Emerson 6420FE manuel d'utilisation

20" COLOR TELEVISION SERVICE MANUAL 6420FE EWF2004[...]

IMPORTANT SAFETY NOTICE Proper servic e and repair is important to the safe, relia ble operation of all Funai Equipm ent. The service proce dures recomm ended by Funai and de- scribed in this service ma n ual are effective methods of performin g service operations. Some of these serv ice speci al tools should be used when and as recommended. It is [...]

1-1 L6200S P SPECIFICATIONS <TUNER> ANT . Input --- ----------- ----- 75ohm Unbal., F ty pe Reference Lev el ------ ----- 20Vp -p (CRT Green Ca thode) T est Input Signa l --------- - 400Hz 30 % modulati on <DEFLECTION> <VIDEO & CHROMA> <A UDIO> All ite ms are m easured acros s 8 Ω load a t spea ker output ter mi nal. N[...]

2-1 L6115IM P IMPORTANT SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Prior to shi pment from the fact ory, our produ cts are str ictly in spec ted for reco gnized p roduct sa fety and elec trical codes o f the coun tries in wh ich the y are to be so ld. H owever, in order to ma inta in such c ompli ance, it is equall y import ant to impl ement t he foll owing pr ecautions w[...]

2-2 L6115IM P ing is per formed tha t invol ves B+, ho rizontal de - flection or hig h voltage . Correct ope ration of th e X- radiation p rotec tion circ uits also mus t be rec on- firmed each time t hey are servic ed. (X-r adiation protecti on cir cuits a lso m ay be called "hor izonta l disable " or "hol d down." ) Read and a[...]

2-3 L6115IM P Precautions during Servi cing A. Parts i dentifi ed by th e ( # ) symbo l are criti cal fo r safety. Replace o nly with part numb er sp ecified. B. In addit ion to sa fety, other p arts an d assembl ies are speci fied for c onform ance with regulati ons ap- plying to sp uriou s radiation. T hese must als o be replaced o nly wi th spec[...]

2-4 L6115IM P Safety Check after Servi cing Exami ne the are a surro unding the repai red locati on for damage or deter ioratio n. Obser v e that screws, par ts and wire s have been retur ne d to or igin al posi - tions. After wards, perf or m the following tests and con- fir m th e speci fied values in order to verify co mplianc e with safety stan[...]

3-1 L14S T A STANDARD NOTES FOR SERVICING Circuit Board I ndications a . The o utput p in of th e 3 pin Reg ulator ICs i s indic at- ed as shown. b. For othe r ICs, pin 1 a nd ever y fifth pin are in dicat- ed as shown. c . The 1st pin of ev ery mal e conne ctor is i ndicated as shown. Pb (Lead) Fr ee Solder Pb free mar k will be found on PCBs used[...]

3-2 L14S T A 3 . The f lat pac k-IC on the CBA is affi xed with glue, s o be care ful not to break or d amage t he foil of each pin or the sol der lan ds under the IC when remov- ing it . With Soldering Ir on: (1) Using des oldering br aid, rem ove the sol der from all pins of t he fl at pack-I C. When yo u us e sol der flux whi ch is a pplied to a[...]

3-3 L14S T A (4) Bottom of the fl at pack -IC is fi xed wi th glue to t he CBA; when remov ing e ntire flat pack-I C, firs t apply sold ering ir on to cente r of the f lat pac k-IC an d he at up. Then r emove ( glue will be mel ted). (Fig . S-1-6 ) (5) Releas e the flat pa ck-I C from the CB A using twee- zers. (Fig. S -1-6) Note: When us ing a s o[...]

3-4 L14S T A Instruc tions f or Handl ing Semiconductors Electr ostatic brea kdown of the semi condu ctors m ay occur due to a pote ntial di fference caused by electro - static charge duri ng unpa cking or repai r work . 1. Ground for Human Body Be sure to wear a grounding ba nd (1M Ω ) that i s prop- er ly grounded to r emove any static electr i[...]

4-1 L240 1DC CABINET DISASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS 1. Disassembly Flowchart This flo wcha r t indicates t he disasse mb ly step s f or the cabine t par t s, and the CBA in order to gain acce ss to item(s ) to be ser viced. W hen r eassembling, follow the steps in rev e rse order . Bend, rou te and dre ss the cab les as th e y we re . Caution ! When r em[...]

4-2 L240 1DC Fig. 1 (S-1) (S-1) (S-1) (S-1) (S-4) (S-2) [1] Rear Cabinet Fig. 2 (S-1) (S-1) (S-1) (S-1) (S-2) (S-4) (S-1) [1] Rear Cabinet Fig. 3 [3] Main CB A Fig. 4 [2] CRT CB A [4] CRT Anode Cap (S-3) (S-3) (S-3) (S-3)[...]

4-3 L240 1DC TV Cable Wiring Diagram ANODE Fig. 5 FL YBACK TRANSFORMER T571 A C601 A C CORD CN801 CLN801 SP801 CLN802 SP802 CN802 CN691 MAIN CBA DG691 DEGA USSING COIL TU11 TUNER WH301A WH501A CN571 JK1501 WH501B WH301B T O CRT GROUND CN1501 FOCUS SCREEN[...]

5-1 L2401E A ELECTRICAL AD JUSTMENT INSTRUCTIONS Gen eral Note : "CBA" is abbreviation for "Circuit Board Assem - bly ." NO TE: Electr ical adju stment s are requ ired af ter repla cing circuit c ompon ents a nd certa in mecha nical parts. It is important to perfor m these adjus tments only after all repair s and r eplaceme nts [...]

5-2 L2401E A 2. Initia l S ett ing General 1. En ter the Se rvic e mode . (See pag e 5-1) 2. Pr es s "VO L p " b utton on th e serv ice r emot e con trol unit. D isplay ch anges " C/D," "7 F," "LANG UAGE," "ACC ESS CO DE," "S OUN D TYPE," "VID EO TONE," "FM MOD E," &quo[...]

5-3 L2401E A 4. H f 0 Adjustment Purpo se: T o get corr ect hor izont al freque ncy . Use se r vice r emot e cont rol uni t. 1 . Pres s "2" but ton on the servi ce remote con trol uni t. and sele ct H- ADJ mode. (By pr essing "2" button the displ ay will ch ange from TV AGC to H-ADJ.) 2. Press "CH o / p " button o n th[...]

5-4 L2401E A 8. H. Positi on Adjustment Purpo se: T o obtain corr ect hor izontal pos itio n of screen imag e. Symptom of Misadjustment: If H. P o sition i s incor- rect, ho rizontal pos ition of image on the scr een may not be proper ly di splay ed. Note: Use ser vi ce remo te cont rol unit 1. Oper ate the unit for at least 2 0 minut es. 2. En ter[...]

5-5 L2401E A 12. Cut-off Adjustme nt Purpo se: T o adjust th e beam cur rent of R , G, B, and screen voltage. Symptom of Misadjustment: White co lor ma y be reddis h, greenish o r b luish. Note: Screen C ontrol FBT -- - Main CBA F .B .T= Fly B ack T ransf o rmer Use ser v ice rem ote con trol unit 1. Degauss th e CRT and all ow CRT to oper ate for [...]

5-6 L2401E A 14. Sub-Brightness Adjustment Purpo se: T o get prope r br ightne ss. Symptom of Misadjustment: If Sub-Bri ghtnes s is incorre ct, prop er br ight ness ca nnot b e obtai ned by adju sting the Br ightn ess Contr ol. Note: IQW Setup le vel --- 7.5 IRE Use ser vice remote c ontrol unit 1. En ter the Se rvice mode. (S ee page 5-1) Then in [...]

5-7 L2401E A 17. Convergence Adjustment Purpo se: T o obtain pro per convergence of red, gre en and blue beam s. Symptom of Misadjustment: If Con vergence Adju st- ment is inc orrect , the edge of whi te letters may ha ve color edg es. 1. Loose n the R ing Lo ck and align red with blue dots or Crossha tch at th e cente r of the scre en by rotat - i[...]

6-1 BLOCK DIA GRAMS System Control Block Diagram L2401BLS 58 73 75 63 62 80 56 SCL AFT -IN AGC AFT -IN AGC INPUT0 INPUT1 PRO TECT -2 PRO TECT -1 PRO TECT -3 P-ON-H SDA REMOTE SENSOR KEY SWITCH 74 28 18 40 DG-ON-H +5V -CTRL +5V -CTRL2 +8V -CTRL DG-ON-H +5V -CTRL +5V -CTRL2 +8V -CTRL TO POWER SUPPL Y BLOCK TO CRT/H.V . BLOCK PRO TECT -2 PRO TECT -1 P[...]

6-2 L2401BLIF IF/Video Block Diagram 58 16 56 32 30 SCL CF31 CF32 VCO F/B Q31 AGC SDA CPN. CPS. CPS. CPN. TUNER LINE S-SW TO CRT/H.V . BLOCK WH301A TO CRT/H.V . BLOCK WH301B BLUE 5 GREEN 4 RED 3 IC31 (IF SIGNAL PROCESS) CHROMINANCE PROCESS CIRCUIT LUMINANCE PROCESS CIRCUIT CHROMA COMB BASEBAND TINT H-SYNC PROCESS CIRCUIT V -SYNC PROCESS CIRCUIT VCX[...]

6-3 A udio Bloc k Diagram L2401BLA MAIN CBA A UDIO SIGNAL A-MUTE VOLUME TO SYSTEM CONTROL BLOCK INPUT 0 INPUT 1 SCL SDA IC771 (INPUT SELECT) SW CTL 11 15 12 4 2 1 9 10 VCA STEREO FIL TER 75uS DE-EMPH dBX DE-EMPH L+R FIL TER WIDE BAND FIL TER WIDE BAND RMS DET WIDE BAND EXP AND SPECTRAL EXP AND SPECTRAL RMS DET SPECTRAL FIL TER OFFSET CANCEL L-CH R-[...]

6-4 CR T/H.V . Block Dia gram L2401BLCRT MAIN CBA CRT CBA 7 4 8 6 11 10 9 RAMP-OUT V-RAMP-F/B H-DRIVE GREEN AMP BLUE AMP Q572 Q571 T572 1 3 4 5 FBP-IN ACL V- DRIVE H- DRIVE DY551 D.Y. IC551 (V-DEFLECTION CONTROL) ANODE FOCUS SCREEN WH301B R G B HEATER ANODE GND V501 CRT FOCUS SCREEN GND JK1501 CN1501 WH501B WH501A VIDEO SIGNAL CN571 H.OUTPUT H.DRIV[...]

6-5 P ower Suppl y Block Diagram L2401BLP 4A/125V F601 4A/125V LINE FIL TER L601 AC6 01 AC CORD DEGA USSING COIL DG691 CN691 PS691 BRIDGE RECTIFIER D605 - D608 HO T COLD T601 6 4 2 1 11 12 8 7 4 3 IC601 ERROR VOL T AGE DET Q601 Q602 LIMITER SWITCHING Q652 VR661 +B ADJ Q673 SWITCHING CONTROL Q672 Q681 Q696 RL601 +8V SWITCHING MAIN CBA +B DEF +B +5V [...]

7-1 L13SC SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS / CB A'S AND TEST POINTS Standard Notes Many electr ica l and mech anica l par ts in this cha ssis hav e speci al character is tics. These chara cter istic s often pass unn oticed and the protecti on afforded by them cannot neces sar ily be obt ained by using replacem ent compo - nents rated f or higher voltage, wa[...]

7-2 L13SC LIST OF CAUTION, NOTES, AND SYMBOLS U SED IN THE SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS ON THE FOLLOWING PAGES: 1. CA UTION: FOR CONTINUED PRO TECTION A GAINST RISK OF FIRE, REPLACE ONL Y WITH S AME TYPE_A ,_V FU SE. A TTENTION: UTILISER UN FUSIBLE D E RECHANGE DE M ÊME TYPE DE_A ,_V . 2. CAUTION: Fixed Vol tage ( or Auto voltag e sele ctable) power s upply[...]

A1 A2 A3 A4 B1 B2 B3 B4 C1 C2 C3 C4 D1 D2 D3 D4 E1 E2 E3 E4 F1 F2 F3 F4 VIDEO SIGNAL Main 1/4 Schematic Diagram 7-3 7-4 L2401SCM1 M A IN 1 /4 Ref No. P osit i on IC 11 1 C-2 IC 15 1 A- 3 Q11 1 D - 1 Q13 1 A -3 Q16 1 A -4 Q32 1 E -1 Q36 1 B -4 IC S T R AN SI ST O R S[...]

G1 G2 G3 G4 H1 H2 H3 H4 I1 I2 I3 I4 J1 J2 J3 J4 K1 K2 K3 K4 L1 L2 L3 L4 VIDEO SIGNAL A UDIO SIGNAL 7-5 7-6 L2401SCM2 Main 2/4 Schematic Diagram M A IN 2 /4 Ref No. P osit i on IC 4 3 1 G - 3 IC 7 7 1 H - 2 IC 8 0 1 I- 3 Q80 1 J -3 Q81 1 I-3 CN801 L-4 CN802 L-4 CO NNECT ORS IC S T R AN SI ST O R S[...]

M1 M2 M3 M4 N1 N2 N3 N4 O1 O2 O3 O4 P1 P2 P3 P4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 R1 R2 R3 R4 IF SIGNAL VIDEO SIGNAL A UDIO SIGNAL Main 3/4 Schematic Diagram L2401SCM3 7-7 7-8 NOTE : The voltage for parts in hot circuit is measured using hot GND as a common terminal. CA UTION: FOR CONTINUED PR O TECTION A GAINST RISK OF FIRE, REPLACE ONL Y WITH SAME TYPE 4A, 125V FUSE. [...]

S1 S2 S3 T1 T2 T3 U1 U2 U3 V1 V2 V3 W1 W2 W3 X1 X2 X3 VIDEO SIGNAL 7-9 7-10 L2401SCM4 Main 4/4 & CRT Schematic Diagram M A IN 4 /4 R e f No . P os ition R e f No . P os ition IC 55 1 S- 3 W H 5 0 1 A V- 3 WH301A V-2 Q571 U-2 Q572 T- 2 TP 591 U -2 TP 592 U -2 C N 5 7 1T - 3 T P 6 0 1U - 3 CONNECTORS CONNECTORS IC T EST PO I NT S T R AN SI ST O R[...]

FOCUS-VR (UPPER SIDE) SCREEN-VR (LO WER SIDE) VR661 +B ADJ +B TP601 TP300 GND Main CB A T op View BECA USE A HO T CHASSIS GROUND IS PRESENT IN THE PO WER SUPPL Y CIRCUIT , AN ISOLA TION TRANSFORMER MUST BE USED . ALSO , IN ORDER T O HA VE THE ABILITY TO INCREASE THE INPUT SLO WL Y , WHEN TROUBLESHOO TING THIS TYPE POWER SUPPL Y CIRCUIT , A V ARIABL[...]

Q571 Base WF8 PIN 4 OF CN571 WF12 WF9 PIN 1 OF CN571 PIN 3 OF WH501A WF10 PIN 7 OF IC551 WF11 Q572 Collector WF7 WF1 PIN 26 OF IC111 WF2 PIN 14 OF IC111 PIN 8 OF TU11 WF16 WF6 PIN 3 OF IC801 Main CB A Bottom View BECA USE A HO T CHASSIS GROUND IS PRESENT IN THE PO WER SUPPL Y CIRCUIT , AN ISOLA TION TRANSFORMER MUST BE USED . ALSO , IN ORDER T O HA[...]

WF15 Q1511 Collector Q1511 Base WF3 WF14 Q1521 Collector Q1521 Base WF4 WF13 Q1531 Collector Q1531 Base WF5 7-15 BL2700F01012-2 7-16 CR T CB A T op View CR T CBA Bottom Vie w CRT CBA Ref No . P o si t i on Q1511 A -2 Q1521 A-2 Q1531 A-2 CN 1501 B -1 WH301B B -2 WH501B B -1 T RAN SI ST O RS CO NNECT O RS[...]

W A VEFORMS L2701WF 8-1 1DIV: 0.5V 20 µ s IC 111 Pin 26 WF1 GND 1DIV: 0.5V 20 µ s IC 111 Pin 14 WF2 1DIV: 2V 20 µ s Q1511 Base WF3 GND 1DIV: 2V 20 µ s Q 1521 Base WF4 GND Input: NTSC Color Bar Signal (with 1kHz Audio Signal) INITIAL POSITION: Unplug unit from AC outlet for at least 5 minutes. reconnect to AC outlet and then turn power on. (Brig[...]

L2701WF 8-2 Input: NTSC Color Bar Signal (with 1kHz Audio Signal) INITIAL POSITION: Unplug unit from AC outlet for at least 5 minutes. reconnect to AC outlet and then turn power on. (Brightness---Center Color---Center Tint --- Center Contrast---Approx 70%) WF1 ~ WF16 = Waveforms to be observed at Waveform check points. (Shown in Schematic Diagram.)[...]

WIRING DIA GRAM L2401WI 9-1 CRT CBA FOCUS SCREEN GND D.Y. DY551 HD VD MAIN CBA WH301A CN1501 1 2 CN691 CLN501 CLN301 AC601 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 CN571 5 4 3 2 1 WH301B GND RED GREEN BLUE V501 CRT ANODE L-CH R-CH 1 SP-L 2 SP801 SPEAKER CN801 1 SP-R 2 SP802 SPEAKER CN802 T571 FBT TU11 TUNER UNIT WH501A WH501B +8V GND RED GREEN BLUE +8V HEA TER 3 GND 2 [...]

10-1 L2401P IN IC PIN FUNCT IONS IC111 (TV Micro C ontroller) Pin No. Signal Name Function 1 CNVSS GND 2 N.U . Not Used 3 N.U . Not Used 4 N.U . Not Used 5G N D G N D 6V C C A L L + 5 V 7 N.U . (GND) 8 FIL T FIL T 9 HLF Filter for CCD 10 VHOLD VHOLD 11 CVIN Input for Video Si gnal 12 RESET RESET 13 MCU RESET OUT RES ET Signal Output 14 Y - SW OUT C[...]

10-2 L2401P IN 71 MONO-OUT MONO-OUT 72 I2C OPEN Whi te Balan ce Adjus tment Judgement 73 AFT -IN AFT V ol tage Inp ut 74 DG-ON-H Dega ussing C oil Co ntrol 75 A GC A GC V olt age Inpu t 76 PRO TE CT 3 P ower Sup ply Pr otection 77 N.U . Not Used 78 N.U . Not Used 79 P-ON- H Output for P-ON-H 80 INPUT -1 Inpu t Sele ct 1 Pin No. Signal Name Function[...]

EXPLODED VIEWS Cabinet A-3 A-1 B-5 B-5 B-2 B-2 L-8 L-8 L-8 L-9 L-10 L-8 L-8 L-8 L-8 B-5 B-5 B-2 B-2 B-11 B-11 B-1 SP801 SP802 L-13 B-13 B-13 L-13 A-4 A-2 L1 L1 B2 Scotch T ape #880 Scotch T ape #880 V501 CLN551 DG691 D Y551 CR T CBA MAIN CBA A C601 B-3 B12 B12 V501-2 V501-1 D Y551 Details f or D Y551 and surrounding par ts SHINWHA T APE SGT -730 (W[...]

11-3 L2401 PEX Packing S-5 S-1 P acking T ape T ape X-5 X-2 X-1 FRONT X-3 X-4 S-2 S-3 S-6 S-4 S-7[...]

20040405 12- 1 L2401CA MECHANICAL P A R TS LIST PRODUCT SAFE TY NO TE: Products marked with a # hav e speci al c haracteri stics impo r tant to s afety . Bef ore replacing any of thes e componen ts, read car efull y the product safety notice in thi s ser vi ce manual. Don't degrade the s afety of the prod uct thro ugh im proper ser- vicing . N[...]

20040405 13- 1 L2401EL ELECTRICAL P ARTS LIST PRODUCT SAFE TY NO TE: Product s mar ked with a # ha ve special cha racter isti cs im por t ant to sa fety . Before replacing any of these c ompone nts, read care- fully the pr oduct safety notice i n this ser vice manual. Don't degrade the safety of the product throug h imprope r ser vicing. NO TE[...]

20040405 13- 2 L2401EL ELECTROL YTIC CAP . 1000 µ F/10V M CE1AMASDL102 C351 CERAMIC CAP .(AX) B K 100pF/50V CCA1JKT0B101 C352 CERAMIC CAP .(AX) B K 100pF/50V CCA1JKT0B101 C353 ELECTROL YTIC CAP . 1 µ F/50V M or CE1J MAST L1R0 ELECTROL YTIC CAP . 1 µ F/50V M or CE1J MASDL 1R0 ELECTROL YTIC CAP . 1 µ F/50V M or CE1J MASDL 010 ELECTROL YTIC CAP . [...]

20040405 13- 3 L2401EL C656 # ELECTROL YTIC CAP . 100 µ F/ 160V M o r C E2C MZPTL 101 # ELECTROL YTIC CAP . 100 µ F/ 160V M or CE2C MZNDL 101 # ELECTROL YTIC CAP . 100 µ F/ 160V M CE 2CMZ PDL1 01 C657 # ELECTROL YTIC CAP . 470 µ F/ 35V M( VR) or CE1G MZNT L471 # ELECTROL YTIC CAP . 470 µ F/ 35V M or CE1GMZA DL47 1 # ELECTROL YTIC CAP . 470 µ [...]

20040405 13- 4 L2401EL # RECT IFIE R DIODE E RB12 -06 QDQZ0ER B1 206 D606 # DIODE 1N539 9-B/ P or NDLZ001 N53 99 # RECT IFIE R DIODE E RB12 -06 QDQZ0ER B1 206 D607 # DIODE 1N539 9-B/ P or NDLZ001 N53 99 # RECT IFIE R DIODE E RB12 -06 QDQZ0ER B1 206 D608 # DIODE 1N539 9-B/ P or NDLZ001 N53 99 # RECT IFIE R DIODE E RB12 -06 QDQZ0ER B1 206 D611 # ZENE[...]

20040405 13- 5 L2401EL TRANS ISTOR KTC319 8(GR) or NQS40KTC 3198 TRAN SISTOR 2SC3 331(T) -AAN P or 2SC3 331T Z TRANS ISTOR 2SC3 331(U )-AAN P or 2SC3 331UZ TRAN SISTOR 2SC1 815-G R(TPE 2) QQS 102SC1 815 Q361 TR ANSI STOR 2SC2785(F ) or QQSF0 2SC2 785 TRANS ISTOR 2SC278 5(H ) or QQSH02 SC27 85 TRANS ISTOR 2SC278 5(J) or QQSJ 02SC27 85 TRANS ISTOR KT[...]

20040405 13- 6 L2401EL R161 CHIP RE S. (1608) 1/10W J 470 Ω RRXAJB5Z0471 R162 CHIP RE S. (1608) 1/10W J 22k Ω RRXAJB5Z0223 R163 CHIP RE S. (1608) 1/10W J 470 Ω RRXAJB5Z0471 R164 CHIP RE S. (1608) 1/10W J 10k Ω RRXAJB5Z0103 R165 CHIP RE S. (1608) 1/10W J 4.7 k Ω RRXAJB5Z0472 R167 CHIP RE S. (1608) 1/10W J 2.7 k Ω RRXAJB5Z0272 R168 CHIP R[...]

20040405 13- 7 L2401EL R671 CARB ON RES. 1/4W J 3.3k Ω RCX4JA T Z0332 R672 CARB ON RES. 1/4W J 3.3k Ω RCX4JA T Z0332 R673 CARB ON RES. 1/4W J 100k Ω RCX4J A TZ010 4 R674 CHIP RE S. (1608) 1/10W J 22k Ω RRXAJB5Z0223 R675 CARB ON RES. 1/ 4W J 15k Ω RCX4JA T Z015 3 R676 CHIP RE S. (1608) 1/10W J 10k Ω RRXAJB5Z0103 R677 CARB ON RES. 1/ 4W J[...]

20040405 13- 8 L2401EL CRT CB A J120 C HIP RES. 1 /10 W J 0 Ω RRXAJB5Z0000 J135 C HIP RES. 1 /10 W J 0 Ω RRXAJB5Z0000 J180 C HIP RES. 1 /10 W J 0 Ω RRXAJB5Z0000 J196 C HIP RES. 1 /10 W J 0 Ω RRXAJB5Z0000 J242 C HIP RES. 1 /10 W J 0 Ω RRXAJB5Z0000 JC703 CHIP RES. 1/10W J 0 Ω RRXAJB5Z0000 JC704 CHIP RES. 1/10W J 0 Ω RRXAJB5Z0000 JK701 R[...]

6420FE/ EWF200 4 L2401UB/ L2404UE 2004-04-1 2[...]