Français dropdown-ico

Asrock G41M-VS2 manuel d'utilisation

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

Aller à la page of

Les manuels d’utilisation similaires

Un bon manuel d’utilisation

Les règles imposent au revendeur l'obligation de fournir à l'acheteur, avec des marchandises, le manuel d’utilisation Asrock G41M-VS2. Le manque du manuel d’utilisation ou les informations incorrectes fournies au consommateur sont à la base d'une plainte pour non-conformité du dispositif avec le contrat. Conformément à la loi, l’inclusion du manuel d’utilisation sous une forme autre que le papier est autorisée, ce qui est souvent utilisé récemment, en incluant la forme graphique ou électronique du manuel Asrock G41M-VS2 ou les vidéos d'instruction pour les utilisateurs. La condition est son caractère lisible et compréhensible.

Qu'est ce que le manuel d’utilisation?

Le mot vient du latin "Instructio", à savoir organiser. Ainsi, le manuel d’utilisation Asrock G41M-VS2 décrit les étapes de la procédure. Le but du manuel d’utilisation est d’instruire, de faciliter le démarrage, l'utilisation de l'équipement ou l'exécution des actions spécifiques. Le manuel d’utilisation est une collection d'informations sur l'objet/service, une indice.

Malheureusement, peu d'utilisateurs prennent le temps de lire le manuel d’utilisation, et un bon manuel permet non seulement d’apprendre à connaître un certain nombre de fonctionnalités supplémentaires du dispositif acheté, mais aussi éviter la majorité des défaillances.

Donc, ce qui devrait contenir le manuel parfait?

Tout d'abord, le manuel d’utilisation Asrock G41M-VS2 devrait contenir:
- informations sur les caractéristiques techniques du dispositif Asrock G41M-VS2
- nom du fabricant et année de fabrication Asrock G41M-VS2
- instructions d'utilisation, de réglage et d’entretien de l'équipement Asrock G41M-VS2
- signes de sécurité et attestations confirmant la conformité avec les normes pertinentes

Pourquoi nous ne lisons pas les manuels d’utilisation?

Habituellement, cela est dû au manque de temps et de certitude quant à la fonctionnalité spécifique de l'équipement acheté. Malheureusement, la connexion et le démarrage Asrock G41M-VS2 ne suffisent pas. Le manuel d’utilisation contient un certain nombre de lignes directrices concernant les fonctionnalités spécifiques, la sécurité, les méthodes d'entretien (même les moyens qui doivent être utilisés), les défauts possibles Asrock G41M-VS2 et les moyens de résoudre des problèmes communs lors de l'utilisation. Enfin, le manuel contient les coordonnées du service Asrock en l'absence de l'efficacité des solutions proposées. Actuellement, les manuels d’utilisation sous la forme d'animations intéressantes et de vidéos pédagogiques qui sont meilleurs que la brochure, sont très populaires. Ce type de manuel permet à l'utilisateur de voir toute la vidéo d'instruction sans sauter les spécifications et les descriptions techniques compliquées Asrock G41M-VS2, comme c’est le cas pour la version papier.

Pourquoi lire le manuel d’utilisation?

Tout d'abord, il contient la réponse sur la structure, les possibilités du dispositif Asrock G41M-VS2, l'utilisation de divers accessoires et une gamme d'informations pour profiter pleinement de toutes les fonctionnalités et commodités.

Après un achat réussi de l’équipement/dispositif, prenez un moment pour vous familiariser avec toutes les parties du manuel d'utilisation Asrock G41M-VS2. À l'heure actuelle, ils sont soigneusement préparés et traduits pour qu'ils soient non seulement compréhensibles pour les utilisateurs, mais pour qu’ils remplissent leur fonction de base de l'information et d’aide.

Table des matières du manuel d’utilisation

  • Page 1

    1 1 1 1 1 G41M-VS2 User Ma nual V ersion 1.0 Published September 2009 Copyright©2009 ASRock INC. All rights reserved.[...]

  • Page 2

    2 2 2 2 2 Copyright Notice: Copyright Notice: Copyright Notice: Copyright Notice: Copyright Notice: No part of this manual may be reproduced, transcribed, transmitted, or translated in any language, in any form or by any means, except duplication of documentation by the purcha ser for ba ckup purpose, without written consent of ASRock Inc. Products[...]

  • Page 3

    3 3 3 3 3 Contents Contents Contents Contents Contents 1 Introduction 1 Introduction 1 Introduction 1 Introduction 1 Introduction ................................................... ................................................... ................................................... ................................................... ............[...]

  • Page 4

    4 4 4 4 4 4 Software Support 4 Software Support 4 Software Support 4 Software Support 4 Software Support ........................................... ........................................... ........................................... ........................................... ........................................... 50 50 50 50 50 4.1 Instal[...]

  • Page 5

    5 5 5 5 5 Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 1 Introduction Tha nk you for purcha sing ASRock G41M-VS2 motherboard, a relia ble motherboard produced under ASRock’s consistently stringent quality control. It delivers excellent performa nce with robust design conforming to ASRock’s [...]

  • Page 6

    6 6 6 6 6 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 Specifications Specifications Specifications Specifications Specifications Platform - Micro A TX Form Fa ctor: 8.8-in x 6.7-in, 22.4 cm x 17.0 cm CPU - LGA 775 for Intel ® Core TM 2 Extreme / Core TM 2 Quad / Core TM 2 Duo / Pentium ® Dual Core / Celeron ® Dual Core / Celeron ® , supporting Penryn Quad Core Y orkfi[...]

  • Page 7

    7 7 7 7 7 Connector - 2 x SA T AII 3.0 Gb/s connectors (No Support f or RAID and “Hot Plug” functions) (see CAUTION 6 ) - 1 x A T A100 IDE connector (supports 2 x IDE devices) - 1 x Print port header - CPU/Cha ssis FAN connector - 24 pin A TX power connector - 4 pin 12V power connector - Front panel audio connector - 2 x USB 2.0 headers (suppor[...]

  • Page 8

    8 8 8 8 8 CAUTION! 1. About the setting of “Hyper Thre ading T echnology”, plea se check page 36. 2. This motherboard supports U ntied Overclocking T e chnology. Ple a se read “U ntied Overclocking T echnology” on page 24 for details. 3. This motherboard supports Dual Cha nnel Me mory T echnology . Before you imple ment Dual Cha nnel Memory[...]

  • Page 9

    9 9 9 9 9 10. ASRock Insta nt Fla sh is a BIOS fla sh utility embedded in Fla sh ROM. This convenient BIOS update tool allows you to update system BIOS without entering operating systems first like MS-DOS or Windows ® . With this utility, you can press <F6> key during the POST or press <F2> key to BIOS setup menu to a ccess ASRock Inst[...]

  • Page 10

    10 10 10 10 10 1.3 Motherboard Layout 1.3 Motherboard Layout 1.3 Motherboard Layout 1.3 Motherboard Layout 1.3 Motherboard Layout 1 PS2_USB_PWR1 IDE1 CHA_FAN1 SPEAKER1 1 HD_AUDIO1 Intel G41 Chipset CLRCMOS1 PANEL1 HDLED RESET PLED PWRBTN 1 8Mb BIOS 1 AUDIO CODEC 17.0cm (6.7 in) 22.4cm (8.8 in) ATX12V2 Super IO 1 24 5 7 6 8 9 10 12 13 14 11 15 16 17[...]

  • Page 11

    11 11 11 11 11 1.4 I/O P 1.4 I/O P 1.4 I/O P 1.4 I/O P 1.4 I/O P anel anel anel anel anel 1 PS/2 Mouse Port (Green) 6 Microphone (Pink) 2 USB 2.0 Ports (USB23) 7 USB 2.0 Ports (USB01) 3 RJ-45 Port 8 V GA Port 4 Line In (Light Blue) 9 COM Port 5 Line Out (Lime) 1 0 PS/2 Keyboard Port (Purple) * T o enable Multi-Stre a ming function, you need to conn[...]

  • Page 12

    12 12 12 12 12 Chapter 2 Installation Chapter 2 Installation Chapter 2 Installation Chapter 2 Installation Chapter 2 Installation G41M-VS2 is a Micro A TX form fa ctor (8.8" x 6.7", 22.4 x 17.0 cm) motherboard. Before you install the motherboard, study the conf iguration of your cha ssis to en- sure that the motherboard fits into it. Make[...]

  • Page 13

    13 13 13 13 13 Lift Lever Up to 90° CPU Marked Corner Socket Marked Corner 2.3 CPU Installation 2.3 CPU Installation 2.3 CPU Installation 2.3 CPU Installation 2.3 CPU Installation For the installation of Intel 775-LAND CPU, plea se follow the steps below . Before you in sert the 775-LAND CPU into the socket, ple a se check if the CPU surface is un[...]

  • Page 14

    14 14 14 14 14 For proper inserting, ple a se ensure to match the two orientation key notches of the CPU with the two alignment keys of the socket. Step 2-3. Carefully pla ce the CPU into the socket by using a purely vertical motion. Step 2-4. V erify that the CPU is within the socket and properly mated to the orient keys. Step 3. Re move PnP Ca p [...]

  • Page 15

    15 15 15 15 15 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 Installation of CPU Fan and Heatsink Installation of CPU Fan and Heatsink Installation of CPU Fan and Heatsink Installation of CPU Fan and Heatsink Installation of CPU Fan and Heatsink This motherboard is equipped with 775-Pin socket that supports Intel 775-LAND CPU. Plea se adopt the type of heatsink a nd cooling[...]

  • Page 16

    16 16 16 16 16 2.5 Installation of Memory Modules (DIMM) 2.5 Installation of Memory Modules (DIMM) 2.5 Installation of Memory Modules (DIMM) 2.5 Installation of Memory Modules (DIMM) 2.5 Installation of Memory Modules (DIMM) G41M-VS2 motherboard provides two 240-pin D DR2 (Double Data Rate 2) DIMM slots, a nd supports Dual Cha nnel Memory T echnolo[...]

  • Page 17

    17 17 17 17 17 2.6 Expansion Slots (PCI and PCI Express Slots) 2.6 Expansion Slots (PCI and PCI Express Slots) 2.6 Expansion Slots (PCI and PCI Express Slots) 2.6 Expansion Slots (PCI and PCI Express Slots) 2.6 Expansion Slots (PCI and PCI Express Slots) There are 1 PCI slot a nd 1 PCI Express slot on this motherboard. PCI slot: PCI slot is used to[...]

  • Page 18

    18 18 18 18 18 2.7 Jumpers Setup 2.7 Jumpers Setup 2.7 Jumpers Setup 2.7 Jumpers Setup 2.7 Jumpers Setup The illustration shows how jumpers are setup. When the jumper ca p is pla ced on pins, the jumper is “Short”. If no jumper ca p is pla ced on pins, the jumper is “Open”. The illustration shows a 3-pin jumper whose pin1 an d pin2 are “S[...]

  • Page 19

    19 19 19 19 19 2.8 Onboard Headers and Connectors 2.8 Onboard Headers and Connectors 2.8 Onboard Headers and Connectors 2.8 Onboard Headers and Connectors 2.8 Onboard Headers and Connectors Onboard headers and connectors are NOT jumpers. Do NOT place jumper ca ps over these hea ders a nd connectors. Placing jumper ca ps over the headers a nd connec[...]

  • Page 20

    20 20 20 20 20 1. High Definition Audio supports Jack Sensing, but the panel wire on the cha ssis must support HDA to function correctly . Plea se follow the instruction in our ma nual a nd cha ssis manual to in stall your system. 2. If you use AC’97 audio panel, ple a se install it to the front panel audio header a s below: A. Connect Mic_IN (MI[...]

  • Page 21

    21 21 21 21 21 For Windows ® XP / XP 64-bit OS: Click “Audio I/O”, select “Connector Settings” , choose “Disable front panel jack detection”, and save the change by clicking “OK”. For Windows ® Vista TM / Vista TM 64-bit OS: Click the right-top “Folder” icon , choose “Disable front panel jack detection”, and save the chang[...]

  • Page 22

    22 22 22 22 22 20-Pin A TX Power Supply Installation A TX 12V Connector Pl ea se note that it is necessary (4-pin ATX12V2) to connect a power supply with (see p.10 No. 2) A TX 12V plug to this connector so that it can provides sufficient power. Failing to do so will cause the failure to power up. A TX Power Connector Plea se connect an A TX power ([...]

  • Page 23

    23 23 23 23 23 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 SA SA SA SA SA T T T T T AII Hard Disk Setup Guide AII Hard Disk Setup Guide AII Hard Disk Setup Guide AII Hard Disk Setup Guide AII Hard Disk Setup Guide Before in stalling SA T AII hard disk to your computer , plea se carefully read below SA T AII hard disk setup guide. Some default setting of SA T AII hard disk[...]

  • Page 24

    24 24 24 24 24 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 Serial A Serial A Serial A Serial A Serial A T T T T T A (SA A (SA A (SA A (SA A (SA T T T T T A) / Serial A A) / Serial A A) / Serial A A) / Serial A A) / Serial A T T T T T AII (SA AII (SA AII (SA AII (SA AII (SA T T T T T AII) Hard Disks AII) Hard Disks AII) Hard Disks AII) Hard Disks AII) Hard Disks Insta[...]

  • Page 25

    25 25 25 25 25 Chapter 3: BIOS SETUP UTILITY Chapter 3: BIOS SETUP UTILITY Chapter 3: BIOS SETUP UTILITY Chapter 3: BIOS SETUP UTILITY Chapter 3: BIOS SETUP UTILITY 3.1 Introduction 3.1 Introduction 3.1 Introduction 3.1 Introduction 3.1 Introduction This section explains how to use the BIOS SETUP UTILITY to configure your system. The SPI Memory on [...]

  • Page 26

    26 26 26 26 26 3.1.2 3.1.2 3.1.2 3.1.2 3.1.2 Navigation Keys Navigation Keys Navigation Keys Navigation Keys Navigation Keys Plea se check the following table f or the function descri ption of ea ch navigation key. Navigation Key(s) Function Description / Moves cursor left or right to select Screens / Moves cursor up or down to select items + / - T[...]

  • Page 27

    27 27 27 27 27 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 OC T OC T OC T OC T OC T weak weak weak weak weak er Screen er Screen er Screen er Screen er Screen In the OC T weaker screen, you ca n set up overclocking features. BIOS SETUP UTILITY Main Advanced H/W Monitor Boot Security Exit Select Screen Select Item Enter Go to Sub Screen F1 General Help F9 Load Defaults F10[...]

  • Page 28

    28 28 28 28 28 BIOS SETUP UTILITY Select Screen Select Item +- Change Option F1 General Help F9 Load Defaults F10 Save and Exit ESC Exit v02.54 (C) Copyright 1985-2005, American Megatrends, Inc. OC Tweaker Select Screen Select Item +- Change Option F1 General Help F9 Load Defaults F10 Save and Exit ESC Exit DRAM tRCD DRAM tRP DRAM tRAS DRAM tRFC DR[...]

  • Page 29

    29 29 29 29 29 DRAM CH0 RCOMP ODT This controls the number of DRAM CH0 RCOMP ODT . Min: 1. Max: 63. The default value is [Auto]. DRAM CH1 RCOMP ODT This controls the number of DRAM CH1 RCOMP ODT . Min: 1. Max: 63. The default value is [Auto]. DRAM CH0 tRD This controls the number of DRAM CH0 TRD. Min: 0. Max: 30. The default value is [Auto]. DRAM C[...]

  • Page 30

    30 30 30 30 30 BIOS SETUP UTILITY DRAM RCOMP STRENGTH Settings Select Screen Select Item +- Change Option F1 General Help F9 Load Defaults F10 Save and Exit ESC Exit v02.54 (C) Copyright 1985-2005, American Megatrends, Inc. OC Tweaker Select Screen Select Item +- Change Option F1 General Help F9 Load Defaults F10 Save and Exit ESC Exit DRAM CH0 G0 [...]

  • Page 31

    31 31 31 31 31 DRAM CH1 G3 (Control2) This controls the number of DRAM CH1 G3 (Control2). Min: 1. M ax: 15. The default value is [Auto]. DRAM CH1 G4 (Clocks1) This controls the number of DRAM CH1 G4 (Clocks1). Min: 1. Max: 15. The default value is [Auto]. DRAM CH1 G5 (Clocks2) This controls the number of DRAM CH1 G5 (Clocks2). Min: 1. Max: 15. The [...]

  • Page 32

    32 32 32 32 32 BIOS SETUP UTILITY DRAM DLL SKEW Settings Select Screen Select Item +- Change Option F1 General Help F9 Load Defaults F10 Save and Exit ESC Exit v02.54 (C) Copyright 1985-2005, American Megatrends, Inc. OC Tweaker Select Screen Select Item +- Change Option F1 General Help F9 Load Defaults F10 Save and Exit ESC Exit DRAM CH0 CLKSET0 S[...]

  • Page 33

    33 33 33 33 33 DRAM CH1 CMD SKEW This controls the number of DRAM CH1 CMD SKEW . Configuration options: [Auto], [Normal], [-350 ps] to [-50 ps]. The default value is [Auto]. DRAM CH1 CTRL0 SKEW This controls the number of DRAM CH1 CTRL0 SKEW . Configuration options: [Auto], [Normal], [-350 ps] to [-50 ps]. The default value is [Auto]. DRAM CH1 CTRL[...]

  • Page 34

    34 34 34 34 34 DRAM V oltage Use this to select DRAM V oltage. Configuration options: [Auto], [1.794V] to [2.201V]. The default value of this feature is [Auto]. NB V oltage Use this to select NB V oltage. Configuration options: [Auto], [1.05V], [1.1 1V], [1.23V] a nd [1.30V]. The default value of this feature is [Auto]. VTT V oltage Use this to sel[...]

  • Page 35

    35 35 35 35 35 Setting wrong values in this section may cause the system to malfunction. BIOS SETUP UTILITY Main OC T weaker H/W Monitor Boot Security Exit Select Screen Select Item Enter Go to Sub Screen F1 General Help F9 Load Defaults F10 Save and Exit ESC Exit v02.54 (C) Copyright 1985-2005, American Megatrends, Inc. Advanced Advanced Settings [...]

  • Page 36

    36 36 36 36 36 BIOS SETUP UTILITY CPU Configuration This should be enabled in order to enable or disable the “Enhanced Halt State”. Select Screen Select Item +- Change Option F1 General Help F9 Load Defaults F10 Save and Exit ESC Exit v02.54 (C) Copyright 1985-2005, American Megatrends, Inc. Advanced Enhanced Halt State [Disabled] Select Screen[...]

  • Page 37

    37 37 37 37 37 Intel (R) SpeedStep(tm) tech. Intel (R) SpeedStep(tm) tech. is Intel’s new power saving technology. Processor can switch between multiple frequency and voltage points to enable power savings. The default value is [Auto]. Configuration options: [Auto], [Enabled] and [Disabled]. If you install Windows ® XP and select [Auto], you nee[...]

  • Page 38

    38 38 38 38 38 3.4.2 3.4.2 3.4.2 3.4.2 3.4.2 Chipset Configuration Chipset Configuration Chipset Configuration Chipset Configuration Chipset Configuration BIOS SETUP UTILITY v02.54 (C) Copyright 1985-2005, American Megatrends, Inc. Chipset Settings Memory Remap Feature Fixed Mode Operation Primary Graphics Adapter Shared Memory P A VP Mode DVMT Mod[...]

  • Page 39

    39 39 39 39 39 D VMT/FIXED Memory Y ou are allowed to adjust the shared memory size in this item if you set D VMT Mode Sele ct a s [D VMT Mode]. Conf iguration options: [128MB], [256MB] a nd [Maximum D VMT]. The option [Maxi mum D VMT] only a ppears when you adopt the memory module with 1024MB or above. Onboard HD Audio Select [Auto], [Ena bled] or[...]

  • Page 40

    40 40 40 40 40 BIOS SETUP UTILITY ACPI Configuration Select auto-detect or disable the STR feature. Select Screen Select Item +- Change Option F1 General Help F9 Load Defaults F10 Save and Exit ESC Exit v02.54 (C) Copyright 1985-2005, American Megatrends, Inc. Advanced Suspend T o RAM Restore on AC/Power Loss Ring-In Power On PCI Devices Power On P[...]

  • Page 41

    41 41 41 41 41 BIOS SETUP UTILITY Storage Configuration Set [Compatible] when Legacy OS (MS-DOS, Win NT) device is used. Set [Enhanced] when Native OS (Win2000 / XP) is used. v02.54 (C) Copyright 1985-2005, American Megatrends, Inc. Advanced A T A/IDE Configuration [Enhanced] Select Screen Select Item +- Change Option F1 General Help F9 Load Defaul[...]

  • Page 42

    42 42 42 42 42 TYPE Use this item to configure the type of the IDE device that you specify. Configuration options: [Not In stalled], [Auto], [CD/D V D], a nd [ARMD]. [Not Installed]: Select [Not Installed] to disable the use of IDE device. [Auto]: Select [Auto] to automatically detect the hard disk drive. After selecting the hard disk information i[...]

  • Page 43

    43 43 43 43 43 S.M.A.R.T. Use this item to ena ble or disable the S.M.A.R.T . (Self-Monitoring, Analysis, a nd Reporting T echnology) feature. Configuration options: [Disabled], [Auto], [Enabled]. 32-Bit Data T ra nsfer Use this item to ena ble 32-bit acce ss to maximize the IDE hard disk data transfer rate. 3.4.5 3.4.5 3.4.5 3.4.5 3.4.5 PCIPnP Con[...]

  • Page 44

    44 44 44 44 44 3.4.6 3.4.6 3.4.6 3.4.6 3.4.6 Super IO Configuration Super IO Configuration Super IO Configuration Super IO Configuration Super IO Configuration Serial Port Address Use this item to set the address for the onboard serial port or disable it. Configuration options: [Disabled], [3F8 / IRQ4], [2F8 / IRQ3], [3E8 / IRQ4], [2E8 / IRQ3]. Par[...]

  • Page 45

    45 45 45 45 45 BIOS SETUP UTILITY USB Configuration T o enable or disable the onboard USB controllers. Select Screen Select Item +- Change Option F1 General Help F9 Load Defaults F10 Save and Exit ESC Exit v02.54 (C) Copyright 1985-2005, American Megatrends, Inc. Advanced USB Controller USB 2.0 Support Legacy USB Support [Enabled] [Enabled] [Enable[...]

  • Page 46

    46 46 46 46 46 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 Hardware Health Event Monitoring Screen Hardware Health Event Monitoring Screen Hardware Health Event Monitoring Screen Hardware Health Event Monitoring Screen Hardware Health Event Monitoring Screen In this section, it allows you to monitor the status of the hardware on your system, including the para meters of t[...]

  • Page 47

    47 47 47 47 47 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 Boot Screen Boot Screen Boot Screen Boot Screen Boot Screen In this section, it will display the available devices on your system for you to config- ure the boot settings and the boot priority. 3.6.1 3.6.1 3.6.1 3.6.1 3.6.1 Boot Settings Configuration Boot Settings Configuration Boot Settings Configuration Boot Se[...]

  • Page 48

    48 48 48 48 48 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 Security Screen Security Screen Security Screen Security Screen Security Screen In this section, you may set or cha nge the supervisor/user pa ssword for the system. For the user pa ssword, you may also clear it. BIOS SETUP UTILITY Main Smart Advanced H/W Monitor Boot Exit Install or Change the password. Select Sc[...]

  • Page 49

    49 49 49 49 49 BIOS SETUP UTILITY Main OC T weaker Advanced H/W Monitor Boot Security Exit system setup after saving the changes. F10 key can be used for this operation. Select Screen Select Item Enter Go to Sub Screen F1 General Help F10 Save and Exit ESC Exit F9 Load Defaults v02.54 (C) Copyright 1985-2005, American Megatrends, Inc. Exit Save Cha[...]

  • Page 50

    50 50 50 50 50 Chapter 4 Sof Chapter 4 Sof Chapter 4 Sof Chapter 4 Sof Chapter 4 Sof tware Suppor tware Suppor tware Suppor tware Suppor tware Suppor t t t t t 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 Install Operating System Install Operating System Install Operating System Install Operating System Install Operating System This motherboard supports various Microsoft ?[...]