Alcatel Carrier Internetworking Solutions 060187-10 REV D manuale d’uso

Part No. 060187-10, Rev D March 2005 OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide www.alcatel.com[...]

ii OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 This user guide documents rel ease 5.1.6 of the OmniSwitch 66 00 Family. The functionality described in this guid e is subject to change without notice. Copyright © 2005 by Alcatel Int ernetworking, Inc. All ri ghts reserved. This document may not b e repro- duced in whole o[...]

OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 iii Contents Contents ................. .................... ................ ............... ................ ................... ................ ....... ... Index-iii About This Guide ...................... ................ ................ ............... ...................[...]

Contents iv OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 Configuring Redundant Switch es in a Stack for Gra ceful Restart .................... ..... 1-31 OSPF Application Example .................. ........ ........ ................ ............... .................... ..... 1-32 Step 1: Prepare the Routers ............. .[...]

OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 page v About This Guide This OmniSwitch 66 00 Family Advanced Routing Confi guration Gui de describes ho w to set up and moni- tor advanced routing prot ocols for operation in a live network en vironment. The routing protocol s described in this manual are purchased as an add-on[...]

Who Should Read this Manual? About This Guide page vi OmniSwitch 6600 Family Ad vanced Routing Co nfiguratio n Guide March 2005 Who Should Read this Manual? The audience for this user guide is network admi nistrators and IT support perso nnel who need to config- ure, maintain, a nd monitor switches and routers in a live network. However, anyone wis[...]

About This Guide How is the Information Organized? OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 page vii How is the Information Or ganized? Quick Information . The chapter includes a specifications table that lists RFCs and IEEE specifications supported by the softwa re feature. In addition , this table includes other pert[...]

Documentation Roadmap About This Guide page viii OmniSwitch 6600 Family Ad vanced Routing Co nfiguratio n Guide March 2005 Stage 2: Gaining Familiarity with Basic Switch Functions Pertinent Documentation: OmniSw itch 6600 Famil y Hardware Users Guide OmniSwitch 6600 Family Switch M anagement G uide Once you have your switch up and run ning, you wi [...]

About This Guide Related Documentation OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 page ix Related Documentation The following are the titl es an d descript ions of all the Omn iSwitch 6600 Fami ly user manu als: • OmniSwitch 66 00 Family Getting Started Guid e Describes the hardware and software pro cedures for getti n[...]

User Manual CD About This Guide page x OmniSwitch 6600 Family Adva nced Routing Con figuration Guide March 2005 User Manual CD All user guides for the OmniSwitch 6600 Family ar e included on the User Manual CD that accompanied your switch. This CD also includes user guides for ot her Alcatel data enterprise products. In addition, it contains a stan[...]

OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 page 1-1 1 Configuring OSPF Open Shortest Path First rout ing (OSPF) is a shortest pa th first (SPF), or link state , protocol. OSPF is an interior gatewa y protocol (IGP) that distribu tes routing information between rout ers in a single Au tono- mous System (AS). OSPF chooses [...]

OSPF Specifications Configur ing OSPF page 1-2 OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 OSPF Specifications RFCs Supported 1370—Appli cability S tatement for OSPF 1587—The OSPF NSSA Option 1850—OSPF V ersion 2 Ma nagement Information Base 2328—OSPF V ersion 2 3101—The OSPF Not-So-Stubby Area (NSSA) Option 362[...]

Configuring OSPF OSPF Defaults Table OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 page 1-3 OSPF Defaults T able The following tabl e shows the default sett ings of the con figurable OSPF parameters. Parameter Description Comma nd Default V alue/Comments Enables OSPF . ip ospf status disabled Enables an area . ip ospf area [...]

OSPF Quick Steps Configur ing OSPF page 1-4 OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 OSPF Quick Steps The followings steps are desi gned to show the user the necessary se t of commands for settin g up a router to use OSPF: 1 Create a VLAN using th e vlan command. For exampl e: -> vlan 5 -> vlan 5 enable 2 Assign [...]

Configuring OSPF OSPF Quick Steps OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 page 1-5 9 Assign the OSPF interfac e to the area and the backbone using the ip ospf interface area command. For exampl e: -> ip ospf interface 120.1.4.1 are a 0.0.0.0 or -> ip ospf interface vlan-5 area 0 .0.0.0 10 Enable the OSPF inte rf[...]

OSPF Quick Steps Configur ing OSPF page 1-6 OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 12 You can di splay OSPF area setti ngs using the show ip ospf area command. For example: 13 You can display OSPF inte rface sett ings using the show ip ospf interface command. For example: -> show ip ospf area 0.0.0.0 Area Identifi[...]

Configuring OSPF OSPF Overview OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 page 1-7 OSPF Over view Open Shortest Path First routing (OSP F) is a shortest path first (SPF), or link -state, protocol. OSPF is an interior gatewa y protocol (IGP) that distributes ro uting information between routers in a Single Autono - mous S[...]

OSPF Overview Configur ing OSPF page 1-8 OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 OSPF Areas OSPF allows colle ctions of contiguo us networ ks a nd hosts to be grouped toget her as an are a . Each ar ea runs a separate co py of the basic l ink-state routing a lgorithm (usually called SPF). This means that e ach area ha[...]

Configuring OSPF OSPF Overview OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 page 1-9 Classification of Routers When an AS is split into OSPF areas , the route rs are further divided according to fun ction into the follow- ing four overla pping categori es: • Internal rout ers . A router with all direc tly connected netwo[...]

OSPF Overview Configur ing OSPF page 1-10 OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 Vi rt u a l L i n k s It is possible to define areas in such a way that the back bone is no lon ger contigu ous. (This is not a n ideal OSPF configuration, and maximum effort should be made to avoid this situ ation.) In this ca se the sy[...]

Configuring OSPF OSPF Overview OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 page 1-11 Stub Areas OSPF allows certain areas to be configured as stub areas . A stub area is an area with routers that have no AS external Link State Advert isements (LSAs). In order to ta ke advantage of the OSPF stub area support, defau lt rout[...]

OSPF Overview Configur ing OSPF page 1-12 OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 Not-So-Stubby-Areas NSSA, or not-so-stubby area, i s an extension to the base OSPF specification an d is defined in RFC 1587. An NSSA is similar to a stub area in many ways: AS-external LSAs are not flooded int o an NSSA and virtual link[...]

Configuring OSPF OSPF Overview OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 page 1-13 Equal Cost Multi-Path (ECMP) Routing Using information from its continuously updated datab a ses, OSPF calculates the shor test path to a given destination. Shortest path is determined from met ric values at e ach hop alon g a path. At t [...]

OSPF Overview Configur ing OSPF page 1-14 OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 When a takeov er occurs, which c an be planned (e.g., the users pe rforms the takeo ver) or unplanne d (e.g., the primary switch unexpectedly fails), an OSPF router must reestablish full adjacencies with all i ts previ- ously fully adjac[...]

Configuring OSPF Configur ing OSPF OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 page 1-15 Configuring OSPF Configuring OS PF on a router requires several steps. Depending on your requiremen ts, you may n ot need to perform all of the ste ps listed below. By default, OSPF is disabled on the router. Configuring OSPF cons ist[...]

Configuring OSPF Configur ing OSPF page 1-16 OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 Preparing the Network for OSPF OSPF operates on top of normal switch functions, using ex isting ports, vir tual ports, VLANs, etc. The following net work components should alr eady be configured: • Configure VLANs that are to be use[...]

Configuring OSPF Configur ing OSPF OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 page 1-17 Activating OSPF For OSPF to run on the router , the advanced rou ting image ( Hadvrout.img ) must be installed. (For infor- mation on how to install image fi les, see “Managing System Fi les” in the OmniSwitch 6600 Family Sw itch [...]

Configuring OSPF Configur ing OSPF page 1-18 OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 Creating an OSPF Area OSPF allows a set of network devi ces in an AS system to be grouped together in area s . There can be more than one router in an area. Likewise , there can be more than one area on a single router (in effect, ma [...]

Configuring OSPF Configur ing OSPF OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 page 1-19 Enabling and Disabling Summarization Summarization can also be enabled or disabled when crea ting an area. Ena bling summarization allows for ranges to be used by Area Border Routers (ABRs) for advert ising routes as a single route ra[...]

Configuring OSPF Configur ing OSPF page 1-20 OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 Configuring Stub Area Default Metrics The default metric co nfigures the type of cost metric that a default area border router (ABR ) will adverti se in the default summa ry Link State Advertisement (LSA). Use the ip ospf area de faul[...]

Configuring OSPF Configur ing OSPF OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 page 1-21 1 Enter the following comm ands on Router B: -> ip load ospf -> ip ospf area 0.0.0.0 -> ip ospf area 0.0.0.0 status ena ble -> ip ospf area 1.1.1.1 -> ip ospf area 1.1.1.1 type stub -> ip ospf area 1.1.1.1 summary di[...]

Configuring OSPF Configur ing OSPF page 1-22 OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 Creating OSPF Inter faces Once areas have been established, interfaces ne ed to be crea ted and assigned to the areas. Creating an Interface To create an in terface, enter the ip ospf interfac e command with an IP address or in terfac[...]

Configuring OSPF Configur ing OSPF OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 page 1-23 Interface Authentication OSPF allows for the u se of authentication on co nfigured interfaces. Wh en authentic ation is enable d, only neighbors usin g the same type of authenticati on and the matc hing passwo rds or keys c an communi[...]

Configuring OSPF Configur ing OSPF page 1-24 OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 Modifying Inter face Parameters There are several in terface parameters that can be mo dified on a specifi ed interface. Most of t hese deal with timer sett ings. The cost para meter and the p riority pa rameter hel p to determine th [...]

Configuring OSPF Configur ing OSPF OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 page 1-25 Creating V ir tual Links A virtual link is a link between two backbones throu gh a transit area. Use the ip ospf virtual-link command to create or delete a virtual link. Accepted ne twork design th eory states th at virtual link s are[...]

Configuring OSPF Configur ing OSPF page 1-26 OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 Creating Redistribution Policies and Filters Redistribution in OSP F controls the way routes are learned an d distributed in the OSPF netw ork. Non OSPF routers can be advertised in to the OSPF ne twork as AS-extern al or NSSA-extern [...]

Configuring OSPF Configur ing OSPF OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 page 1-27 Creating A Redistribution Policy Once a router is set as an ASBR and redistribu tion is enabled, a redistribution policy can be cre ated. This is done usi ng the ip ospf redis t command. When se tting up a re distribution p olicy, cho[...]

Configuring OSPF Configur ing OSPF page 1-28 OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 In certain cases, redistribution can ei ther be an adjace nt route or a subnet. In these cases, the redistributed route can correspond to several ro utes . It is possible to advertise t hese routes separately or not wi th the redist-c[...]

Configuring OSPF Configur ing OSPF OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 page 1-29 Configuring Router Capabilities The following list sh ows various commands tha t can be useful in t ailoring a router’s p erformance capabili- ties. All of the listed paramet ers have defaul ts that are acceptable for running an OSP[...]

Configuring OSPF Configur ing OSPF page 1-30 OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 Configuring Static Neighbors It is possible to co nfigure neighbor s statically on No n Broadcast Mult i Access (NBMA), point-to-po int, and point-to -multipoint n etworks. NBMA requires all routers attached to the network to communic[...]

Configuring OSPF Configur ing OSPF OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 page 1-31 Configuring Redundant Switches in a Stack for Graceful Restar t By default, OSPF graceful restart is disabled. To configure OSPF graceful restart support use the ip ospf restart-suppo rt command by ente ring ip ospf restart-support fo[...]

OSPF Application Example Configur ing OSPF page 1-32 OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 OSPF Application Example This section will de monstrate how to set up a simple OSPF net work. It uses thre e routers, each wi th an area. Each router uses three VLANs . A backbone connects al l the ro uters. This section will [...]

Configuring OSPF OSPF Application Example OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 page 1-33 Step 1: Prepare the Routers The first step is to create the VL ANs on each router, add an IP interface to the VLAN, assign a port to the VLAN, and assign a router identifi cat ion number to the routers. For the backbone, the ne[...]

OSPF Application Example Configur ing OSPF page 1-34 OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 Router 2 (using ports 2/1 a nd 2/2 for the b ackbone, and ports 2/3-5 for en d devices): -> vlan 12 -> ip interface vlan-12 vlan 12 ad dress 12.0.0.2 mask 255.0.0.0 -> vlan 12 port default 2/1 -> vlan 23 -> ip i[...]

Configuring OSPF OSPF Application Example OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 page 1-35 Step 2: Enable OSPF The next step is to load and enable OSPF on eac h router. The command s for this step are be low (the commands are t he same on each ro uter): -> ip load ospf -> ip ospf status enable Step 3: Create an[...]

OSPF Application Example Configur ing OSPF page 1-36 OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 -> ip ospf interface 12.0.0.1 -> ip ospf interface 12.0.0.1 area 0.0.0.0 -> ip ospf interface 12.0.0.1 stat us enable -> ip ospf interface 10.0.0.1 -> ip ospf interface 10.0.0.1 area 0.0.0.1 -> ip ospf interf[...]

Configuring OSPF OSPF Application Example OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 page 1-37 -> ip ospf interface vlan-20 -> ip ospf interface vlan-20 area 0.0.0.2 -> ip ospf interface vlan-20 statu s enable Router 3 -> ip ospf interface 23.0.0.3 -> ip ospf interface 23.0.0.3 area 0.0.0.0 -> ip ospf i[...]

Verifying OSPF Configuration Configuring OSPF page 1-38 OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 V erifying OSPF Configuration To display info rmation about a reas, interfaces, virtual link s, redistributio n, or OPSF in general, use the show commands listed in the follow ing table: For more information about the re su[...]

OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 page A-1 A Software License and Copyright Statements This appendix co ntains Alcate l and third-pa rty software ven dor license and copyright st atements. Alcatel License Agreement ALCA TEL INTERNETWORKING, INC. (“AII”) SOF TW ARE LICENSE AGREEMENT IMPORTANT. Please re ad th[...]

Alcatel License Agreement Software License and Copyright Statements page A-2 OmniSwitch 6600 Family Ad vanced Routing Co nfiguratio n Guide March 2005 3. Confidentiality. AII considers the Licensed File s to contain valuable t rade secrets of AII, t he unautho- rized disclosure of which could cause irrepa rable harm to AII. Except as expressly set [...]

Software License and Copyright St atements Alcatel License Agreement OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 page A-3 10. Governing Law. This License Agreement shall be constr ued and governed in accordance with the laws of the Sta te of Califo rnia. 11. Severabil ity. Should a ny term of this Li cense Agreement be de[...]

Third Party Licenses and Notices Software License and Copyright Statements page A-4 OmniSwitch 6600 Family Ad vanced Routing Co nfiguratio n Guide March 2005 Third Par ty Licenses and Notices The licenses and notices related only to su ch third party software are set forth below: A. Booting and Debugging Non-Pr oprietary Software A small, separate [...]

Software License and Copyright Statements Third Party Licenses and Notices OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 page A-5 C. Linux Linux is wri tten and distrib uted under the GNU General Public License which mean s that its source co de is freely- distribut ed and avai lable to th e general pu blic. D. GNU GENERAL [...]

Third Party Licenses and Notices Software License and Copyright Statements page A-6 OmniSwitch 6600 Family Ad vanced Routing Co nfiguratio n Guide March 2005 verbatim or with mod ifications and/or t ranslated in to another language. (Hereinafter , translation is included wi thout limitati on in the term “mo difi cat ion”.) Each licensee is addr[...]

Software License and Copyright Statements Third Party Licenses and Notices OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 page A-7 b Accompany it wi th a written of fer, valid for at least three yea rs, to give any th ird party, for a cha rge no more than your cost of physi cally performing source distri bution, a complete m[...]

Third Party Licenses and Notices Software License and Copyright Statements page A-8 OmniSwitch 6600 Family Ad vanced Routing Co nfiguratio n Guide March 2005 consistent application o f that syste m; it is up to the author/do nor to decid e if he or she i s willing to dist rib- ute software throug h any other system an d a licensee cannot im pose th[...]

Software License and Copyright Statements Third Party Licenses and Notices OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 page A-9 Appendix: How to Apply These T erms to Y our New Programs If you develop a new program, and you w ant it to be of th e greatest possibl e use to the publ ic, the best way to achieve this is to ma[...]

Third Party Licenses and Notices Software License and Copyright Statements page A-10 OmniSwitch 6600 Family Ad vanced Routing Co nfiguratio n Guide March 2005 Material copyright Li nux Online Inc. Design and compilation copyright (c)1994-200 2 Linux Online Inc. Linux is a regist ered trad emark of Linus Torvalds Tux the Penguin, featured in our log[...]

Software License and Copyright Statements Third Party Licenses and Notices OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 page A-11 H. Apptitude, Inc. Provided with th is product is certai n network moni toring software (“Me terWorks/RMON”) licensed from Apptitude, Inc., wh ose copyright notice is as follo ws: Copyright [...]

Third Party Licenses and Notices Software License and Copyright Statements page A-12 OmniSwitch 6600 Family Ad vanced Routing Co nfiguratio n Guide March 2005 L. Wind River Systems, Inc. Provided with th is product is certain software (“ Run-Time Module”) licensed from Wind River Sy stems, Inc. Licensee is prohibited from: (i) copying the Ru n-[...]

OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 Index-1 Index A application exa mples OSPF 1-4, 1-32 area border rout ers 1-8, 1-9 areas 1-8 assigning interfaces 1-22 backbones 1-8 border routers 1-8 creating 1-18 deleting 1-19 enabling 1-18 NSSAs 1-12 ranges 1-20 route metrics 1-20 specifying type 1-18 status 1-19 stub 1-11 [...]

Index Index-2 OmniSwitch 6600 Family Advanced Routing Configuration Guide March 2005 O Open Shortest Path First see OSPF OSPF 1-1 activating 1-17 application example 1-32 area border routers 1-8, 1-9 areas 1-8 ASBRs 1-9, 1-26 authentication 1-23 backbone routers 1-9 backbones 1-8 classification of routers 1-9 configuring 1-15 configuring routers 1-[...]