Agilent Technologies U2761A manuale d’uso

Agilent T echnologies Agilent U2761A USB Modular Function/Arbitrary W aveform Generator User’ s Guide[...]

II U2761A User’s Guide Notices © Agilent T echnologies, Inc., 2008-2009 N o p a rt o f t h i s m a n u a l m a y be r e p r o d u c e d i n any form or by any means (including elec- tronic storage and retrieval or translation into a foreign language) without prior agree- ment and written consen t from Agilent T echnologies, Inc. as governed by U[...]

U2761A User’s Guide III Safety Symbols The following symbols on the instrumen t and in the documentation indicate precautions which must be ta ken to mai ntain safe operation of the instrument. Direct current ( DC) Equipment p rotected througho ut by double insu lation or reinforce d insulation Alternatin g current (AC) Off (supply) Both direct a[...]

IV U2761A User’s Guide General Safety Information The following gene ral safety precauti ons must be observed during all phases of operation of this in strument. Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere in this manu al violates safety standa rds of design, manufacture and intended use of the instrument. Agilent[...]

U2761A User’s Guide V Environment Conditions This instrument is desi gned for indoor use and in the ar ea with low condensation. The table below s hows the general environmental requirements for this instrument. Environment conditions Requirements Operating temperatu re 0 °C to 50 °C Operating humidity 20 to 85% RH non-condensing Storage tempe [...]

VI U2761A User’s Guide Regulatory Markings The CE mark is a registered trademark of the European Community . This CE mark shows that the product compl ies with all the re levant European Lega l Directives. The C-tick mark is a regist ered trademar k of the Spectr um Management Agency of Australia. This sign ifies complianc e with the Australia EM[...]

U2761A User’s Guide VII W a ste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive 2002/96/EC This instrument complies with the WEEE Directive (2002/96/EC) marking requirement. This af fixed product labe l indicates that you must not discard this electrical/ele ctronic produc t in domestic household waste. Product Category: With reference to th[...]

VIII U2761A User’s Guide Declaration of Conformity DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY According to EN ISO/IEC 17050-1:2004 Generic example Manufacturer’s Name: Agilent Tec hnologies Microwav e Products (M) S dn. Bhd Manufacturer’s A ddress: Bayan Lepas F ree Industrial Zo ne, 11900, Bayan Lepas, Pena ng, Malaysia Declares under sole responsibility tha[...]

U2761A User’s Guide IX Product Regulations Performance Criteria IEC 61326- 1:2002 / EN 6132 6-1:1997+A 1:1998 + A2: 2001+ A3:2 003 CISPR 11:1 990 / EN 55011: 1990 – Group 1 Class A IEC 61000- 4-2:1995 / EN 6 1000-4-2:19 95 (ESD 4kV CD, 8kV AD) A IEC 61000- 4-3:1995 / EN 6 1000-4-3:19 96 (3V/m, 80% AM) A IEC 61000- 4-4:1995 / EN 6 1000-4-4:19 95[...]

X U2761A User’s Guide In This Guide… 1G e t t i n g S t a r t e d In this chapter , you prepare your syst em for installation and conf iguration to get started with the U2761A. 2 Features and Functions In this chapter , you wi ll learn about the functions and features offered by the U2761A. 3 Characteristics and Specifications In this chapter ,[...]

U2761A User's Guide XI Contents 1G e t t i n g S t a r t e d 1 Introduction 2 Product at a Glance 3 Product Outlook 3 Product Dimensions 5 Dimensions Without Bumpers 5 Dimensions With Bumpers 6 Standard Purchase Items 7 Inspection and Maintenance 8 Initial Inspection 8 Electrical Check 8 General Maintenance 8 Installation and Configuration 9 I[...]

XII U2761A User's Guide Output Frequency 29 Output Amplitude 31 DC Offset V oltage 33 Output Units 35 Output T ermination 36 Duty Cycle (Square W aves) 38 Symmetry (Ramp W ave) 40 Output Control 41 Set Output Using SCPI Commands 42 Pulse W aveform 45 Pulse Period 45 Pulse Width 46 Pulse Duty Cycle 47 Generate Pulse W aveform Using SCPI Command[...]

U2761A User's Guide XIII To S e l e c t P M 61 Carrier W aveform 62 Carrier Frequency 63 Modulating W aveform 64 Modulating W aveform Frequency 64 Phase Deviation 65 Generate PM Using SCPI Commands 65 Frequency -Shift Keying (FSK) Modulation 66 T o Select FSK Modulation 66 Carrier W aveform 67 FSK Carrier Frequency 68 FSK “Hop” Frequency 6[...]

XIV U2761A User's Guide Sweep T rigger Source 83 Set Frequency Sweep Using SCPI Commands 84 Tr i g g e r i n g 85 T rigger Source Choices 85 Internal T riggering 86 Manual T riggering 86 External T riggering 87 T rigger Input Signal 88 T rigger Output Signal 88 Set T riggering Using SCPI Commands 90 Arbitrary W aveforms 91 T o Create and Store[...]

U2761A User’s Guide XV List of Figures Figure 1-1 55-pin backplane connect or pin configuration 23 Figure 2-1 U2761A soft front panel 28 Figure 2-2 T op panel view of the U2761A 29 Figure 2-3 Panel view of the frequency section 30 Figure 2-4 Panel view of the amplitud e section 32 Figure 2-5 Panel view of the DC offset section 34 Figure 2-6 Panel[...]

XVI U2761A User’s Guide Figure 2-30 T rigger output pulse 88 Figure 2-31 Ramp waveform 91 Figure 2-32 W aveform download in progress 93[...]

U2761A User’s Guide XVII List of T ables Ta b l e 1-1 Synchronous Simultaneous Inte rface (SSI) connector pin description 23 Ta b l e 2-1 Output functions 26 Ta b l e 2-2 Output frequency range 29 Ta b l e 2-3 Carrier frequency for AM 51 Ta b l e 2-4 Carrier frequency for FM 57 Ta b l e 2-5 Carrier frequency for PM 63 Ta b l e 2-6 Carrier frequen[...]

XVIII U2761A User’s Guide[...]

1 Agilent T echnologies Agilent U2761A USB Modular Function/Arbitrary Waveform Generator User’s Guide 1 Getting Started Introduction 2 Product at a Glance 3 Product Dimensions 5 Standard P urchase Items 7 Inspection and Ma intenance 8 Installation and Configuration 9 This chapter pro vides t he introduction of the U27 61A that helps y ou get acqu[...]

2 U2761A User’s Guide 1G e t t i n g S t a r t e d Introduction The U27 61A is a 20 MHz USB modular function generat or with Arbitrar y wavef orm and pulse generation capabilities. It can operate as a standalone unit or as par t of a modular unit when used with the U2781A USB modular instr ument chassis. The U27 61A adopts the latest direct digit[...]

Getting Started 1 U2761A User’s Guide 3 Product at a Glance Product Outlook To p V i e w Bumpers[...]

4 U2761A User’s Guide 1G e t t i n g S t a r t e d Front Vi ew Rear View USB indicator Power indicator 10 MHz reference connector T rigger in connector T rigger out connector Output connector Fan V entilation Power inlet USB inlet Fastening hole for USB cable with locking mechanism 55-pin backplane connector[...]

Getting Started 1 U2761A User’s Guide 5 Product Dimensions Dimensions Without Bumpers To p V i e w 105.00 mm 175.00 mm 18.00 mm Front View 25.00 mm[...]

6 U2761A User’s Guide 1G e t t i n g S t a r t e d Dimensions With Bumpers To p V i e w 117.00 mm 180.00 mm 15.00 mm Front View 41.00 mm[...]

Getting Started 1 U2761A User’s Guide 7 Standard Purchase Items V erify the f ollo wing it ems f or t he stan dard pur chase of th e U27 61A. If there are any missing or mechanicall y damaged items, cont act the nearest Ag ilent Sales Off ice. ✔ 12 V , 2 A A C/DC po wer adapter ✔ Powe r c o r d ✔ USB Standard - A to Mini - B inter face cabl[...]

8 U2761A User’s Guide 1G e t t i n g S t a r t e d Inspection and Maintenance Initial Inspection When y ou receive y our U27 61A, inspec t t he unit f or an y obvious damage such as brok en ter minals or crack s, dents, and scratches on the casing t hat ma y occur during shipment. If any damage is found, notify the nearest Agilent Sales Off ice i[...]

Getting Started 1 U2761A User’s Guide 9 Installation and Configuration Installation F ollow the step - by - step instr uctions sho wn in the follo wing f low chart t o get star ted with the preparations and installations of your U27 61A. NOTE Y ou need to ins tall the IVI-COM driver if you are going to use the U2761A with Agilent VEE Pro, LabVIEW[...]

10 U2761A User’s Guide 1G e t t i n g S t a r t e d A. Check Y our System Prior to any installation or conf ig uration, please ensure th at your PC meets t he f ollo wing minimum syst em requirements. Processor 1.6 GHz P entium® IV or higher Operating system Windo ws® XP Prof essional or Home Edition (Service Pack 1 or later), or Windo ws® 200[...]

Getting Started 1 U2761A User’s Guide 11 B. Install the IO Libraries Suite The IO Libraries Suit e 14.2 or higher is a vailable on t he A gilent Automation - Ready CD that comes wit h t he standard purchase of the U27 61A. 1 Close all other applications on y our PC, inser t the Ag i l en t Au t o m a ti o n - Ready CD int o your CD - ROM driv e, [...]

12 U2761A User’s Guide 1G e t t i n g S t a r t e d C. Install the Module Driver 1 V erify that your PC meets the minimum sy st em requirements as stated in “A. Check Y our Syst em” on page 10. 2 Insert t he Pro duct Refer ence CD - ROM int o y our CD - ROM drive. 3 The installer will automatically launch th e Agilent Modular Products Install[...]

Getting Started 1 U2761A User’s Guide 13 6 Click Install to be gin th e in stall atio n. F ol lo w th e instruc tions on t he screen to proceed with t he installati on. 7 Click Finish when the inst allation has comp lete d. D. Install the Agilent Measurement Manager 1 If you ha ve done “C. Install the Module Driver” on page 12, proceed to Ste[...]

14 U2761A User’s Guide 1G e t t i n g S t a r t e d 6 Click OK to b egi n the i nstal lati on o f the l iste d mi ssin g prerequisites. 7 Once the above installation has completed, inst allation of the Measurement Manager sof tware will proceed as normal. 8 The Measurement Manager InstallShield Wizard dialog will appear . Click Next to b egi n. 9[...]

Getting Started 1 U2761A User’s Guide 15 E. Connect the Module to Y our PC 1 After the in stall atio ns ha v e co mp lete d, co nnec t the po we r cor d to the A C/DC po w er ad apter . T he A C/DC po w er adapter requirements are 100 to 240 V A C, 50/60 Hz, with an output vo lt age of +12 VDC. 2 Insert t he DC output plug from the A C/DC po wer [...]

16 U2761A User’s Guide 1G e t t i n g S t a r t e d 5 Select Install the software automatically (Recom mended) and click Next . 6 A warning message will appear on the Hardware Installation windo w . Click Continue Anyway to pro ceed with the installati on of the U27 61A.[...]

Getting Started 1 U2761A User’s Guide 17 7 Click Finish to com pl ete th e ins talla tion . NOTE If you do not wish to receive simi l ar warning messages in the future, follow the instructions belo w. • Go to Start > Control Panel and double-click Syste m. • Select the Hardware tab and c lick Driver Signing on the Drivers panel. The Driver[...]

18 U2761A User’s Guide 1G e t t i n g S t a r t e d 8 The Assign USB device alias windo w will appear . Each time the U27 61A is plugged in, this dialog box will appear . T o disable t his dialog, select t he Never show this dialog option in the Show this dialog panel and click OK . 9 F or modules other t han the U2300A Series, U2500A Series, U26[...]

Getting Started 1 U2761A User’s Guide 19 c Click Ye s to begin the f irmware do wnload. The f ollowing message bo x will appear indicating the do wnload in progress. d Y our U27 61A is ready for use once the firmware do wnload has completed. F . V erify Y our Module Connection The Agilent Connection Exper t is one of the utilities in the IO Libra[...]

20 U2761A User’s Guide 1G e t t i n g S t a r t e d 3 A context menu will appear as sho wn belo w and select Send Commands T o This Ins trument. 4 The Agilent Interactive IO dialog bo x will appear . Click Send & Read to send the *IDN? default command. The instrument’s respon se should appear in the Instrument Session History panel. 5 If th[...]

Getting Started 1 U2761A User’s Guide 21 G. Launch Y our Agilent Measurement Manager 1 Double - click the Measurement Manager software icon on y our desk top or go to Start > All Programs > Agilent > Modular Products > Agilent Measurement Manager to lau nch th e software. 2 The Measurement Manager welcome screen will appear . NOTE •[...]

22 U2761A User’s Guide 1G e t t i n g S t a r t e d 3 The Select USB Device dialog bo x will appear displaying the connected U27 61A devices. T o st art t he application, select a U27 61A device and click OK to establish the connection. NOTE For more infor mation on how to use the Me asurement Ma nager , refer to the Agilent Measurement Manager h[...]

Getting Started 1 U2761A User’s Guide 23 55-Pin Backplane Connector Pin Configuration The 55 - pin backplane connector is used when the U27 61A module is insert ed into t he U2781A USB modular instrument chassis. For more details, refer to t he A gilent U2781A USB Modular Instrument Chassis User's Guide . Figure 1-1 55-pin backplane connecto[...]

24 U2761A User’s Guide 1G e t t i n g S t a r t e d Chassis Installation The L - mount kit is to be inst alled to y our U27 61A module. The follo wing instruct ions describe th e simple procedure of inst alling the L - mount kit and your module in the U2781A chassis. 1 Unp a c k t h e L - mount kit from its packaging. 2 Remo ve your U27 61A modul[...]

25 Agilent T echnologies Agilent U2761A USB Modular Functi on/Arbitrary Waveform Generator User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Output Config uration 26 Pulse W aveform 45 Amplitude Modulation (AM) 49 Frequency Modulat ion (FM) 55 Phase Modulation (PM) 61 Frequency -Shift Keying (FSK) Modulation 66 Phase-Shift Keying (PSK) Modulation 71 Amplitud[...]

26 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Output Configuration Introduction This section contains t he info r mation to help you conf igure the U27 61A for outputting wav eforms. Y ou may not need to change some of the parameters d iscussed here, but they are pro vided so that you will ha ve accessibility when needed. Output Function The U2[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guide 27 Function Limitation If y ou change t o a function where the maximum frequen cy is less than the cur rent function, the frequency will be adjusted to the maximum value f or the new fu nction. F or example, if y ou are currently outputting a 20 MHz sine wa v e and then chan ge to the Ra mp func tion ,[...]

28 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Soft Front Panel Operation The f ollowing figure sho ws t he soft front panel of the U27 61A. Figure 2-1 U2 761A soft front panel W aveform pattern selection W aveform parameters[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guide 29 T o select a function, click any of the functions on the top panel as sho wn below . When a function is selected, the button will be illuminated. Figure 2-2 T op panel view of the U2761A Click Arb to o utpu t the A rbi trary wa v ef orm. Sel ect other Arbitrar y wa vef or m choices from the drop dow[...]

30 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Function Limitations If y ou change t o a function where the maximum frequen cy is less than the cur rent function, the frequency will be adjusted to the maximum value f or the new fu nction. F or example, if y ou are currently outputting a 20 MHz sine wa v e and then chan ge to the Ra mp func tion [...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guide 31 Remote Interface Operation FREQuency <frequency> Y ou can also use the APPLy comm and to sel ect the fu nct ion, frequency , amplitude, and offset. Output Amplitude The def ault amplitude is 1 Vpp (into 50 Ω ) fo r all functions . Offset V oltage Limitati ons The relation betw een t he output[...]

32 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Limits Due to Units Selection In some cases, the am plitude limits are d etermined by t he output units selec ted. This m a y occu r when the units are V rm s or dBm due to t he differences in crest fact or for the various output functions. F or exampl e, if you output a 2.5 V rms Square wav e (into[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guide 33 Remote Interface Operation VOLTage <amplitude> Or , y ou can set the amplitude by specifying a high lev el and lo w level using the follo wing commands. VOLTage:HIGH <voltage> VOLTage:LOW <voltage> Y ou can also use the APPLy comm and to sel ect the fu nct ion, frequency , amplitud[...]

34 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Soft Front Panel Operation On the Of fset panel as sho wn in Fig ur e 2- 5 , input the desired offset value and select t he unit from the drop do wn list. Figure 2-5 Panel view of the DC offset section Remote Interface Operation VOLTage:OFFSet <offset> Or , y ou can set the of fset by specifyi[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guide 35 Output Units This configuration applies to output amplitude only . A t po wer - on, the uni ts for output amplitude are v olts peak - to - peak. • The output units consist of Vpp, V rms, or dBm. The default unit is Vpp . • The unit setting is stored in volatile memor y. The units are set to “V[...]

36 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Output T ermination This config uration applies to outpu t am plitude and of fset vo lt age only. The U27 61A has a fix ed series output impedance of 50 Ω to the device output connector . If the actual load impedance is dif ferent from the specif ied value, the amplitude and offset lev els will be [...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guide 37 Soft Front Panel Operation Click T ools and select Wa v e f o r m G e n as shown in the f ollowing. Figure 2-6 Panel view of the T ools menu Then, select the Output S etup tab , input the desired load impedance value on the Im pedance Load panel and select the unit from the d rop do wn list, or sele[...]

38 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Duty Cycle (Square W aves) The duty cycle of a Square wave represents the amount of time per cycle that the Square wav e is at a high le vel (assuming t hat the wav eform is not inver ted). Figure 2-7 Square wave duty cycles Ref er t o “Pulse W avef orm ” o n pa g e 4 5 for t h e i nfo r m a t i[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guide 39 The duty cycle setting does not apply to a Square wav eform used as the modulating wavef orm f or AM, FM, or PM. A 50% duty cycle is alwa ys used f or a modulating Square wav eform. The duty cycle setting applies only to a Square wav eform carrier . Soft Front Panel Operation Aft er selecting Square[...]

40 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Symmetry (Ramp W ave) This configuration applies to Ramp wave only . Symmetr y represents th e amount of time per cy cle t hat the Ramp wav e is rising (assuming that t he wav eform is not invert ed). Figure 2-9 Ramp wave duty cycles • The symmetr y percent age is s tored in volatile memor y where[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guide 41 Remote Interface Operation FUNCtion:RAMP:SYMMetry <percent> The APPLy comm and a utoma tic all y se ts the symm etry to 100%. Output Control Y ou can disable or enable the sof t front panel output control. By default, the outp u t i s d i s a b l e d a t p o w e r - on. When enabled, the Ou tp[...]

42 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Remote Interface Operation OUTPut {0|OFF|1|ON} The APPLy command ov er rides the current setting and automatically enables the output control. Set Output Using SCPI Commands The follo wing SCPI commands sho w a sample procedure of generating output. Example 1, To output a DC voltage -> *CLS ; *RS[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guide 43 Example 2, To output a Sine wav e Example 3, To output a Square wav e -> *CLS ; *RST // T o r ese t the U 27 61 A to d efau lt po wer - on stat e, this com mand can be ignored if t his operation is not required. -> FUNC SIN // Sets t he output to Sine wa ve. -> VOLT 5 VPP // Sets t he outpu[...]

44 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Example 4, To output a Ramp wav e -> *CLS ; *RST // T o r eset the U2 7 61A to def aul t po wer - on state, this command can be ignore d if this operation is not required. -> FUNC RAMP // Sets t he output to Ramp wa ve. -> VOLT 5 VPP // Sets t he output am plitude to 5 Vpp. -> FREQ 10000[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guide 45 Pulse W aveform As sho wn below , a Pulse wav eform consists of a period, a pulse width, a rising edge, and a falling edge. Figure 2-12 Pulse waveform Pulse Period The range of the pulse period is from 200 ns to 2000 s. The default value is 1 ms . The U27 61A will adjusts the pulse width as necessar[...]

46 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Pulse Width The pulse width repr esents the time from the 50% t hreshold of the pulse’s rising edge to t he 50% threshold of the next falling edge. • The range of the pulse width is 40 ns to <2000 s (see restrictions belo w). The default pulse widt h is 500 μ s . • The minimum pulse width [...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guide 47 Pulse Duty Cycle The pulse duty cy cle is defined as: Duty Cycle = 100 × Pulse Width / P eriod where the pulse width represents t he time from the 50% thre sho ld of the ri sin g ed ge of the pu lse to the 5 0% threshold of the next falling edge. • Pulse duty cycle: >0% t o <100% (see restr[...]

48 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Generate Pulse W aveform Using SCPI Commands Example 1 -> *CLS ; *RST // T o r eset the U2 7 61A to def aul t po wer - on state, this command can be ignore d if this operation is not required. -> FUNC PULS // Sets t he output to Pulse wa ve. -> VOLT 5 VPP // Sets t he output am plitude to 5[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guide 49 Amplitude Modulation (AM) A modulated wav eform consists of a car rier wav eform and a modulating wa vefo r m. An example of th e AM wa vef or m is sho wn in F igure 2- 14 . In AM, th e am pli tude of th e carr ier i s varied by the instantaneous voltage of the modulating wav eform. The amount of am[...]

50 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Soft Front Panel Operation Click Mod and then select AM as shown in Figure 2- 15 . T o output the AM wavef or m, confi gure the settings for the carrier freque ncy , modulating frequency , depth, ou tput amplitude, offset voltage, and the desire d wav eform. Figure 2-15 Panel view of AM Remote Inter[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guide 51 Figure 2-16 Panel view of the Arbitrary wavef orm Remote Interface Operation FUNCtion {SINusoid|SQUare|RAMP|USER} Y ou can also use the APPLy comm and to sel ect the fu nct ion, frequency , amplitude, and offset. Carrier Frequency The maximum ca r rier frequency depends on the selected function as s[...]

52 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Soft Front Panel Operation On the F requency panel as sho wn in Figu re 2- 3 , input the desired frequency value and select the unit from the drop do wn list. Remote Interface Operation FREQuency <frequency> Y ou can also use the APPLy comm and to sel ect the fu nct ion, frequency , amplitude,[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guide 53 Modulating W aveform Frequency The range of the modulating wav eform frequency is 2 mHz to 20 kHz. The default modulat ing waveform frequency is 100 Hz . Soft Front Panel Operation On the Mod F requency panel as sho wn in Fi gure 2- 15 , input the desired modulating frequency value and select the un[...]

54 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Generate AM Using SCPI Commands Example 1 -> *CLS ; *RST // T o r eset the U2 7 61A to def aul t po wer - on state, this command can be ignore d if this operation is not required. -> AM:STAT ON // Enables AM. -> FUNC SQU // Se ts the carr ier w av ef orm to Square wa ve. -> FREQ 2000 // [...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guide 55 Frequency Modulation (FM) A modulated wav eform consists of a car rier wav eform and a modulating wav eform. Belo w shows an exam ple of the FM wav eform. In FM, the frequency of t he carrier is varied by the instant aneous voltage of the modulating wav eform. The variation in frequency of the mo du[...]

56 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Soft Front Panel Operation Click Mod and then select FM as sho wn in Figure 2- 18 . T o output the FM wav eform, conf igure the settings for the carrier frequenc y , output am plitude, of fset vo lt age, modulating frequency , deviation, and the desired wav eform. Figure 2-18 Panel view of FM Remote[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guide 57 Remote Interface Operation FUNCtion {SINusoid|SQUare|RAMP|USER} Y ou can also use the APPLy comm and to sel ect the fu nct ion, frequency , amplitude, and offset. Carrier Frequency The maximum ca r rier frequency depends on the selected function as sho wn below . The default is 1 kHz f or all functi[...]

58 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Soft Front Panel Operation On the F requency panel as sho wn in Figu re 2- 3 , input the desired frequency value and select the unit from the drop do wn list. Remote Interface Operation FREQuency <frequency> Y ou can also use the APPLy comm and to sel ect the fu nct ion, frequency , amplitude,[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guide 59 Modulating W aveform Frequency The range of the modulating wav eform frequency is 2 mHz to 20 kHz. The default modulat ing waveform frequency is 100 Hz . Soft Front Panel Operation On the Mod F requency panel as sho wn in Fi gure 2- 18 , input the desired modulating frequency value and select the un[...]

60 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Soft Front Panel Operation On the Deviation panel as sho wn in F igure 2- 18 , input the desired frequency deviation valu e and select the unit from the d rop do wn l ist . Remote Interface Operation FM:DEViation <peak deviation in Hz> Generate FM Using SCPI Commands Example 1 -> *CLS ; *RS[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guide 61 Phase Modulation (PM) A modulated wav eform consists of a car rier wav eform and a modulating wa vef orm. The follo wing figure sho ws an exam ple of a PM wav eform. PM is ver y similar to FM, but in PM, t he phase of the mo dula ted w av ef orm is va ried b y the instant aneous voltage of the modul[...]

62 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Soft Front Panel Operation Click Mod and then select PM as shown in Figure 2- 20 . T o output the PM wav eform, configure t he settings for the carrier frequenc y , output am plitude, of fset vo lt age, modulating frequenc y , phase deviation, and the desired wav eform. Figure 2-20 Panel view of PM [...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guide 63 Remote Interface Operation FUNCtion {SINusoid|SQUare|RAMP|USER} Y ou can also use the APPLy comm and to sel ect the fu nct ion, frequency , amplitude, and offset. Carrier Frequency The maximum carrier freq uency depends on the function selected as shown belo w . The default carrier frequency is 1 kH[...]

64 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Modulating W aveform The modulating wav eform consists of Sine, Square, Ramp, Negativ e Ramp (Nramp ), T riangle, or Arbitrar y wav eform. The default wavef orm is Sine wave . • Square has 50% duty cycle • Ramp has 100% symmetry • Triang le has 50% symmetr y • Negativ e Ramp has 0% symmetr y[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guide 65 Phase Deviation The phase devia tion setting repr esents th e peak variation in pha se o f the m odul ated wa ve fo rm fr om the carri er wav eform. The phase deviation setting can be set from 0 to 360 ° . The def ault phase de viation setting is 180 ° . Soft Front Panel Operation On the Phase Dev[...]

66 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Frequency -Shift Keying (FSK) Modulation FSK is si mila r to FM ex cep t that th e fre quen cy al ternate s between tw o preset values. Y ou can configure the U2761 A t o “shift” its output frequency between tw o preset values using FSK modulation. An example of the FSK modulation wav eform is s[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guide 67 Soft Front Panel Operation Click Mod and select FSK as sho wn in Figure 2- 22 . T o output the F SK wav eform, conf igure the settings for the carrier frequenc y , output am plitude, of fset vo lt age, “hop frequency”, and FSK rate. Figure 2-22 Panel view of FSK Remote Interface Operation FSKey:[...]

68 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Remote Interface Operation FUNCtion {SINusoid|SQUare|RAMP|USER} Y ou can also use the APPLy comm and to sel ect the fu nct ion, frequency , amplitude, and offset. FSK Carrier Frequency The maximum carrier freq uency depends on the function selected as shown belo w . The default carrier frequency is [...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guide 69 FSK “Hop” Frequency The maximum alternate (or “hop”) frequency depends on the function selected as sho wn below . The defau lt “hop” frequency is 100 Hz f or all functions . Only Square wa ve with a 50% duty cycle is a vailable f or t he Internal FSK modulating wavef orm. Soft Front Pane[...]

70 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions FSK Rate The FSK rate is the rate at which the output frequency “shifts” between the car rier frequency and t he hop frequency. • The range of the FSK rat e is 2 mHz to 100 kHz. The default FSK r ate value is 10 Hz . Soft Front Panel Operation On the FSK Rate panel as shown in Figure 2- 22 , i[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guide 71 Phase-Shift Keying (PSK) Modulation Phase - shift keying (PSK) is a form of digit al modulation in which the phase of the car rier signal is discretely varied. Y ou can conf igure t he U27 61A to “shift” its ou tput phase between tw o preset phases using PSK. The rat e at which th e output shif [...]

72 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Soft Front Panel Operation Click Mod and then select PSK as sho wn in Figure 2- 24 . T o output the PS K wav eform, conf igure th e settings for the carrier frequenc y , output am plitude, of fset vo lt age, deviation, and PSK rate. Figure 2-24 Panel view of PSK Remote Interface Operation PSKey:STAT[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guide 73 Remote Interface Operation FUNCtion {SINusoid|SQUare|RAMP|USER} Y ou can also use the APPLy comm and to sel ect the fu nct ion, frequency , amplitude, and offset. PSK Carrier Frequency The maximum carrier freq uency depends on the function selected as shown belo w . The def ault is 1 kHz f or all fu[...]

74 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions PSK Rate The PSK r ate i s the r ate at whic h the o utpu t ph ase “ shift s” between tw o preset phases. The range of the PSK rate is 2 mHz to 100 kHz. The default PSK r ate value is 10 Hz. Soft Front Panel Operation On th e PS K Rate pan el as sho w n in Fi gure 2- 2 4 , input the des ire d PS[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guide 75 Generate PSK Modulation Using SCPI Commands Example 1 -> *CLS ; *RST //To rese t the U 27 61 A to default po wer - on st ate, th is command can be ignored if this operation is not required. -> PSK:STAT ON // Enables PSK modulation. -> FUNC SIN //Set s th e ca rri er w a ve f orm t o Sine wa[...]

76 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Amplitude-Shift Keying (ASK) Modulation ASK is a f or m of digit al modulation in which t he modulating signal apply variations in the amplitude of a carrier signal. The amplitude of the carrie r signal varies simultaneou sly with the modulating sign al while phase and frequency remain constan t. In[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guide 77 Soft Front Panel Operation Click Mod and th en select ASK as sho wn in Figure 2- 26 . T o output the ASK wav eform, conf igure the settings for the carrier frequenc y , output am plitude, of fset vo lt age, and ASK rate. Figure 2-26 Panel view of ASK Remote Interface Operation ASKey:STATe {0|OFF|1|O[...]

78 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Remote Interface Operation FUNCtion {SINusoid|SQUare|RAMP|USER} Y ou can also use the APPLy comm and to sel ect the fu nct ion, frequency , amplitude, and offset. Carrier Frequency The maximum carrier freq uency depends on the function selected as shown belo w . The def ault is 1 kHz f or all functi[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guide 79 ASK Rate The ASK rate i s the rate at wh ich the ou tput am plit ude “shifts” between two preset amplitudes. The range of the ASK rate is 2 mHz t o 100 kHz. The def ault ASK rate value is 10 Hz . Soft Front Panel Operation On th e AS K Rate pan el as sho wn in Figure 2- 26 , input the desired AS[...]

80 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Frequency Sweep In the frequency sweep mode, t he U27 61A “steps ” from the star t frequency to the stop frequency at a sw eep rate which you specify. Y ou can sweep up or do wn in frequency , and with eit her linear or logarithm ic spacing. Y ou can also configure t he U27 61A to output a singl[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guide 81 Figure 2-28 Panel view of sweep Remote Interface Operation SWEep:STATe {0|OFF|1|ON} Start Frequency and Stop Frequency The star t frequency and stop frequency sets the upper and lo wer frequency bounds for the sweep. The U27 61A begins at the start fre que ncy , sw ee ps to th e sto p fre quen cy , [...]

82 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Remote Interface Operation FREQuency:STARt <frequency> FREQuency:STOP <frequency> Sweep Mode Y ou can sweep wit h either li near or logarithmic spacing. F or a linear sweep, the U27 61A varies the output frequency in a linear fashion during the sweep. F or a logarithmic sweep, the U27 61[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guide 83 Soft Front Panel Operation On the Sweep Time panel as shown in Figure 2- 28 , input the desired sweep time and select the unit from the drop do wn list. Remote Interface Operation SWEep:TIME <seconds> Sweep T rigger Source In the sweep mode, the U27 61A outputs a single sweep when a trigger si[...]

84 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions T o specify whet her the U27 61A is triggered on t he rising or falling edge of the si gnal from the Trig In connec tor , select Positive for rising edge triggering and Negative for falling edge triggering. Remote Interface Operation TRIGger:SOURce {IMMediate|EXTernal|BUS} Use the follo wing com man[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guide 85 T riggering Applies to sweep only . Y ou can issue triggers for sw eeps using Inter nal (immediate) triggering, External triggering, or Manual (software) triggering. • Inter nal triggering is enabled when y ou turn on t he U27 61A. In t his mode, the U2761A outputs continuously when the sweep mode[...]

86 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Remote Interface Operation TRIGger:SOURce {IMMediate|EXTernal|BUS} Internal T riggering In the Int ernal trigger mode, the U2761A continuousl y performs frequency sweep (as specified by the sweep time). This is the defau lt trigger sour ce for both sof t front panel and remote inter face use. Soft F[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guide 87 Remote Interface Operation TRIGger:SOURce BUS When the BUS source is selected, send the TRIG or *TRG command t o trigger the U2761A. External T riggering In the Ex ternal trig ger mode , the U27 61 A ac cept s a hardware trigger applied to t he device Trig In conne ctor . The U27 61A initiates one s[...]

88 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions T rigger Input Signal Figure 2-29 T rigger input pulse The device connector is use d f or T riggered Sweep Mode, refer to “Sweep Tr igger Source” on page 83. When t he rising or falling edge of the TTL pulse is receive d on the T rig In connector , the U27 61A outputs a single sweep, refer to ?[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guide 89 When the Internal (immediate) trigger source is selec ted, the U27 61A outputs a Square wav eform with a 50% duty cycle to the T rig Out connector at the beginning of the sweep. The per iod of the Squ are w av ef o rm is e qual to the spec ified sweep time. When the Manual (software) trigger sour ce[...]

90 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions Set T riggering Using SCPI Commands Example 1 -> *CLS ; *RST // T o re set the U27 61A to default po wer - on st ate, this com mand can be ignored if t his operation is not required. -> FUNC SIN // Sets the car rier wa veform to Si ne wa v e. -> VOLT 5 VPP // Sets the output amplitude to 5 [...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guide 91 Arbitrary W aveforms There are three built - in Arbitrar y wav efo r ms offered. The U27 61A suppor ts the Arbitrar y wav eform up to 65536 (64K) data points. Y ou can create an Arbitrar y wav eform using t he soft front panel as described in the follo wing. F or fur ther in for ma ti o n, pl e as e[...]

92 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions 1 Select the Arbitrar y wav eform function. Click Arb to select the Arbitrar y function. 2 Set the wavef orm perio d. Select Period and use the numeric ke ypad or numeric drop do wn to set t he period for the wav eform. F or exampl e, set the period of the wa vef or m to 10 ms. 3 Set the wavef orm v[...]

Features and Functions 2 U2761A User’s Guide 93 6 Star t wavef orm editing process. C l i c k t o b e g i n t h e f r e e h a n d d r a w m o d e o r t o enable line dra w mode. To enable or disable the g rid reference, click . Then, star t drawing the desired wav eform. T o edit the wav eform, click either to add line/point(s), to edit point(s),[...]

94 U2761A User’s Guide 2 Features and Functions 8 Saving the wavef orm. To save th e w aveform for f utu re u se, cli ck . T hen , select Compatible With Intuilink and click . Input the desired file name and click to save the file. 9 Exiting the wavef orm edito r . T o exit t he wav eform edit or , click .[...]

95 Agilent T echnologies Agilent U2761A USB Modular Function/Arbitrary Waveform Generator User’s Guide 3 Characteristics and Specifications Product Characteristics 96 Product Specifications and Characteristics 97 This chapter specif ies the characteristics, environment al conditions, and specif ications of t he U2761A.[...]

96 U2761A User’s Guide 3 Characteristics and Specifications Product Characteristics REMOTE INTERF ACE • Hi-Speed USB 2.0 • USBTMC 488.2 Class de vice POWER CONSUMPTION • +12 VDC, 2 A • Isolated EL V power source OPERA T ING ENVIRONMENT • Operating temperature from 0 °C to 50 °C • Operating humidity at 20% to 85% RH (non-condensing) [...]

Characteristics and Specifications 3 U2761A User’s Guide 97 Product Specifications and Characteristics W A VEFORMS Standard Sine, Square, Ramp, T riangle, Pulse, DC Built-in arbit rary Exponential Rise , Exponential Fall, Negat ive Ramp W A VEFORM CHARACTERISTICS Sine Frequency range 1 μ Hz to 20 MHz (1 μ Hz resolution) Amplitude f latness 1 (r[...]

98 U2761A User’s Guide 3 Characteristics and Specifications Ramp, T riangle Frequency range 1 μ Hz to 200 kHz (1 μ Hz resolution) Linearity <0.2% of peak output Programmable symmetry 0% to 100% Pulse Frequency range 500 μ Hz to 5 MHz (1 μ Hz resolution) Pulse width (p eriod ≤ 10 s) 40 ns minimum, 10 ns resolution Overshoot <3% Jitter [...]

Characteristics and Specifications 3 U2761A User’s Guide 99 COMMON CHARACTERISTICS Amplitude Range 40 mVpp to 5 V pp (Into 50 Ω load) 80 mVpp to 10 V pp (Into open circuit) Accuracy 1 (across 50 Ω load at 1 kHz) ±1% of settling ±5 mV ( ± 10 mV @ Hi-Z) Units Vpp, V rms, dBm Resolution 4 digits DC offset Range ( peak AC + DC) ±2.5 V (I nto 50[...]

100 U2761A User’s Guide 3 Characteristics and Specifications MODULA TION AM Carrier waveforms Sine, Square, Ramp, Arbitrary Source Internal Internal modulation Sine, Square, Ra mp, Arbitrary (2 mHz to 20 kHz) Depth 0.0% to 10 0.0% FM Carrier waveforms Sine, Square, Ramp, Arbitrary Source Internal Internal modulation Sine, Square, Ra mp, Arbitrary[...]

Characteristics and Specifications 3 U2761A User’s Guide 101 1 Add 1/10 th of output amplitude and offs et specification per °C for operation outside the range of 18 °C to 28 °C. 2 DC offset set to 0 V . 3 T yical spurious output at low ampli tude is –70 dBm. 4 Add 1 ppm/°C (average) for operation outside the range of 18 °C to 28 °C. SWEE[...]

102 U2761A User’s Guide 3 Characteristics and Specifications[...]

U2761A User’s Guide 103 Index Index A Accura cy 99 Agilent Automation-Ready CD 7 , 10 , 11 Connection Expert 19 IO Libraries Suite 14.2 10 Measurement Manage r 10 , 15 , 21 , 91 Sales Office 7 , 8 VEE Pro 9 AM 2 , 26 , 40 , 49 , 50 , 52 , 54 , 100 Carrier frequency 51 Carrier waveform 50 , 100 depth 100 Modulating Waveform 52 Modulating waveform [...]

104 U2761A User’s Guide Index L limits amplitude 27 , 33 duty cycle 30 frequenc y 38 function 27 , 30 offset voltage 31 output termination 31 units selection 32 L-Mount kit 7 , 24 O output amplitude 31 , 33 , 35 , 36 , 99 control 41 frequenc y 29 , 99 function 26 SCPI commands 42 sweep 80 , 83 termination 36 units 35 P phase noise 97 PM carrier f[...]

www .agilent.com Agilent T echnologies © Agilent T echnologies, I nc., 2008-2009 Third Edition, January 31, 20 09 U2761-900 00 Contact us T o obtain service, warranty or technical support assistance, contact us at the fol- lowing phone numbers: United States: (tel) 800 829 4444 (fax) 800 829 4433 Canada: (tel) 877 894 4414 (fax) 800 746 4866 China[...]