Cabletron Systems 2.2 manuale d’uso

Title Page Bridge/Router Interface (BRIM) User’ s Guide[...]

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i Notice Cabletron Systems r eserves the right to make changes in speciÞcations and other information contained in this document without prior notice. The reader should in all cases consult Cabletr on Systems to determine whether any such changes have been made. The hardwar e, Þrmware, or softwar e described in this manual is subject to change wi[...]

ii Restricted Rights Notice (Applicable to licenses to the United States Government only .) 1. Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject to r estrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in T echnical Data and Computer Software clause at DF ARS 252.227-7013. Cabletron Systems, Inc., 35 Industrial W ay , Roc[...]

iii Contents Chapter 1 Intr oduction Using the BRIM User Õs Guide ..................................................................................... 1-2 Related Manuals ............................................................................................................ 1-3 BRIM Management Applications ...................................[...]

Contents iv Changing Bridge Priority ............................................................................ 2-39 Changing the Spanning T ree Algorithm Protocol T ype .......................... 2-39 Changing Hello T ime ................................................................................... 2-40 Changing Max Age T ime .............[...]

v Contents ConÞguring SNAP T ranslation ................................................................... 2-96 Using the Novell T ranslation W indow .................................................................... 2-97 Using the Physical V iew W indows for the ETWMIM ........................................... 2-99 Ethernet Port Physical V i[...]

Contents vi[...]

1-1 Chapter 1 Intr oduction Using this guide; related manuals; management applications av ailable f or BRIMs; software conv entions; getting help; contacting Cabletron Systems Global Call Center W elcome to the Cabletron SystemsÕ SPECTRUM ¨ Element Manager Bridge/Router Interface (BRIM) User Õ s Guide . W e have designed this guide to serve as a[...]

Introduction 1-2 Using the BRIM User’ s Guide BRIM-E100 The Fast Ethernet BRIM has a user-conÞgurable Fast Ethernet Port Interface Module (FEPIM) port that provides either 100BASE-TX connectivity (via an RJ-45 interface) or 100BASE-FX connectivity (via an MMF interface with an SC connector). BRIM-F6 The FDDI Bridge/Router Interface Module is a t[...]

Related Manuals 1-3 Introduction W e assume that you have a general working knowledge of Ethernet IEEE 802.3, FDDI, W AN, and A TM type data communications networks and their physical layer components, and that you are familiar with general bridging concepts. Related Manuals The BRIM User Õ s Guide is only part of a complete document set designed [...]

Introduction 1-4 Software Con v entions ¥ FDDI menu will be available on devices that have an FDDI BRIM installed and enabled; see Chapter 3, FDDI Applications , for details. ¥ W AN Status will be available from the Device menu for devices that have a W AN BRIM installed and enabled; see Chapter 4, W AN Applications , for details. ¥ A TM Connect[...]

Software Con v entions 1-5 Introduction Figure 1-1. Mouse Buttons For many mouse operations, this document assumes that the left (primary) mouse button is to be used, and refer ences to activating a menu or button will not include instructions about which mouse button to use. However , in instances in which right (secondary) mouse button functional[...]

Introduction 1-6 Software Con v entions Common Device Window Fields Similar descriptive information is displayed in boxes at the top of most device-speciÞc windows in SPECTRUM Element Manager , as shown in Figure 1-2 . Figure 1-2. Sample W indow Showing Group Boxes Device Name Displays the user-deÞned name of the device. The device name can be ch[...]

Software Con v entions 1-7 Introduction MA C Address The physical layer address assigned to the interface associated with the IP address used to deÞne the device icon when it was added to SPECTRUM Element Manager . MAC addresses are har d-coded in the device, and are not conÞgurable. Informational Þelds describing the boards and/or ports being m[...]

Introduction 1-8 Getting Help Getting Help This section describes differ ent methods of getting help for questions or concerns you may have while using SPECTRUM Element Manager . Using On-line Help Y ou can use the BRIM window Help buttons to obtain information speciÞc to the device. When you click on a Help button, a window will appear which cont[...]

Getting Help 1-9 Introduction Getting Help fr om the Cabletr on Systems Global Call Center If you need technical support related to SPECTRUM Element Manager , or if you have any questions, comments, or suggestions related to this manual or any of our products, please feel fr ee to contact the Cabletron Systems Global Call Center via one of the foll[...]

Introduction 1-10 Getting Help[...]

2-1 Chapter 2 Bridging About bridging methods; viewing and managing bridging interf aces; using the Br idge Status window; viewing bridge statistics; using Spanning T ree; using the Filtering Database; configuring duplex modes; using the Interface Configur ation window; and setting Bridge T r anslation Bridging Basics Bridges are used in local ar[...]

Bridging 2-2 Bridging Basics Þlters a packet if it determines that the packetÕs destination address exists on the same side of the bridge as the source addr ess. If two or more bridges ar e connected to the same Ethernet LAN segmentÑplaced in parallelÑonly a single bridge must be allowed to forward data frames onto that segment. If two or more [...]

Bridging Basics 2-3 Bridging possible bridge path to the end station. The original APE frame contains no routing information (e.g., bridge numbers and ring numbers). As the frame is propagated along all available paths to the destination station, each bridge along the way adds its own bridge and ring numbers to the packetÕs RIF before forwarding i[...]

Bridging 2-4 Bridging Basics Not all end stations in a T oken Ring environment have network drivers which support Source RoutingÑwhether the drivers ar e improperly conÞgur ed via management or they simply are not sour ce-route capable. In a network with a mix of Source Route and T ranspar ent end stations, data frames from both station types mus[...]

Viewing and Managing Bridging Interf aces 2-5 Bridging cache, append the proper Routing Information onto the packet, and then forwar d the data to the T oken Ring segment. The RIF cache is a software table that can stor e up to 8192 entries. An SR-TB bridge updates its RIF cache much like a T ransparent bridge dynamically updates its Filtering Data[...]

Bridging 2-6 Viewing and Managing Bridging Interf aces ¥ The Spanning T ree window shows bridge port information and pr otocol parameters relating to the Spanning T r ee AlgorithmÑthe method of determining the controlling bridge when a series of bridges ar e placed in parallel; see Spanning T ree , page 2-34 , for details. ¥ W ith the Filtering [...]

The Bridge Status Window 2-7 Bridging ¥ The SmartT runk option invokes the SmartT runk ConÞguration and Status window , which enables you to group interfaces logically to achieve gr eater bandwidth between devices that support this feature. Ther e is no limit to the number of ports that can be included in a single trunk, nor is ther e a limit to [...]

Bridging 2-8 The Bridge Status Windo w Figure 2-1. The Bridge Status W indow The following information is provided by the Bridge Status window for the monitored device as a whole and for each individual bridging interface. Up Time At the top of the Bridge Status window , you can see the time period (in a days, hours, minutes, seconds format) that h[...]

The Bridge Status Window 2-9 Bridging Bridge State on Interface Indicates the state of bridging over the port interface. Possible bridge states and their corresponding colors ar e: ¥ Forwarding (green)ÑThe port is on-line and forwar ding packets across the bridge from one network segment to another . ¥ Disabled (blue)ÑBridging at the port has b[...]

Bridging 2-10 The Bridge Status Window ¥ The Spanning T ree window allows you to set the Spanning T r ee Algorithm parameters for bridging on your device; see Spanning T ree , page 2-34 , for details. ¥ The SmartT runk option invokes the SmartT runk ConÞguration and Status window , which enables you to group interfaces logically to achieve gr ea[...]

The Bridge Status Window 2-11 Bridging ¥ Enable Bridge and Disable Bridge options allow you to administratively activate or deactivate bridging at the device level; see ( Enabling and Disabling Bridging , page 2-14 , for details. ¥ The Bridge ConÞguration option opens a window that allows you to set address and r outing information for all inter[...]

Bridging 2-12 The Bridge Status Window ¥ The Port ConÞguration option opens a window that allows you to view the address and r outing information for an individual T oken Ring bridging interface. This window displays information that is set at the device level via the Bridge ConÞguration window , such as the Bridge Number and the V irtual Ring N[...]

The Bridge Status Window 2-13 Bridging information about this window , refer to the RMON Alarms and Events chapter in the RMON User Õ s Guide , and/or the appropriate device-speciÞc User Õ s Guide . ¥ The Statistics option appears as a menu choice for Ethernet devices which support RMON, and it opens the Ethernet Statistics window , which enabl[...]

Bridging 2-14 Enabling and Disab ling Br idging Enabling and Disab ling Bridging When you disable a bridge port, you disconnect that portÕs network from the bridge entirely . The port does not forward any packets, nor does it participate in Spanning T ree operations. Nodes connected to the network can still communicate with each other , but they c[...]

Bridge Statistics 2-15 Bridging Bridge Statistics The following sections describe Statistics windows that are available for the bridge that is being monitored via SPECTRUM Element Manager , both at the device and port levels. P erformance Graphs Y ou use Bridge Performance Graphs to view a color-coded strip chart that shows you the trafÞc being br[...]

Bridging 2-16 Bridge Statistics To access the port-level Bridge Performance Graph window from the Bridge Status window : 1. Click on the desired Por t b utton ( ) to displa y the P or t menu. 2. Click on P erformance Graph . The Bridge P erformance Graph window will appear . To access the port-level Bridge Performance Graph window from the Chassis [...]

Bridge Statistics 2-17 Bridging Peak statistics are based on the peak level of activity r eturned from a single poll since the Performance Graph window was invoked. A date and time is provided for peak levels. The A verage statistics are updated every two seconds as averaged over the previous four poll intervals (i.e., averaged over a sliding eight[...]

Bridging 2-18 Bridge Statistics 4. Click on Xmitted (with b lue statistics to the r ight). The Xmitted menu will appear . Click on the desired mode. Once you have selected a new mode, it will appear in its respective button, and after the next poll the Performance Graph will refr esh and begin to measure using the new mode. Bridge Detail Breakdown [...]

Bridge Statistics 2-19 Bridging network segment has a corresponding color for its statistics or pie chart segments. Depending on your particular bridge and its conÞguration, the segments are color-coded as follows: ¥ LAN 1 = light red ¥ LAN 2 = light green ¥ LAN 3 = yellow ¥ LAN 4 = light gray ¥ LAN 5 = light cyan ¥ LAN 6 = light blue ¥ LAN[...]

Bridging 2-20 Bridge Statistics Figure 2-4. The Bridge Port Detail Breakdown W indow The following information is available for each bridge interface on the device. The information is expressed both numerically and in pie charts. The colors corresponding to the forwar ding interfaces will vary , depending on which interface is selected. Forwarded t[...]

Bridge Statistics 2-21 Bridging T o access the Statistics window from the Chassis Vie w windo w : 1. Click on the appropriate por t index to access the P or t menu. 2. Click on I/F Statistics. The por t I/F Statistics windo w will appear . Figure 2-5. I/F Statistics W indow The following three informational Þelds appear in the upper portion of the[...]

Bridging 2-22 Bridge Statistics The following transmit and receive statistics Þelds ar e displayed in the lower portion of the window . The Þrst four statistics are also graphically displayed in a pie chart. The statistics are r ead directly fr om the device, and are updated with each poll from SPECTRUM Element Manager to the device. Unicast Disp[...]

Bridge Statistics 2-23 Bridging CSMA CD Statistics The CSCMACD Statistics menu option is available for some Ethernet bridging interfaces. Receive errors, transmission err ors, and collision errors ar e the statistics displayed in this window . Three color -coded pie charts allow you to graphically view the breakdowns of each statistics gr oup. T o [...]

Bridging 2-24 Bridge Statistics ¥ Alignment ÑThe number of frames received on a particular interface that contain a nonintegral number of bytes (color-coded gr een). Misaligned packets can result fr om a MAC layer packet formation problem, or fr om a cabling problem that is corr upting or losing data. ¥ FCS ÑThe number of frames received on a p[...]

Bridge Statistics 2-25 Bridging ¥ Internal MAC ÑThe number of frames for which transmission fails due to an internal MAC sublayer transmit error . This error is only counted in this window if there have not been corr esponding Late Collisions, Excessive Collisions, or Carrier Sense Errors. ¥ T ransmit Errors ÑThe total number of transmission er[...]

Bridging 2-26 Bridge Statistics Figure 2-7. PPP Link Statistics W indow Each of the errors and statistics r elated to the PPP Link at the selected bridging interface is described in detail below . Error s Indicates the errors that occurr ed which relate to the PPP Link at the selected bridging interface. Possible error types ar e: ¥ Bad Addresses [...]

Bridge Statistics 2-27 Bridging ¥ T otal Errors ÑThe T otal Err ors Þeld displays the total number of errors of all types: Bad Addresses, Bad Contr ols, Packets T oo Long, and Bad FCSs. Statistics Lists statistics Þelds which are r elated to the PPP Link at the selected bridging interface. Possible statistics Þelds are: ¥ Local MRU ÑThe Loca[...]

Bridging 2-28 Bridge Statistics ¥ Remote to Local AC Compression ÑThe Remote to Local AC Compression Þeld determines whether or not the remote PPP entity uses Address and Control (AC) Compr ession when transmitting packets to the local PPP entity . ¥ T ransmit FCS Size ÑThe T ransmit FCS Size Þeld displays the size of the Frame Check Sequence[...]

Bridge Statistics 2-29 Bridging Figure 2-8. Dot5 Errors Statistics W indow Each type of IEEE 802.5 error detected by the selected station port is described in detail below . Line Error s The Line Errors Þeld displays the number of the line err ors detected by the selected port. This error indicates the pr esence of a non-data bit between the start[...]

Bridging 2-30 Bridge Statistics Abort Sequences The Abort Sequences Þeld displays the number of abort sequences transmitted by the selected port. These occur when an adapter has frames to transmit and receives a token, but does not detect an ending delimiter on the token after its access control Þeld. This indicates that the token is corr upted. [...]

Bridge Statistics 2-31 Bridging Signal Loss The Signal Loss Þeld displays the number of times that the selected port has detected the loss of a signal condition from the ring. T ransmit Beacons The T ransmit Beacons Þeld displays the number of beacon frames transmitted by the selected station. Recoveries The Recoveries Þeld displays the number o[...]

Bridging 2-32 Bridge Statistics T o access the Bridge Source Routing window fr om the Chassis Vie w window: 1. Click on the appropriate por t index to access the P or t menu. 2. Click on Sour ce Route Statistics. The Br idge Source Routing window , Figure 2-9 , will appear . Figure 2-9. The Bridge Source Routing W indow The Bridge Source Routing wi[...]

Bridge Statistics 2-33 Bridging the destination station, which then directs a r eply back to the source. The Þrst reply r eceived by the original sending station is considered the most ef Þcient route and is used in subsequent transmissions. ¥ Span. T ree Expl. ÑDisplays the total number of Spanning T r ee Explorer (STE) frames received by the [...]

Bridging 2-34 Spanning T ree Spanning T ree The Bridge Spanning T ree window allows you to display and modify the deviceÕs bridge port information and protocol parameters r elating to the Spanning T ree Algorithm. In a network design with multiple bridges placed in parallel (i.e, attached to the same LAN), data loops must be prevented. The Spannin[...]

Spanning T ree 2-35 Bridging Figure 2-10. Bridge Spanning T ree W indow The Bridge Spanning T ree window displays ST A parameters and allows you to alter parameters for the device bridge as a whole, and for each individual bridging interface. The values displayed apply to the currently-selected bridging interface, highlighted in the lower right qua[...]

Bridging 2-36 Spanning T ree Root Bridge Displays the MAC address of the bridge that is curr ently functioning as the Root Bridge. Root Cost Indicates the cost of the data path from this bridge to the Root Bridge. Each port on each bridge adds a ÒcostÓ to a particular path that a frame must travel. For example, if each port in a particular path h[...]

Spanning T ree 2-37 Bridging Hello Time This parameter indicates, in seconds, the length of time the Root Bridge (or bridge attempting to become the Root) waits before r esending ConÞguration BPDUs. The range for this Þeld is 1 to 10 seconds, with a default value of 2 seconds. The Root Bridge sets the Hello T ime. Max Age This parameter displays [...]

Bridging 2-38 Spanning T ree A lower assigned value gives the port a higher Priority when BPDUs are compared. The allowable range is 0ÑFF hexadecimal (0Ñ255 decimal); the default is 80 hexadecimal. P ath Cost Displays the cost that this port will contribute to the calculation of the overall Root path cost in a ConÞguration BPDU transmitted by th[...]

Spanning T ree 2-39 Bridging Configuring Spanning T ree The Bridge Spanning T ree window allows you to update the following parameters for your device bridge. When you have Þnished making changes to the following individual parameters, you must click on Set at the bottom of the Spanning T ree window to write the changes to the device. Changing Br[...]

Bridging 2-40 Spanning T ree Changing Hello Time If the bridge is the Root Bridge, or is attempting to become the Root, and you want to change the length of time the bridge waits between sending conÞguration BPDUs: 1. Highlight the Hello Time field, and type in a new value . 2. Click on Set . The IEEE 802.1d speciÞcation recommends that Hello T [...]

Filtering Database 2-41 Bridging Changing P or t Priority T o change the part of the Port Priority used in priority comparisons: 1. If necessar y , select the desired por t by clic king the mouse to highlight the por t in the low er r ight quadrant of the window . The low er left quadrant of the window will no w allow y ou to edit parameters f or t[...]

Bridging 2-42 Filtering Database The Filtering Database consists of two separate databases: the Static and the Learned Databases. The Static Database contains addresses that ar e entered by a network administrator . Y ou add these addresses dir ectly to the database while the bridge is powered up, or to the deviceÕs battery-backed RAM so that they[...]

Filtering Database 2-43 Bridging A scrollable Address Entry panel allows you to: ¥ V iew the address entries in the Filtering Database. ¥ Alter an entryÕs type (e.g., from Learned to Permanent, Dynamic, or Static). ¥ V iew and conÞgure the bridging action taking place on the packets entering each of the bridging ports. In addition, you can use[...]

Bridging 2-44 Filtering Database The following Þelds are listed in the top portion of the Filtering Database window . List The List checkboxes indicate whether the associated entry type (Permanent, Static, Dynamic, or Learned) will be displayed in the scrollable table of addr ess entries. A check next to the entry type indicates that it will be di[...]

Filtering Database 2-45 Bridging P or t Filtering Indicates the action that will take place at each bridge port when it receives frames from the selected addr ess entry . A green arrow indicates that the frames received fr om the address will be forwar ded to the portÕs associated segment ( ). A red cir cle indicates that frames will be Þltered ([...]

Bridging 2-46 Filtering Database Changing the T ype of Entry Y ou can change any entry type from its curr ent type (Learned, Self, Permanent, Static, or Dynamic) to either a Permanent, Static, or Dynamic entry . T o do so: 1. Click on the shado wed T ype button. A menu will appear with the three types to which the entr y can be changed. 2. Highligh[...]

Special Filter Databases 2-47 Bridging 3. In the Receive P or t field, type in the por t at which the address m ust be detected f or bridging to take place. If you enter a v alue of 0 in this field, the Receiv e P or t is considered promiscuous (i.e., any por t), and will be designated by an “*” in the Address Entr y panel. 4. Click on OK. 5.[...]

Bridging 2-48 Special Filter Databases Looking at each enabled Þlter , starting with the lowest numbered Þlter , the bridge compares the following Þelds to the corr esponding Þelds in the received packet: ¥ Destination address ¥ Source addr ess ¥ Ethernet or T oken Ring data type ¥ Up to 16 hex integers (64 bytes) of the data Þeld In addit[...]

Special Filter Databases 2-49 Bridging Figure 2-13. Ethernet and T oken Ring Special Filter Database W indows Special Filter Database Windo w The following Þelds are available in the Special Filter Database window: File An X in this checkbox indicates that the Þlter is associated with the Þle name shown in the title bar of the window . If a Þle[...]

Bridging 2-50 Special Filter Databases Destination Address Displays a six-byte hexadecimal Þeld for the Þlter which can be used to Þlter on Destination Addresses, in whole or in part. Source Ad dress Displays a six-byte hexadecimal Þeld for the Þlter which can be used to Þlter on Source Addresses, in whole or in part. Data T ype Displays the [...]

Special Filter Databases 2-51 Bridging Defining and Editing Filters in the Special Database Y ou can edit an existing Þlter or deÞne a new Þlter using the following steps: 1. Click to select the filter y ou wish to edit. The filter is selected when it is highlighted. When the br idge uses the Special Database, it star ts with the low est numb[...]

Bridging 2-52 Special Filter Databases 6. Click on OK to sa ve the changes you ha ve made and e xit the Special Database Filter window . Changing the Receive P or ts Y ou can set the receive ports in the Special Filter Database window either befor e or after you deÞne a Þlter . These are the ports at which the frame must be received for the Þlte[...]

Special Filter Databases 2-53 Bridging Y ou can set the port Þltering action for the bridging port on each port of the device, as well any BRIM ports. Clearing the P or t Filtering Action When you clear the port Þltering action of a Þlter , all ports that were conÞgured to forwarding or blocking will be r eset to no action. Note that when you c[...]

Bridging 2-54 Interf ace Configuration T o update the file while it is still open, click on the Save selection from the Filters pull-down menu. T o open an existing Þle containing a Þlter set: 1. Click on Filter s . A menu will appear . 2. Click on Open. A standard Microsoft Windows Open File windo w will appear . 3. T o specify the file: In t[...]

Interf ace Configuration 2-55 Bridging Figure 2-15. Interface ConÞguration W indow Bridge Methods The options available in the Bridge Method Þeld are as follows: T ransparent When the bridge is set to T ransparent mode, the bridge will only transmit transparent frames fr om the T oken Ring connection. If a source r oute frame is received by the [...]

Bridging 2-56 Interf ace Configuration Source Route T ransparent When the bridge is set to Source Route T ranspar ent, the bridge will transmit both transparent and sour ce route frames. The frames r eceived which have source route information will be transmitted as sour ce route, while frames r eceived that are transpar ent will be transmitted as[...]

Source Route Configuration 2-57 Bridging T o select the transmission method for TCP/IP , IPX, SNA, NetBIOS or Other protocols: 1. Click on the option b utton ne xt to the transmission method y ou would lik e y our T oken Ring bridge por t to use: T ransparent , Source Route , or A uto . 2. Click on Set to apply the desired mode . Sour ce Route Con[...]

Bridging 2-58 Source Route Configuration Sour ce Routing Information Source Routing is a bridging technique developed by IBM and the 802.5 standar ds committee in which a bridge routes frames based on the contents of their media access control frame header , rather than by maintaining a Þltering database to determine whether a packet should be fo[...]

Source Route Configuration 2-59 Bridging The following Þelds are available in the Sour ce Route ConÞguration W indow: IP Address This Þeld displays the Internet Protocol (IP) addr ess, which acts as a logical identiÞer on the network, currently assigned to each port on the device. This is needed for SNMP network management capability . The IP [...]

Bridging 2-60 Source Route Configuration The following Þelds apply to the Source Route ConÞguration window: Local Segment This Þeld displays the unique segment number that identiÞes the segment attached to the selected interface (either of the T oken Ring or FDDI interfaces). The bridge adds the Local Segment number to the routing information [...]

Source Route Configuration 2-61 Bridging Bridge Number The Bridge Number uniquely identiÞes a bridge port when more than one bridge is used to span the same two segments. The Bridge Number should be in the range of 0 to 15. Y ou can use the Set button at the bottom of the window to change the bridge number of the port, as explained in Making and [...]

Bridging 2-62 Using the Find Source Address F eature ¥ Disabled (not participating in the bridging process or in operation of the Spanning T ree Algorithm and protocol). If the Spanning T ree Mode is set to Disabled, the bridge port will not send or accept any STE frames. Any STE frame received will be discar ded. The Spanning T ree Expl Þeld at [...]

Using the P or t Source Addresses Window 2-63 Bridging Figure 2-17. Find Source Address W indow 3. In the te xt field in the middle of the window , enter a v alid MAC address in he xadecimal format and then click OK . If the address is found in the 802.1d Bridge Filtering Database, the port thr ough which the address is communicating will ßash in[...]

Bridging 2-64 Using the P or t Source Addresses Window Figure 2-18. Port Source Addresses W indow The Port Source Addresses window displays the MAC addr esses of all devices that have transmitted packets that have been forwarded thr ough the selected bridging interface during the last cycle of the Filtering DatabaseÕs deÞned aging timer (learned [...]

Using the T ok en Ring Bridge and P or t Configuration Windows 2-65 Bridging Figure 2-19. Device Aging T ime W indow 2. T ype in the new Aging Time, in seconds, then clic k on OK . The allowab le range is 10 to 1000000 seconds; the def ault is 300 seconds. Using the T oken Ring Bridge and P or t Configuration Windo ws The Bridge ConÞguration and[...]

Bridging 2-66 Using the T oken Ring Bridge and P or t Configuration Windows T o access the Bridge ConÞguration window from the Chassis Vie w window: 1. Click on the Boar d Index of the device of interest; the Board menu will appear . 2. Click on Bridge Configuration. The Br idge Configuration window , Figure 2-20 , will appear . Figure 2-20. Br[...]

Using the T ok en Ring Bridge and P or t Configuration Windows 2-67 Bridging Figure 2-21. Port ConÞguration W indow The Bridge ConÞguration and Port ConÞguration window Þelds are deÞned as follows: Bridge Number Displays and allows you to set the number assigned to T oken Ring bridge. This value is limited to the hexadecimal range of 0 throug[...]

Bridging 2-68 Using the T oken Ring Bridge and P or t Configuration Windows P or t Mode Displays the three port mode options that ar e deÞned as follows: ¥ LobeÑ allows direct-attach station connections (acting as a concentrator port). ¥ StationÑ provides station emulation. ¥ TPIM RI/RO Ñallows attachment to Þber TPIMs on standard workgr o[...]

Using the T ok en Ring Bridge and P or t Configuration Windows 2-69 Bridging packets are sent to the destination station if the sending station does not receive a response to a test packet. Source Route/STE Indicates that the bridge forwards packets so they do not know the route or the devices they pass through to r each their destination. STE (Sp[...]

Bridging 2-70 Duple x Modes T o select the Bridge Mode/Explorer T ype globally for all bridge interfaces on a device in the Bridge ConÞguration window or for an individual interface in the Port ConÞguration window: 1. Click in the Bridge Mode/Explorer T ype pull-do wn list bo x. Select one of the av ailable choices: Source Route T ransparent/T ra[...]

Duple x Modes 2-71 Bridging The Duplex Modes Window The bridge-level Duplex Modes window allows you to enable and disable full duplex mode capability for each bridging interface on your device. The window lists each interface on the device and whether full duplex is ÒONÓ or ÒOFFÓ for each interface. T o access the Duplex Modes window from the B[...]

Bridging 2-72 Duple x Modes ON Indicates that full duplex mode is being used on this interface. OFF Indicates that full duplex mode is not being used on this interface. N/A Indicates that full duplex mode is not available on this interface. Setting the Duplex Mode Y ou set an interface to use or not use Full Duplex Switched Ethernet by turning the [...]

Duple x Modes 2-73 Bridging Figure 2-23. Port ConÞguration W indow This window will indicate which mode is being used on the interface, standard mode or full duplex mode. Standard Mode Standard mode is being used on this interface. In standar d mode, the interface can transmit or receive packets. The interface has to wait for one activity to be co[...]

Bridging 2-74 Duple x Modes From this window you can manually set the operational mode of the port, determining the speed of the port (10 Mbps or 100 Mbps), and whether it uses full duplex or standard mode bridging. Y ou can also set a 100Base-TX port to auto-negotiation so that the appropriate operational mode can be determined automatically (usin[...]

Duple x Modes 2-75 Bridging determine the speed of the port and whether it uses full duplex or standard mode bridging. The following information about the selected Fast Ethernet port is displayed: P or t T ype Displays the type of Fast Ethernet port for example, FE-100TX or FE-100FX. Link State Displays the connection status of the selected port: L[...]

Bridging 2-76 Duple x Modes Setting the Operational Mode for the FE-100TX Y ou can manually set the FE-100TX to use any one of four operational modes. Y ou can also set the port to auto-negotiation, which allows the port to determine for itself the best operational mode using the Advertised Abilities and Remote Capabilities of the local and remote [...]

SONET P or t Configur ation 2-77 Bridging When an activ e link is established, the operational mode will be dynamically set based on the modes selected in the Advertised Abilities field and the speeds and modes suppor ted by the attached de vice; see the definition for Advertised Abilities on page 2-75 . Setting the Operational Mode for the FE-1[...]

Bridging 2-78 SONET P or t Configuration The ITU, or International T elecommunications Union (formerly known as the CCITTÑthe Consultative Committee on International T elegraph and T elephone) incorporated the SONET standard into its Synchr onous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) recommendations, which addr ess differ ences between the European and North A[...]

SONET P or t Configur ation 2-79 Bridging Figure 2-25. SONET/SDH ConÞguration W indow T o set the operational mode of the SONET port via the SONET/SDH ConÞguration window: 1. Click on the option b utton adjacent to the appropr iate selection, SONET or SDH , to choose the data transmission standard to be used b y the interface . 2. Click on Appl [...]

Bridging 2-80 SONET P or t Configuration W ith a SONET link, there ar e three levels of err or conditionsÑanomalies, defects, and failures. ¥ Anomalies are small discr epancies between a desired and actual characteristic of an item, which when occurring singly will not interrupt the ability of the SONET network elements to perform their requir e[...]

SONET P or t Configur ation 2-81 Bridging The statistics and errors indicators pr ovided in the SONET/SDH statistics window are taken fr om both the end-to-end Path layer , and from the Section layer between the FE100-Sx or APIM-2x and the Add/Drop Multiplexer to which it is connected. They reßect err ors that may be occurring on your customer pr[...]

Bridging 2-82 SONET P or t Configuration Error s The Errors indicators at the bottom of the SONET/SDH Statistics window show the status of the SONET link as reported by the monitor ed interface, by indicating whether the link has experienced Loss of Pointer , Loss of Signal , or Loss of Frame defects or failures during the curr ent 15-minute inter[...]

SONET P or t Configur ation 2-83 Bridging A state of no transitions that lasts between 2.3 µs and 100 µs is declared an LOS defect . The LOS defect is cleared after a 125 µs interval (the time r equired to transmit one frame on a SONET network) during which no LOS defect is detected. If the LOS defect persists for a period of 2 to 3 seconds, an[...]

Bridging 2-84 SONET P or t Configuration ¥ Errored Seconds ÑThe counter associated with the number of Error ed Seconds, or Far-End Err ored Seconds, encounter ed by a SONET/SDH Path in the speciÞed interval. An Error ed Second (ES) is a second with one or more coding violations (bit parity errors) at the associated layer r eported at the Sectio[...]

Configuring Smar tT runking 2-85 Bridging Configuring Smar tT runking The SmartT runk menu option invokes the SmartT runk ConÞguration and Status window , which allows you to group interfaces logically to achieve gr eater bandwidth between devices when both devices support this feature. Ther e is no limit to the number of ports that can be inclu[...]

Bridging 2-86 Configuring Smar tT runking The SmartT runk ConÞguration and Status window displays all of the ports on the selected device. The following information is given for each port: Po r t Displays each port on the selected module. Use the scroll bar to the right of the list box to view information for all available ports. Name Displays th[...]

Configuring Smar tT runking 2-87 Bridging T o enable or disable SmartT runking at the device level: 1. Click on the option b utton adjacent to the value you wish to set in the De vice Le vel SmartT runk field: Enable or Disable . When the option button is filled, the f ollowing confirmation window ( Figure 2-28 ) will appear : Figure 2-28. Devi[...]

Bridging 2-88 Configuring Broadcast Suppression Configuring Br oadcast Suppression Excessive broadcasts to all ports, or br oadcast storms, can result in sever e network performance problems, and possibly cause the network to crash. Devices which support the broadcast suppr ession feature pr ovide automatic protection against broadcast and multic[...]

T oken Ring Bridge Mode 2-89 Bridging Y ou can also deÞne what level of broadcasts the device will r ecognize as a broadcast storm by specifying the number of br oadcast packets that can be transmitted within a given time period. T o conÞgure a port for br oadcast storm protection: 1. Click to highlight the entry for the port you wish to configu[...]

Bridging 2-90 T oken Ring Bridge Mode Figure 2-31. T oken Ring Bridge Mode W indow The following options are available in the T oken Ring Bridge Mode W indow: T ransparent When the bridge is set to T ransparent mode, the bridge will only transmit transparent frames fr om the T oken Ring connection. If a source r oute frame is received by the bridge[...]

Setting Bridge T ranslation 2-91 Bridging Setting Bridge T ranslation When bridging between Ethernet and T oken Ring networks, it is necessary to alter the MAC (Media Access Control) layer information. The Bridge T ranslation window controls the default frame translation that will occur for T oken Ring frames that are bridged to Ethernet. If the de[...]

Bridging 2-92 Setting Bridge T ranslation Figure 2-32. Bridge T ranslation W indow Enabling and Disab ling A uto and Dual T ranslate Modes When Auto T ranslate mode is enabled, the bridge will learn, from its Ethernet ports, which frame format each source addr ess is using. When the bridge forwards a T oken Ring packet to one of these learned sour [...]

Setting Bridge T ranslation 2-93 Bridging Configuring T oken Ring P acket T ranslation The middle section of the Bridge T ranslation window allows you to select the Ethernet frame format the bridge will use to translate various packet types that have been transported across T oken Ring media. Figure 2-33. T oken Ring Packet T ranslation The three [...]

Bridging 2-94 Setting Bridge T ranslation There ar e two bit-order options: ¥ LSBÑ Least SigniÞcant Bit ¥ MSB ÑMost SigniÞcant Bit T o set the bit order: 1. Click on the empty LSB or MSB option b utton. When the option b utton is filled ( ), the selected bit order is enabled. The IBM T ranslation T able The IBM T ranslation T able allows you[...]

Setting Bridge T ranslation 2-95 Bridging The table contains the following information Þelds: Index Displays the index of an entry in the T oken Ring-to-Ethernet T ranslation table for IBM protocols. This number can be fr om 1 to 20. SAP Displays the SAP (Service Access Point) value of an IBM protocol. The bridge will translate all T oken Ring 802[...]

Bridging 2-96 Setting Bridge T ranslation The SNAP T ranslation T able The SNAP format table contains Ethernet type Þeld entries that the bridge uses to determine how to translate a T oken Ring (802.5 with SNAP) packet to an Ethernet packet. If a T oken Ring packet is received that matches the Ethernet type Þeld of an enabled entry , the bridge w[...]

Using the Nov ell T r anslation Window 2-97 Bridging 3. Click on the entry you w ant to change. The SNAP T ranslation table, Figure 2-38 , will appear . Figure 2-38. SNAP T ranslation T able The T able Entry Þeld will display the index of the entry you are viewing and conÞguring. 1. T o change the SNAP V alue (the type field) of this entr y , hi[...]

Bridging 2-98 Using the Nov ell T ranslation Window T o access the Novell T ranslation window from the Bridge Status window: 1. Click on Bridge to displa y the Br idge menu. 2. Click on No vell T ranslation. The No v ell T ranslation windo w , Figure 2-39 , will appear . T o access the Novell T ranslation window from the Chassis View window : 1. Cl[...]

Using the Ph ysical View Windows f or the ETWMIM 2-99 Bridging If LLC Layer T ranslation is selected, translation is performed within the logical link control layer for Novell packets. This translation pr ovides most signiÞcant bit to least signiÞcant bit conversion on the source/destination MAC addr esses located in the IPX header . The default [...]

Bridging 2-100 Using the Ph ysical View Windows f or the ETWMIM Figure 2-40. Ethernet Port Physical V iew The following status Þelds are available in the Ethernet Port Physical V iew window: Active P or t This Þeld will have an enabled check box next to the active port conÞguration option you have selected for your ETWMIM Ethernet port. ¥ If yo[...]

Using the Ph ysical View Windows f or the ETWMIM 2-101 Bridging ¥ Unknown Ñindicates the status of the EPIM link is unknown, or not valid for the type of EPIM installed. ¥ N/AÑ indicates that the backplane connection is being used. T oken Ring P or t Physical Vie w The Physical V iew option allows you to view and conÞgure the physical set up o[...]

Bridging 2-102 Using the Ph ysical View Windows f or the ETWMIM The following Status Fields are available in the T oken Ring Port Physical V iew window: Ring Speed Displays the current ring speed conÞgur ed for your T oken Ring port. Y ou can change the ring speed from this window by clicking on the option button next to the desired ring speed: 4 [...]

Using the Ph ysical View Windows f or the ETWMIM 2-103 Bridging The left-hand side of the window indicates the results of the curr ent FNB conÞguration, with an X next to the appropriate state of the FNB connection: Connected Left , Connected Right , Bypassed , Right Connection Fault , or Left Connection Fault . For example, if you choose Connect [...]

Bridging 2-104 Using the Ph ysical View Windows f or the ETWMIM[...]

3-1 Chapter 3 FDDI Applications Concentrator Configuration windo w; Connection P olicy window; Station List window; Concentrator P erformance window The FDDI menu, available on devices with an installed and enabled FDDI BRIM, lets you access windows to view information about the Station Management (SMT) entity supported by your FDDI BRIM. The SMT [...]

FDDI Applications 3-2 Accessing the FDDI Menu Accessing the FDDI Menu 1. Click on the FDDI men u in your de vice Chassis View windo w and click again to select the appropriate Station Management ( SMT ) entity to rev eal the f ollowing FDDI menu ( Figure 3-1 ). Figure 3-1. The FDDI Menu 2. Click on the desired selection. When you select one of thes[...]

The Configuration Window 3-3 FDDI Applications The FDDI ConÞguration window displays the following Þelds: MA C State This Þeld indicates the current state of the MAC on the FDDI ring associated with the selected SMT entity . The RMT component of SMT monitors MAC operation and takes actions necessary to aid in achieving an operational ring. RMT [...]

FDDI Applications 3-4 The Configuration Window SMT V ersion Displays the version number of the Station Management (SMT) entity . SMT frames have a version ID Þeld that identiÞes the structur e of the SMT frame Info Þeld. The version number is included in the SMT frame so that a receiving station can determine whether or not its SMT version is a[...]

Connection P olicy Window 3-5 FDDI Applications Concentrator Non-M P or ts This Þeld display the number of non-Master ports (A, B, or S ports) on the modular FDDI BRIM concentrator . Number of MA Cs The number of Media Access Control entities pr esent in the FDDI BRIM, indicating the number of ring port pairs. For the FDDI BRIM, this number will b[...]

FDDI Applications 3-6 Connection P olicy Window The following table summarizes the FDDI connection rules: V – v alid connection X – illegal connection U – undesirab le (but legal) connection P – v alid, but when both A and B are connected to M por ts (a dual-homing configuration), only the B connection is used. The Connection Policy window[...]

Connection P olicy Window 3-7 FDDI Applications Each device has its own connection policy; however , when two devices attempt to connect, their combined established connection policies dictate the connections that will be allowed. In an attempted connection between two nodes, the most lenient policy will determine whether the connection (as long as[...]

FDDI Applications 3-8 Station List Window Station List Windo w The Station List displays the conÞguration of the FDDI BRIM managed ring, including the number of nodes on the ring, node addresses (both Canonical and MAC), node class, and ring topology . Figure 3-4. The Station List W indow The upper section of the Station List window displays infor[...]

Station List Window 3-9 FDDI Applications The Stations Panel section displays a list of the stations on the ring to which the selected SMT is connected, in ring sequence beginning with the MAC, along with each stationÕs node class and current topology . # An index number assigned to each station that indicates its position on the ring in relation [...]

FDDI Applications 3-10 FDDI P erformance Window FDDI P erf ormance Window The FDDI Performance window , Figure 3-5 , pr ovides graphical and numeric performance statistics for the FDDI BRIM, including transmit frames, receive frames, frame errors, lost frames, and ring ops. Figure 3-5. The FDDI Performance W indow The FDDI Performance window displa[...]

FDDI P erformance Window 3-11 FDDI Applications Frame Error s The number of error frames detected by the FDDI BRIMÕs MAC during the selected interval that had not been detected previously by other stations. Err or frames may include frames with an invalid Frame Check Sequence (FCS), with data length errors, or with internal err ors that prevent th[...]

FDDI Applications 3-12 FDDI P erformance Window[...]

4-1 Chapter 4 W AN Applications Viewing W AN Interface Status; configuring the synchronous and T1 connection; displaying the W AN logical settings; Vie wing the W an P or t AdminStatus; enabling and disabling W AN interfaces; displa ying Synchronous por t statistics This chapter describes the options available from the W AN Status menu when a W AN[...]

W AN Applications 4-2 Viewing W AN Interface Status Vie wing W AN Interface Status The W AN Interface Status window displays the conÞguration of the synchronous and/or T1 ports on a BRIM-W6 or BRIM-WT1. This window has two port conÞguration sections Ð one for each W AN port on the device, whether it is synchronous or T1. Y ou can use this window[...]

Viewing W AN Interface Status 4-3 W AN Applications Desired Primary Allows you to assign a port to be your primary port by clicking on the option button under the desired port. Configuring the Synchr onous Connection The Sync Port ConÞguration window displays the current conÞguration of your synchronous W AN connection. The dr op-down menus allo[...]

W AN Applications 4-4 Viewing W AN Interface Status The Sync Port ConÞguration window contains the following Þelds: T ype Displays the type of connection used at the port. Click the associated button to select RS422 , RS232 , V .35 , and Other . Y ou can change the type of connection displayed in this window to match the conÞguration of your phy[...]

Viewing W AN Interface Status 4-5 W AN Applications Configuring T -1 P or ts The T -1 Port ConÞguration window displays the conÞguration of your W AN T1 connection. The drop-down menus in this window allow you to change the conÞguration of the T1 connection without accessing Local Management. Y ou can use the FracT able button to access the W A[...]

W AN Applications 4-6 Viewing W AN Interface Status Circuit ID Allows you to enter a character string speciÞed by the circuit vendor as a cir cuit identiÞer . This is used for a reference during tr oubleshooting processes. Loopback Mode Displays the loopback conÞguration of the DS1 interface. Click on the associated button to select No Loop , Pa[...]

Viewing W AN Interface Status 4-7 W AN Applications Using the T1 FracT able Configuration Window The FracT able ConÞguration window allows you to assign your interfaces to the 24 channels on the T1 line according to the mapping pr ovided by your W AN carrier . T o open the T1 FracT able ConÞguration window from the T1 Port ConÞguration window: [...]

W AN Applications 4-8 Viewing W AN Interface Status The range of interface indices for a BRIMÕs interfaces will start after the indexing of interfaces on the host device, and end at the last interface supported by the W AN port. For example, for an ETWMIM that has a BRIM-W6 with a single 24-channel WPIM-T1 installed in the Þrst BRIM port, the BRI[...]

Viewing W AN Interface Status 4-9 W AN Applications 5. If a channel is not being used by an interf ace you should disab le it by selecting Delete (0) in the interf ace scroll bo x and then clicking on the selected channel. In the preceding window , channels 9-12 are not assigned and are disabled. 6. When you are done making y our changes click on t[...]

W AN Applications 4-10 Displa ying the W AN Logical View Displa ying the W AN Logical View The W AN Logical V iew window displays information about the logical interfaces that comprise your physical W AN port. Although the W AN Logical V iew window has identical Þelds for the T1 and the Synchronous ports, the number of interface entries depends on[...]

Displa ying the W AN Logical View 4-11 W AN Applications MTU Displays the MTU (Maximum T ransfer Unit) for this interface. The MTU is the largest packet size that can be transmitted on the selected interface. Line Coding Displays the line coding set for this interface: INV -HDLC , JBZS , or None . None (the default value) is displayed when the line[...]

W AN Applications 4-12 Viewing the W AN P or t Admin/Status Vie wing the W AN P or t Admin/Status The Admin/Status window displays status information for your W AN port. Depending on the type of port that is active, the Admin/Status window for the Synchronous Port ( Figur e 4-7 ) or the T1 interfaces will display ( Figure 4-8 ). T o access the Admi[...]

Viewing the W AN P or t Admin/Status 4-13 W AN Applications Admin Status The Admin Status toggle button lets you administratively Enable or Disable the port. The Operational Status indicator will reßect the r esults of the administrative action. T1 Admin/Status The T1 Admin/Status window ( Figure 4-8 ) displays the administrative status or operati[...]

W AN Applications 4-14 Displa ying Synchronous P or t Statistics Enabling and Disabling W AN T1 Interfaces From the Interface dr op-down menus, you can administratively enable or disable any of the 24 possible T1 interfaces. 1. F rom the W AN AdminStatus T1 Interfaces window , clic k on the desired Interface button. 2. Click on Enab le to enable th[...]

Displa ying Synchronous P or t Statistics 4-15 W AN Applications Xmit UnderRuns The number of frames that failed to be transmitted on the port because data was not available to the transmitter in time. Xmit UnderRuns are color -coded Blue. Receive OverRuns The number of frames that failed to be received on the port because the r eceiver did not acc[...]

W AN Applications 4-16 Displa ying Synchronous P or t Statistics[...]

5-1 Chapter 5 A TM Configuration Viewing connection data; configur ing P ermanent Vir tual Circuits (PVCs); adding and deleting connection entries The A TM Connections option will be available when you have an A TM BRIM installed and enabled in your device. The A TM interfaces provided by an A TM BRIM provide the connectivity that allows you to m[...]

A TM Configuration 5-2 Accessing the A TM Connections Window Figure 5-1. The Current A TM Connections W indow The Current A TM Connections window provides the following information: Connection Data The Connection Data Þelds provide the following information about each A TM interface available on the device: I/F Displays the index number assigned [...]

Configuring Connections 5-3 A TM Configuration VPI Displays the V irtual Path IdentiÞer assigned to the connection. V irtual Path IdentiÞers are used to group virtual connections, allowing for channel trunking between A TM switches. Each VPI can be conÞgured to carry many differ ent channels (designated by VCIs) between two points. VCI Display[...]

A TM Configuration 5-4 Configuring Connections Delete Deletes the selected connection; a conÞrmation window requir es that you conÞrm the deletion. Refresh Refreshes the connection information displayed in the window . Adding a Ne w Connection T o conÞgure new Permanent V irtual Circuits (PVCs), enter the following information in the text Þel[...]

Configuring Connections 5-5 A TM Configuration 5. Click the Ad d button to add the ne w per manent circuit to the A TM interface. The circuit is automatically enabled, and will remain in place until it is manually remo ved. Deleting a Connection T o delete an existing PVC: 1. In the connections list bo x, click to select the connection y ou wish [...]

A TM Configuration 5-6 Configuring Connections[...]

Inde x-1 Index A Aborted Frames 4-15 Absolute 3-11 Accessing Other Management Options Duplex Modes window 2-10 Ethernet Special Filter Database 2-10 Filtering Database window 2-10 Module Type window 2-9 Performance Graph 2-9 Spanning Tree window 2-10 Active Monitor 2-103 Active Port 2-100 Active Users 1-7 Address 2-21, 2-44 Address Mode 3-8 Address[...]

Inde x Inde x-2 Concentrator M Ports 3-4 Concentrator Non-M Ports 3-5 ConÞguration 3-1 ConÞguration window 2-12 ConÞgure button 4-3, 4-5 Connect A 2-71 Connection Management 3-5 Connection Policy 3-1 window 3-6 Connection rules 3-6 Connection T ype window 2-11 CRC Length 4-11 CSMACD Statistics window 2-5 CSMACD Stats window 2-13 Cumulative 3-11 [...]

Inde x-3 Inde x Frame Check 4-14 Frame Errors 3-11 Frame Relay 4-11 Frames Forwarded 2-17, 2-19 Full Duplex 2-71 G Getting Help 1-8 Global Call Center 1-9 Grouping of virtual connections 5-3 H Hello T ime 2-37 Changing 2-40 Help button 1-7, 1-8 Hold T ime 2-37 I I/F ConÞguration window 2-6, 2-11 I/F Statistics window 2-12 IBM T ranslation T able 2[...]

Inde x Inde x-4 P Packets Received 2-22 Packets T ransmitted 2-22 Path Cost 2-38 Changing 2-41 Performance 3-1 Performance Graph window 2-5, 2-11 Permanent entries 2-42 Permanent V irtual Circuits (PVCs) 5-1 Physical V iew 2-99, 2-101, 4-2 Physical V iew window 2-13 Port # 2-86 Port ConÞguration window 2-6, 2-12, 2-65 Port Filtering 2-45, 2-50 Por[...]

Inde x-5 Inde x SONET/SDH transmission hierarchy 2-78 Source 2-51 Source Addr ess 2-50, 2-51 Source Address T able 2-6, 2-41 Source Addr essing window 2-11 Source Port 2-44 Source Route ConÞguration window 2-6, 2-11 Source Route Statistics window 2-5, 2-11 Source Route T ranspar ent mode 2-56, 2-90 Source Routing 2-2 Source Routing mode 2-56, 2-90[...]

Inde x Inde x-6[...]