pressing the PLAY DUAL button. 3. The DUAL Play Mode “DU” in the upper left display corner indicates that the DUAL mode has been se- lected. The upper display line now shows the number and name of any voice selected from the “A” row of memory selectors, while the lower display line shows the number and name of any voi[...]

SPLIT POINT set at 60 The split point number on the LCD will change to the number of the pressed key, the “A” voice will be playable on all keys to its left (Including the split key), and the “B” voice will be playable on all keys to the right of the split key. This process can be repeated as many times as necessary, but you must press and [...]

THE 128 VOICES PROVIDED IN THE INTERNAL ROM GROUP 1 : PIANO GROUP 5 : BRASS GROUP 9 : PERCUSSION 2 GROUP 13 : BASS 1 Dee p Grand 1 Horns 1 Electr o Tom 1 Soli d Bass 2 Uprt Piano 2 Brite Brass 2 Timpani 2 Pluck Bass 3 Honkey Tonk 3 Flugel horn 3 Breakin 3 Synthe Bass 4 Ivory Ebony 4 Trombone 4 Xylo snare 4 Mono Bass 5 Phase Grand 5 Hard Brass 5 Syn[...]

CHAPTER III: THE FUNCTION MODE The FUNCTION mode permits access to four groups of functions : tuning functions, MIDI functions, memory management functions, and performance functions. In this chapter we’ll describe each of these functions; what they do and how they are programmed. The FUNCTION mode is accessed by pressing the FUNCTION button to t[...]

“Performance parameters” are programmable parameters which pertain mainly to 3. The Performance real-time performance effects such as how the pitch bend and modulation wheels Parameters affect the sound. All performance parameters can be memorized for each voice. If you wish that the edited data will remain in the memory, you have to store it u[...]

(2 ) “Fingered Porta” (MONO mode only): Portamento only occurs if the previously played note is held while the next note is played. This mode is useful in re- creating the effect of guitar string bending techniques, wood bass slide effects, etc. If you lift your hand off the DX21 keyboard between notes, there will be no portamento effect. Once [...]

produced depends on the settings of the LFO parameters—these will be discussed in CHAPTER V: VOICE PROGRAMMING. Note, however, that the appropriate voice PITCH MODULATION SENSITIVITY parameter must be set to a value higher than 0 for pitch modulation to be effective. The voice PITCH MODULATION SENSITIVITY parameter will also be discussed in CHAPT[...]

Data is entered using the DATA ENTRY controls and -1/+1 switches. Once this function is called, subsequent presses on the B10 button increment the data value. B11: BREATH RANGE, AMPLITUDE This function is used to set the maximum depth of LFO amplitude modulation which can be applied using the Breath Controller. The actual effect produced depends on[...]

B15: TRANSPOSE This function permits transposing the pitch of the entire DX21 keyboard up or down two octaves in semitone steps. The data range is from C1 to C5 (C3 is middle C, C2 is one octave lower than middle C, C4 is one octave higher than middle C, etc.). Immediately after this function is called the desired new key can be selected simply by [...]

imately 1/4 semitone—is achieved with a setting of 99. The detune effect is produced by simultaneously increasing the pitch of channel A while decreasing the pitch of channel B. Use the DATA ENTRY control or -1/+1 switches to enter the data for this parameter. Once the DUAL MODE DETUNE function is called, subsequent presses on the A2 button incre[...]

INITIALIZED VOICE DATA LIST When this function is called the LCD will read “Init. Voice ?“. Confirm your intention to initialize the voice edit buffer by pressing the DATA ENTRY YES button. The DX21 will then ask you to reconfirm your intention to initialize the voice with “Are You Sure ?“. Press the DATA ENTRY YES button again to actually [...]

Once you have selected the desired ROM memory group, press the DATA ENTRY YES button to go on to the next step. If you press the NO button at this point the display will revert to the “Group to Bank?” stage. If you do press the YES button, the display will prompt you to select the group of 8 memory locations to which you will load the selected [...]

You can now try out the newly loaded voice. ** Be sure to turn the MEMORY PROTECT function back ON after the load op- eration. A13: CASSETTE SAVE/VERIFY This function actually incorporates two “sub-functions” —SAVE and VERIFY. After calling this function, subsequent presses on the B13 button alternate between the SAVE and VERIFY sub- function[...]

A14: CASSETTE LOAD This function loads a complete set of 32 voices from cassette tape into the DX21 RAM voice memory. Before using this function make sure that all cassette con- nections have been properly made, as described in CHAPTER I: SETTING UP. Also make sure that the DX21 MEMORY PROTECT function (A16) is OFF. When this function is initially [...]

A16: MEMORY PROTECT This function turns the DX21 MEMORY PROTECT function ON or OFF. When ON, the internal RAM voice memory cannot be altered using the STORE, INTERNAL MEMORY LOAD, or CASSETTE LOAD functions. The MEMORY PROTECT function does not affect the voice edit buffer, so the INIT VOICE, EDIT RECALL, INTERNAL MEMORY LOAD SINGLE, and CASSETTE L[...]

The data turned ON or OFF by this function consists of the following: (a) KEY VELOCITY: Initial touch response data. Although the DX21 does not have key velocity sensitivity (keyboard touch response), its tone generator is capable of receiving key velocity information from an external keyboard which has this capability. (b) MODULATION WHEEL: Modula[...]

CHAPTER IV: THE PERFORMANCE MEMORY 1. Performance Memory Organization 2. Accessing the Performance Memory 3. Programming the Performance Memory 4. The Performance Name In addition to the DX21’s 32 voice RAM memories and 128-voice ROM memory, the DX21 also features a special 32 performance memory system. This performance memory can be programmed w[...]

CHAPTER V: VOICE PROGRAMMING Before you begin actually programming or editing your own voices, a basic un- 1. The Basics Of FM derstanding of how digital FM synthesis works will be necessary. In the following Synthesis explanation we will discover how the DX21’s FM voice generator produces complex voices. This information will help you to underst[...]

Operators do not have to be connected “vertically” in a modulator-carrier re- lationship, as shown above. The outputs of two operators can also be mixed—just as the stops in an organ are mixed. In this case the sounds are simply added together with no modulation effect. ALGORITHMS We have seen two different ways that two operators may be comb[...]

The bottom operator of a stack is called a CARRIER. Any operators which are connected to the carrier’s inputs are called MODULA- TORS. YOU CAN’T HEAR A MODULATOR DIRECTLY, but you hear its effect by listening to the carrier’s altered (modulated) output. A given operator can be either a carrier or a modu- lator: the only difference is how it i[...]

Still more variations can be achieved by changing the relative output levels between operators; the greater the level of the modulating operator, the more harmonics are present. FEEDBACK Note that every algorithm has one operator with a “feedback loop”—represented by a line from the output of the operator which feeds back to the input of the [...]

Each of the 4 operators available in DX21 can be programmed with its own envelope. The envelope applied to a carrier will, generally, contribute to the overall volume envelope of the note, while an envelope applied to a modulator will contribute to the timbre envelope of the note. Here is a copy of the envelope diagram printed above the LCD on the [...]

To actually program or edit a voice you need to enter the EDIT mode. This is done 2. The EDIT and by pressing the EDIT/COMPARE switch in the group of switches to the left of the COMPARE Modes LCD panel. When the EDIT mode is activated the upper line of the LCD will indicate the currently selected algorithm, the operator ON/OFF status (the group of [...]

at the top right corner of the LCD: for example, “OP 3”. This only applies to pa- rameters which can be individually programmed for each operator, however, when parameters that affect all operators simultaneously are called (the LFO WAVE, SPEED and DELAY parameters, for example) the current operator display will di- sappear from the LCD and ind[...]

A8: LFO SPEED Permits setting the speed of the low frequency oscillator. The data range is from 0 to 99. 0 corresponds to the slowest LFO speed (0.06 Hz), and 99 corresponds to the fastest LFO speed (50 Hz). A9: LFO DELAY Permits setting a delay of between 0 and approximately 3 seconds before the LFO modulation effect begins after a key is played. [...]

A12: LFO SYNC The beginning of the LFO cycle is normally synchronized with key-on timing. This parameter permits turning this synchronization ON or OFF. All operators are affected simultaneously. When this parameter is ON, the LFO cycle always begins from the peak of a positive half-cycle (90 degrees phase angle) when a key is played. This produces[...]

BIAS is applied to a carrier via the breath controller the result is volume (expression) control, and applied to a modulator the result is brilliance control. The data range is from 0 to 7. At 0 EG BIAS sensitivity is OFF and no EG BIAS effects can be applied to the selected operators. A setting of 7 produces maximum sensitivity and therefore maxim[...]

including extremely realistic bells, explosions, etc. More even ratios are more useful for creating musical instrument sounds. It is possible to combine a modulator set to a fractional ratio at a low operator level with even-ratio operators to add bite to a string sound and many other effects. The standard DX21 keyboard pitch is 8’, therefore in [...]

The following EG curves show the parameters for some common instruments. When creating voices on the DX21 you should apply these EG curves to the carrier operator. B8: OPERATOR OUTPUT LEVEL Permits setting the output level of the selected operator. The data range is from 0 to 99. At 0 the operator is OFF, and a setting of 99 produces maximum output[...]

B10: LEVEL SCALING This parameter produces a gradual decrease in note output level towards the right (high) end of the keyboard. Many acoustic instruments exhibit a gradual falloff in level towards the higher notes, and this function can be used to create the most natural overall keyboard response for any particular voice. The data range is from 0 [...]

B16 (FUNCTION MODE): VOICE NAME This function is accessed in the FUNCTION mode—press the FUNCTION button and then the B16 (VOICE NAME) button. The VOICE NAME function can be used to give voices in the voice memory an identifying name. Voice names can be up to 10 characters in length. When this function is called the flashing cursor will appear at[...]

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS Keyboard 61 keys, C 1 ~ C 6 Sound Source FM Tone Generator: 4 operators x 2 (A,B), 8 Alogorithms Simultaneous Note Output Polyphonic: 8 notes (SINGLE), 4 notes (DUAL), 4 + 4 notes (SPLIT) Monophonic: 1 note (SINGLE, DUAL), 1 + 1 note (SPLIT) Internal Memory 128 ROM voice memory 32 RAM voice memory 32 RAM performance memory Co[...]

MIDI DATA FORMAT 1. Transmission Conditions 2. Transmission Data All MIDI data is transmitted when the MIDI ON/OFF function is ON. The MIDI transmission channel is determined by the setting of the MIDI TRNS CH function. 2-1. CHANNEL INFORMATION 2-1-1. Channel Voice Message (1) Key Off Status Note no. Velocity 1000nnnn 0kkkkkkk 01000000 n=channel no[...]

(2) Key On Status Note no. Velocity (3) Control Change 1000nnnn 0kkkkkkk 01000000 n=channel no. k=36(C1) ~ 96(C6) Status 1011nnnn n=channel no. Control no. 0ccccccc Control code 0vvvvvvv a) Transmitted whether MIDI CH INFO is ON or OFF Control no. Control code. C=64: Sustain SW . V=0:OFF, 127:ON b) Transmitted when MIDI CH INFO is ON Control No. C=[...]

(1) Parameter Change Status 11110000 ID no. 01000011 Substatus/ch. no. 0001nnnn n=channel no. Parameter group no. 00010010 Perameter no. 0ppppppp Data 0ddddddd EOX 11110111 This data is transmitted when voice or function parameters are changed in the EDIT or FUNCTION modes. The voice parameters transmitted are those given in voice parameter table 5[...]

3. Reception Conditions MIDI IN 41[...]

4. Reception Data All MIDI data is received when the MIDI ON/OFF function is ON. When a specific MIDI receive channel has been selected using the MIDI RECV CH function, and the OMNI mode is OFF, MIDI data will be received only on the specified channel. MIDI data will be received on all channels when the OMNI mode is ON. 4-1. CHANNEL INFORMATION 4-1[...]

Functio n s only on MSB data : MSB 0000000 0 01000000 0111111 1 Lowes t value Cente r value Highes t value 4-1-2. Channel Mode Message Statu s 1011nnn n 0cccccc c 0vvvvvv v n=channel no . a) Recived whethe r MID I CH INF O i s ON o r OFF C=12 3 V=0 Al l note s OFF b ) Received onl y when MIDI CH INF O i s ON C=12 6 C=12 7 V=1 V=0 MONO mode ON POLY [...]

(3) 1 Voice Bulk Data Received only when MIDI SYS INFO is ON. The format is the same as for the transmitted 1 voice bulk data. The 93 voice data bytes are read into the voice edit buffer, replacing the current voice data. The 93 received data bytes are shown in voice parameter table 5-2. (4) 32 Voice Bulk Data Received only when MIDI SYS INFO is ON[...]

5. System Exclusive Data 5-1. VOICE DATA (VMEM format) Parameter no. P Parameter 0 ATTACK RATE 1 DECAY 1 RATE 2 DECAY 2 RATE 3 RELEASE RATE 4 DECAY 1 LEVEL OP4 5 KEYBOARD SCALING LEVEL 6 AMPLITUDE MODULATION ENABLE/EG BIAS SENSITIVITY/KEY VELOCITY 7 OUTPUT LEVEL 8 OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY 9 KEYBOARD SCALING RATE/DETUNE 1 10 SAME AS FOR OP4 OP2 19 20 SA[...]

5-2. VOICE PARAMETERS (VCED format) Parameter no. P Parameter LCD Display Data Note 0 ATTACK RATE EG AR 0 ~31 1 DECAY 1 RATE EG D1R 0 ~31 2 DECAY 2 RATE EG D2R 0 ~31 3 RELEASE RATE EG RR 0 ~15 4 DECAY 1 LEVEL EG D1L 0 ~15 5 KEYBOARD SCALING LEVEL LEVEL SCALE 0~99 6 KEYBOARD SCALING RATE OP4 RATE SCALE 0~3 7 EG BIAS SENSITIVITY E BIAS SENS. 0~7 8 AM[...]

5-3. FUNCTION PARAMETERS Parameter no. P Parameter LCD Display Data Note 93 OPERATOR ENABLE/DISABLE 0 ~15 94 OPETATOR SELECT 0~3 95 EDIT MODE 1=ON 0, 1 96 FUNCTION MODE 1=ON FUNCTION CONTRO L 0,1 97 STORE MODE 1=ON MEMORY STORE 0, 1 98 PLAY DUAL MODE 1=ON 0,1 99 PLAY SPLIT MODE 1=ON 0, 1 100 PLAY SINGLE MOD E 1=ON PLAY SINGLE 0, 1 101 DUAL MODE DET[...]

[ Digita l Programmabl e Algorith m Synthesise r 3 Dat e : 3/9 , 198 5 Mode l DX2 1 MIDI Implementatio n Char t Versio n : 1. 2 Functio n ... Basi c Defaul t Channe l Change d Defaul t Mode Message s Altere d Note Dumber : Tru e voic e Velocit y Not e O N Not e OF F After Key' s Touc h Ch' s Pitc h Bende r 1 2 5 Contro l 6 7 Chang e 64 65[...]

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FCC CERTIFICATION (USA) While the following statements are provided to comply with FCC Regulations in the United States, the corrective measures listed below are applicable worldwide. This series of Yamaha combo equiptment uses fre- quencies that appear in the radio frequency range and if installed in the immediate proximity of some types of audio [...]

YAMAHA ® Yamaha Corporation of America DX21 OM 6607 Orangethorpe Avenue, P.O. Box 6600, Buena Park, CA 80622-6600 9/10/98 29645 DX21 OM[...]