Agilent Technologies 6033A manuel d'utilisation
- Voir en ligne ou télécharger le manuel d’utilisation
- 134 pages
- 0.7 mb
Aller à la page of
Les manuels d’utilisation similaires
-
Power Supply
Agilent Technologies 6010a
126 pages 2 mb -
Power Supply
Agilent Technologies 6033A
134 pages 0.7 mb -
Power Supply
Agilent Technologies 66lxxA
114 pages 0.45 mb -
Power Supply
Agilent Technologies 6631B
103 pages 0.53 mb -
Power Supply
Agilent Technologies E3614A
47 pages 1.65 mb -
Power Supply
Agilent Technologies 16048A
21 pages 0.91 mb -
Power Supply
Agilent Technologies E3615A
47 pages 1.65 mb -
Power Supply
Agilent Technologies 6032A
134 pages 0.7 mb
Un bon manuel d’utilisation
Les règles imposent au revendeur l'obligation de fournir à l'acheteur, avec des marchandises, le manuel d’utilisation Agilent Technologies 6033A. Le manque du manuel d’utilisation ou les informations incorrectes fournies au consommateur sont à la base d'une plainte pour non-conformité du dispositif avec le contrat. Conformément à la loi, l’inclusion du manuel d’utilisation sous une forme autre que le papier est autorisée, ce qui est souvent utilisé récemment, en incluant la forme graphique ou électronique du manuel Agilent Technologies 6033A ou les vidéos d'instruction pour les utilisateurs. La condition est son caractère lisible et compréhensible.
Qu'est ce que le manuel d’utilisation?
Le mot vient du latin "Instructio", à savoir organiser. Ainsi, le manuel d’utilisation Agilent Technologies 6033A décrit les étapes de la procédure. Le but du manuel d’utilisation est d’instruire, de faciliter le démarrage, l'utilisation de l'équipement ou l'exécution des actions spécifiques. Le manuel d’utilisation est une collection d'informations sur l'objet/service, une indice.
Malheureusement, peu d'utilisateurs prennent le temps de lire le manuel d’utilisation, et un bon manuel permet non seulement d’apprendre à connaître un certain nombre de fonctionnalités supplémentaires du dispositif acheté, mais aussi éviter la majorité des défaillances.
Donc, ce qui devrait contenir le manuel parfait?
Tout d'abord, le manuel d’utilisation Agilent Technologies 6033A devrait contenir:
- informations sur les caractéristiques techniques du dispositif Agilent Technologies 6033A
- nom du fabricant et année de fabrication Agilent Technologies 6033A
- instructions d'utilisation, de réglage et d’entretien de l'équipement Agilent Technologies 6033A
- signes de sécurité et attestations confirmant la conformité avec les normes pertinentes
Pourquoi nous ne lisons pas les manuels d’utilisation?
Habituellement, cela est dû au manque de temps et de certitude quant à la fonctionnalité spécifique de l'équipement acheté. Malheureusement, la connexion et le démarrage Agilent Technologies 6033A ne suffisent pas. Le manuel d’utilisation contient un certain nombre de lignes directrices concernant les fonctionnalités spécifiques, la sécurité, les méthodes d'entretien (même les moyens qui doivent être utilisés), les défauts possibles Agilent Technologies 6033A et les moyens de résoudre des problèmes communs lors de l'utilisation. Enfin, le manuel contient les coordonnées du service Agilent Technologies en l'absence de l'efficacité des solutions proposées. Actuellement, les manuels d’utilisation sous la forme d'animations intéressantes et de vidéos pédagogiques qui sont meilleurs que la brochure, sont très populaires. Ce type de manuel permet à l'utilisateur de voir toute la vidéo d'instruction sans sauter les spécifications et les descriptions techniques compliquées Agilent Technologies 6033A, comme c’est le cas pour la version papier.
Pourquoi lire le manuel d’utilisation?
Tout d'abord, il contient la réponse sur la structure, les possibilités du dispositif Agilent Technologies 6033A, l'utilisation de divers accessoires et une gamme d'informations pour profiter pleinement de toutes les fonctionnalités et commodités.
Après un achat réussi de l’équipement/dispositif, prenez un moment pour vous familiariser avec toutes les parties du manuel d'utilisation Agilent Technologies 6033A. À l'heure actuelle, ils sont soigneusement préparés et traduits pour qu'ils soient non seulement compréhensibles pour les utilisateurs, mais pour qu’ils remplissent leur fonction de base de l'information et d’aide.
Table des matières du manuel d’utilisation
-
Page 1
OPERATI NG M ANUAL A GILENT 603xA FA MILY A UTORA NGIN G SYSTEM DC POWER SUPPLIES AGILENT Part No. 5959-3342 Microf i che Part No. 5959- 3343 Editi on 1 Pr inted: September 1990 Editi on 2 Pr inted: January 1992 Updated: Febr uar y 2000[...]
-
Page 2
2 CER T IFIC A T ION Agilent Technologies certifies that this product met its published specifications at time of shipment from the factory. Agilent Technologies further certifies that its calibration measurements are traceable to the United States National Bureau of Standards, to the extent allowed by the Bureau’ s calibration facility, and to t[...]
-
Page 3
3 Safet y Summary The f ollowin g g eneral sa f et y p recautions must be observed durin g all p hases o f o p eration o f this instrument. Fa ilure to com p l y with these p recautions or with s p eci f ic warnin g s elsew here in this manual violates sa f et y standards o f desi g n, manu f acture, and int ended use o f the instrument. A g ilent [...]
-
Page 4
4 SAFETY SYMBOLS Direct current Alternating current Both direct and alternating current Three-phase alternatin g current Earth (grou nd) terminal Protective earth (ground ) terminal Frame or ch assis terminal Terminal is at earth potential. Used for measurement and control circuits designed to be o p erated with one term inal at earth potential. Te[...]
-
Page 5
5 Declaration Page DECLARATION OF CONF ORMITY according to ISO/IEC Guide 22 and EN 45014 Manufact ur er’ s Na me: Agilent Tec hnologie s Manuf acturer’ s A ddress: 150 Green Pond R o ad Rockaw ay, New Jersey 07866 U.S.A. declares that the Product Product Name: a) Single Ou tput System P ower Su pply b) Auto ranging P ower Supp ly Model Num ber:[...]
-
Page 6
6 A coustic Noise Statement Herstellerbescheinigung Diese I nformation ste ht im Zusamm enha ng mit de n Anford erungen d er Maschine nlärminformatio nsve ror dnung vom 18 Janua r 1991. * S challdruckpeg el Lp < 70 dB(A) * Am A rbeitsplatz * Normaler Betrie b * Nach DIN 45635 T. 19 ( Typp rüfung) Manufacturer’ s Decla ra tion This statement [...]
-
Page 7
7 Table Of Contents 1. General Information Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 11 Description ....................................................................................................................................[...]
-
Page 8
8 Table Of Contents (continued) Error .......................................................................................................................................................... 43 Local Operation...........................................................................................................................................[...]
-
Page 9
9 Table Of Contents (continued) Rem ote Sensing ......................................................................................................................................... 69 Series Operation ............................................................................................................................................ 69 [...]
-
Page 10
10 Table Of Contents (continued) Regis ter Functions ................................................................................................................................... 107 Status Program ming Examples ................................................................................................................ 108 Status By te Re[...]
-
Page 11
General Information 11 1 General Information Introduction This manual contains specifications, installation instructions, and operating instructions for System Power Supply Models: Agi lent 6030A, 6031A , 6032A, 6033A, 6035A , and 6038A. Refe r to " Related Docu ments" f o r other inform ation concernin g these products. Descripti on This[...]
-
Page 12
General Information 12 A fault indicator (FLT) and remote inhibit (INH) circuit provides ad d itional shutdown protection, should either the GP -IB and/or controller fail. The FLT circuit provides the us er with a m eans of know ing the status of any un masked fau lt register bit independently of the SRQ functio n a vailable thr ough the GP -IB . Y[...]
-
Page 13
General Information 13 1494-0060 Rack slide kit, n o n tilting 5060-2865 Service k it, includes extenders for con trol and pow er mesh boards, t hree cables to allow GP-IB and PSI board s to lie on table outside unit, and co ntrol board test connector. 5060-2866 FET service kit. Inclu des FETs and all componen ts that should be replaced w ith FETs.[...]
-
Page 14
General Information 14 The serial number prefixes listed on the front of this manual indicate the versions of the supplies that were available w hen the manual w as issued. If the serial pr efix of y o ur supply is not listed in this manual, the manual m ay include a yellow "Ma nual Change’ ’ shee t. T hat sheet up dates this manual b y de[...]
-
Page 15
General Information 15 Related Docu ments The follow ing docu ments m ay be u seful for y our GP-IB sy stem s. T he Agilen t documen ts can be ordered from your local Agilent Sales Off ice. Ag ilent 6033A/ 38A Service Man ual, Ag ilent part n umber 5959- 3346. Ag ilent 6030A/ 31A/32A/35A Service Man ual, Ag ilent part n umber 5959-3344. Tutorial De[...]
-
Page 16
General Information 16 Table 1-1. Performance Specifications Ag ilent T echnologies Model 6033A 6038A DC Output: Volt age, c urrent and power spans indicate range Volts 0-20 V 0-60 V over output m ay be v aried using front panel c ont rols . Amps 0-30 A 0-10 A Maximum Power 200-240 W 200-240 W Load Effect (Lo ad Regulation) Voltage load effect is g[...]
-
Page 17
General Information 17 6030A 6031A 6032A 6035A NOTES. 0-200 V 0-20 V 0-60 V 0-500 V 1. Not specified 0-17 A 0-120 A 0-50 A 0-5 A 2. Initially, for eac h degree 1000-1200 W 840-1072 W 1000-1200 W 1000-1050 W below 20 ° C the ripple 0.0l% + 5 mV 0.0l% + 3 mV 0.0l% + 5 mV 0.0l% + 40 mV inc reas es 2. 4 m V/ ° C. After loadis applied 0.0l% + l0 mA 0.[...]
-
Page 18
General Information 18 Table 1-2. Supplemental Characteristics (continued) DC Fl oating Voltage : Either output terminal m ay be floated up to the following voltage (including the output voltage) from earth gr ound: ± 240 Vdc on Models 6031A , 6032A, 6033A, an d 6038A ± 550 Vdc on Models 6030A and 6035A Exceeding these voltag e can result in dama[...]
-
Page 19
General Information 19 Figure 1-1. Output Characteristic Curve Ag ilent M odel 6030A 6031A 6032A 6033a 6035A 6038A Vp1 200 V 20 V 60 V 20 V 500 V 60 V Ip1 5 A 50 A 17.5 A 10 A 2 A 3.3 A Vp2 120 V 14 V 40 V 14 V 350 V 40 V Ip2 10 A 76 A 30 A 17.2 A 3 A 6 A Vp3 60 V 7 V 20 V 6.7 V 200 V 20 V Ip3 17 A 120 A 50 A 30 A 5 A 10 A[...]
-
Page 20
General Information 20[...]
-
Page 21
Installation 21 2 Installation Introduction This sec tion conta ins instructions fo r chec king a nd rep acking the supp ly, bench o r rac k mounting, connecting the supply to ac input pow er, and converting the supply f r om one line voltag e to another if required. Instru ctions for connecting load and GP-IB cables, and f or setting the GP-IB add[...]
-
Page 22
Installation 22 Figure 2-1. Outline Diagram Bench Operation The supply cabinet h as plastic feet, which are shaped to ensure self alignin g when stacked with other A gilent Technologies System II cabinets. Rack Mounting The supply can be mounted in a stan dard 19-inch rack enclosu re. Rack moun ting accessories for this unit are listed in the ACCES[...]
-
Page 23
Installation 23 Agilent Models 6033A, 6031A, 6032A, 6036A . Figure 2-2 illustrates the stand a rd configuration of power-cord plugs used b y Agilen t T echnologies. To connect in put power, to the in strument proceed as f o llows: a. Remove the A C filter assembly cover by unscrewing the four locating screws. b. Insert the po wer cord thr ough the [...]
-
Page 24
Installation 24 d. Replace the cover, tig hten all four screw s and tighten the strain relief clamp. (A ll four screws must be tighten ed for unit to meet R FI specifications.) e. Connect the other en d of the power cord to an appropriate power source. Note Connections to the ac power line m ust be made in accordan ce with applicable electrical cod[...]
-
Page 25
Installation 25 b. Use a small-blade screw d river to set the tw o switch sections of S2 to m a tch the p attern silk-screened on main board for nom inal line volt age to be used. For exam ple, to set sw itches for 120 V operation , move forw ard sw itch section so th at its wh ite slo t is to ward front of supply and move rearward sw itch sectio n[...]
-
Page 26
Installation 26 Figure 2-3. Line Voltage Conversion Components[...]
-
Page 27
Installation 27 AC Line Impedance C heck The power s upply is designed f o r proper operation wi th line im pedance ty pically f o und in ac pow er lines. How ever, if t he supply is connected to an ac pow er line having h igh impedan ce combined with line voltage near the m inimu m specified value, (e.g., 104 Vac f or nominal 120 Vac), the u nit w[...]
-
Page 28
Installation 28 sens e barrier block 2 - term inal barrier block 0360- 2192 barrier block s crews M3.5 X 0.6 X 6 mm (qty 8) 0515-0212 FLT/INH conn ector 4 - te rminal rem ovable conn ector 1252-1488 outpu t buss bar screw s M5 X 0.8 X 12 mm (qty 4) 0515-0155 output buss bar sens e screws M2 X 0.4 X 8 mm (qty 2) 0515-0212 red/black s ense wi res w i[...]
-
Page 29
Operating Instructions 29 3 OPERATING INSTRUCTIO NS Introduction This section describes the operating controls and indicators, turn- o n checkout procedures, and operatin g procedures and considerations for the power supply . Local (front- panel) and remote (via GP-IB) operation are described separately , but the user should become familiar w ith b[...]
-
Page 30
Operating Instructions 30 Before the instrument is turned on, all protective earth terminals, extension cords, and devices connected to the pow er supply should be connected to a protective earth g round. Any interruption of the protective earth grounding w ill cause a potential shock hazard that coul d result in personal injury . This instrum ent [...]
-
Page 31
Operating Instructions 31 Load Resistance B equals th e crossover resistance for the particular com bination of voltag e and current settings sh own on the graph. Either the CV or CC LED will light. If the load resistance increases, the voltage setting decreases, or the current setting increases, the power supply w ill operate in CV mode. Conversel[...]
-
Page 32
Operating Instructions 32 Table 3-1. Controls and Indicators (continued) Number Controls/Indicators Description Page 2 GP-IB Status In dicators These four LEDs indicate the status of the power supply on th e GP-IB. RMT (green) indicates that pow er supply is under rem ote (GP-IB) control. LSN (green ) indicates that power su pply is addressed to li[...]
-
Page 33
Operating Instructions 33 Table 3-1. Controls and Indicators (continued) Number Controls/Indicators Description Page 5 Num eric Disp lay Two 3-1/2 digit alphanumeric displays w ith auto matically positioned d ecimal point that or d inarily indicate output VOLTS and AM PS (see items 6 & 7). When pow er supply is turned on all segm ents light for[...]
-
Page 34
Operating Instructions 34 Once the all-indicators-off period is over, the GP-IB ad dress switch setting is displayed on the m eter d isp lays for one second. For exam ple, if the address sw itches were set for address 5, the display would be: A dr 5 If the unit fails any of the self tests an error cod e is d isplayed on the m e ter d isplays. The u[...]
-
Page 35
Operating Instructions 35 d. Turn OUTP UT ADJUST knob clockw ise, press DISP LAY SETTINGS switch, and ch eck that AMPS setting has increased. C V indicator shou ld be on and CC i ndicator shou ld be off. e. P ress mom entary-con tact OUT PUT ADJUST pushbutton sw itch once; VOLTAGE indicator shou ld turn on and CURR ENT indicator s hould turn off. f[...]
-
Page 36
Operating Instructions 36 per lead. T able 3-2 lists resistivity for various w ire sizes and the maximum lengths that may be used to limit voltage drop to 0.5 vo lts for va r ious curr ents. Lengths liste d are the sum of the le ngths o f the ( + ) a nd ( - ) lo ad wires. Le ngths are given in meters and (feet). To d e termine maxim um lengths (in [...]
-
Page 37
Operating Instructions 37 If m ultiple load s are connected to one supply, each lo ad should be connected to the supply’ s ou tp ut term inals using separate pairs of connectin g wires. This mi nimizes m utual coupling eff ects and takes full advantag e of the supply’ s low output im pedance. Each pair of conn ecting w ires shou ld be as short [...]
-
Page 38
Operating Instructions 38 Figure 3-5. Connecting a Bypass Capacitor Overv oltage Protection (OVP) The overvoltage trip p o int is adjusted at the front panel. T he approximate trip voltage range is from zero volts to approxim ately 107% of maxi mum rated voltage of the pow er supply. Wh en the OVP circuit trips, the pow er supply output is disa ble[...]
-
Page 39
Operating Instructions 39 Foldback Protection In some applications either CV or CC mode may be regarded as an error condition. T he foldback pro tectio n feature pr o tects sensitive loads by disabling the po wer supply output if the unit sw itches to the pr o hibited mode. In local control, foldb ack p rotection is toggled o n or off by the FOL DB[...]
-
Page 40
Operating Instructions 40 Figure 3-6. Remote Voltage Sensing Because the sensing leads carry only a f e w milliam peres, the wires u sed for sensing can be mu ch lighter than th e lo ad leads. Each sense lead sh ould have no m o re than 0.2 ohms resistance. Use the resistivity colu mns in Table 3-2 to determ ine the min imum wire size for th e leng[...]
-
Page 41
Operating Instructions 41 Table 3-4. Mode Sw itches Mode Programming M ode Sw itches GP-IB/RPG Voltage Resistance B6 0 0 1 CV B5 0 0 0 Circuits B4 1 0 0 B3 0 0 1 CC B2 0 0 0 Circuits B1 1 0 0 Typically , only one program ming m ode is us ed for both output parameters (v oltage and curren t). Howeve r, the mode sw itches allow voltag e and current t[...]
-
Page 42
Operating Instructions 42 1. The total n umber of devices is no m ore than 15. 2. The total length of all the cables used is no more than tw o meters times the num ber o f devices connected together, up to an absolute max imum o f 20 meters. (The length betw een adj acent devices is not critical as long as th e to tal accum ulated cable length is n[...]
-
Page 43
Operating Instructions 43 Foldback. If f oldback protection is enabled (FOLDBA CK ENABLED LE D on) and the pow er supply switc hes to the prohibited mode (CV or CC), the p ower supply output will be disabled and the FOLDBACK indicator turned o n. Press the FOLDBACK pushbutton switch to reset the foldback protectio n circuit and restore the po wer s[...]
-
Page 44
Operating Instructions 44 Constant Current Operation To set up the p ower suppl y for constant c ur rent op eratio n: a. With power supply turned off, connect load to output terminals. b. Turn on pow er supply . Hold in DISPLA Y OVP pushbut ton sw itch and set OVP A DJUST potentiom eter for desired OVP trip voltage. In CC mode the vo ltage setting [...]
-
Page 45
Operating Instructions 45 Multiline M essage Control Functions . The Acceptor Handshak e, Source Handshake, Listen er, and T alker functions are implem ented by th e interface circuits of the pow er supply an d the controller and require no action by the user. The LS N or TLK indicator s turn o n w hen the p o wer supply is ad dressed to listen o r[...]
-
Page 46
Operating Instructions 46 Remote/Local . The remote/local function allows the pow er sup p ly to operate in either local (front panel) or remote (via GP-IB) control. The user can sen d Local Lockou t to the power supply via GP-IB to disable the front- panel LCL sw itch only. With Local Lockout, the controller determines if the unit operates in loca[...]
-
Page 47
Operating Instructions 47 Holding the LCL sw itch in for o ne second causes the power supply’ s GP -IB addr ess to be displayed on the front pa nel until the sw itch is released or two seconds elapse. The address switch es are also used during troublesh ooting to select wh ich self tests are run in test m ode. If the pow er supply has been servic[...]
-
Page 48
Operating Instructions 48 Table 3-6. Initial Conditions Voltage 0 Volts Current 0 Amps OUTPUT ADJUST Enabled to adjust C URRENT Control OVP determined by setting of OVP ADJUST potentiometer on f ront panel Soft Vol tage Lim it Agi lent 6030A - 204.750 v olts Agi lent 6031A - 20.475 volts Agi lent 6032A - 61.425 volts Agi lent 6033A - 20.475 volts A[...]
-
Page 49
Operating Instructions 49 Plus and m inus sign s are considered num eric characters. All num eric data fields may contain an option al plus or minu s sign on both the n umber itself an d the scale factor, such as +1.23E-2. All nu meric data fields may contain leading spaces, and embedded spaces will be accepted between op tional signs an d digits ,[...]
-
Page 50
Operating Instructions 50 Table 3-7 GP-IB Commands Command *Range or **Response To Query Description Page VSET x VSET xV Agile nt 6030A * 0--204.75 V Ag ilent 6031A * 0--20.475 V Ag ilent 6032A * 0--61.425 V Ag ilent 6033A * 0--20.475 V Ag ilent 6035A * 0--511.88 V Ag ilent 6038A * 0--61.425 V Any of these com mands is used to prog ram output volta[...]
-
Page 51
Operating Instructions 51 Table 3-7 GP-IB Commands (continued) Command *Range or **Response To Query Description Page DLY x DLY xS DLY xMS *0- -31.999 s *0- -31999 m s Any of these com mands is used to prog ram the delay tim e after a new output voltage or current is im plemented, or RS T or OUT ON comm and is received. During delay pow er supply d[...]
-
Page 52
Operating Instructions 52 Table 3-7 GP-IB Commands (continued) Command *Range or **Response To Query Description Page T TRG Used to im plement com mands that hav e been sent to and h eld by the pow er suppl y (pow er supply continues to op e rate with previous values until trigger com mand is received). See HOL D comm and. The device trigger interf[...]
-
Page 53
Operating Instructions 53 Table 3-7 GP-IB Commands (continued) Command *Range or **Response To Query Description Page UNMASK? * *UNMASK xx x Used to read wh ich b its in the status register have been enabled to set b its in the fault register (i.e.,which pow er supp ly conditions are defined as faults). xxx is d ecod ed using b it weights in T able[...]
-
Page 54
Operating Instructions 54 Table 3-7 GP-IB Commands (continued) Command *Range or **Response To Query Description Page TEST? **TEST xx Caus es power su pply to run selftests and report any failures. Ty pe of tests ru n depends on w hether pow er supply output is on or off. 63 ID? ** Agile nt 603xA or ** Agi lent 603xA , OPT 100 Caus es power su pply[...]
-
Page 55
Operating Instructions 55 Table 3-8. Format of Numbers Sent from Pow er S upply For these query comm ands: VSET? ISET ? DLY? VOUT? IOUT ? VMAX? IMAX? the response cons ists of a header follow ed by a space* f o llowed by 5 decim al digits with an embedded decim al point, in this format: <header> <space>d.dddd to < header > < sp[...]
-
Page 56
Operating Instructions 56 VSET? and addressi ng the pow er supply to talk. The power su pply can be instructed to m easure its actual output v oltage by sending : VOUT? The results are placed on the GP-IB w hen the pow er supply is addressed to talk, in this format (usin g 20 as an example): VOUT 20.000 NOTE The program ming resolu tion (LSB) for t[...]
-
Page 57
Operating Instructions 57 Soft Limits . The power su pply can be sent sof t limit values th at place maxim um lim its on the voltage and curren t programm ing values that w ill be accepted. If the power supply receiv es a p r o grammin g value that exceeds the soft lim it, it will ignore the com mand, turn on the ERROR ind icato r, and set the ERR [...]
-
Page 58
Operating Instructions 58 DLY 0.500 Note that during the delay period CV and C C are masked f r om the foldback protection feature also. Delay does not af fect the setting of th e CV, CC, o r OR bits in the status register or accum ulated status register; delay aff ects o nly th e setting of those bits in the fault register. Delay does not affect c[...]
-
Page 59
Operating Instructions 59 Reset. Reset rest ores the pow er supply ou tput if it has been disabled by OVP, foldback, or rem ote inhi bit. The output retu rns to the present vo ltage and current settings; the values may be changed wh ile the o utput is disabled. T he power supply is reset with the com mand: RST Note that if the condition which cause[...]
-
Page 60
Operating Instructions 60 completed w ith the first. Therefore, sending device trigger after sending a command assu res that the second instrumen t cannot begin to receive comm ands until the first instru ment has processed its commands. For exam ple, assume the f o llow ing comm ands are sent to four pow er supplies assigned to addresses called PS[...]
-
Page 61
Operating Instructions 61 For exam ple, if bits for both ERR (128) an d CC (2) are set, the pow er supply wou ld send ASC II digits 1 3 0 (128 +2 = 130). Bits remain set in the status register as long as the corresponding co nditions are true. Table 3-9. Status Register Bit Position 87 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Bit Weight 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 Condition RI [...]
-
Page 62
Operating Instructions 62 Note that bits can be set in th e fault register only when there is a ch ange in either the status reg ister or the mask register. Therefore, if a bit is set in the mask register (unm asked ) after the corresponding conditio n becomes true in the status register, the associated bit will also be set in the fault register. B[...]
-
Page 63
Operating Instructions 63 SRQ? and addressi ng the pow er supply to talk. The respons e from th e power su pply is in this form at: SRQ 0 or SRQ 1 in wh ich 0 ind icates that service request capability is disabled, and 1 ind icates it is enab led. Note that service request capability for power on is controlled by the rear-panel PON SRQ switch, the [...]
-
Page 64
Operating Instructions 64 Table 3-10. Status Register Errors Error # Description 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 No Errors Unrec ognized Characte r —A character like ! " # w as received Improper Number —A n umeric character ( + - . 0...9) was received but th e following characters did not represent a proper nu mber. For exam ple, ± 5 V or .V or + V. [...]
-
Page 65
Operating Instructions 65 When th e power su pply is address ed to talk aft er and addressing the power su pply to tal k. T he response from TEST? has been received, it responds in this form at: the power supply w ill be either: TES T x wh ere x is a d ecimal number from 0 to 22. See the Service Manual for a listing of the selftest failure codes. T[...]
-
Page 66
Operating Instructions 66 The following paragraphs discuss in greater d e tail the methods o f rem o tely programm ing the output vo ltage o r current using either a resistance or voltag e input. Whichever m ethod is used, the w ires connecting th e programm ing device m ust be shielded to reduce noise pick up. T he outer shield of the cable should[...]
-
Page 67
Operating Instructions 67 Figure 3-10. Voltage Programming of Output V oltage Constant Current Output, Resistance Co ntrol . T he setu p show n in Figu re 3-12 allow s the outpu t current to be varied by usin g an extern al resistor to program the su pply. The discus sion on Page 56 for constant v oltage operation al so applies for constant cur r e[...]
-
Page 68
Operating Instructions 68 Figure 3-12. Resistance Programming of Output Curre nt Figure 3-13. Voltage Programming of Output Cur rent Auto-Parallel Operation Two units can be connected in an auto-parallel co mbination to provide twice the output current capability. One of the power suppli es, the ma ster, is program med norm ally v ia the GP-IB. The[...]
-
Page 69
Operating Instructions 69 Figure 3-14. Au to-Parallel Operation Setting Volta ge and Current . Program th e slave unit’ s output voltage above th e master’ s to avoid interference w ith master- unit CV control. T he slave unit’ s mode switches disable the slave unit’ s digital current setting from having any eff ect in auto - parallel opera[...]
-
Page 70
Operating Instructions 70 It is n o t recomm ended that Ag ilent 6035A supplies be conn ected in series. i f you do s o , the comm on connection betw een the tw o supplies mu st be connected to earth ground (see Fig ure 3-15). Add the v o ltage settings of each pow er supply together to determine th e total output voltage. Set the cu rrent limits f[...]
-
Page 71
Operating Instructions 71 Figure 3-16. FLT/INH Connections Figure 3-17. INH Example Figure 3-18. FLT Example[...]
-
Page 72
Operating Instructions 72 Figure 3-19a. FLT and INH w ith M ultiple Supplies Figure 3-19b. Typical INH Setup Closing the hood will n o t re-enable the supply , and during a serial poll th e controller would be m ade aware th at a fault exists via the FAU bit in the serial poll register. The fault register must now b e read to reset the FLT and RI b[...]
-
Page 73
Operating Instructions 73 In Figure 3-21 the FLT output d rives not only the INH input, but also triggers a sequential down programm er circuit. T his would allow any supply in the system to trigger the sequential down programm er (via their FLT outputs) and disab le the suppli es in a predeterm ined order (via th eir INH inputs). Tim ing relati o [...]
-
Page 74
[...]
-
Page 75
100 VAC In put Pow er Option 100 75 A 100 VAC Input Power Option 100 General Information Description Option 100 is a modificat ion of the pow er supply that inv olves chang ing the v alues of res istors located in t he Overvoltag e Protectio n and Power Limit Circuits. It also entails recalibrating the unit and changing the Front Panel T hese chang[...]
-
Page 76
100 VAC In put Pow er Option 100 76 Section ll Manual Changes For Ag ilent Models 6030A , 6031A, 6032A and 6035A : on page 2- 7 (AC line Im pedance Check , step b), wh ere the maxim um output voltages are tabulated, change the vo ltages as shown below: 6030A chan ge 65 V to 50 V 6031A chan ge 8 V to 6 V 6032A chan ge 22 V to 13.5 V 6035A ch ange 22[...]
-
Page 77
100 VAC In put Pow er Option 100 77 On page 65 (A nalog Program min g, 2nd paragraph), ch ange the s econd sentence to read: “Resistan ce of 0 to 3.33 K ohm s program s the outpu t voltage f rom 0 to ful l scale. and a resist ance of 0 to 4 K ohm s program s the output current from 0 to full scale.”. On page 65 ( Analog P r ogra mming, 4th p ar[...]
-
Page 78
[...]
-
Page 79
Blank Front P a nel Op tion 00 1 7 9 B Blank Front Panel Option 001 Introduction This appendix describes the blan k front pan el option (Option 001) f or the power s upply. Opti on 001 is design ed for applications in which front panel operatio n and monitoring are unnecessary. It has no front-panel controls and indicator s except for the L INE swi[...]
-
Page 80
Blank Front P a nel Op tion 00 1 80 Table B-1. ID Query Response Agilent Model Response Ag ilent 6030A ID Agil ent 6030A or ID A gilent 6030A , Opt 100 Ag ilent 6031A ID Agil ent 6031A or ID A gilent 6031A , Opt 100 Ag ilent 6032A ID Agil ent 6032A or ID A gilent 6032A , Opt 100 Ag ilent 6033A ID Agil ent 6033A or ID A gilent 6033A , Opt 100 If the[...]
-
Page 81
Blank Front P a nel Op tion 00 1 8 1 Use form at appropriate for your com puter.): 10 OUTPUT 705; “VOUT?” 20 ENTER 705; A$ 30 OUTPUT 705; “OVP?” 40 ENTER 705; B$ 50 DISP A$,B$ 60 GOTO 10 70 END Turn OVP ADJUST potentiometer coun terclockwise w hile observing VOUT and OVP readings on com puter display. VOUT should drop to about 0 volts as OV[...]
-
Page 82
[...]
-
Page 83
Standard Commands for Programm able Instruments (SCPI) 83 C Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments (SCPI) ABOUT THIS APPENDI X IF YOU WILL NOT BE PROGRAMMING USING SCPI COMMANDS, YOU DO NOT HAVE TO READ THIS APPENDIX. This appendix docu ments the S tandard Comm ands for Program mable Instru ments (S CPI), formerly known as T MSL, an d appli[...]
-
Page 84
Standard Commands for Programm able Instruments (SCPI) 84 2 ANSI/IEEE Std 488.2-1987. I EEE Standard Codes, Formats, Protocols, and Common Commands. Recom mended as a reference if y ou will do fairly sophisticated programm ing. Help ful for f ind ing the precise definitions of certain types of SCPI message formats, data types, o r comm o n comm a n[...]
-
Page 85
Standard Commands for Programm able Instruments (SCPI) 85 LINKED CONNECTIONS When programming w ith SCPI co mm ands, it is p ossible to co nnect up to 15 ad ditional power supplies pe r GP -IB addr ess using lin ked co nnections, and still com municate w ith each supply individually . Installation As sh own in Figu re C-lb, the first pow er supply [...]
-
Page 86
Standard Commands for Programm able Instruments (SCPI) 86 Setting the Address NOTE The primary and secondary addresses cann ot be selected over the GP-IB. However, th ere are important diff erences in address ing pow er supplies over t he bus dependin g on if on ly prim ary or a combi nation of primary and secondary addresses are u sed. (See ’ ?[...]
-
Page 87
Standard Commands for Programm able Instruments (SCPI) 87 LANGUA GE DI CTIONA RY This secti o n gives t he syn tax and parame ters for all the IEEE 488.2 com mon comma nds and SCPI com mands u sed by the Agilen t Series 603xA pow er supplies. It is assum ed that you are familiar w ith the introductory reference material (s ee "Related Document[...]
-
Page 88
Standard Commands for Programm able Instruments (SCPI) 88 Figure C-2. Common Command Syntax Diagram Figure C-3 is a tree diag ram of the subsy stem com mands. Com mands starting at the root direction are listed as either single co mma nd s o r c o mma n d s ub sys t e ms . C o mman d s ub s yst ems ma y co n s i s t o f a s in gl e c o mma n d , b [...]
-
Page 89
Standard Commands for Programm able Instruments (SCPI) 89 *CLS Meaning and T y pe Clear Status Device Status Description This command causes the following actions (see "Status Reporting" for descriptio ns o f all registers): ♦ Clears the following registers w ithout affecting any corresponding Enable Registers or T ransition Filters: ?[...]
-
Page 90
Standard Commands for Programm able Instruments (SCPI) 90 Command Syntax *ESE <NRf> Parameters 0 to 255 Default V alue (See *PSC ) *RST Value 0 Example *ESE 129 Query Syntax *ESE? Returned Parameters <NRl> (Register value) Related Commands *ESR? *PSC *STB? *ESR? Meaning and T y pe Event St atus Register Devi ce Status Description This q[...]
-
Page 91
Standard Commands for Programm able Instruments (SCPI) 91 Description This comm and causes the interface to set th e OP C bit (bit 0) of the Standard Event Statu s register wh en the power su pply has completed all pending o p erations. (See *ESE for the bit configu ration of the Standard Even t Status register.) Pending ope rations are complete w [...]
-
Page 92
Standard Commands for Programm able Instruments (SCPI) 92 If the com mand param eter = 0 , then the abov e registers are not cleared at power tu rn on, but are program med to their last previous state. This can en able the power supply to request service at turn on . Any n on-zero parameter causes both registers to be cleared at turn on, prev entin[...]
-
Page 93
Standard Commands for Programm able Instruments (SCPI) 93 *RST Meaning and T y pe Reset Device State Description This com mand reset the power s upply to a f actory-def ined state as def ined below . *RST also forces an ABORt an d an OUT:PROT:CL E c omma n d . CURR[:LEV] [:IMM] * OUTP OFF VOLT[:LEV ][:IMM ]* CURR[:LEV ]:TRIG* OUTP:PROT:DEL * VOLT[:[...]
-
Page 94
Standard Commands for Programm able Instruments (SCPI) 94 *SRE Meaning and T y pe Service Request Enable Device Interf ace Description This command sets the condition of the Service Request Enable Register. T his register determines w hich events o f the Status Byte R egister (see *STB for its bit configuration) are summ e d into the MSS (Master St[...]
-
Page 95
Standard Commands for Programm able Instruments (SCPI) 95 *TRG Meaning and T y pe Trigger Device T rigger Description This command, w hich is essentially the sam e as the Gro up Execute Trigger (<GET >) and the subsystem T RIG[:IMM ] signals, generates a trigger to the power supply. Command Syntax *TRG *TST? Meaning and T y pe Test Device Tes[...]
-
Page 96
Standard Commands for Programm able Instruments (SCPI) 96 Current Subsystem This su bsystem program s the output current of th e power suppl y. CURR[:LEV] Sets the imm ediate current level o r the p ending triggered current level of the power supply. The imm ed iate level is the current programm ed for the output terminals. The pending triggered cu[...]
-
Page 97
Standard Commands for Programm able Instruments (SCPI) 97 Initiate Subsystem This subsystem enables the trigger sy stem. When a trigger is en ab led , the triggerin g action will occur upon receipt of a <GET>, *TRG , or TRIGg er com mand. If a trigg er circuit is not enabled, all trigger com mands are ign o red. T he actions of the two initia[...]
-
Page 98
Standard Commands for Programm able Instruments (SCPI) 98 OUTP:PROT There are two ou tput protection comm ands that do the follow ing: OUTP:P ROT:CLE Clea rs any OV (over vo ltage), O C ( overcur rent, unless se t via external vo lta ge contro l),OT (overtemperature), or RI (remote inhibit) status conditions. If the power supply is configured w ith[...]
-
Page 99
Standard Commands for Programm able Instruments (SCPI) 99 Status Subsystem This su bsystem program s the power s upply st atus regist ers. T he power su pply has two grou ps of status registers; Operation and Quest ionable. Eac h group c o nsists of the follo wing five registers: Condition Enable Event NT R Filter PTR Filter Status Operation Regist[...]
-
Page 100
Standard Commands for Programm able Instruments (SCPI) 100 Query Syntax STAT us :OPER tio n :EVE N t? Returned Parameters <NR1> (Register Value ) Examples STAT: OPER: EV EN? STATUS: OPERATIO NAL: EVENT? NTR/PTR Commands These comm ands allow y ou to set or read the value of th e Operation NT R (Negative- Transitio n) and PTR (P ositive-Transi[...]
-
Page 101
Standard Commands for Programm able Instruments (SCPI) 101 STAT:QUES:COND? Returns the value of the Questionable Cond itio n register. That is a read-only register which holds the real-tim e (unlatched) questi o nable status of the pow er supply . Query Syntax STAT us :QUES tionab le :COND ition ? Examples STAT: QUES: CO ND? STATUS: QUESTIONABLE: C[...]
-
Page 102
Standard Commands for Programm able Instruments (SCPI) 102 Command Syntax STAT us :QUES tio nable :NTR ansition <NRf> STAT us :QUES tionable :PT R ansition <NRf > Parameters 0 to 32727 Default V alue 0 Examples STAT:QUES:NTR 16 STATUS: QUESTIONABLE:PTR 512 Query Syntax STAT:QUES:NTR? STAT:QUES:PTR? Returned Parameters <NR1> (Regis[...]
-
Page 103
Standard Commands for Programm able Instruments (SCPI) 103 Trigger Subsystem This subsystem co ntrols remote triggering of the power supply . TRIG[:IM M] When the trigger subsystem is armed, TRIG generates a trigger signal. The trigger w ill then: 1. Initiate the output change from the pending level to the imm ediate level (see CURR[:LEV ]:TRIG and[...]
-
Page 104
Standard Commands for Programm able Instruments (SCPI) 104 Query Syntax [SOUR ce ]:VOLT age [: LEV el ] [:IMM ed iate ][:AMPL itude ]? [SOUR ce ]:VOLT age [:LEV el ] [:IMM ediate ][:AMPL itude ]? M AX [SOUR ce ] :VOLT age [:LEV el ] [:IMM ediate ] [:AMPL itud e ] ? M I N [SOUR ce ]:VOLT age [LEV el ]:TRIG ger [:AMPL itude ]? [SOUR ce ]:VOLT age [LE[...]
-
Page 105
Standard Commands for Programm able Instruments (SCPI) 105 Table C-5. Bit Configuration of Status Reister Groups Bit Signal Meaning Operation Status Group 5 WTG The interface is w aiting for a trigger 8 CV T he p ower supply is in the positive constant-voltage mode 10 CC The p ower supp l y is sour c ing curre nt in the consta nt-c urrent mode Ques[...]
-
Page 106
Standard Commands for Programm able Instruments (SCPI) 106 Figure C-4. Pow er Supply Status Structure Table C-2. ST A T :QUES Commands Register Command Query Cleared By Condition (None) STAT:QUES:COND? Cannot be cleared PT R Filter STAT :QUES:PT R <NRf> ST AT:QUES:PT R? Programm ing 0 NTR Filter ST AT :QUES:NTR <NRf> ST AT:QUES:NTR? Pro[...]
-
Page 107
Standard Commands for Programm able Instruments (SCPI) 107 Table C-3. Examples of Questionable Status Register Bit P rogramming Example Signal Cond Reg PTR NTR E vent Enable Summary Change Filter Filter Reg Reg Bit Exam ple 1: OT 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 Exam ple 2: UNR 0=1 or 1 1 1 1 Exam ple 3: RI x x x 0 0 Exam ple 4: RI 0 1 0 1 1 Explanation of Examples E[...]
-
Page 108
Standard Commands for Programm able Instruments (SCPI) 108 NOTE Since the power supply impliments *PSC , this register is cleared at power turn on if *PSC = 1 Status Programming Examples ESE 60 Enables all error conditions into the ESB summary bit ESE 129 Enables only the power-on and operation complete events into the ESB summary bit Status Byte R[...]
-
Page 109
Standard Commands for Programm able Instruments (SCPI) 109 Status Programming Examples SRE 255 Enables all bits to generate serui ce requests SRE 239 Exclude s the MAV bit from ge rlerating a service request SRE 8 Enables only Questionable events to generate service requests Output Queue The Output Queue is a FIFO (first-in, first-out) data structu[...]
-
Page 110
Standard Commands for Programm able Instruments (SCPI) 110 Hardware Erro rs During Operation. If an error does n ot occur during selftest bu t after the pow er supply has been operat ing correctly f or a time, error -240 is placed in th e error queue. Most subsequ ent comm ands will not be ex ecuted and will also cause one or m ore - 240 errors to [...]
-
Page 111
Standard Commands for Programm able Instruments (SCPI) 111 Table C-5. Summary of Error Messages (continued) Error Number Error String [Description/Explanation/Examples] -178 Express ion data not allow ed -180 Macro error -181 Invalid o utside macro definition [e.g., ’ $1’ o utside macro definition.] -183 Invalid inside macro definition -184 Mac[...]
-
Page 112
Standard Commands for Programm able Instruments (SCPI) 112 Command Summary (continued) Subsystem Commands Command Parameters OUTP[:ST AT] <space>{0|OFF}[,NOR ] <space>{l|ON}[,NOR] OUTP? (none) OUTP:P ROT :CLE (none) OUTP:P ROT :DEL < space > < NR 1 > or < space > MIN or < space > MAX ABO R (no ne) OUTP:P ROT :DEL[...]
-
Page 113
Standard Commands for Programm able Instruments (SCPI) 113 A RPS/SCPI Commands Table C-6 lists the ARPS comm ands and compares them with the equiv alent SCP I com mands recognized by the Agilent series 603xA power supplies. Note that the Agilent Series 603xA power supplies use only a subset of SCP I comm ands. Use the SYST:LANG command to change be[...]
-
Page 114
[...]
-
Page 115
Programming the Agilent 603xA Power Supplies Using Basic 115 D Programming the Agilent 603xA Power Supplies Using Basic Introduction The exam ples in thi s appendix are provided as an introducti on to programm ing th e Agilen t 603xA pow er supplies w ith HPSeries 200/ 300 controllers u sing th e BASIC prog rammi ng la nguage. T he pro gramming exa[...]
-
Page 116
Programming the Agilent 603xA Power Supplies Using Basic 116 Note the use of a semicolon as a separator betw een the device com mand and th e data in the second example prog ram line above. The semi colon suppresses the carriage return an d line feed wh ich would be sen t with a com ma. The carriage return and line f eed sent with a com ma w ould c[...]
-
Page 117
Programming the Agilent 603xA Power Supplies Using Basic 117 120 ! 130 DEF FNSettled(OPTI ONAL Band, Rdgs. Timeli m i t) 140 ! BAND=SETTLING BAND IN VOLTS 150 ! RDGS=READINGS W I THIN BAND 160 ! TIMELIMI T=SETTLING TIME ALLOW ED, SECONDS 170 COM /Ps/ @Ps 180 OUTPUT @ Ps:” VSET?” 190 ENTER @Ps;Vset 200 SET TIMEDATE 2.1E+11 210 ! 220 Band_p=.01 2[...]
-
Page 118
Programming the Agilent 603xA Power Supplies Using Basic 118 Output Inhibit / Enable The output of the supply can be inh ibited w ithout dist urbing oth er programm ed functi ons by se nding the dev ice comm and "OUT OFF" . While the supply is disabled in this m anner, it can still accept new pro gram ming com mands. The device comm and &[...]
-
Page 119
Programming the Agilent 603xA Power Supplies Using Basic 119 80 ! 90 DEF FNOr_mode 100 COM /Ps/ @Ps 110 OUTPUT @Ps; “STS” 120 ENTER @Ps; Stat 130 RETURN BIT (Stat . 2) 140 FNEND Explanati on: 10: As s ign I/ O path name to power supply 20: Decl are common bl oc k for I/O pat h name 30: If FNOR_MODE= true t hen pr int mes s age 90: Defi ne funct[...]
-
Page 120
Programming the Agilent 603xA Power Supplies Using Basic 120 Fault an d Mask Registers Two additional registers p rovide the user with the ability to obtain selected subsets of the information available in the statu s register. The fault register can then be read to d etermine w hich condition caused the interrup t. Bits in both registers are assig[...]
-
Page 121
Programming the Agilent 603xA Power Supplies Using Basic 121 Condition • RQS ERR RDY •• PON FA U Bit position 765432 1 0 Bit W eight 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 Where • - Not Used FAU - Fault Condition PON - Power on Reset RDY - Ready to Process Com mands ERR - Prog rammin g Error RQS - Requ esting Service The ERR bit is set w hen a remote program[...]
-
Page 122
Programming the Agilent 603xA Power Supplies Using Basic 122 Service Requ est Service request provides the pr o gram mer with the m eans for interrupting the contro ller wh en a fault cond itio n occurs. Service is requested when the FA U bit in the serial p oll register, wh ich is the lo gical OR of all bits in the fault register, becomes tru e wi[...]
-
Page 123
Programming the Agilent 603xA Power Supplies Using Basic 123 Delay Ti me When changing the output voltage or current level of the supply it may change state to overrange, CV, or CC mode during the transition. This may not be desirable if an interrupt is enabled upon a mode transition. To deal with such situation, a time delay is implemented, during[...]
-
Page 124
Programming the Agilent 603xA Power Supplies Using Basic 124 80 SUB Err _trap 90 OFF KEY 100 COM /Ps/ @Ps 110 OUTPUT @ Ps:” ERR?” 120 ENTER@Ps;Er r 130 OUTPUT 2 USING "#.k":CHR$; (255)&CHR$( 75) 140 IF Err THEN 150 PRINT “ POW ER SUPPLY PROGRAMMING ERROR:” 160 END IF 170 SELECT Err 180 CASE 0 190 PRINT "NO ERROR HAS OCCUR[...]
-
Page 125
Programming the Agilent 603xA Power Supplies Using Basic 125 Protect ion Functions Overv oltage The trip level of the ov ervoltage protection circuit can be read by sending the device com mand "OVP?" and entering the result. If the overvoltage protectio n circuit has trip ped the supp ly can be reset by sending the "RST" device [...]
-
Page 126
Programming the Agilent 603xA Power Supplies Using Basic 126 Adva nced Topics Hold Mode At ti mes it m ay becom e necessary to program s everal pow er supplies sy nchronou sly. The h o ld mode provides adv antages over othe r less precise m eans of sy nchronou s programm ing. Wi th hold m ode, function s with first and s econd rank are all loaded i[...]
-
Page 127
Programming the Agilent 603xA Power Supplies Using Basic 127 130 OUTPUT @Ps:"VSET 3.ISET 6. 7.STO3" 140 OUTPUT @Ps:"VSET 4,ISET 5. STO4" 150 OUTPUT @Ps:"VSET 5,ISET 4, STO5;CLR;OUT ON" 160 ! 170 ! NOTE: CLR COMMAND DOES NOT CLEAR THE STATE REGI STERS. THE LAST 180 ! FOR STATES HAVE FOLDBACK ENABLED. 190 ! 200 ! 210 ! L[...]
-
Page 128
[...]
-
Page 129
Index 129 Index A AC bit ......................................................................................................................................................................... 61 accum ulated status ....................................................................................................................................[...]
-
Page 130
130 Index FOLDBA CK indicator.......................................................................................................................................... 32, 43 foldback protection ............................................................................................................................................. 68, 125 fus e[...]
-
Page 131
Index 131 OC bit ........................................................................................................................ ................................. 98, 101, 105 OPC bit .............................................................................................................................................................[...]
-
Page 132
132 Index serial poll ................................................................................................................... ................................. 45, 108, 121 service reques t ....................................................................................................................................................[...]
-
Page 133
Agilent Sales and Support Office 133 A gilent Sales and Support Office For more inf ormation about A gilent Technologies test and m easurement produ cts, applications, services, and for a curren t sales office listing, visit our w e b site: ht t p: / / www.t m. a gi l e nt . c om / You can also cont act one of the follow ing centers and ask for a t[...]
-
Page 134
134 Index Manual Updates The following updates have been made to this manual since the print revisio n ind icated on the title page. 2/24/99 Figu re 2-4 has been added t o page 28. Pages 23 to 28 hav e been reform atted to mak e room for th is figu re. A Cau tion has been added to the *ES E, *PSC, * SAV, and * SRE, comm ands betw een pages 89 an d [...]