Allied Air Enterprises KLN 90B manuel d'utilisation

KLN 90B Bendix/King ® TSO’d GPS Navigation System Pilot’ s Guide ORS 20 A[...]

A AlliedSignal, Inc. Commercial Avionics Systems 400 North Rogers Road Olathe, Kansas 66062-1294 FAX 913-791-1302 Telephone: (913) 782-0400 006-08773-0000 Rev.1 05/97[...]

i Rev 1 KLN 90B PILO T’S GUIDE 006-08773-0000 f or KLN 90Bs with OPERA TIONAL REVISION ST A TUS (ORS) 20 Ma y , 1997 IMPORT ANT : Special installation procedures must be f ollo wed in order f or the KLN 90B to be cer tified f or IFR use. Consult the KLN 90B Flight Manual Supplement f or the operating limitations of this unit. For Important Databa[...]

ii Rev 1 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK[...]

TOC-1 Rev 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................... I PREVIEW OF OPERATION ............................................................................................................................................ II CH[...]

TOC-2 Rev 1 3.11 VIEWING THE WAYPOINT PAGES ...........................................................................................................3-42 3.11.1 Airport Pages .................................................................................................................................. 3-42 3.11.2 The Airport 1 Page (APT 1) ...[...]

TOC-3 Rev 1 5.1.4 The Trip Planning 5 And Trip Planning 6 Pages (TRI 5 and TRI 6) ..................................................5-6 5.2 ADVISORY VNAV OPERATION .....................................................................................................................5-7 5.2.1 VNAV For Direct To Operation ..............................[...]

TOC-4 CHAPTER 6 - LEVEL 4 OPERATION .........................................................................................................................6-1 6.1 NON-PRECISION APPROACH OPERATIONS ..............................................................................................6-1 6.1.1 Selecting An Approach .........................[...]

I The KLN 90B is an extremely sophisticated navigational device, capable of providing highly accurate navigation over most parts of the world. You will be amazed at all of the navigational and other aeronautical functions that the unit can perform. However, you don’t need to mas- ter all of the KLN 90B’s capabilities at once. In just a short ti[...]

II No doubt you are going to read this entire manual just as soon as you possibly can. But just to get an idea of how easy the KLN 90B is to operate, the following oper- ational preview is presented. This operational preview assumes the KLN 90B has been properly installed, the unit was previously operational in the same general geographical locatio[...]

1-1 A basic KLN 90B system consists of a panel mounted KLN 90B GPS sensor/navigation computer, a data base cartridge, and an antenna. An altitude input is required to obtain full navigation and operational capabilities. Additional system components may be added or inter- faced to the KLN 90B which increase its features and capabilities. Some of the[...]

1-2 Two GPS antennas can be used with the KLN 90B. One is the KA91 and the other is the KA 92. The KA 92 is used with new production KLN 90Bs and the KA 91 is used with units that have been upgraded from either a KLN 90 or a KLN 90A. They are “patch” antennas designed to always be mounted on the top of the aircraft. The KLN 90B has analog outpu[...]

2-1 Rev 1 One reason the KLN 90B is such a powerful navigation system is because of its extensive database. A database is an area of electronic memory used to store a large cat- alog of navigational and aeronautical information. 2.1 FUNCTIONS OF THE D AT A B ASE The database provides two primary functions. First, it makes pilot interface with the G[...]

2-2 Rev 1 only for airports in the primary area of the database. Intersections, air route traffic control center data, flight service station frequencies, and special use airspace are also provided only for the primary area. The following is a list of the KLN 90B database contents: *AIRPORTS • Identifier • Name • City, State or Country • Ty[...]

2-3 Rev 1 2.3 USE OF IC A O IDENTIFIERS Waypoints are stored in the KLN 90B database almost exclusively by their ICAO identifiers. ICAO is an interna- tionally accepted reference for the data. In almost all cases the proper ICAO identifiers may be taken directly from Jeppesen Sanderson or government aeronautical charts. For example, Dallas and Los [...]

2-4 Rev 1 2.4.1 Computer Updating Of The Database Update information is sent to you on several 3.5” disks. In order to use this update method you must have access to an IBM compatible computer having a disk drive capa- ble of using and booting (loading) from 3.5” 1.44 megabyte high density disks. This computer also needs to have an available CO[...]

2-5 Rev 1 3. Turn on the computer being used for the database update. Insert Disk 1 into the computer’s disk drive. There can be either 2 or 3 disks used for the update so be sure the label on the outside of the disk says “Disk 1 of 2” or “Disk 1 of 3”. The program on the disk will automati- cally “boot” (load) and the computer screen[...]

2-6 Rev 1 8. Press E to acknowledge the estimated load time and begin erasing the existing database. The unit will now display ERASING DATA BASE (figure 2-6). After the database has been erased, loading of the new data begins automatically. As the new data is being loaded, the percentage of transfer is displayed (figure 2-7). 9. Monitor the compute[...]

2-7 Rev 1 1. Insert the KLN 90B insertion/removal tool (supplied with unit) in the small hole located on the right side of the front of the unit (figure 2-9). A standard 3/32 inch Allen wrench may also be used. 2. Turn the tool counterclockwise until the locking mech- anism becomes loose and then continue turning counter- clockwise until it just ba[...]

2-8 Rev 1 which side is up and which end to insert into the KLN 90B. Insert the new cartridge into the back of the unit. When the cartridge is properly inserted, the “Insert To Here” marking on the label can just be seen protruding from the rear of the KLN 90B (figure 2-11). 6 . Make sure that the front lug of the locking mechanism is in the up[...]

Name: Company: Address: City: State: Zip Code: Country: T elephone: ( ) F AX : ( ) Aircraft Make: Aircraft Model: ______ Please set up the service under: MasterCard/VISA Method of Payment Check/Money order enclosed Wire T ransfer: Chase Manhattan Bank, NY Acct #910-2-538734 T ax may apply in some states. See pricing sheet. Number Expires Signature [...]

BUSINESS REPL Y MAIL FIRST -CLASS MAIL PERMIT NO. 121 OLA THE, KANSAS POST AGE WILL BE P AID BY ADDRESSEE Fold here NO POST AGE NECESSARY IF MAILED IN THE UNITED ST A TES ALLIEDSIGNAL COMMERCIAL A VIONICS SYSTEMS M D 66 400 NORTH ROGERS ROAD OLA THE KS 66062-9987 T ape here[...]

3-1 Rev 1 This is the first of three chapters specifically dealing with operating the KLN 90B. In this chapter you will learn the basic operation of the front panel controls and then how to perform Direct To navigation (navigating from your pre- sent position direct to your desired location). CHAPTER 3 - LEVEL 1 OPER A TION 74° 60° 45° 30° 15°[...]

CRSR MSG D CLR ENT KLN 90B TSO GPS ı CRSR PUSH ON BRT APT VOR NDB INT SUPL NA V D/T ACTV REF CTR CALC ST A T SETUP OTHER NA V FPL MODE TRIP PULL SCAN LEFT OUTER MESSAGE DIRECT TO CLEAR ENTER RIGHT OUTER LEFT INNER RIGHT INNER LEFT CURSOR POWER/BRIGHTNESS RIGHT CURSOR $=KOSH |=KOSH +++++Ê+++++|WITTMAN DIS 683nm| GS 193kt| ETE 3:34|N 43^59.06'[...]

3-3 Rev 1 3.2 TURN-ON AND SELF TEST Enough of the preliminaries. Let’s get started into actu- ally turning the KLN 90B on and using it! Figure 3-2 will fold out and allow you to use it as a reference as you read this chapter, especially if you don’t have a KLN 90B immediately at hand. The steps below take a lot of words to explain, but you will[...]

3-4 Rev 1 The distance field (DIS) always displays 34.5 NM (nautical miles). If the KLN 90B is interfaced to a compatible indicator that displays DME distance, the indicator should be displaying 34.5 nautical miles. If the KLN 90B is interfaced with a mechanical NAV indicator such as an HSI or a course deviation indica- tor (CDI), the D-bar (deviat[...]

3-5 Rev 1 The KLN 90B needs to have the correct time, date, and position to be able to determine which satellites should be in view. This information is stored in the battery backed memory of the KLN 90B so it is not normally required to update it. If the KLN 90B has the correct time, date, and position, then the time to first fix will usually be j[...]

3-6 Rev 1 You will be able to change the time zone any time you desire on several other pages, so don’t worry if you’re not sure which time zone to choose. UTC - Coordinated Universal Time (also called “Zulu”) is always a safe choice. Once you have selected the desired time zone, turn the right outer knob one step counterclockwise to positi[...]

3-7 Rev 1 9. To enter the correct baro setting, rotate the right inner knob to select the first two digits of the correct altime- ter setting (figure 3-19). Rotate the right outer knob one step clockwise to move the flashing cursor over the third position. Use the right inner knob to select the correct number. Use the right outer and inner knobs to[...]

The NAV 2 page (present position) is now automatically displayed on the left side of the screen and the waypoint pag e for the waypoint which was active when the KLN 90B was last turned off will be displayed on the right side (figure 3-26). If the last active waypoint was an airport, the APT 4 page (airport communications) will be dis- played. Isn?[...]

3-9 Rev 1 3.3 DISPLA Y FORMA T The KLN 90B uses a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) display. The display screen is divided into segments. These seg- ments are formed by horizontal and vertical lines on the screen. Most of the time there are five segments as shown in figure 3-28. There are occasionally times when there are only four segments (figure 3-29) or o[...]

3-10 Rev 1 pages, all having the same page number, used to present all of the required information. That is, all of the inform a - tion associated with a particular page number doesn’t fit on the page being viewed. In this case the “ + ” sign indi- cates that there are two or more APT 4 pages. Figure 3- 34 shows the second APT 4 page fo r KMK[...]

3-11 Rev 1 1 KMKC | 2 BUM | 3 OSW | 4 TUL | 5 KTUL | | CRSR Figure 3-38 3.4 B ASIC OPER A TION OF P ANEL CONT R OLS Remember that figure 3-2 is on a fold-out page that you may want to refer to as you read this chapter. The KLN 90B has five knobs and seven buttons which are used to perform all operations. In general, the two concentric knobs and the[...]

3-12 Rev 1 3.4.1 Page Selection It’s now time for learning to select a desired page. NOTE: The cursor function, which is controlled by the left and right C (cursor) buttons, is not used in selecting pages and the C buttons should not be pressed at this time. If CRSR is annunciated in the lower left or right segments of the display, press the left[...]

3-13 Rev 1 Page Annunciation Knob Annunciation Page Name Page Numbers CTR CTR Center Wpt. 1-2 REF REF Reference Wpt. None ACT ACTV Active Wpt. ** D/T D/T Distance/Time 1-4 NAV NAV Navigation 1-5 APT APT Airport Wpt. 1-8 VOR VOR VOR Wpt. None NDB NDB NDB Wpt. None INT INT Intersection Wpt. None SUP SUPL Supplemental Wpt. None **Varies with the type [...]

3-14 Rev 1 3.4.2 Data Entry Now that you’ve learned how to select the desired page, you’re ready to learn the means of entering data. It is necessary to enter data, for example, in order to specify a Direct To waypoint of your choice. The general proce- dure for entering a waypoint identifier is described below. The Trip Planning 3 (TRI 3) page[...]

3-15 Rev 1 3.4.3 Alternative Waypoint Data Entry Method There is another method of data entry for waypoints which you will sometimes find convenient. This method applies when there is a page on the left side of the screen with the cursor over a field where a waypoint is enterable. You may fill the waypoint field on the left side by first selecting [...]

3-16 Rev 1 3.5 MESS A GE P A GE Whenever the KLN 90B determines that there is a situ a - tion that requires your attention, the MSG prompt begins flashing in inverse video at the bottom of the display just to the right of the mode of operation (figure 3-55). A remote message annunciator may also be installed in the aircraft instrument panel. You sh[...]

3-17 Rev 1 3.6 INITIALIZ A TION AND TIME T O FIRST FIX Since the KLN 90B stores its position and other required parameters in memory when power to the unit is removed, it is seldom necessary to aid the unit in reac h - ing a NAV ready condition. The time required from power on until the KLN 90B determines its present position and is therefore ready[...]

3-18 Rev 1 1. Select the Setup 1 page ( SET 1 ) by first turning the left outer knob to display a SET type page. Next, turn the left inner knob until the SET 1 page is selected (figure 3-57). 2. Press the left C to bring the cursor on the page over the WPT field (figure 3-58). 3. Use the left inner knob to enter the first character of the identifie[...]

3-19 Rev 1 NOTE: The groundspeed (KT) and heading ( ° ) fields are not used for actual initialization in an aircraft. However, if the KLN 90B is in the take-home mode, entering a groundspeed will allow the KLN 90B to “fly” along the active flight plan (or to a direct to waypoint) starting from the initialization waypoint. A heading may be ente[...]

3-20 Rev 1 3.7 SELECTING W A YPOINTS There are five types of waypoints: airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections, and supplemental. Waypoints in the pub- lished database (those in the cartridge) fall into one of the first four types. Remember that you can create up to 250 of your own waypoints which you may designate as one of the first four types or yo[...]

3-21 Rev 1 Did you notice that as you entered the “K” in step 3 that the second and third characters also changed? That is because every time you enter a character (in this case the “K”), the KLN 90B searches its database to offer the first waypoint in the database which begins with the char- acters you have already entered. Since the KLN 9[...]

3-22 Rev 1 3.7.3 “Nearest” And “Complete” Waypoint Scan Lists There are actually two waypoint scan lists for airports, VORs, and NDBs. These two lists are the “complete” list and the “nearest” list. The complete list contains all of the waypoints in the database for a waypoint type (all the air- ports for example). The nearest list [...]

3-23 Rev 1 5 . Turn the left inner knob to select either HRD SF T or to selec t HRD . If HRD SF T is chosen, then both hard and soft surface runways meeting the required runway length will be included in the nearest airport list. If HR D is chosen, then only hard surface runways will be included. Hard surface runways include concrete, asphalt, pave[...]

3-24 Rev 1 3.7.3.2 Continuous Display Of Nearest Airport When the nearest airport page is initially displayed, “NR 1” is displayed in the upper right hand corner of the page to designate this airport as the nearest airport. However, if you continue to fly along your flight plan with this page selected, the same airport will be displayed and its[...]

3-25 Rev 1 4. Turn the right inner knob to display the first character of the waypoint name, “N” in this case (figure 3-78). 5. Turn the right outer knob one step clockwise and then use the right inner knob to enter the second character, “A” (figure 3-79). 6. Use the right outer knob and right inner knob as before to select the third charac[...]

3-26 Rev 1 11. Rotate the right outer knob one more step clockwise to position the cursor over the fifth character. 12. Pull the right inner knob to the “out” position (figure 3- 84). Once again rotate the knob to scan through all the airport names beginning with “NEWP”. How about that! Now there are just a few names and Newport News is eas[...]

3-27 Rev 1 3.8 DIRECT T O OPERA TION The D button is used to initiate Direct To operation (navigation from your present position direct to your desti- nation). When D is pressed, the Direct To page will be displayed on the left side with a flashing cursor over a waypoint identifier (figure 3-87). The waypoint identifier which appears on the Direct [...]

3-28 Rev 1 3.8.1 Direct To-Procedure 1 1 . Press D . The Direct To page is displayed on the left side (figure 3-87). The cursor will already be on the left page. A waypoint identifier may or may not be di s - played, it doesn’t matter at this point. 2 . Rotate the left inner knob to select the first character of the desired waypoint’s identifie[...]

3-29 Rev 1 3 . Pres s E to approve the waypoint page displayed on the right side. The right side will now display the NAV 1 page, and the left side will return to the page which was displayed prior to pressing D (figure 3-96). If the Direct To was started while the NAV 1 page was shown on the left side then the left and right pages will revert to t[...]

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3-31 Rev 1 3.9 THE N A VIG A TION P A GES As you would expect, the NAV (navigation) pages contain information relating specifically to the KLN 90B’s navig a - tion capabilities. The KLN 90B has five NAV pages. Unlike any other pages, these pages may be selected and viewed on both the left and right sides of the screen. The procedure for selecting[...]

3-32 Rev 1 3.9.2 The Super NAV 1 Page When the NAV 1 page is selected on both the left and right sides at the same time, the Super NAV 1 page is displayed (figure 3-102). The Super NAV 1 page contains exactly the same information as the standard NAV 1 page but spreads the data out across the entire screen making it even easier to view. The word “[...]

3-33 Rev 1 • Minimum Safe Altitude for present position (MSA ) - IMPORTANT : The minimum safe altitude displayed is the altitude defined by Jeppesen as “Grid Minimum Off-Route Altitude (Grid MORA)”. This altitude is derived by Jeppesen for sectors which are one degree of latitude by one degree of longitude in size. One degree of latitude is 6[...]

3-34 Rev 1 3.9.5 The Navigation 4 Page (NAV 4) The NAV 4 page (figure 3-107) is used for altitude alerting and for advisory vertical navigation (VNAV). The oper a - tion of altitude alerting is described in section 3.15 and the operation of VNAV is described in section 5.2. 3.9.6 The Navigation 5 Page (NAV 5) The NAV 5 page provides a navigation gr[...]

3-35 Rev 1 knob to display N ? for North up, DTK ? for desired track up (figure 3-112), TK ? for actual track up (figure 3-113), or HDG ? for heading up (figure 3-114). The heading up selection is not presented as a choice if heading is not provided to the KLN 90B. If the cursor is moved to the map range scale using the outer knob or if the cursor [...]

3-36 Rev 1 3.9.7 The Super NAV 5 Page Regardless of whether you ultimately learn to use just the Direct To capabilities of the KLN 90B or whether you master all of its sophisticated features, you will definitely want to learn how to use the Super NAV 5 page! The Super NAV 5 page provides you with a true moving map display of your present position a[...]

3-37 Rev 1 Like the NAV 5 page, the Super NAV 5 page shows a graphics depiction of the direct to waypoint or the way- points making up the active flight plan. But surprise nu m - ber one is that the Super NAV 5 page shows alphan u - meric waypoint identifiers on the graphics display to make orientation even easier for you. Now surprise number two. [...]

3-38 Rev 1 The last surprise for this page is that it is possible for you to change the active waypoint to any of the flight plan waypoints without having to leave this very useful page. This is done by pulling on the right inner knob to place it in the “out” position. This will create a “window” at the bottom right corner of the display th[...]

3-39 Rev 1 3.10 SPECIAL USE AIRSP A CE ALERT The KLN 90B database contains the location of areas of special use airspace (SUA). The types of SUA areas stored in the database and the abbreviations used to denote these areas are the following: Class B CL B Class C CL C Control Area (used outside USA) CTA Terminal Area (used outside USA) TMA Alert Are[...]

3-40 Rev 1 update the altimeter baro setting on the ALT page each time you make a change to an aircraft’s altime- ter setting. NOTE: If there is no altitude input to the KLN 90B, all alti- tudes will be regarded as being within the boundary of the SUA area. Only the outer lateral boundaries are stored for Class B, Class C, CTA, and TMA airspace. [...]

3-41 Rev 1 The SUA alert feature may be disabled (or enabled) on the Setup 8 (SET 8) page, shown in figure 3-129. After displaying the SET 8 page on the left side, press the left C to turn on the left cursor function. The left inner knob is used to display AIRSPACE ALERT ENABLE or AIR- SPACE ALERT DISABLE. If the SUA alert feature has been enabled,[...]

3-42 Rev 1 3.11 VIEWING THE W A YPOINT P A GES You learned in section 3.7, “SELECTING WAYPOINTS”, the different means of selecting the desired waypoint. You will now see what information may be displayed for each of the waypoint types (airport, VOR, NDB, interse c - tion, and supplemental). 3.11.1 Airport Pages There are eight airport pages (AP[...]

3-43 Rev 1 3.11.3 The Airport 2 Page (APT 2) See figure 3-135. • Airport identifier. An arrow precedes the identifier if it is the active waypoint. • The city where the airport is located. • The state if the airport is located in the United States, the Province if located in Canada, or the country out- side the United States and Canada. A lis[...]

3-44 Rev 1 The primary APT 3 page (figure 3-137) follows the run- way diagram. Runway designation, lighting, and types of surface for up to five runways are displayed in order of length, beginning with the longest. Since there are many times when all of an airport’s runway information does not fit on one page, additional APT 3 pages are used to d[...]

3-45 Rev 1 3.11.5 The Airport 4 Page (APT 4) See figure 3-138 The APT 4 page is used to display communication fr e - quencies for the selected airport. • Airport identifier. An arrow precedes the identifier if it is the active waypoint. • Frequencies for: ATIS - automatic terminal information service PTA X - pre-taxi clearance CLR - clearance d[...]

3-46 Rev 1 The frequencies associated with CL B, CL C, TRSA, CTA, or TMA are VFR frequencies. Airports which have one of these categories of frequencies also have APR and DEP which are IFR frequencies. Where required, APR, DEP, CL B, CL C, TRSA, CTA, and TMA frequencies are sectorized. That is, a fre- quency may be used only within a certain range [...]

3-47 Rev 1 3.11.6 The Airport 5 Page (APT 5) The Airport 5 page is used to store and display user- entered remarks. These remarks might include informa- tion on lodging, dining, airport services, or anything else you desire to record for later use. Up to 100 airports may contain these remarks. A remark may contain up to three lines of eleven charac[...]

3-48 Rev 1 3.11.7 The Airport 6 Page (APT 6) The APT 6 page shows aeronautical services available for the selected airport. These services include customs, fuel, and oxygen availability as well as an indicator to denote the presence of a landing fee. Refer to figure 3-146. • Customs information is displayed as follows: CUSTOMS-FULL Customs facili[...]

3-49 Rev 1 3.11.8 The Airport 7 Page (APT 7) The APT 7 page shows the SID and STAR procedures that are available for the selected airport. If both SID and STAR procedures are available then there will be two APT 7 pages indicated by APT+ 7 (figure 3-147). If there are no SID or STAR procedures in the database then this page will be as shown in figu[...]

3-50 Rev 1 3.11.11 The NDB Page The NDB page shown in figure 3-153 for Ottawa NDB is used to illustrate the contents of an NDB page. • NDB identifier. An arrow precedes the identifier if it is the active waypoint. • The name of the NDB. • The NDB frequency (kHz). • The latitude and longitude of the NDB. There is also a nearest NDB scan list[...]

3-51 Rev 1 5 . Pres s E to display the waypoint page for the identi- fier just entered. 6 . Pres s E to approve the waypoint page. The Intersection page is displayed with the computed radial and distance (figure 3-158). 7 . Press the right C to turn off the right cursor function. 3.11.13 The Supplemental Waypoint Page (SUP) Supplemental waypoints a[...]

3-52 Rev 1 3.12 FRE Q UENCIES FOR NEAREST FLIGHT SE R VICE S TA TIONS The KLN 90B stores in its database the locations of Flight Service Stations (FSS) and their remote communications sites. In addition, the KLN 90B determines which two of these FSS points of communication are closest to your present location. What a convenience for you! Next time [...]

3-53 Rev 1 3.14 VIEWING AND SETTING THE D A TE AND TIME The KLN 90B system time and date should seldom, if ever, require updating because they are automatically updated when at least one satellite is received. In addition, the KLN 90B contains an internal battery powered calendar clock to keep system time and date when the unit is not being used. Y[...]

3-54 Rev 1 If it is required to set the time: 1 . Select the SET 2 page on the left side. 2 . Press the left C to turn on the left cursor function if it is not on already. 3 . Use the left outer knob to position the cursor over the time zone (figure 3-169). 4 . Use the left inner knob to change the time zone, if desired (figure 3-170). A listing of[...]

3-55 Rev 1 3.15 AL TITUDE ALER TING If your aircraft does not already have an altitude alerting capability you may wish to use the KLN 90B’s capability of assisting you with altitude management during your flying. Altitude alerting allows you to select a target altitude and it then provides you with an aural alarm 1000 feet prior to reaching the [...]

3-56 Rev 1 5. Enter the selected altitude one digit at a time in the SEL field of the NAV 4 page by using the right outer knob to position the cursor over the desired digit and the right inner knob to change the digits until the entire selected altitude is displayed (figure 3-180). Only the selected altitude field ( SEL ) and the indicated alti- tu[...]

3-57 Rev 1 The volume of the aural alarm tone is changeable on the SET 9 page (figure 3-181). Press the left C to activate the left cursor and use the left inner and outer knobs to select a desired volume between 00 and 99. Increasing numbers increases the volume. NOTE: The altitude alerting and height above airport fea- tures can be disabled in th[...]

3-58 Rev 1 3.16 HEIGHT ABO VE AIRPOR T ALERT The height above airport alert feature can provide you a means of knowing when you are at traffic pattern altitude or when you are at a fixed height above the airport where you might perform any repetitive duty. The height above airport feature works as follows: You enable/disable this feature and select[...]

3-59 Rev 1 The alert tone is provided in the same way as described in section 3.15, “Altitude Alerting”. The volume is adjustable on the SET 9 page. In order to use the height above airport alert, an altitude input must be provided to the KLN 90B. If the altitude input to the KLN 90B is pressure altitude such as from an altitude encoder or air [...]

3-60 Rev 1 3.18 SAMPLE TRIP Just to make sure you are ready to use the KLN 90B for navigation, let’s go through a sample trip to illustrate many of the features you have learned to use in this sec- tion of the Pilot’s Guide. Our trip will be from Adams field (KLIT) in Little Rock, Arkansas to Mueller Municipal air- port (KAUS) in Austin, Texas.[...]

3-61 Rev 1 While the display menu is displayed, select the track up map orientation (TK) as well. Pressing the right C again removes the menu from the screen. You select the 30 nm range scale on the left side using the left C and left knobs. You also decide to display ETE, DTK, and TK on the left side of the map display by using the left knobs. 6. [...]

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4-1 Rev 1 This is the second of four chapters specifically dealing with operating the KLN 90B. In this chapter you will learn to create and use flight plans. A flight plan is an organized listing of waypoints defining your route of flight. You may feel that you learned all you need to know in chapter 3 about operating the KLN 90B, since you can use[...]

4-2 Rev 1 4.1.1 Creating A Flight Plan A flight plan for a flight from Lakefront airport in New Orleans, LA. to St. Petersburg/Clearwater, FL. International airport will be used as an example of how to create a flight plan. The waypoints making up the flight plan are: KNE W (Lakefront airport), GP T (Gulfport VOR), SJ I (Semmes VOR), CE W (Crestvie[...]

4-3 Rev 1 that, for some reason, the governing agencies have decided that it is important to fly directly over the waypoint instead of being able to “cut the corner” by using turn anticipation (see section 4.2.2). In these cases the KLN 90B will present a waypoint type identification page (Figure 4-7a). Simply select the way in which the waypoi[...]

4-4 Rev 1 4. Press E to activate the flight plan in the order shown (figure 4-12). To activate the flight plan in inverse order (first waypoint becomes last and last waypoint becomes first), rotate the left outer knob one step clockwise to position the cursor over USE? INVRT? before pressing E (figure 4-13). 5. The selected flight plan is now displ[...]

4-5 Rev 1 4.1.4 Deleting A Waypoint From A Flight Plan To delete a waypoint from a flight plan: 1. Press the left C to enable the left cursor function if it is not on already. 2. Rotate the left outer knob as necessary to position the cursor over the waypoint to be deleted (figure 4-19). 3. Press @ . The letters DEL (delete) will appear to the left[...]

4-6 Rev 1 4.1.6 Storing FPL 0 As A Numbered Flight Plan The active flight plan may be loaded into a numbered flight plan so that it can be recalled for later use. This may be desirable, for example, if the active flight plan was originally created on the FPL 0 page and not as a num- bered flight plan. To store the active flight plan as a nu m - ber[...]

4-7 Rev 1 4.2 OPER A TING F R OM THE A CTIVE FLIGHT PLAN 4.2.1 General Procedures Everything you have learned in this Pilot’s Guide thus far is applicable to using the KLN 90B for flight plan oper a - tion. The following rules and considerations apply for flight plan operation while the KLN 90B is in the Leg mode: • Although any of the KLN 90B [...]

4-8 Rev 1 • If the flight plan contains more waypoints than can be displayed on the screen at one time, the page will automatically scroll as progress is made along the flight plan so that the active leg is always displayed (figure 4-32). • The last waypoint in the flight plan is always displayed at the bottom of the FPL 0 page, even if all of [...]

4-9 Rev 1 The desired track ( DTK ) displayed on the NAV 3 page also changes to the value for the next leg at the beginning of turn anticipation. Turn anticipation becomes inactive when transition to the next leg has been made. In some installtions the KLN 90B can “read” the selected course set on external CDIs or HSIs. In these installations t[...]

4-10 Rev 1 4.2.3 Viewing The Waypoint Pages For The Active Flight Plan Waypoints The waypoint pages(s) for each of the waypoints in the active flight plan may be easily displayed by selecting the Active Waypoint page type ( ACT ) on the right side. When the ACT page type is first selected, the waypoint page for the active waypoint will be displayed[...]

4-11 Rev 1 1 . Select the FPL 0 page of the left side. 2 . Press the left C and then use the left outer knob to position the cursor over the desired waypoint (figure 4- 40). 3 . Pres s D . The waypoint page for the selected waypoint in FPL 0 will be displayed on the right side (figure 4-41). 4 . Pres s E to approve the waypoint page. The Direct To [...]

4-12 Rev 1 If a non-flight plan page is displayed on the left, the format of the D/T 1 page changes to display just the distance and ETE for the active waypoint and for the last waypoint in the flight plan (figure 4-46). 4.2.7 The Distance/Time 2 Page (D/T 2) When the FPL 0 page is displayed on the left side and the D/T 2 page is displayed on the r[...]

4-13 Rev 1 4.2.9 The Distance/Time 4 Page (D/T 4) The format of the D/T 4 page does not change. It dis- plays on a single page the pertinent times for the flight regardless of what is displayed on the left page and regardless of whether flight plan or Direct To operation is occurring (figure 4-53). The information displayed on the D/T 4 page is the[...]

4-14 Rev 1 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK[...]

4-15 4.3 SAMPLE TRIP Let’s use a sample trip to illustrate some of the KLN 90B’s flight plan features you learned to use in this section of the Pilot’s Guide. The flight will be from Lakefront airport in New Orleans, LA. ( KNEW ) to St. Petersburg/Clearwater, FL. international airport ( KPIE ). You decide to fly mostly an inland route rather [...]

4-16 Rev 1 4.3.1 Pre-Departure 1 . After turn-on and approval of the Self Test and Database pages, the APT 4 page (airport communic a - tion frequencies) for KNE W is displayed on the right side of the screen. Viewing the APT 4 page, you set up the COMMs for ATIS, Clearance Delivery, Ground, and Tower. 2 . You create the flight plan on the FPL 4 pa[...]

4-17 Rev 1 3 . As you pass abeam GPT, the leg orientation automat i - cally changes to the second leg (figure 4-61). 4 . After joining the second leg of the flight plan, you view the D/T 1 page to see that the ETE to SJ I is 14 min- utes and that the ETE to your destination is 2 hours and 28 minutes. The D/T 2 page indicates you should arrive over [...]

4-18 Rev 1 8 . When you are 20 NM West of MAI , you decide to pro- ceed direct to Cross City VOR ( CTY ). To do this from the Super NAV 5 page, you pull out the right inner knob and scan through the active flight plan until CTY is displayed (figure 4-66). Next, you press D to view the waypoint page for CTY, and then pres s E to navigate directly to[...]

5-1 5.1 TRIP PLANNING There are seven Trip Planning pages ( TRI ) that can be displayed on the left side of the screen. The KLN 90B allows three kinds of trip planning. The TRI 1 and TRI 2 pages team together to provide trip planning from your present position to any waypoint of your choice. The TRI 3 and TRI 4 pages provide trip planning between a[...]

5-2 5.1.1 The Trip Planning 0 Page (TRI 0) If desired, you may enter the aircraft’s true airspeed ( TAS ) and the winds aloft on the TRI 0 page so that this information is utilized on the other Trip Planning pages. The KLN 90B uses the TAS and winds entered on the TRI 0 page to calculate your estimated groundspeed for specific trip planning route[...]

5-3 5.1.2 The Trip Planning 1 And Trip Planning 2 Pages (TRI 1 and TRI 2) The TRI 1 and TRI 2 pages allow trip planning from your present position to any waypoint of your choice. Unlike the other Trip Planning pages, in order to utilize the TRI 1 and TRI 2 pages, the KLN 90B must either be receiv- ing GPS signals sufficient to be in the NAV ready s[...]

5-4 7. You can also calculate an estimate of the fuel required to the selected waypoint. Turn the left outer knob to position the cursor over the appropriate first digit adjacent to fuel flow ( FF ). 8. Use the left inner and outer knobs as before to enter the aircraft’s rate of fuel flow. The unit (gallons, pounds, etc.) is not important as long[...]

5-5 5.1.3 The Trip Planning 3 And Trip Planning 4 Pages (TRI 3 and TRI 4) The TRI 3 and TRI 4 pages allow trip planning between any two waypoints. The KLN 90B does not have to be receiving GPS signals or even be connected to an antenna in order to utilize these pages. To use the TRI 3 and TRI 4 pages: 1. Select the TRI 3 page on the left side (figu[...]

5-6 Rev 1 5.1.4 The Trip Planning 5 And Trip Planning 6 Pages (TRI 5 and TRI 6) The TRI 5 and TRI 6 pages are used to do trip planning for any one of the previously entered flight plans (FPL 0, FPL 1, FPL 2, ..., FPL 25). The KLN 90B does not have to be receiving GPS signals or even be connected to an antenna in order to utilize these pages. To use[...]

5-7 Rev 1 5.2 A D VISO R Y VN A V OPER A TION The KLN 90B’s vertical navigation feature (VNAV) allows you to program a descent or ascent path, and then provides you with an advisory altitude to fly that will provide guidance along the vertical path. For example, you can program the VNAV to provide descent guidance so that you arrive at your activ[...]

5-8 Rev 1 Figure 5-28 |VNV 7500ft | |IND 07500ft |SEL:01900ft |KDBQ :-02nm |ANGLE:-1.8^ NAV 4 4 . Use the outer knob to move the cursor to the offset field adjacent to the active waypoint identifier. Entering an offset allows you to reach the desired altitude a specified distance before reaching the way- point. In this example you[...]

5-9 Rev 1 5.2.2 VNAV For Flight Plan Operation Using the vertical navigation function when flying via a flight plan is virtually the same as for the previous Direct To example. The NAV 4 page will initially contain the identifier for the active “to” waypoint in the flight plan. You may program the vertical ascent or descent refe r - encing this[...]

5-10 Rev 1 5.3 CALCULA T OR P A GES There are seven Calculator pages which may be used to calculate a variety of flight related information such as pressure and density altitude, true airspeed, winds aloft, VNAV angle, and time zone conversions. The Calculator pages allow you to make “what if” calculations for condi- tions other than the presen[...]

5-11 Rev 1 The density altitude ( DEN ) is now displayed. 6. Press the left C to turn off the left cursor function. NOTE: If a compatible air data system is interfaced to the KLN 90B the Other 10 ( OTH 10 ) page displays pressure and density altitude directly for the present conditions. 5.3.2 The Calculator 2 Page (CAL 2) The CAL 2 page is used to [...]

5-12 Rev 1 5.3.3 The Calculator 3 Page (CAL 3) The CAL 3 page is used to determine the present wind direction and speed. In addition, the headwind or tailwind component of the wind is displayed. To calculate these values: 1. Select the CAL 3 page on the left side (figure 5-37). 2. Press the left C to turn on the left cursor function. 3. Enter the a[...]

5-13 Rev 1 5.3.5 The Calculator 5 Page (CAL 5) The CAL 5 page is used to perform two types of conver- sions: 1) Degrees Centigrade (C) to degrees Fahrenheit (F) and vice versa and 2) knots ( KT ) to miles per hour ( MPH ) and vice versa. To use the CAL 5 page: 1. Display the CAL 5 page on the left side (figure 5-42). 2. Press the left C to turn on [...]

5-14 Rev 1 5.3.6 The Calculator 6 Page (CAL 6) The CAL 6 page is used to convert any time in one time zone to the corresponding time in another time zone. A listing of available time zones is contained in section 3.2. For example, it if is presently 9:56 am Pacific Standard Time ( PST ) and you wished to determine the time in Eastern Standard Time [...]

5-15 5.3.7 The Calculator 7 Page (CAL 7) The CAL 7 page is used to display the times of sunrise and sunset for any waypoint in the published or user database. It can do this for any date you desire until December 31, 2087. Amazing you say! Yes, but it’s true! To use the CAL 7 page: 1. Select the CAL 7 page on the left side (figure 5-49). The firs[...]

5-16 Rev 1 Figure 5-55 | FARM | | | |N 42^26.91' |W 91^11.22' |APT 1 5.4 USER-DEFINED W A YPOINTS Up to 250 user-defined waypoints may be created. These waypoints may be defined as a user-defined air- port, VOR, NDB, or intersection. If the waypoint doesn’t fit into one of these categories, it may be defined as a suppl[...]

5-17 Rev 1 8 . If instead, you wish to create a waypoint at a position that you specify, position the cursor ove r USER POS ? and press E . A page with the identifier at the top and dashes at the bottom will now be di s - played (figure 5-56). The cursor will be over the dashed latitude field. The latitude and longitude of the waypoint must be ente[...]

5-18 Rev 1 Figure 5-67 | HICUP |REF: RSW  |RAD: 182.7^ |DIS: 7.0nm |N 26^24.80' |W 81^46.65' INT 5.4.2 Creating A VOR User Waypoint A user-defined VOR waypoint must contain an identifier, magnetic variation, latitude, and longitude. The mag- netic variation may be manually entered or, if one is not entered, one will auto[...]

5-19 Rev 1 2 . Use the right C and the right inner and outer knobs in the manner previously described in section 5.4.1, “Creating An Airport User Waypoint”, to select the waypoint identifier (figure 5-68). 3 . Rotate the right outer knob to position the cursor over USER POS ? and press E . A user waypoint page will appear with the identifier at[...]

5-20 Rev 1 5.4.5 Deleting User-Defined Waypoints A listing of all user-defined waypoints is contained on the Other 3 page ( OTH 3 ). See figure 5-77. The user- defined waypoints are listed by category; airports ( A ) are first, VORs ( V ) are second, NDBs ( N ) are third, inter- sections ( I ) are fourth, and Supplemental waypoints ( S ) are last. [...]

5-21 Rev 1 5.5 REFERENCE W A YPOINTS Creating a Reference Waypoint is a method of adding a waypoint to any flight plan. The Reference Waypoint lies on the great circle route between two other way- points in the flight plan. The point where the Reference Waypoint lies on the great circle route is the point where the route passes closest to a point t[...]

5-22 Rev 1 5. Press E to display the waypoint page for the way- point just entered. 6. Press E again to display the waypoint page for the newly created Reference Waypoint (figure 5-85). The waypoint that was used to create the Reference Waypoint is automatically inserted into the REF field. The radial and distance as well as the latitude and longit[...]

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Figure 5-87 DENVER MINNEAPOLIS DENVER McCOOK GOODLAND DENVER ALBUQUERQUE KANSAS CITY ALBUQUERQUE ALBUQUERQUE FT WORTH AMARILLO WICHIT A TULSA DALLAS-FT WORTH ABILENE OMAHA KANSAS CITY LUBBOCK MEMPHIS FT WORTH MINNEAPOLIS KANSAS CITY CENTER W A YPOINTS (Not For Actual Navigation) DENVER KANSAS CITY 327 ° 29.7nm GCK Garden City VOR 352 ° 29.7nm BGD[...]

5-25 Rev 1 5.6 CENTER W A YPOINTS Like Reference Waypoints, creating Center Waypoints is a method of adding waypoints to a flight plan. The word “Center” refers to air route traffic control center (ARTCC) or area control center (ACC). In some parts of the world these are referred to as “FIRs”. Center Waypoints are waypoints at locations whe[...]

5-26 Rev 1 ( PVW ) is the nearest VOR to the first Center Waypoint location, the 0 0 is appended to PV W to create PVW00 . I f PV W were later used in the creation of another Center Waypoint, the second waypoint’s identifier would be PVW01 . The second line of the CTR 2 page shows the “from” Center followed by the “to” Center. In our exam[...]

5-27 Rev 1 5.6.3 Creating Center Waypoints After Modifying A Flight Plan Once Center Waypoints have been inserted into a flight plan, they are treated like any other waypoints in the flight plan. If a flight plan containing Center Waypoints is modified in any way, you may recompute new Center Waypoints. The original Center Waypoints are now part of[...]

5-28 Rev 1 5.7 PROGRAMMING THE TURN-ON P A GE You may personalize your KLN 90B by programming information on the Turn-On page. Up to four lines, each containing 23 characters, may be entered. The charac- ters A through Z, the numbers 0 through 9, and spaces may be used. Once programmed, this information will be displayed for a few seconds each time[...]

5-29 Rev 1 5.8 THE ST A TUS P A GES There are four Status pages. The Status 1 and Status 2 pages display information pertaining specifically to the GPS receiver while the Status 3 and Status 4 pages display supplementary information pertaining to the KLN 90B. 5.8.1 Determining The Status Of The GPS Signals The Status 1 ( STA 1 ) and Status 2 ( STA [...]

5-30 Rev 1 initialization process the receiver begins the acquisition process. During this time, the visible satellites are being acquired and data from them is obtained. The transition state indicates an adequate number of satellites for navigation has been acquired and is being tracked but no position data can yet be produced. Normal navigation i[...]

5-31 5.8.2 Determining KLN 90B Software Status And Operational Time The Status 3 page (figure 5-103) displays the software revision status of the KLN 90B host computer and of the GPS receiver. A field called OBS CAL is also included on this page. This value indicates the calibration of the internal resolver circuitry of the KLN 90B. If for some rea[...]

5-32 Rev 1 5.9 MODES OF OPERA TION The KLN 90B allows you to choose how the course to the active waypoint is defined. This is done by selecting between the two course modes, LEG and OBS. The LEG mode means that the course to the active waypoint is selected by the KLN 90B, and is the default mode when the KLN 90B starts up. The other course mode, OB[...]

5-33 Rev 1 2 . Rotate the left inner knob to select the MOD page for the desired mode: MOD 1 to select Leg or MOD 2 to select OBS (figure 5-108). 3 . Pres s E (figure 5-109). The mode change is com- plete and you may return to any desired page. It is not possible to change the mode by using the MOD pages when an external switch is installed. If you[...]

5-34 Rev 1 due Westerly, and finally Southwesterly by the time you reach Manila. Of course, your trips with the KLN 90B will be substantially shorter and the desired track will probably change only a few degrees. 3 . Automatic waypoint sequencing is provided during flight plan operation. As you reach a waypoint in your flight plan, the next leg of [...]

5-35 Rev 1 must be the displayed navigation source on the external indicator. When the KLN 90B is not the displayed navigation source on the external indicator or if the KLN 90B is interfaced with an EFIS system, it is possible to change the selected course from several pages on the KLN 90B. This can be done from the NAV 3 or Mode 2 (MOD 2) pages a[...]

5-36 Rev 1 5.9.4 Switching From The Leg Mode To The OBS Mode The following mode transition occurs if the KLN 90B is in the Leg mode and the mode is changed to the OBS mode: 1 . The waypoint that was active in Leg mode prior to the mode change remains the active waypoint in OBS mode. 2 . The selected course is defined by two different meth- ods depe[...]

5-37 Rev 1 5.9.6 Going Direct-To A Waypoint While in the OBS Mode The direct-to function will select the OBS value that will take the aircraft from the present position direct to the active waypoint when the KLN 90B is interfaced to EFIS, a compatible mechanical HSI interfaced through a KA 90, or when the KLN 90B is not the displayed navi- gation s[...]

5-38 Rev 1 If it is desired to change the CDI scale factor to another value, use the following procedure: 1. Select either the MOD 1 or MOD 2 page. 2. Press the left C . If necessary, use the left outer knob to move the cursor over the value of the CDI scale (figure 5-120). 3. Rotate the left inner knob to select the desired CDI scale factor (figur[...]

5-39 5.10 THE FUEL MANA GEMENT P A GES Certain models of fuel management computers manu - factured by Shadin Company, ARNAV System, Inc, and Sheltech Ltd. may be interfaced with the KLN 90B. The primary benefit of having the KLN 90B interfaced with a “real time” fuel management computer is that the sys- tem can continuously compute the amount o[...]

5-40 Rev 1 • The fuel presently on board ( FOB ). In most installa- tions this is defined by using the fuel flow computer’s control unit. However, if the KLN 90B is interfaced with a compatible Shadin fuel flow computer, it is possible to define the fuel on board by using the KLN 90B. In these installations it is not required to have the fuel f[...]

5.10.2 The Other 6 Page (OTH 6) The OTH 6 page displays the following information (figure 5-125): • The endurance ( ENDUR ) in hours and minutes. The endurance is calculated based on the amount of fuel remaining after subtracting out the reserve ( RES ) you entered on the OTH 5 or the OTH 6 page from the present fuel on board. • The range ( RAN[...]

5-42 5.11 THE AIR D A T A P A GES The Bendix/King KAD 280 and KAD 480 air data systems as well as specific models of Shadin Company air data systems may be interfaced to the KLN 90B. When inter- faced with one of these systems, the KLN 90B will display real time air data parameters such as true airspeed (TAS), static air temperature (SAT), total ai[...]

5-43 5.11.1 The Other 9 Page (OTH 9) Without a fuel management system this becomes the OTH 5 page. The following information is displayed (figure 5-130): TAS True airspeed (the true speed of an aircraft through the surrounding air mass) MACH Mach number (the ratio of the true airspeed to the speed of sound at a particular flight condition). If a co[...]

5-44 5.12 OPER A TION OUTSIDE THE PRIMA R Y C O VER A GE AREA The KLN 90B’s primary coverage area is from N 74 ° to S 60 ° latitude as was shown in figure 3-1. All navigation data presented outside this area is automatically refer- enced to true North unless a manual input of magnetic variation is made on the SET 2 page. The same is true anytim[...]

5-45 The active flight plan is the only flight plan available when there is no database cartridge. There is no way to gain access to flight plans one through 25. Functions not requiring the published database are operative. Some functions, such as nearest airport, nearest VOR, nearest NDB, Reference Waypoint, and trip planning, are operational but [...]

5-46 5.14 USING THE T AKE-HOME MODE It is very likely that the KLN 90B will become your “best friend” in the cockpit. As with any good friend, you may need some time to get well-acquainted. This will allow you to utilize it to the maximum extent. A great way to get to know the KLN 90B is to use it outside the airplane, using what we call the ?[...]

6-1 This is the last chapter on the operation of the KLN 90B. In this chapter you will learn how to use the KLN 90B for non-precision approaches as well as SID/STAR proc e - dures. All of these procedures require that you are com- fortable with the operation of the unit as presented up to this point. In particular, you need to be comfortable with f[...]

6-2 Rev 1 17 35 14 32 MAP FA F IAF ARP Approac h Arm CDI Scale Factor ± 1.0 nm CDI Scale Factor ± 5.0 nm CDI Scale Factor constant at ± 0.3 nm CDI Scale Factor changing fr om ± 1.0 nm to ± 0.3 nm 70 ° 30 nm 2 nm T ransition to appr oach A CTV if: - LEG mode is selected - Integrity chec ks OK - Aircraft heading towar ds the F AF - F AF or co-l[...]

6-3 General Procedure for Non-Precision Approaches Non-precision approaches will all have the general flow of events as follows. Refer to figure 6-1. 1 . Select and load the approach into the flight plan. This can be done at almost any time but must be co m - pleted before reaching the Final Approach Fix and should be done as soon as possible. This[...]

6-4 6.1.1 Selecting An Approach The first item in the list from the previous section is to select and load the approach into the active flight plan. Approaches are selected from the APT 8 (or ACT 8) page of the airport for which you desire to shoot the approach. If you are operating from a flight plan, the easiest way to get to the approach informa[...]

6-5 8. The KLN 90B will then bring up the FPL 0 page and put the sequence of approach waypoints in front of the airport reference point (figure 6-8). NOTE: At any time during the process of selecting an approach you can easily return to the previous step by pressing the @ button. The waypoints that make up the approach procedure are loaded into the[...]

6-6 Fxyyy • F stands for Final Approach Fix Ixyyy • I stands for Intermediate Fix Cxyyy • C stands for Course Fix Mxyyy • M stands for Missed Approach Point RWzzz • RW stands for Runway Fix. This is usually the MAP for the approach • zzz will be a runway number possibly including L for Left, R for Right, C for Center, or B for Both. Daa[...]

6-7 m - The Missed Approach Point (MAP) of the approach h - The missed approach holding point for the approach Every approach will have a FAF and a MAP. Almost all will have an IAF and missed approach holding point. Another item that you should notice in the flight plan is the line that has *NO WPT SEQ on it (figure 6-9). This is what is referred t[...]

6-8 6.1.4 Example Approach: No Procedure Turn Now that you know the basics of inserting an approach into the flight plan, we can now show the approach opera- tion of the unit by several examples. This first example will use the approach that was loaded into the flight plan in section 6.1.1. This ex ample will show how the KLN 90B sequences through [...]

6-9 90B will provide a message telling you to set the external indicator (CDI or HSI) to a new value. If desired track (DTK) is shown on the screen, this value will flash when the external selected course does not match the DTK within 10°. NOTE: If the KLN 90B is interfaced to EFIS or a suitable mechanical HSI through the optional KA 90 adapter, t[...]

6-10 6.1.5 Example Approach: Off-Airport Navaid An approach that is quite common is an approach that is based off of an off-airport navaid. An example of this is the VOR RWY 22 approach to Clovis New Mexico Municipal airport, KCVN. To fly this procedure as pub- lished use the following steps and refer to figure 6-17 for the procedure. For this exam[...]

6-11 4. If a course reversal is required, then upon reaching TXO perform the appropriate holding pattern entry and set the inbound course on the external CDI or HSI. In this example the inbound course is 241°. At this point the KLN 90B works very similar to a conventional VOR/DME. 5. Once established on the inbound course of 241°, switch back to [...]

6-12 6.1.6 Example Approach: Radar Vectors For this example we will use the same approach that was used in the previous section except this approach will be conducted with the help of radar vectors from approach control. The aircraft will be assumed to be arriving from the West, although this does not change the way the approach will be flown using[...]

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6-14 6.1.7 Example Approach: On-Airport Navaid Another common type of approach is an approach that is based on an on-airport navaid. These could be either VOR or NDB approaches. An example of this type of approach is the VOR RWY 24 approach to Bowman airport in Louisville, Kentucky (Figure 6-21). The airport identifier for this airport is KLOU. For[...]

6-15 6. When the aircraft is 2 NM from the FAF, the KLN 90B will verify that the proper GPS integrity is available. If integrity monitoring is available for the approach, then the KLN 90B will change to the Approach Active mode. This will be annunciated on the external approach status annunciator as well as on the KLN 90B. The CDI scale factor will[...]

6-16 6.1.8 Example Approach: DME Arc DME arc procedures with the KLN 90B are completely different from using traditional VOR and DME equipment. Don’t worry though because DME arc procedures using the KLN 90B are also easier than using traditional equip- ment. This is because the KLN 90B provides left/right guidance around the arc. No more having [...]

6-17 solely on the present radial and the defined arc dis- tance from the reference VOR. For this reason it is better to delay selecting approaches that contain DME arcs until the aircraft is closer to the destination. 4. With the cursor over LOAD IN FPL , press E . The approach will be loaded into the active flight plan just like any other approac[...]

6-18 NOTE: If the present track does not intercept the arc, then the KLN 90B will display NO INTRCPT in the scratch pad area of the screen. 8 . When the aircraft approaches the arc the KLN 90B will provide waypoint alerting and turn anticipation to join the arc. 9 . Once established on the arc the KLN 90B provides left/right guidance relative to th[...]

6-19 14. The visual descent point is identified by the along track distance to the MAP to be 1.5 NM. When the air- craft reaches this point (figure 6-28), and the runway envi- ronment is in sight, it is possible to descend for a landing. If a missed approach is needed use the following steps: 15. The missed approach calls for a climb to 2000 and th[...]

6-20 The destination waypoint will, by default, be the missed approach point of an approach loaded in the flight plan. If there is no approach in the flight plan, then the default waypoint is the last waypoint in the active flight plan. Of course it is possible for you to enter any waypoint in this field. The time used for the RAIM prediction will [...]

6-21 6.2 SID/ST AR PROCEDURES The database in the KLN 90B also contains the pilot NAV SIDs (Standard Instrument Departures) and STARs (Standard Terminal Arrival Routes) for the primary database coverage area (see Chapter 2 for database coverage areas). SID/STAR procedures stored in the database can only be considered accurate as long as the databas[...]

6-22 1 . Select KSFO on one of the airport pages (figure 6-32). If you are operating from an active flight plan you can use the ACT 7 page for KSFO by scanning through the active flight plan (see section 4.2.3). 2 . If not already displayed, rotate the right inner knob until the APT 7 page appears as in figure 6-33. This will allow the selection of[...]

6-23 3. Turn the right cursor on by pressing the right C , and, if necessary, rotate the right outer knob until the flashing cursor is over the desired STAR. With the cursor over AQN4 (figure 6-40), press E . 4. The KLN 90B will now ask which transition you want to use. For this example select INK (figure 6-41) and press E . 5. In some cases, the S[...]

6-24 3. Use the left inner and outer knobs in the normal manner to define the desired waypoint. 4. Press E to display the waypoint page for this identifier. If the waypoint is correct, then press E a sec- ond time to confirm the waypoint page. The new waypoint is added to the waypoints that make up the SID or STAR procedure. To delete an individual[...]

6-25 6.2.4 Example of a SID Procedure To illustrate the use of the KLN 90B with a SID, the Porte Nine departure loaded into the flight plan i n section 6.2.1 will be used. This procedure is one of the more difficult that you are likely to come across. Most procedures are not this difficult, but this SID serves as a good example for what steps to ta[...]

6-26 6.2.5 Example of a STAR Procedure To illustrate the use of the KLN 90B with STAR procedures the steps required to fly Acton Four arrival to Dallas/Fort Worth International will be shown in this sec- tion. This procedure is considerably simpler than the SID example shown in section 6.2.4. For this example assume that the aircraft departs from E[...]

Rev 1 A-1 BRG - Bearing to waypoint (degrees) DA - Drift Angle (degrees) - not displayed on KLN 90B DIS - Distance to waypoint (nm) DTK - Desired Track (degrees) OBS - Selected Course GS - Groundspeed (nm/hr) HDG - Heading (degrees) POS - Present position TK - Actual Track (degrees) WPT - Waypoint XTK - Cross Track Error Correction (nm) displayed a[...]

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Rev 1 B-1 The following is a list of the messages that can appear on the Message page. When the message prompt appears, press MSG to view the message page. See section 3.5 for an explanation of the Message page. ACTV ANNUNCIATOR FAIL - This message appears when there is a failure of the KLN 90B ACTV annuncia- tor drive circuitry. To determine if th[...]

Rev 1 B-2 BATTERY LOW: SERVICE REQUIRED TO PREVENT LOSS OF USER DATA - This message appears when the KLN 90B’s internal battery is low and needs replac- ing at an authorized Bendix/King service center. The battery should be replaced within a week to prevent the loss of all user-defined data including waypoints, airport remarks, flight plans, etc.[...]

RAIM NOT AVAILABLE APR MODE INHIBITED PREDICT RAIM ON STA 5 - This message appears when integrity monitoring (RAIM) is predicted to not be available at either the FAF or the MAP. The KLN 90B will not allow the unit to go into the approach active mode until conditions improve. Turn to the STA 5 (Status 5) page to perform a RAIM prediction. The STA 5[...]

RS-232 OUTPUT ERROR - This message appears when the RS 232 output fails an internal test. Anything connected to the RS 232 output bus, such as some moving map displays and ELTs (for position reporting), will not be fully functional. Do not use moving map dis- plays that depend on the KLN 90B’s RS 232 output if this message is displayed. SATELLITE[...]

Rev 1 C-1 Status line messages are short operational messages that are displayed in the lower center segment of the screen. (See section 3.3 and figure 3-37). The follow- ing are the status line messages that may appear. ACTIVE WPT - (Active Waypoint) Appears when you try to delete a user-defined waypoint on the OTH 3 page if the waypoint is the ac[...]

Rev 1 C-2 NO INTRCEPT - (No Intercept) Appears when an attempt is made to recalculate the intercept point on a DME arc and the actual track does not intercept with the arc. Change the track (heading) of the aircraft so that the actual track does intercept the DME arc and try again. NO NDB WPTS - (No NDB Waypoints) Appears when the NDB type pages ha[...]

Rev 1 D-1 STATE ABBREVIATIONS ABBREVIATION STATE AK Alaska AL Alabama AR Arkansas AZ Arizona CA California CO Colorado CT Connecticut DC District of Columbia DE Delaware FL Florida GA Georgia IA Iowa ID Idaho IL Illinois IN Indiana KS Kansas KY Kentucky LA Louisiana MA Massachusetts MD Maryland ME Maine MI Michigan MN Minnesota MO Missouri MS Missi[...]

Rev 1 D-2 CMR Cameroon CNR Canary Islands COG Congo COK Cook Islands COL Colombia/San Andres CRI Costa Rica CRO Croatia CSK Czechoslovakia CUB Cuba CYM Cayman Islands CYP Cypress DEU Germany DJI Djibouti DMA Dominica DNK Denmark DOM Dominican Republic DZA Algeria ECU Ecuador EGY Egypt ERI Eritrea ESP Spain ETH Ethiopia FIN Finland FJI Fiji/Tonga FL[...]

Rev 1 D-3 PYF French Polynesia/ Society I./Tuamotu QAT Qatar ROM Romania RWA Rwanda SAU Saudi Arabia SDN Sudan SEN Senegal SGP Singapore SHN Ascension Island/St. Helena SLB Solomon Islands SLE Sierra Leone SLO Slovenia SLV El Salvador SOM Somalia SPM St. Pierre/Miquelon STP Sao Tome/Principe SUR Suriname SVK Slovakia SWE Sweden SWZ Swaziland SYC Se[...]

Rev 1 D-4 BRL Berlin BRN Barnaul BRR Barranquilla BRS Brasilia BRT Beirut BRU Brussels BRV Bratislava BRY Beryozovo BRZ Brazzaville BSK Bratsk BST Brest BUC Bucharest BUD Budapest BUJ Bujumbura CAI Cairo CAL Calcutta CAM Campo Grande CAM Central America CAN Canaries CAP Capetown CAS Casablanca CHA Chaybukha CHE Chelyabinsk CHI Chicago CHO Chokurdak[...]

Rev 1 D-5 LUS Lusaka LVO Lvov MAD Madrid MAG Magadan MAI Maiquetia MAL Male MAN Manila MAR Marseille MAU Mauritius MAZ Mazatlan MAZ Mazatlan Oceanic MDR Madras MEL Melbourne MEM Memphis MEN Mendoza MER Merida MEX Mexico MGD Magdagachi MIA Miami MIA Miami Oceanic MIL Milan MIN Minneapolis MIR Mirny MLM Malmo MLT Malta MNC Monction Northern MNC Monct[...]

Rev 1 D-6 SUR Surgut SWI Switzerland SYD Sydney SYK Syktyvkar SYM Seymchan TAE Taegu TAH Tahiti Oceanic TAI Taipei TAL Tallinn TAM Tampere TAS Tashkent TAZ Tashavz TBI Tbilisi TEH Tehran TEL Tel Aviv TIK Tiksi TIL Tilichiki TIR Tirana TOK Tokyo TOR Toronto TRI Tripoli TRO Trondheim TUN Tunis TUR Turukhansk TYU Tyumen UFA Ufa UJU Ujung Bandang ULA U[...]

Rev 1 D-7 DEST Destination DEV Deviation (on external course devation indicator) DIR Director (freq) DIS Distance DNGR Danger area DTK Desired track DUP Duplicate E East EDT Eastern Daylight Time ELE Elevation ELEV Elevation ELV Airport elevation ENDUR Endurance ENG Engine ENR En route ENT Enter ESA Minimum en route safe altitude EST Eastern Standa[...]

V VNAV status (on Super NAV 5) V VOR approach overlay procedure V VOR waypoint VERT Vertical VNV Vertical navigation (VNAV) W Weak W West WARN Warning area WPT Waypoint WRN Warn XTK Cross track error correction Z Zulu time Rev 1 D-8 R RNAV overlay approach procedure (R) Radar environment to approach & departure RAD Radial RAIM Receiver Autonomo[...]

Rev 1 E-1 The KLN 90B utilizes latitude and longitude expressed in degrees, minutes, and hundredths of a minute. You may occasionally see a document expressing latitude and longitude in degrees, minutes, and seconds. You may use this table to convert seconds to hundredths of a minute. HUNDREDTHS OF SECONDS A MINUTE 00 .00 01 .02 02 .03 03 .05 04 .0[...]

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Rev 1 I-1 A Abbreviations Airport names 3-26, 3-42 ARTCC/FIR D-3 Canadian province D-1 Country D-1 Other KLN 90B D-6 State D-1 ACT page (active flight plan waypoints) 4-10 Actual track 3-32, 3-34, A-1 Air data pages 5-42 Airport City 3-43 Communication frequencies 3-45 Elevation 3-43 Instrument approach capability 3-43 Name 3-42 Nearest 3-22, 3-37,[...]

Rev 1 I-2 Database 2-1 Navigation 3-1 Cross track error 3-32, A-1 CTA 3-39, 3-42 CTR 1 page (Center 1) 5-25 CTR 2 page (Center 2) 5-25 Cursor 3-11 Customs 3-48 D Database Cartridge 2-3, 2-7 Contents 2-1 Coverage areas 2-1 Currency requirement for approach use 6-1 Functions 2-1 Operation without cartridge 5-44 Page 3-7 Update service options 2-8 Upd[...]

Rev 1 I-3 I -i (initial approach fix identifier suffix) 6-7 IAF (initial approach fix) 6-2 Selecting 6-4, 6-16 ICAO identifiers 2-3 Initialization 3-17 INT page (Intersection page) 3-50 Integrity monitoring, see RAIM Intercept DME arc 6-16, 6-17 Moving the intercept point 6-17 Interfaces 1-1 Intermediate fix 6-6 Intersections 3-50 Intersection user[...]

Rev 1 I-4 R RAIM (receiver autonomous integrity monitoring) 6-3, 6- 14, 6-15, 6-18 Prediction 6-19, 6-20 Radar vectors 6-12, 6-17 Receiver status 5-29 REF page (Reference waypoint) 5-21 Reference waypoints 5-21 Removing KLN 90B 2-7 Runway fix 6-6 Runway information 3-43 S Sample trips 3-60, 4-15 Satellite status 5-29 Scanning active waypoints 3-37,[...]

V VNAV (vertical navigation) 3-36, 5-7 Vectors 6-12, 6-17 VOR(s) page 3-49 user waypoint 5-18 nearest 3-22, 3-37 on map display 3-37 W Waypoint alerting 3-29, 4-8 Waypoint scanning window 3-37, 6-17 Waypoints Active 3-31 “Center” 5-25 Duplicate 3-15 Identifiers 2-3 Nearest 3-22 Reference 5-21 Selecting by identifier 3-20 Selecting by name or ci[...]

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