Acronis Disk Director Server 10.0 manuale d’uso

Acronis Disk Director Serve r 10 .0 User’ s guide[...]

2 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 – 2010 . All rights re served. W indows and MS - DOS are registered trademar ks of Microsoft Corporation. All other trademarks and copyrights referred to are the property of their respe c tive owners. Distribut ion of substantively modified versions of this document is[...]

Table of contents Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 3 Table of Contents CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 5 1.1 W HAT IS A CRONI S D IS K D IRECTOR S ERVER ? .................................................................................[...]

Table of contents 4 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 A.7 F OR MAT TIN G H ARD D IS KS ................................................................................................................ 88 A.8 F ILE S YS TEMS .....................................................................................................................[...]

Introduction Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 5 Chapter 1. I ntroduction 1.1 W hat is A c ronis Disk Directo r Server ? Acronis Dis k Directo r Server is a complex program that includ es par tition ma n ager and hard disk data edit ing tools . With it, you can: • Create hard disk part itions • Resize, move , split and merge partition[...]

Introduction 6 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 diskdir ectorcmd.e xe utility. The file is loc ated in a folder where Acronis Disk Directo r Server has been installed, by default it is C: Program Files Acronis DiskDirect or . • Viewing logs Acronis Disk Director Server now k eeps work ing lo gs. T hey store information about imple[...]

Installation And Use Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 7 Chapter 2. I nstallation And Us e 2.1 System Requirements To take full advantage of Acronis Disk Director Server you should ha ve: • A PC - compatible computer with a Pentium or similar CPU • 128 MB RAM • A floppy or a CD - RW/D VD - RW drive • A mouse (reco mmended) 2.2 Sup[...]

Installation And Use 8 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 creating bootable medi a (see Chapter 9 “ Bootable Me dia Builde r ” ). Y ou might not n eed this tool if you purchased a boxed product that contains a bootab le C D. If you have a nother Acroni s product with its own Bootable Media Builder, such as Acr onis True I mage, install[...]

Installation And Use Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 9 A power lo ss, turning off t he PC or pressing the Reset button on your PC during the repartiti oning procedur e could result in partition da m age and dat a loss. Please take all necessar y precautions and following these si mpl e ru les : 1. Cr eate a disk image of the di sk on wh[...]

Installation And Use 10 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 You can switch between modes at any time (see 3. 1.3 « Switching modes » ). 2.7.3 Running from bootable diskettes or CD Previ ously, we expla ined how to create bootab le diskettes or a CD (see 2.2 « Installation Proces s »). While workin g with Acronis Di sk Dir ector Serv er [...]

Beginning The Work Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 11 Chapter 3. B eginning The Work 3.1 Acronis D isk Dire ctor S erve r Logical Orga nization Acronis Dis k Director Server provides t w o ope rati on m odes (see 2.7 « Running Acronis Di sk Directo r Server »): • «Automati c partition ope rations» mode is designed for the most fre[...]

Beginning The Work 12 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 3.2 Acronis D isk Dire ctor S erve r Ma in W ind ow The program is controlled thro ugh the main win dow. It includes the menu, toolbar, and disk and par tition tree (shown/hidden t hrough the Vi ew menu ) . T his represents the compute r disk and partition l ist . The main window app[...]

Beginning The Work Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 13 Acronis Disk Director Serv er main window, Manual Mode Disk and partition information The main window shows t he partition’s disk number, assigned lett er, label, type, st atus, size, free space size and file sys tem. Disk and pa rtition informat ion is also prov ided in t he parti[...]

Beginning The Work 14 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 • Hide/Unhide — hide/unhide a partition • Set A ctive — set an active partition • Resize Root — resize FAT16 partition root • Change By tes per i - node — re size i- node table (Linux Ext2/Ext3) • Cha nge C lus ter Si ze — change FAT16/FAT32 partition cluster size[...]

Beginning The Work Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 15 3.4.3 Viewing delayed operatio ns All pending operatio ns are added to the pending operations list. You can view it in the Pending Operations window by clicking Oper ati ons  S h ow : Pending ope r ations l i st This organiz ation enables you to control all planned operations, dou[...]

Beginning The Work 16 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 You can always change any operat ion parameter, including type, file sy s t em, size, location, etc. before performing the operation. Using Change type , Convert , Move , Resi ze , and similar operat ions, you will also see that your actions do no t result in creating new pending ope[...]

Beginning The Work Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 17 3.4.7 Wizard operations Pendi n g part itio n operat ions c reated by Acronis Dis k Director Server wizards di f fer in that a user must prov ide a list of operatio n parameters t o p erfo rm them. Eac h p a ramete r is en t ered on a sepa rate wiz ard p age. Entering op eration para[...]

Beginning The Work 18 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 Acronis Disk Di rector Se rve r shows the w izard and its results as a user action by cre ating the list of operations . Any pending actio ns can be f ul ly u ndone by any of the m entioned methods, i.e . pressing Und o Last A ction will u ndo a us er act ion and all oper a tions pl [...]

Beginning The Work Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 19 3.6 Viewing logs Acronis Dis k Director Server allows users to view i ts working logs . Th ey provide information about part ition operations, including reasons for failure, if any. To invok e the log window, select Show log on the toolbar or from the Tools menu. The log browsing win[...]

Automatic Partit ion Operat ions 20 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 Chapter 4. Au tomatic Partition Operations The «Autom atic partition operati ons» m ode enables you to perform the fo l lowing typ ical operations: • Create a new partiti on • Increase partitio n free space • Copy a p artition • Recover p artitions These opera[...]

Automatic Partit ion Operat ions Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 21 Parti tion creation method s election window 2. If you w ant to creat e a partitio n using unallo c ated d isk space: 1. Set the switch to Unallocated spa ce. 2. The wiz ard wi ll off er to cre ate a part itio n on the lar gest unallo cat ed ar ea. For example, if you h[...]

Automatic Partit ion Operat ions 22 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 4. On the next wizard page, select partit ion type — A ctiv e (Active Primary), Pr i mary or Logical . 5. Typically Primar y is selected to install an operating system to a part ition. If the pa r tition is for data storage, s elect Lo gic al . 6. Select A ctive if yo[...]

Automatic Partit ion Operat ions Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 23 Parti tion file system sel ection window Selecting a part ition file syste m results in part ition formatting, i.e. creating partit ion data storage st ructures – boot record, file allocatio n table, etc. 8. On the next wizard page, you will be asked to select a parti[...]

Automatic Partit ion Operat ions 24 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 Hard d isk part itions are not only a ssigned le tters, but are also n umbered. That means s ome operati ng system partit ion s a re a ssigned let ters a nd nu mbers , in ot h ers, o nly nu mber s. Create - , delet e - and move - partit ion operations, as well as hi d i[...]

Automatic Partit ion Operat ions Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 25 Assigning a par tition a new letter or hidi ng it will pr e vent only its applicatio ns and files from running or opening. Other part i tions will not be affected b y t hese operations. OS startup prob lems ma y appear if you directly change the letter a s si gned to th[...]

Automatic Partit ion Operat ions 26 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 2. On the Select Hard Dis k Drive wizard pag e, select a disk on which to create a part i tion. Parti tion disk selection pa ge Note that this wiza rd page represents physical disks ac tually con nected to your P C. The next pag e shows log ical disks (or partitions) o [...]

Automatic Partit ion Operat ions Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 27 The window of exis ting partiti on selectio n to create a new parti tion By creating a partition usin g the free space of other partit ions, Acro nis Disk Director Server can collect it i n such a way t hat the final pa rtition size is not smalle r than 110% o f data - [...]

Automatic Partit ion Operat ions 28 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 In this case, you wi ll have t o return to the p revious wizard p age and select a di fferent partitio n from which to t ake the necessary space. 4 On the Parti tion Size wizard page, ent er the size of the created part ition (the wi z a rd automatically determines mini[...]

Automatic Partit ion Operat ions Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 29 Click Finish on the las t wizard pag e to allow Acronis Disk Director S erver t o create a pend ing operation list for new partition creation (thes e actio ns may o nly mod ify an e x isting oper ation. Se e 3.4. 5 « Modifying pendi ng o perations » ). 4.2 Increasi ng[...]

Automatic Partit ion Operat ions 30 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 «Enlarging a partit ion at the expense of another partition» is described above: s ee 4.1 « Creating A New Partitio n ». Selecting a partition to use to i ncrease free sp ace 4. On the next wizard page, you will see the maximum size available for the selected part i[...]

Automatic Partit ion Operat ions Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 31 Note that althoug h selected pa rtition size is increa sed at the e xpense of ot her partition space, unalloca ted space a lso will be used if needed. Unallocated spa ce is aut o matically considered to be th e maximum part ition si ze. 5. In the last Pr evi ew wizard w[...]

Automatic Partit ion Operat ions 32 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 Selecting a partition to copy 3. On the next Partition Lo cation wizard p age, a record of copied part ition parameters will be cr eated. The page for se lecting a disk location for pa rtition copy You will have to select a copy location on one of the disks, among e x i[...]

Automatic Partit ion Operat ions Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 33 The copy will be located after th e P ROGRAM( H :) partition in the figure b e low. The figure below sho ws t he result of locating a partit ion copy after clicking aft er t he P ROGRAM( H :) partition. You can lo cate a copy anyw here o n your disk(s). The copy partit [...]

Automatic Partit ion Operat ions 34 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 The page to sel ect a partition, which w ill be partly used for a copy locati on If you do not s elect a p artition to be partly used as the copy location o n the Select Partit ions wiz ard page and there is not enough unall o cated d isk space, y ou will see a n error [...]

Automatic Partit ion Operat ions Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 35 The page for pa rtition copy size sel ection The minimu m copy size is determined by the d ata area size of a copied part i tion. The maximum size is dete rmined by the available disk space. It includes the spac e taken from a partition and unallo cated disk space. By c[...]

Manual Partition Oper ations 36 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 Chapter 5. M anual Partition Operations Unlik e the «Automatic partiti on operat ions » mod e (see 3.1 ), t he «Manu al partition operations » mod e is i nten ded for expe rien ced us ers on ly , a nd off ers muc h wide r o p er ation lists. M anual op erati on pa ramet[...]

Manual Partition Oper ations Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 37 3. In the Create Partition window, enter a partit ion label and select a file sy s tem and partition t ype ( Prima ry — L ogi cal ) fr om the list; you can also e n ter partition size and location using a mouse or by d irect input to P artiti on size , Un allo cat ed sp a[...]

Manual Partition Oper ations 38 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 1. Select a hard disk and a partitio n to copy. Selecting a partition to copy 2. Select Disk  Copy or a similar it em in the Operations sidebar list or cl ick Co py th e sel ecte d par titi on t o anot her fr ee s pace on the toolbar . 3. Acronis Dis k Directo r Server w[...]

Manual Partition Oper ations Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 39 4. Select t he unallocated disk space t o copy a selected pa rtition to it . 5. In the next wizard page, enter pa rtition co py type ( Logical — Prima ry ), size and location. While cop ying a parti tio n, yo u migh t have to cha nge its t ype. F or exa mple , yo u have t[...]

Manual Partition Oper ations 40 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 For example, Window s 98/Me, unlike Window s NT/2000/XP, does not let user s assign random lette rs to partition s, so you must move a partition to a s sign it the necessa ry letter. • Work with som e older OS (M S - DOS, Windows NT 4.0), that can boot only from binary pa[...]

Manual Partition Oper ations Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 41 Unallocated sp ace available for partitio n moving Note that the unallo cated space is smal ler than moved p artition size, but its d ata area is smaller than unallocated space. Therefore , moving t he part i tion with its data intact is possible. If there i s not enoug h f[...]

Manual Partition Oper ations 42 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 Enteri ng moved partition pa rameters The size and locati on of a partition copy can be pro vided with a mouse click or by entering data into the Unallocated space be fore , Partit ion size (and Unallocated space after ) fields. 6. By clicking OK in the Move partit ion wind[...]

Manual Partition Oper ations Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 43 If you nee d to resiz e and/or move a partition: 1. Select the hard disk and a partiti on to be resized. 2. Select Disk  Resize or a si m i lar item in the Ope rat ions sidebar list , or click Res ize /mo ve th e sel ecte d par titi on on the toolba r. 3. Resize t he par[...]

Manual Partition Oper ations 44 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 Acronis Dis k Direct or Serve r features a wizard for performing more complex partition re sizing (see 4.2 « Increasing Pa rtition»). Simple pa rtition resizing lets you in crease partition size only if there is free ( unallocated) spa ce before or a fter a partition. The[...]

Manual Partition Oper ations Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 45 Selecting folders to be moved 4. Distrib ute the so urc e partit ion free space b etween the two r esulting partitions . Distri buting the source p artition fr ee space Please keep in mind, that yo u are distributing n ot overall partit ion size, but just free space at this[...]

Manual Partition Oper ations 46 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 5. By clicking Proceed , you'll add a p ending op erati on (you r actio ns may only undo or modify already existi ng op eration; see 3.4. 5 « Modi fying pe ndin g operati ons » ). The new partitio n structure will be graphically represented in the Acronis D isk Direc[...]

Manual Partition Oper ations Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 47 Merging an NTFS partition to a partition with file system not supporting se curity options (for example, FAT32 partition), will result in loss of security setting s (partition ownership data and access permis sions). With the oppo site actio n (merging a no n - secured part[...]

Manual Partition Oper ations 48 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 The Exp lore operation shows the real partiti on contents, read from the disk. If there are some operat ion s pending, like splitting a pa rtition, you will not be ab le to explor e parti tion s until the op era tion s are committed o r canceled. However, opera tions on fol[...]

Manual Partition Oper ations Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 49 2. Select Disk  F orm at or a simi lar item in the Operations sidebar list , or cl ick For mat the sel ect ed p artit io n on the toolbar. 3. Enter the partit ion label in the Format Partiti on window. Format Par tition window 4. Select a fil e system to be created on a [...]

Manual Partition Oper ations 50 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 5.1.10 Deleting a partition After a partition is d elete d, its space is adde d to unal located disk space . It can be u sed for a new partition or to resize an exist ing partition. If you nee d to del ete a part i tion: 1. Select a hard disk and a partitio n to be deleted.[...]

Manual Partition Oper ations Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 51 Attention! Deleti ng a partition dest roys all its data, includi ng files and folders! Dele t ing a system partition will make a PC inopera ble. Take spe cial care when perf orming this operation. Deleting a partitio n Windows 98/ Me ca n change the order o f letters assig [...]

Manual Partition Oper ations 52 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 Parti tion check results window 5.1.12 Defragmenting a partition Defragmentation is r eorganizing file storage on a hard disk par tition. Defragmentation is the process of eliminating file fragmentati on, which causes files to be spread across t he disk after operations. Fi[...]

Manual Partition Oper ations Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 53 Run partiti on defragmentation window 4. Defragmentation result s are shown in the Defr agme nt Pa rtit ion wi ndow. Parti tion defragmenta tion resul ts window 5.1.13 Wiping unallocated hard disk space PC hard disks can contain a subst antial amount of confidential informa[...]

Manual Partition Oper ations 54 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 2. Select Disk  Wipe or a similar item in the Operations side bar list, or click Wi pe th e s e lected unalloca ted space on the too lbar. 3. In the Wip e Un allo cat ed Sp ace window, enter a number of disk passes (up to 99), For inform ation ab out the Acro nis Disk Di[...]

Manual Partition Oper ations Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 55 Hard disk cl earing paramet ers win dow 4. By clicking OK , you'll add a p ending operation of hard disk clearing. Deleting hard disk partit ions does not de stroy disk sect or contents. They ca n be r e stored by special mean s, if needed. Th erefore, if you n eed to [...]

Manual Partition Oper ations 56 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 Change le tte r window 4. By clicking OK in the Change letter window, you' ll add a pending op eration to partitio n letter assignment (your a ctio ns may onl y undo or modi fy alr eady exis ting oper ation; s ee 3.4. 5 « Modifying pendi ng o perations » ). The new p[...]

Manual Partition Oper ations Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 57 The main difference between FAT32 and FAT16 is the support of higher - capacity fo lders, files and disks, and more flexible root organiz ation that features unli m ited size and long file- name support. (For more details see A.9 « File System Main Specifications ». ) Con[...]

Manual Partition Oper ations 58 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 If you nee d to hid e a partiti on: 1. Select a dis k and a part ition to hide in t he list in the Acronis Disk Dire ctor Server main window. 2. Execut e op eratio n of partition hidi ng by selecting Di sk  A d vanced  Hide o r a similar item in the A dvanced sidebar [...]

Manual Partition Oper ations Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 59 2. Select Disk  Advanced  Unhide or a similar item in the A dvanced sidebar list, or click Unhide the selec ted partition on the toolbar (or select it from part ition or the graphical represent ation context menu). 3. B y clicking OK i n th e Unhide Partition window, [...]

Manual Partition Oper ations 60 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 Set A ctive Partition 3. By clicking OK in t he Set A ctive Parti tion window, you'll add the p ending operation of setting active parti tion ( your acti ons may only un do or modify an exis ting op eration . See 3.4. 5 « Modify ing pen ding operati ons » ). The new [...]

Manual Partition Oper ations Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 61 3. Ent er th e new ro ot si ze (a nu mber o f elem ent s) in th e Resiz e Root window. Resize FA T 16 root window FAT16 ca n contai n a maxim um of 65,520 elemen ts. 4. By clicking OK , you'll add the pending operation of FAT16 partition root r esizing (your act ions m[...]

Manual Partition Oper ations 62 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 Cluster size win dow 4. By entering a new clus ter size and clic king OK i n the Cl uster Size window, y ou'll add the pending oper ation of cl uster resiz ing ( your a ctions may only undo or mo dify an existi ng ope ration, See 3.4.5 « Modify ing pending operations [...]

Manual Partition Oper ations Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 63 Parti tion type window 4. By clicking OK in the Pa rtition type wi ndow, you'll add t he pending oper a tion of partitio n type changing ( your act ions m ay only undo or modi fy an e x isting operation, See 3.4.5 « Modifying pe nding operati ons » ). Attention! Ch a[...]

Manual Partition Oper ations 64 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 2. Select Disk  Advanced  Change By tes per i- nod e o r a similar item in t he Advanced sidebar list, or cli ck Change t he number of by t es per i- node o n the too l bar (or select it from parti tion or the grap hical repres entation co n t ext menu). If you select[...]

Working in the command - line mod e Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 65 Chapter 6. W orking in the command - line mode Acronis Disk Di rector Serv er supports t he command -lin e mode for most important partitio n operations with diskdirecto rcmd.e xe utility . Using command -line mode you can: • Create p artition • Delet e parti tio[...]

Working in the command - line mod e 66 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 Deletes a p artiti on. /partition:[partition number] Supported opti ons: Specifies the part ition wil l be delet ed. The list of available partitions is pr ovided by /list command Partition numbers are specified as <dis k number> - <partit ion number>, e.[...]

Working with Acronis R ecovery Expert Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 67 Chapter 7. W orking with Ac ronis Recovery Expert Acronis Recove ry Exp ert allows recovery of hard disk partitions accidentally d e leted or damaged due to a hardware or software fail ure. It uses a wizard inte r face. You can run Acronis Recovery E xpert in the f[...]

Working with Acronis R ecovery Expert 68 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 Acronis Reco very Exp ert checks to see if your hard disks contain unallocated space. If y ou have no ne , then it makes no sense to search for delet ed partitio ns. If you have unallocated space, it m ay hav e contained one or more partitions. Acronis Recovery Exp[...]

Working with Acronis R ecovery Expert Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 69 Delete d partitions searc h progress The information about hard disk partitions is st ored in a specia l disk area – the 1 st s ector o f 0 th cyli nder, 0 th hea d – call ed the partition table. This sector is called a boot se ctor or the master boot record ( [...]

Working with Acronis R ecovery Expert 70 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 A deleted partition found Note that you do not have to select parti tions for recovery in the automatic mode. Acro nis Recove ry Exper t will re cover all part itions found. The Re cove re d Par tit ions wind ow shows a partition t o recover as a part of hard di sk[...]

Working with Acronis R ecovery Expert Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 71 If you exit Acr onis Di sk Dir ecto r Server witho ut confir ming the partiti on reco very ope ration, it will be ca n cel ed. 7.2 Manual Recovery Set the switch to Manua l in t he Recov er y mode window to select the manual r e covery mode. Selecting manual recove[...]

Working with Acronis R ecovery Expert 72 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 Searchi ng method selection The Searching for Deleted Partitions window shows you paramet ers of a pa r tition th at exist ed on the select ed unallocated space befor e it was deleted. A deleted hard disk partition fo und by Acronis Recovery Exp ert Unlike in the a[...]

Working with Acronis R ecovery Expert Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 73 The manual recovery mo de allows you to select a ll found partitions for recovery. For example, if one of your part itions was deleted intentionally and another b y mistake, the manual mo de enables y ou to select and recov er only the partition y ou deleted by mis[...]

Working with Acronis Dis k Editor 74 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 Chapter 8. W orking with Ac ronis Disk Editor 8.1 Gene ral info rmat ion Acronis Disk E dito r is a professional - grad e program that performs a vari ety of a c tions on a hard disk: restore boot record s and files and fo lder structure, find lost clust ers, remove co[...]

Working with Acronis Disk Editor Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 75 8.3 Main Wi ndo w of the Program The main window shows t he numbers of disk and s ector where the inter nal pr o gr am cursor is positioned . It usually contains information about the work of var i ous modes. Below the main window of the program is the view as pa r titi[...]

Working with Acronis Dis k Editor 76 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 The current editing position is shown by the curso r that can be either in t he left or right part of the window In this section of the guide, a ll examples of A cronis Disk Editor’s main window vi ew modes are given for demonstrat ion purposes. The main menu of Acro[...]

Working with Acronis Disk Editor Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 77 see that the Save sector item in Edit menu will become e n abled as well as the appropri ate toolbar button . If you do not sav e your c hanges , you e ffect ively re ject th em. Save sector ope ration If you have made chan ges in a hard disk sect or and decide t o exit[...]

Working with Acronis Dis k Editor 78 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 Write to a fi le To read a block from a file and insert it into a disk sector, y ou must place the cursor on the necess ary sect or byte an d then sele ct Read fro m file… menu item. T he selecti on of this menu item will result in o pening the Rea d from file window[...]

Working with Acronis Disk Editor Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 79 View men u The edit or offers sev en view modes: • hex • partitio n table • FAT16 boot sector • FAT32 boot sector • FAT32 FS info sector • NTFS bo ot sector • FAT folder 8.7 Search The Search menu allows you to s earch a hard disk for some li ne and to go [...]

Working with Acronis Dis k Editor 80 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 The Searc h d ialog window A search line can be set both as char and numeric (hexadecimal) value s . Du r ing a s earch, you can ignore letter case as well as search for a given line at a g iven offset inside t he sector . During a search, disk d ata is interpreted acc[...]

Working with Acronis Disk Editor Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 81 8.8 Working w ith Differ ent Encodings The main window of the p rogram features a lis t of encodings av ailable in Acronis Disk Edi tor . This list is shown closed and dro pped dow n below . The clo sed and dr opped - down list of enco dings The list of encod ings is in[...]

Bootable Media Builder 82 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 Chapter 9. B ootable Media Builder 9.1 Gene ral info rmat ion There are s ituations in which you mig ht have to run Acronis Disk Directo r Server without boot ing either oper ating system : • i n order t o use Acronis Disk Direct or Server o n a non - Windows system, for exampl[...]

Bootable Media Builder Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 83 Selecting components to place on the bootable media Ac ronis Disk Director Serve r offers the following components : • Disk Dire ctor full v ersion Includes support of USB, PC Card and SCSI interfaces along with the storage devices connected via them, t herefore is hig hly rec [...]

Bootable Media Builder 84 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 Selecting type of the bootable media 4. If you are creat ing a C D, diskettes or a ny removable me dia, inse rt the blank dis k so the program c an d etermine it s capacity . If you chos e to create a bootabl e disk ISO image, specify t he ISO file name and the folder where to pl[...]

H ard Disk And File Systems Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 85 Appendix A. Hard Disk And File Systems These a pp endices contain additional information about hard disk construction and d ata storage, p artitions, file systems and interaction of operating systems with hard disks. A. 1 Hard Disk Organization All hard driv es have basicall[...]

Hard Disk And File Sys tems 86 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 A. 2 Hard Disk Partition After low - level fo rmatting crea tes disk se ctors, partit ions must b e created on t he disk . A p artitio n is an area on a hard disk t hat can be used to install an operating s y s te m and/or used as data storage. Creating separate sections on [...]

H ard Disk And File Systems Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 87 • Create a primary partit ion with a sing le logical dis k • Create an extended p artition and divide it into logical partitions (disks) • Set the active partition (a partition to boot an operating system from) Typical hard disk part ition structure can look like: MBR [...]

Hard Disk And File Sys tems 88 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 A. 5 Extended Partiti ons The extended har d disk partitio n was developed as a way to av oid the four - primary - partitio ns limit. The extended partiti on is used only for creating a d e sired number of log ica l par titio ns . An ext ended partition d oes not contain any[...]

H ard Disk And File Systems Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 89 A. 8 File Sy stems The log ica l structure that has been created on the hard disk is s upported by means of the operating sy stem. The file syst em itself prese nts the inform a tion on the disk as an ensemble o f files and f olde rs . For the user, a file is a unit of stor [...]

Hard Disk And File Sys tems 90 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 Table 1. Windows file systems. File sy stem FAT 16 FAT 32 NTFS Operating sys tems Almost all Windows 95OS R2/98/Me, 2000/XP , Linux Windows NT/2000/ XP, Linux (for reading) Max. partition siz e 4 GB (2 G B for Windows 95OS R2/98/Me ) 2 TB 16 EB Max. file size Limited by part[...]

H ard Disk And File Systems Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 91 A .9.2 F AT 1 6 The FAT16 file sy stem is widely used by DOS (DR - DOS, MS - DOS, PC - DOS, etc.), Wi ndows 95/98/Me, Windows NT/2000/XP operating systems and is supported by most other systems. Main features of FAT 16 a re t he file allocation table (FAT) and clusters. The [...]

Hard Disk And File Sys tems 92 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 A .9.3 F AT 3 2 The FAT32 file sy stem appeared in Windows 95 OSR2 and is als o sup ported by Win dows 98/Me and Windows 2000/XP. FAT32 gr ew out of FAT16. The main di f ferences between FAT32 and FAT16 are 28 - bit cluster numbers and more flexible root fold er implementati[...]

Glossary Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 93 Appendix B. Glossary Abso lu te se ctor . All the secto rs of a hard disk can be numbered sequentially , starting with zero. Such numbered secto rs are called absolute. A ctive pa rtition . One of the primary partitions of a hard disk is usually active. D e fault MBR code tries to boot an oper[...]

Glossary 94 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 Cylinder . A g roup of all the tracks on all the magnetic platt ers of a hard disk that can be accessed without mov ing th e magnet ic head. A ccess to t he data ins ide on e cylinder i s much faster than moving the head from one cylinder t o another. Disc . A non - magnetic storage media (com[...]

Glossary Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 95 Hidden partition . A part ition that is somehow made inv isible to the operat ing sy s te m. Usually parti tions are hidden by changing their type. Label . An opt ional name that can be assigned t o a partit ion to simplify its ident i fication. Usually has the same limi tation as file names. [...]

Glossary 96 Copyright © Acronis, Inc ., 2000 – 20 10 MBR can contain not m ore than one partiti on entry and one table entr y . This simplifies the pa rtition structure grea tly – all the logical part i tions form one chain. Partit ion tabl e . It is the table that contains the information about partitions and links to other partit ion tables.[...]