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Intel IXP45X manuel d'utilisation

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Habituellement, cela est dû au manque de temps et de certitude quant à la fonctionnalité spécifique de l'équipement acheté. Malheureusement, la connexion et le démarrage Intel IXP45X ne suffisent pas. Le manuel d’utilisation contient un certain nombre de lignes directrices concernant les fonctionnalités spécifiques, la sécurité, les méthodes d'entretien (même les moyens qui doivent être utilisés), les défauts possibles Intel IXP45X et les moyens de résoudre des problèmes communs lors de l'utilisation. Enfin, le manuel contient les coordonnées du service Intel en l'absence de l'efficacité des solutions proposées. Actuellement, les manuels d’utilisation sous la forme d'animations intéressantes et de vidéos pédagogiques qui sont meilleurs que la brochure, sont très populaires. Ce type de manuel permet à l'utilisateur de voir toute la vidéo d'instruction sans sauter les spécifications et les descriptions techniques compliquées Intel IXP45X, comme c’est le cas pour la version papier.

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Table des matières du manuel d’utilisation

  • Page 1

    Document No:305261; R evision:004 Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors Hardware De sign Guidelines February 2007[...]

  • Page 2

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 2 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 INFORMA TION IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH INTELR PRODUCTS. EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN INTEL'S TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE FOR SUCH PRODUCTS, INTEL ASSUMES N O LIABILITY WHATSOEVER, AND INTEL DISCLAIM[...]

  • Page 3

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 3 Contents—Intel ® IXP45X a nd Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors Contents 1.0 Introduction ......... ......... .......... ........... ........ ........... .......... ......... .......... ........... ..[...]

  • Page 4

    Intel ® IXP45X and I ntel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Contents Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 4 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 3.12.1 Signal Interface ............... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... ........48 3.12.2 PCI Inte[...]

  • Page 5

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 5 Contents—Intel ® IXP45X a nd Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 7.1.7.1 Clock Group ...... .......... ........... .......... ........... ........ ........... .......... 88 7.1.7.2 Data, Command, and C[...]

  • Page 6

    Intel ® IXP45X and I ntel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Contents Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 6 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 44 DDR RAS Simulation Re sults: Two-Bank x16 D evices ................ ............. ............. ..........99 45 DDR Command (MA3) To[...]

  • Page 7

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 7 Revision History—Intel ® IXP45X and I ntel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors Revision History Date Revision Description Febru ary 2007 004 • Section 1.4 , Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Section 3.5 : Updated the [...]

  • Page 8

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors—Revision History Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 8 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004[...]

  • Page 9

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors December 2006 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 9 Introduction—Intel ® IXP45X and I ntel ® IXP46X Prod uc t Line of Networ k Pro ce s s or s 1.0 Introduction This design guide provides recommendation s for hardware and system designers who are developing with the I[...]

  • Page 10

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Pr oduct Lin e of Network Processors —Introduct ion Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD December 2006 10 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 1.2 Related Documentation The reader of this design guide should also be familiar with the material and concepts presented in th[...]

  • Page 11

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors December 2006 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 11 Introduction—Intel ® IXP45X and I ntel ® IXP46X Prod uc t Line of Networ k Pro ce s s or s 1.3 Acronyms and Abbreviations Ta b l e 1 lists the acronyms and abbreviations used in this guide. 1.4 Overview The IXP45X/[...]

  • Page 12

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Pr oduct Lin e of Network Processors —Introduct ion Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD December 2006 12 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 • 32-bit PCI interface Master/T arget 33/66 MHz • Device Universal Serial Bus (USB) Controlle r • Host Universal Serial Bu[...]

  • Page 13

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors December 2006 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 13 Introduction—Intel ® IXP45X and I ntel ® IXP46X Prod uc t Line of Networ k Pro ce s s or s Note: Figure 1 shows the Intel ® IXP465 Network Processor. For details on feature support listed by processor , see the In[...]

  • Page 14

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Pr oduct Lin e of Network Processors —Introduct ion Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD December 2006 14 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 1.5 Typical Application s • High-performance DSL modem • High-performance cable modem •R e s i d e n t i a l g a t e w a y[...]

  • Page 15

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 15 System Architecture—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 2.0 System Architecture 2.1 System Architecture Description The Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network P[...]

  • Page 16

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Pr od uct Lin e o f Ne twork Pro c essor s —Sy stem Arch i t e cture Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 16 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 Figure 2. Intel ® IXP465 Example System Block Diagram Power Supply DDR S DRA M 16Mx 4x 16 512 Mby te (Fo ur C [...]

  • Page 17

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 17 General Hardware Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 3.0 General Hardware Design Considerations This chapter contains information for implementing and interfac[...]

  • Page 18

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Produc t Line of Networ k Processors—General Hardware Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 18 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 3.2 DDR-266 SDRAM Interface The IXP45X/IX P46X network pro cessors support unbuffe red, DDR-266 SDR AM t[...]

  • Page 19

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 19 General Hardware Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors DDRI_WE_N O The WE signal must be conne cte d to each device in a daisy chain manner Ye s Write Stro be ?[...]

  • Page 20

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Produc t Line of Networ k Processors—General Hardware Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 20 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 3.2.2 DDR SDRAM Memory Interface The IXP45X/IXP46X network processors support compatible D DR -266 SDR A[...]

  • Page 21

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 21 General Hardware Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 3.3.1 Signal Interface 3.3.2 Reset Configu ration Straps At power up or whenever RESET_IN_N is asserted, t[...]

  • Page 22

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Produc t Line of Networ k Processors—General Hardware Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 22 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 For a complete bit description of Configuration R egister 0, see the Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X[...]

  • Page 23

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 23 General Hardware Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 3.3.3 8-Bit Device Interface The IXP45X/IXP46X network processors suppo rt 8-bit- wide data bus de vices ([...]

  • Page 24

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Produc t Line of Networ k Processors—General Hardware Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 24 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 For example, as in this case when booting of a 16-bit flash device, bit 0 and 7 o f Configuration Regist[...]

  • Page 25

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 25 General Hardware Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors Figure 3. 8/16/32-B it Device Interface: No Byte-Enable EX_AD D R [ 24 : 0] E X_ DA TA[7 :0] 8 -Bit Device[...]

  • Page 26

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Produc t Line of Networ k Processors—General Hardware Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 26 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 Figure 4. 8/16/32-Bit De vice Interface: Byte Enable EX _ADDR[ 24:0] EX_D AT A[ 7 :0 ] 8 -Bit Device B y[...]

  • Page 27

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 27 General Hardware Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 3.3.6 Flash Interface Figure 5 illustrates how a boot ROM is connected to the expansion bus. The flash (RO[...]

  • Page 28

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Produc t Line of Networ k Processors—General Hardware Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 28 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 3.3.7 SRAM Interface A typical connection between an 8-bit SRAM memory device and the IXP45X/IXP 46X net[...]

  • Page 29

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 29 General Hardware Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors Note: The UAR T module does not support full modem functionality . However , this can be implemented, by u[...]

  • Page 30

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Produc t Line of Networ k Processors—General Hardware Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 30 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 3.5 MII/SMII Interface The IXP45X/IXP46X network processors supp ort a maximum of three Ethernet MACs. D[...]

  • Page 31

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 31 General Hardware Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 3.5.1 Signal Interface M II Table 8. MII NPE A Signal Recommendations Name Input/ Output Pull Up Down Reco[...]

  • Page 32

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Produc t Line of Networ k Processors—General Hardware Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 32 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 ETHB_COL I Y es Collision Detect. If operating in a full duplex mode and there is no re quirement to use[...]

  • Page 33

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 33 General Hardware Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 3.5.2 Device Connection, MII Figure 8 is a typical example of an Ethernet PHY device interfacing to one of[...]

  • Page 34

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Produc t Line of Networ k Processors—General Hardware Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 34 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 3.5.3 Signal Interface, SMII Serial Media Independent Inte rface (SMII) is a hardware feature to con vey[...]

  • Page 35

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 35 General Hardware Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 3.5.4 Device Connection, SMII 3.6 GPIO Interface The IXP45X/IXP46X network processors provid e 16 general-[...]

  • Page 36

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Produc t Line of Networ k Processors—General Hardware Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 36 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 3.6.1 Signal Interface 3.6.2 Design Notes The drive strength for GPIO[15:14] is limited to 8 mA , while [...]

  • Page 37

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 37 General Hardware Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 3.7 I 2 C Interface The IXP45X/IXP46X network processors support I 2 C interface and protocol. The hardwar[...]

  • Page 38

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Produc t Line of Networ k Processors—General Hardware Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 38 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 3.8 USB Interface There are two USB controllers in the IXP45X/IXP46X network processors — one is a Hos[...]

  • Page 39

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 39 General Hardware Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 3.8.1 Signal Interface A typical implementation of a USB inte rface Host down-stream is s hown in Figure 1[...]

  • Page 40

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Produc t Line of Networ k Processors—General Hardware Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 40 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 T o maintain signal integrity and minimize end-users termination mismatch, the IXP45X/IXP46X network pro[...]

  • Page 41

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 41 General Hardware Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 3.9 UTOPIA Level 2 Interface The IXP45X/IXP46X network processors support the industry-standard UT OPIA Le[...]

  • Page 42

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Produc t Line of Networ k Processors—General Hardware Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 42 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 3.9.1 Signal Interface 3.9.2 Device Connection The following example shown in Figure 13 shows a typical [...]

  • Page 43

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 43 General Hardware Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 3.10 HSS Interface NPE A has an integrated High-Speed Serial (HSS) module, whose primary function is to pr[...]

  • Page 44

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Produc t Line of Networ k Processors—General Hardware Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 44 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 3.10.1 Signal Interface Table 17. High-Speed, Serial Interface 0 Name Input Output Pull Up Down Recommen[...]

  • Page 45

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 45 General Hardware Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors Table 18. High-Speed, Serial Interface 1 Name Input Output Pull Up Down Recommendations HSS_TXFRAME1 I/O Y[...]

  • Page 46

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Produc t Line of Networ k Processors—General Hardware Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 46 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 3.10.2 Device Connection Figure 14 shows a typical interface between the IXP45X/IXP46X product line and [...]

  • Page 47

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 47 General Hardware Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 3.11.1 Signal Interface 3.11.2 Device Connection There are a number of devices available that can interfac[...]

  • Page 48

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Produc t Line of Networ k Processors—General Hardware Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 48 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 3.12 PCI Interface The PCI Controller of the IXP45X/IXP46X netw ork processors is an industry-standard, [...]

  • Page 49

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 49 General Hardware Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 3.12.2 PCI Interface Block Diagram When using the IXP45X/IXP46X network proc essors in Master mode, the PC[...]

  • Page 50

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Produc t Line of Networ k Processors—General Hardware Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 50 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 3.12.3 Supporting 5 V PCI Interface It is possible to support 5 V PCI devices with the help of voltage l[...]

  • Page 51

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 51 General Hardware Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 3.12.4 PCI Option Interface The IXP45X/IXP46X network processors can be used in a design as a host or as a[...]

  • Page 52

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Produc t Line of Networ k Processors—General Hardware Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 52 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 PCI_TRDY_N I/O Connect signal to same pin between the two devices. Connect a 10-K Ω pull-up resi stor .[...]

  • Page 53

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 53 General Hardware Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 3.12.5 Design Notes • The IXP45X/IXP46X network processors do not support the 5 V PCI signal interface b[...]

  • Page 54

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Produc t Line of Networ k Processors—General Hardware Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 54 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 3.13.1 Signal Interface 3.14 Input System Clock The IXP45X/IXP46X network pr ocessors require a 33.33-M [...]

  • Page 55

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 55 General Hardware Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 3.14.3 Device Connection 3.15 Power T o enable low power system design, the IXP45X/IXP46X network processo[...]

  • Page 56

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Produc t Line of Networ k Processors—General Hardware Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 56 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 3.15.1 De-Coupling Capacitance Recommendations It is common practice to place de-coupling capacitors bet[...]

  • Page 57

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 57 General Hardware Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors For a complete description of their functionality , see the Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Li[...]

  • Page 58

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Produc t Line of Networ k Processors—General Hardware Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 58 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004[...]

  • Page 59

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 59 General PCB Guide—Intel ® IXP45X and I ntel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 4.0 General PCB Guide 4.1 PCB Overview Beginning with components selection, this chapter prese nts general PCB guidelines. In [...]

  • Page 60

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 60 Document Number: 305261; Revsion: 004 • Place noisy parts (clock, processor , video, etc.) at least 1.5 – 3 inches away from the edge of the printed circuit board. • Do[...]

  • Page 61

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 61 General PCB Guide—Intel ® IXP45X and I ntel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors • Poor routing density • Uncontrolled signal tr ace impedance • Lack of power/ground planes, resul ting in unacceptable [...]

  • Page 62

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 62 Document Number: 305261; Revsion: 004 • F ast and slow transmission line networks must be considered •P C B - b o a r d v e l o c i t i e s •B o a r d F R 4 ~ 4 . 3 •[...]

  • Page 63

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 63 General Layout and Routing Guide—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 5.0 General Layout and Routing Guide 5.1 Overview This chapter provides routing and layout gu ides for hardware [...]

  • Page 64

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 64 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 • Do not place high-frequency oscillators and switching network device s close to sensitive analog circuits. • Arrange the board so[...]

  • Page 65

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 65 General Layout and Routing Guide—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors Figure 23 and Figure 24 show good and poor design practices for via placement on surface-mount boards. Figure 25[...]

  • Page 66

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 66 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 5.2.2 C lock Signal Considerations • Provide good return current paths for clock tr aces. • Keep clock tr aces awa y from the edge [...]

  • Page 67

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 67 General Layout and Routing Guide—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors — Calculate capacitive loading of all comp onents and properly compensate with a series or parallel terminatio[...]

  • Page 68

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 68 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 • Wherever possible, use a perfect symmetry within a differential pair . • Minimize the number vias. • Avoid routing other signal[...]

  • Page 69

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 69 General Layout and Routing Guide—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 5.2.8 Trace Impedance All signal layers require controlled impedance of 50 Ω ± 10 % microstrip or stripline (u[...]

  • Page 70

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 70 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004[...]

  • Page 71

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 71 PCI Interface Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 6.0 PCI Interface Design Considerations The Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce[...]

  • Page 72

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors—PCI Interface Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 72 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 6.3 Clock Distribution In order to meet timing and avo id clock ov erloading, it is recommended to use point-[...]

  • Page 73

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 73 PCI Interface Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 6.3.1 Trace Lengt h Limits Maximum trace lengths can be calculated for specific speeds at which the bus is in[...]

  • Page 74

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors—PCI Interface Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 74 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 The limitations of the maximum trace length can be calculated with the equations shown in Section 6.2 . Solve[...]

  • Page 75

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 75 DDR-SDRAM—Inte l ® IXP45X and I n tel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 7.0 DDR-SDRAM 7.1 Introduction This document is intended to be used as a guid e for routing DDR, based on the Intel ® IXDP465 Devel[...]

  • Page 76

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 76 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 Ta b l e 2 8 provides a list of supported memory co nfigur ations that can be implemented for one or two banks. Notice that dependin g [...]

  • Page 77

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 77 DDR-SDRAM—Inte l ® IXP45X and I n tel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors Besides assigning clock signals (DDRI_CK and DDRI_CK_N) to the memory devices, there are two more requirements, one implem ented in [...]

  • Page 78

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 78 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 Figure 29 shows the DDR memory interface of the IXP45X/IXP46X network processors using x16 devices with Error Correcting Code (ECC). Ba[...]

  • Page 79

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 79 DDR-SDRAM—Inte l ® IXP45X and I n tel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors Figure 29. Processor-D DR Interface: x16 Devices with ECC DDR 5 In te l ® IX P 46 X Pr oduct Li ne of Net w or k Processor s DDRI_C[...]

  • Page 80

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 80 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 7.1.1 Selecting VTT Power Supply Selecting the minimum power requirement for VT T supply is a simple calculation that varies depending [...]

  • Page 81

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 81 DDR-SDRAM—Inte l ® IXP45X and I n tel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 7.1.2 Signal-Timing Analysis Figure 31. DD R Command and Control Setup and Hold Table 29. DDR Command and Co ntrol Setup and Hold Va[...]

  • Page 82

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 82 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 Figure 32. DDR Data to DQS Read Timing Pa rameters Table 30. DDR Data to DQS Read Timing Parameters Symbol Parameter Min Max Units Note[...]

  • Page 83

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 83 DDR-SDRAM—Inte l ® IXP45X and I n tel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors Figure 33. DD R-Data-to-DQS-Write Timing Param eters Table 31. DDR Data to DQ S Write Timing Parame ters Symbol Parameter Min Max Un[...]

  • Page 84

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 84 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 7.1.3 Printed Circuit Board Layer Stackup The layer stackup used for the IXDP465 platform x16 Processor Module is shown in Figure 35 on[...]

  • Page 85

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 85 DDR-SDRAM—Inte l ® IXP45X and I n tel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 7.1.4 Printed Circuit Boa rd Controlled Impedance Controlled impedance for each layer of the IXDP465 platform x16 Processor Module i[...]

  • Page 86

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 86 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 Figure 36. Printed Circuit Board Controlled Impedance[...]

  • Page 87

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 87 DDR-SDRAM—Inte l ® IXP45X and I n tel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 7.1.5 Timing Relationships The routing guidelines presented in the following subsections define the recommended routing topologies, [...]

  • Page 88

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 88 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 In addition to any tr ace length differentials which must be considered between signal groups, differences in the package length betwee[...]

  • Page 89

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 89 DDR-SDRAM—Inte l ® IXP45X and I n tel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 7.1.7.2 Data, Command, and Control Groups The data, command, and control signal groups include all signals other than the clock grou[...]

  • Page 90

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 90 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 7.2 Simulation Results This section contains the simulation results for each of the DDR signal groups. Each of the signal groups may ha[...]

  • Page 91

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 91 DDR-SDRAM—Inte l ® IXP45X and I n tel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors Figure 37. DD R Clock Topology: Two-Bank x16 Devices[...]

  • Page 92

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 92 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 The differential-clock -circuit simulati on in Figure 38 shows that the voltage wavefor m meets the DDR device input voltage requir eme[...]

  • Page 93

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 93 DDR-SDRAM—Inte l ® IXP45X and I n tel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors Table 37. Data Group Topology Tran smission Line Characteristics Transmission Line Length TL1 (T pd = 175 ps/in) ~600 mils TL2 (T pd[...]

  • Page 94

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 94 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 Figure 39. DDR Data Topology: Two-Bank x16 Devices[...]

  • Page 95

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 95 DDR-SDRAM—Inte l ® IXP45X and I n tel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors The data-circuit simulation results in Figure 40 show that the voltage wavefo rm meets the DDR dev ice input voltage requirements. V[...]

  • Page 96

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 96 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 The simulation results in Figure 41 are for the data circuit with a DDR device using reduced drive strength and shows that the voltage [...]

  • Page 97

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 97 DDR-SDRAM—Inte l ® IXP45X and I n tel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors The simulation results in Figure 42 are for the data circuit with a DDR device using full drive strength and show that the voltage w[...]

  • Page 98

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 98 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 7.2.3 Control Group The control signal group includes the sign als DDRI_CS[1:0] and DDRI_CKE[1:0]. The following simulations were const[...]

  • Page 99

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 99 DDR-SDRAM—Inte l ® IXP45X and I n tel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors The simulation results in Figure 44 are for the control circuit and show that the voltage waveform meets the DDR device input voltag[...]

  • Page 100

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 100 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 7.2.4 Command Group The command signal group includes the signals DDRI_MA[13:0], DDRI_BA[1:0], DDRI_RAS, DDRI_CAS and DDRI_WE. The fol[...]

  • Page 101

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 101 DDR-SDRAM—Inte l ® IXP45X and I n tel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors Figure 45. DD R Command (MA3) Topology: Two-Ban k x16 Devices[...]

  • Page 102

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 102 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 The simulation results in Figure 46 are for the address circuit and show that the voltage waveform meets the DDR device input voltage [...]

  • Page 103

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 103 DDR-SDRAM—Inte l ® IXP45X and I n tel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors Figure 47. DD R Command (RAS) Topology: Two-Ban k x16 Devices[...]

  • Page 104

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 104 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 The simulation results in Figure 48 are for the RAS circuit, the voltage waveform meets the DDR device input voltage requirements. V i[...]

  • Page 105

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 105 DDR-SDRAM—Inte l ® IXP45X and I n tel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 7.2.5 RCVENIN and RCVENOUT The Re ceive Enable In (RCVENIN) and Rece ive Enable Out (RCV ENOUT) should be connected and routed to m[...]

  • Page 106

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 106 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 The simulation results in Figure 50 are for the RCVENIN/RCVENOUT circuit with a 0- Ω series resistor , the voltage waveform meets the[...]

  • Page 107

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 107 DDR-SDRAM—Inte l ® IXP45X and I n tel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors The simulation results in Figure 51 are for the RCVENIN/RCVENOUT circuit, the voltage waveform meets the DDR device input voltage r[...]

  • Page 108

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 108 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004[...]