Casio EDWKBK300ESPLUS manuale d’uso

Cla s s P ad 3 00 P L U S ClassPad OS Version 2.20 User’s Guide E CASIO Education website URL http://edu.casio.com ClassPad website URL http://edu.casio.com/products/classpad/ ClassPad register URL http://edu.casio.com/dl/[...]

GUIDELINES LAID DOWN BY FCC RULES FOR USE OF THE UNIT IN THE U.S.A. (not appli- cable to other areas). NOTICE This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protec- tion against harmful interference in a residentia[...]

20050501 Getting Ready This section contains important information you need to know before using the ClassPad for the first time. 1. Unpacking When unpacking your ClassPad, check to make sure that all of the items shown here are included. If anything is missing, contact your original retailer immediately . ClassPad Stylus (Inserted in ClassPad.) T [...]

20050501 2. Attaching and Removing the Front Cover u To remove the front cover Before using the ClassPad, remove the front cover and attach it to the back. u To attach the front cover When you are not using the ClassPad, attach the front cover to the front. 2 Getting Ready Important! •A lways attach the front cover to the ClassPad whenever you ar[...]

20050501 4. Replacing Batteries and Setting Up the ClassPad u ClassPad Operation (1) Making sure that you do not accidentally press the o key , attach the front cover to the ClassPad and then turn the ClassPad over . Remove the battery cover from the ClassPad by pulling with your finger at the point marked 1 . (2) Load the four batteries that come [...]

20050501 b. T ap the center of each of the four cross marks as they appear on the display . • If the T ouch Panel Alignment screen does not appear , use the stylus to press the P button on the back of the ClassPad. Important! • It may take a little time for your ClassPad to start up after you press the P button. (6) Adjust the display contrast.[...]

20050501 (7) Specify the display language. a. On the list that appears, tap the language you want to use. •Y ou can select German, English, Spanish, French, or Portuguese. b. When the language you want is selected, tap [Set]. •T apping [Cancel] selects English and advances to the next dialog box. (8) Specify the soft keyboard key arrangement. a[...]

20050501 6 Getting Ready 5. User Registration Before using your ClassPad 300 PLUS or OH-ClassPad PLUS, be sure to read the contents of the file named Readme.html , which is on the bundled CD-ROM. There you will find the URL for a W ebsite where you can register as an of ficial user. http://classpad.net/register/regist_form.html 20060601[...]

20050501 Handling Pr ecautions •Y our ClassPad is made of precision components. Never try to take it apart. •A void dropping your ClassPad and subjecting it to strong impact. •D o not store the ClassPad or leave it in areas exposed to high temperatures or humidity , or large amounts of dust. When exposed to low temperatures, the ClassPad may [...]

20050501 Be sure to keep physical records of all important data! Low battery power or incorrect replacement of the batteries that power the ClassPad can cause the data stored in memory to be corrupted or even lost entirely . Stored data can also be af fected by strong electrostatic charge or strong impact. It is up to you to keep back up copies of [...]

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20050501 Contents Getting Ready 1. Unpacking ................................................................................................... 1 2. Attaching and Removing the Front Cover ............................................... 2 3. Using the Stylus ......................................................................................... 3[...]

20050501 1-7 V ariables and Folders .......................................................................... 1-7-1 Folder T ypes ..................................................................................................... 1-7-1 V ariable T ypes ..............................................................................................[...]

20050501 3 Contents 2-7 Using the Action Menu ......................................................................... 2-7-1 Abbreviations and Punctuation Used in This Section ....................................... 2-7-1 Example Screenshots ....................................................................................... 2-7-2 Displaying th[...]

20050501 3-3 Storing Functions ................................................................................. 3-3-1 Using Graph Editor Sheets ............................................................................... 3-3-1 Specifying the Function T ype ............................................................................ 3-3-2 Storin[...]

20050501 4-3 Drawing a Conics Graph ...................................................................... 4-3-1 Drawing a Parabola .......................................................................................... 4-3-1 Drawing a Circle ................................................................................................ 4-3-4 D[...]

20050501 6-3 Recursive and Explicit Form of a Sequence ...................................... 6-3-1 Generating a Number T able .............................................................................. 6-3-1 Graphing a Recursion ....................................................................................... 6-3-3 Determining the General[...]

20050501 7-6 Using the Statistical Graph Window T oolbar ..................................... 7-6-1 7-7 Performing Statistical Calculations .................................................... 7-7-1 V iewing Single-variable Statistical Calculation Results ..................................... 7-7-1 V iewing Paired-variable Statistical Calculation [...]

20050501 Chapter 9 Using the Numeric Solver Application 9-1 Numeric Solver Application Overview ................................................ 9-1-1 Starting Up the Numeric Solver Application ...................................................... 9-1-1 Numeric Solver Application Window .............................................................[...]

20050501 1 1-5 Editing Presentation Pages ............................................................... 1 1-5-1 About the Editing T ool Palette .......................................................................... 1 1-5-1 Entering the Editing Mode ................................................................................ 1 1-5-1 Editin[...]

20050501 12-7 Including ClassPad Functions in Programs .................................... 12-7-1 Including Graphing Functions in a Program .................................................... 12-7-1 Using Conics Functions in a Program ............................................................. 12-7-1 Including 3D Graphing Functions in a Program[...]

20050501 13-7 Formatting Cells and Data ................................................................. 13-7-1 Standard (Fractional) and Decimal (Approximate) Modes .............................. 13-7-1 Plain T ext and Bold T ext .................................................................................. 13-7-1 T ext and Calculation Data T[...]

20050501 15-7 Specifying the Display Language ..................................................... 15-7-1 15-8 Specifying the Font Set ...................................................................... 15-8-1 15-9 Specifying the Alphabetic Keyboard Arrangement ......................... 15-9-1 15-10 Optimizing “Flash ROM” ..................[...]

20050501 About This User ’ s Guide This section explains the symbols that are used in this user ’s guide to represent keys, stylus operations, display elements, and other items you encounter while operating your ClassPad. ClassPad Keypad and Icon Panel 1 Keypad 2 Icon panel 3 Cursor key 1 Keypad ClassPad keypad keys are represented by illustrat[...]

20050501 On-screen Keys, Menus, and Other Controllers 4 Menu bar 4 Menu bar Menu names and commands are indicated in text by enclosing them inside of brackets. The following examples show typical menu operations. Example 1: T ap the O O O O O menu and then tap [Keyboard]. 5 T oolbar 6 Soft keyboard T abs Example 2: T ap [Analysis], [Sketch], and th[...]

20050501 5 T oolbar T oolbar button operations are indicated by illustrations that look like the button you need to tap. Example 1: T ap $ to graph the functions. Example 2: T ap ( to open the List Editor window. 6 Soft keyboard Key operations on the soft keyboards that appear when you press the k key are indicated by illustrations that look like t[...]

20050501 Getting Acquainted 1-1 General Guide 1-2 T urning Power On and Off 1-3 Using the Icon Panel 1-4 Built-in Applications 1-5 Built-in Application Basic Operations 1-6 Input 1-7 V ariables and Folders 1-8 Using the V ariable Manager Chapter 1[...]

20050501 = ( ) , (–) xz ^ y 쎹 ÷ − + EXE K e y b o a r d O N / O F F C l e a r smMrSh 7 4 1 0 8 5 2 9 6 3 . EXP 1-1 General Guide Front 1-1-1 General Guide Side Back 1 6 7 8 9 2 3 4 5 0 @ # $ ! P[...]

20050501 General Guide The numbers next to each of the items below correspond to the numbers in the illustration on page 1-1-1. Front 1 T ouch screen The touch screen shows calculation formulas, calculation results, graphs and other information. The stylus that comes with the ClassPad can be used to input data and perform other operations by tappin[...]

20050501 9 Keypad Use these keys to input the values and operators marked on them. See “1-6 Input” for details. 0 E key Press this key to execute a calculation operation. Side ! 3-pin data communication port Connect the data communication cable here to communicate with another ClassPad unit or a CASIO Data Analyzer . See “Chapter 16 – Perfo[...]

20050501 Important! •B e sure that you do not misplace or lose the stylus. Keep the stylus in the holder on the right side of the ClassPad whenever you are not using it. •D o not allow the tip of the stylus to become damaged. Using a stylus with a damaged tip to perform touch screen operations can damage the touch screen. •U se only the stylu[...]

20050501 1-2 T urning Power On and Off T urning Power On Y ou can turn on the ClassPad either by pressing the o key or by tapping the touch screen with the stylus. •T urning on the ClassPad (while it is in the sleep state) displays the window that was on the display when you last turned it off. See “Resume Function” below . •N ote that you [...]

20050501 1-2-2 T urning Power On and Of f Limiting the Duration of the Sleep State Y ou can use the [Power Save Mode] setting (page 15-6-1) to limit the duration of the sleep state that is entered by the Resume function. If you have “1 day” specified for [Power Save Mode], for example, the ClassPad remains in the sleep state for one day after p[...]

20050501 1-3 Using the Icon Panel The icon panel of seven permanent icons is located below the touch screen. T apping an icon executes the function assigned to it. The table below explains what you can do with the icon panel icons. Function When you want to do this: T ap this icon: Display the [Settings] menu to set up the ClassPad See “Using the[...]

20050501 To perf orm this type of operation: Select this icon: See Chapter: 2 10 7 13 3 6 4 5 8 9 11 12 16 15 • Access the eActivity function •G eneral calculations, including function calculations •M a t r i x calculations •C omputer Algebra System •C r eate a list of data •P e r f o r m statistical calculations •D r a w a statistica[...]

20050501 Starting a Built-in Application Perform the steps below to start a built-in application. u ClassPad Operation (1) On the icon panel, tap m to display the application menu. (2) If you cannot see the icon of the application you want on the menu, tap the scroll buttons or drag the scroll bar to bring other icons into view . (3) T ap an icon t[...]

20050501 k Using Application Groups Y ou can use application groups to specify the type of applications that appear on the application menu. To select an application group, tap the box in the upper right of the application menu, and then select the group you want from the list that appears. To display these icons: Select this application group: Add[...]

20050501 u ClassPad Operation (1) On the icon panel, tap m to display the application menu. (2) T ap s to display the [Settings] menu. (3) T ap [Move Icon]. (4) T ap the icon you want to move ( J in this example). • This selects the icon. (5) T ap the icon that you want the first icon to follow ( C in this example). • This moves the icon. k Swa[...]

20050501 1-5 Built-in Application Basic Operations This section explains basic information and operations that are common to all of the built-in applications. Application Window The following shows the basic configuration of a built-in application window . Using a Dual Window Display Many applications split the display between an upper window and a[...]

20050501 When using two windows, the currently selected window (the one where you can perform operations) is called the “active window”. The menu bar , toolbar , and status bar contents are all applicable to the active window . The active window is indicated by a thick boundary around it. u To switch the active window While a dual window is on [...]

20050501 Example 1: Choosing the [Edit] menu’s [Copy] item u ClassPad Operation (1) T ap [Edit]. (2) T ap [Copy]. Example 2: Choosing [lim], which is on the [Calculation] submenu of the [Action] menu. u ClassPad Operation (1) T ap [Action]. (2) T ap [Calculation]. • This displays the contents of the • This displays the contents of the [Action[...]

20050501 Using the O O O O O Menu The O menu appears at the top left of the window of each application, except for the System application. k O Menu Items The following describes all of the items that appear on the O menu. 1 T apping [Settings] displays the [Setup] submenu, which you can use to configure ClassPad settings. For more information, see [...]

20050501 k Using the O Menu to Access Windows Most ClassPad applications support simultaneous display of two windows. When two windows are on the display , the one with a thick selection boundary around it is the active window . The displayed menu and toolbar are the ones for the currently active window . Y ou can use the O menu to change the activ[...]

20050501 1-5-6 Built-in Application Basic Operations Using Check Boxes A check box shows the current status of a dialog box option that can be turned on or off. An option is turned on (selected) when its check box has a check mark inside it. An option is turned off when a check box is cleared. T apping a check box toggles the option on (checked) an[...]

20050501 1-5-7 Built-in Application Basic Operations Using Option Buttons Option buttons are used on dialog boxes that present you with a list of options from which you can select only one. A black option button indicates the currently selected option, while the buttons of the options that are not selected are white. Option buttons also appear on m[...]

20050501 Using the Settings Menu Y ou can access the [Settings] menu by tapping s on the icon panel, or by tapping the menu bar ’ s O menu and then selecting the [Settings] submenu. The [Settings] menu contains a number of basic preferences that are applied globally to all of the ClassPad’s built-in applications. The table below shows all of th[...]

20050501 Using the T oolbar The toolbar is located directly underneath the menu bar of an application window . It contains the buttons for the currently active window . k T oggling between Multiple T oolbars With some applications, not all of the buttons can fit on a single toolbar . When this happens, the buttons that cannot fit are placed onto a [...]

20050501 Interpreting Status Bar Information The status bar appears along the bottom of the window of each application. 1 Information about current application 2 Battery level indicator ....................... full ....................... medium ....................... low 3 This indicator flashes between and while an operation is being performed. [...]

20050501 Break dialog box 1-5-1 1 Built-in Application Basic Operations Example: To pause a graphing operation and then resume it u ClassPad Operation (1) Use the Graph & T able application to draw a graph. • For details about graphing, see “Chapter 3 – Using the Graph & T able Application”. (2) While the graph is being drawn, press[...]

20050501 1-6 Input Y ou can input data on the ClassPad using its keypad or by using the on-screen soft keyboard. V irtually all data input required by your ClassPad can be performed using the soft keyboard. The keypad keys are used for input of frequently used data like numbers, arithmetic operators, etc. Using the Soft Keyboard The soft keyboard i[...]

20050501 k Soft Keyboard Styles There are four different soft keyboard styles as described below . •M ath (mth) Keyboard Pressing k will display the keyboard that you last displayed while working in that application. If you quit the application and go into another application, then the 9 (default) soft keyboard appears. Y ou can use the math (mth[...]

20050501 k Selecting a Soft Keyboard Style T ap one of the tabs along the top of the soft keyboard ( 9 , 0 , ( , or ) ) to select the keyboard style you want. 1-6-3 Input To d isplay the 2D keyboard T ap here. Input Basics This section includes a number of examples that illustrate how to perform basic input procedures. All of the procedures assume [...]

20050501 1-6-4 Input Example 2: To simplify 2 (5 + 4) ÷ (23 × 5) u ClassPad Operation Using the keypad keys c2(5+4)/(23*5)E Using the soft keyboard T ap the keys of the math (mth) keyboard or the 2D keyboard to input the calculation expression. c 9 (or ) ) c(f+e)/(cd*f) w Tip • As shown in Example 1 and Example 2, you can input simple arithmeti[...]

20050501 u To delete an unneeded key operation Use d and e to move the cursor to the location immediately to the right of the key operation you want to delete, and then press K . Each press of K deletes one command to the left of the cursor . Example: To change the expression 369 × × 2 to 369 × 2 (1) c369**2 (2) d K Tip •Y ou can move the curs[...]

20050501 u To insert new input into the middle of an existing calculation expression Use d or e to move the cursor to the location where you want to insert new input, and then input what you want. Example: To change 2.36 2 to sin(2.36 2 ) (1) c 9 c.dg x (2) dddddd (3) T s Tip •Y ou can move the cursor without using the cursor key by tapping at th[...]

20050501 k Using the Clipboard for Copy and Paste Y ou can copy (or cut) a function, command, or other input to the ClassPad’s clipboard, and then paste the clipboard contents at another location. u To copy characters (1) Drag the stylus across the characters you want to copy to select them. (2) On the soft keyboard, tap G . • This puts a copy [...]

20050501 1-6-8 Input u Copying and pasting in the message box The “message box” is a 1-line input and display area under the Graph window (see Chapter 3). Y ou can use the two buttons to the right of the message box to copy the message box contents ( G button), or to paste the clipboard contents to the message box ( H button). Copy and paste ar[...]

20050501 1-6-9 Input u T key set T apping the T key displays keys for inputting trigonometric functions, and changes the T softkey to I . Y ou can tap this key to toggle between T and the default 9 keyboard. T apping the = (hyperbolic) key switches to a key set for inputting hyperbolic functions. T ap the = key again to return to the regular T key [...]

20050501 1-6-10 Input Tip • As its name suggests, a single-character variable is a variable name that consists of a single character like “ a ” or “ x ”. Each character you input on the V keyboard is treated as a single- character variable. T o input multiple-character variable names like “ab” or multiple-character strings, you must u[...]

20050501 •T ap I to return to the initial alphabet (abc) key set. u S key set Use this key set to input punctuation and symbols. T ap the J and K buttons to scroll to additional keys. 1-6-1 1 Input •T ap I to return to the initial alphabet (abc) key set. u n key set This key set contains some of the mathematical expression symbols that are also[...]

20050501 1-6-12 Input k Using Single-character V ariables As its name suggests, a single-character variable is a variable name that consists of a single character like “ a ” or “ x ”. Input of single-character variable names is subject to dif ferent rules than input of a series of multiple characters (like “abc”). u To input a single-ch[...]

20050501 u To input a series of multiple characters A series of multiple characters (like “list1”) can be used for variable names, program commands, comment text, etc. Always use the alphabet (abc) keyboard when you want to input a series of characters. Example: 0abc w Y ou can also use the alphabet (abc) keyboard to input single-character vari[...]

20050501 u Catalog (cat) keyboard configuration 1-6-14 Input This is an alphabetized list of commands, functions, and other items available in the category currently selected with “Form”. T ap the down button and then select the category you want ([Func], [Cmd], [Sys], [User], or [All]) from the list that appears. T apping a letter button displ[...]

20050501 1-6-15 Input k Using the 2D Keyboard The 2D keyboard provides you with a number of templates that let you input fractions, exponential values, n th roots, matrices, differentials, integrals, and other complex expressions as they are written. It also includes a V key set that you can use to input single-character variables like the ones you[...]

20050501 1-6-16 Input u To use the initial 2D key set for natural input Example 1: To input + (1) On the application menu, tap J to start the Main application. (2) Press the c key . (3) Press the k key , and then tap ) to display the 2D keyboard. (4) T ap N and then tap b to input the numerator . (5) T ap the input box of the denominator to move th[...]

20050501 1-6-17 Input ∫ 1 0 (1– x 2 ) e x dx Initially , the cursor appears in the input box to the right of ∫ . (5) Input the part of the expression that comes to the right of Σ . kIJ c (6) After everything is the way you want, press E . Example 3: To input (1) T ap ) to display the 2D keyboard and then tap K . (2) T ap P . (3) Input the pa[...]

20050501 1-7-1 V ariables and Folders 1-7 V ariables and Folders Y our ClassPad lets you register text strings as variables . Y ou can then use a variable to store a value, expression, string, list, matrix, etc. A variable can be recalled by a calculation to access its contents. V ariables are stored in folders . In addition to the default folders [...]

20050501 k Current Folder The current folder is the folder where the variables created by applications (excluding eActivity) are stored and from which such variables can be accessed. The initial default current folder is the “main” folder . Y ou can also select a user folder you created as the current folder. For more information about how to d[...]

20050501 k V ariable Data T ypes ClassPad variables support a number of data types . The type of data assigned to a variable is indicated by a data type name . Data type names are shown on the V ariable Manager variable list, and on the Select Data dialog box that appears when you are specifying a variable in any ClassPad application or using the [[...]

20050501 Creating a Folder Y ou can have up to 87 user folders in memory at the same time. This section explains how to create a user folder and explains the rules that cover folder names. Y ou can create a folder using either the V ariable Manager or the “NewFolder” command. k Creating a folder using the V ariable Manager On the V ariable Mana[...]

20050501 (4) T ap w to execute the command. • The message “done” appears on the display to let you know that command execution is complete. 1-7-5 V ariables and Folders Tip •Y ou can use the V ariable Manager to view the contents of a folder you create. For more information, see “1-8 Using the V ariable Manager”. • For information abo[...]

20050501 k Single-character V ariable Precautions Y our ClassPad supports the use of single-character variables , which are variables whose names consist of a single character like “ a ” or “ x ”. Some ClassPad keys ( x , y , Z keypad keys, math (mth) soft keyboard X , Y , Z , [ keys, V key set keys, etc.) are dedicated single-character var[...]

20050501 1-7-7 V ariables and Folders Tip • As shown in the above example, assigning something to a variable with a name that does not yet exist in the current folder causes a new variable with that name to be created. If a variable with the specified name already exists in the current folder , the contents of the existing variable are replaced w[...]

20050501 1-7-8 V ariables and Folders k “library” Folder V ariables V ariables in the “library” folder can be accessed without specifying a path name, regardless of the current folder . Example: To create and access two variables, one located in the “library” folder and one located in another folder u ClassPad Operation (1) With “main[...]

20050501 1-7-9 V ariables and Folders eq2 w Tip • Specifying a variable name that exists in both the current folder and the “library” folder causes the variable in the current folder to be accessed. For details about the variable access priority sequence and how to access variables in particular folders, see “Rules Governing V ariable Acces[...]

20050501 1-7-10 V ariables and Folders Assigning V alues and Other Data to a System V ariable As its name suggests, a system variable is a variable that is created and used by the system (page 1-7-5). Some system variables allow you to assign values and other data to them, while some system variables do not. For more information about which variabl[...]

20050501 1-7-1 1 V ariables and Folders Rules Governing V ariable Access Normally , you access a variable by specifying its variable name. The rules in this section apply when you need to reference a variable that is not located in the current folder or to access a variable that has the same name as one or more variables located in other folders. k[...]

20050501 1-8-1 Using the V ariable Manager 1-8 Using the V ariable Manager The V ariable Manager is a tool for managing user variables, programs, user functions, and other types of data. Though this section uses only the term “variables”, the explanations provided here also refer to the other types of data that can be managed by the V ariable M[...]

20050501 •T apping a folder name on the folder list selects it. T apping the folder name again displays the folder ’s contents; a variable list. Current folder Folder names Number of variables contained in the folder Folder List Number of variables contained in the folder Va riable names V ariable data types (page 1-7- 3) and sizes (bytes) V ar[...]

20050501 V ariable Manager Folder Operations This section describes the various folder operations you can perform using the V ariable Manager . k Specifying the Current Folder The “current folder” is the folder where the variables created by applications (excluding eActivity) are stored and from which such variables can be accessed. The initial[...]

20050501 k Selecting and Deselecting Folders The folder operations you perform are performed on the currently selected folders. The folders that are currently selected on the folder list are those whose check boxes are selected (checked). Y ou can use the following operations to select and deselect folders as required. To do this: Do this: Select a[...]

20050501 1-8-5 Using the V ariable Manager •Y ou cannot delete the “library” folder or the “main” folder . • If no check box is currently selected on the folder list, the folder whose name is currently highlighted on the list is deleted when you tap [Edit] and then [Delete]. • An error message appears and the folder is not deleted if [...]

20050501 k Inputting a Folder Name into an Application Perform the procedure below when you want to input the name of a folder displayed on the V ariable Manager window into the application from which you started up the V ariable Manager . u ClassPad Operation (1) In the Main application, Graph & T able application, or some other application, m[...]

20050501 V ariable Operations This section explains the various operations you can perform on the V ariable Manager variables. k Opening a Folder Perform the steps below to open a folder and display the variables contained inside it. u ClassPad Operation (1) Start up the V ariable Manager and display the folder list. (2) T ap the name of the folder[...]

20050501 1-8-8 Using the V ariable Manager (3) On the dialog box, tap the down arrow button and then select the data type from the list that appears. •T o display variables for all data types, select [All]. • For details about data type names and variables, see "V ariable Data T ypes" on page 1-7-3. (4) After selecting the data type y[...]

20050501 1-8-9 Using the V ariable Manager k Deleting a V ariable Perform the following steps when you want to delete a variable. u ClassPad Operation (1) Open the folder that contains the variable you want to delete and display the variable list. (2) Select the check box next to the variable you want to delete. •T o delete multiple variables, se[...]

20050501 Tip • If no check box is currently selected on the variable list, the variable whose name is currently highlighted on the list is copied or moved. • If a variable with the same name already exists in the destination folder , the variable in the destination folder is replaced with the one that you are copying or moving. • An error mes[...]

20050501 1-8-1 1 Using the V ariable Manager u To unlock a variable (1) Open the folder that contains the variable you want to unlock and display the variable list. (2) Select the check box next to the variable you want to unlock. (3) T ap [Edit] and then [Unlock]. k Searching for a V ariable Y ou can use the following procedure to search the “ma[...]

20050501 1-8-12 Using the V ariable Manager Example of EXPR variable contents k Vi ewing the Contents of a Variable Y ou can use the V ariable Manager to view the contents of a particular variable. u ClassPad Operation (1) Open the folder that contains the variable whose contents you want to view and display on the variable list. (2) T ap the name [...]

20050501 1-8-13 Using the V ariable Manager k Inputting a V ariable Name into an Application Perform the procedure below when you want to input the name of a variable from the V ariable Manager window into the application from which you started up the V ariable Manager . u ClassPad Operation (1) In the Main application, Graph & T able applicati[...]

20050501 2 Using the Main Application The Main application is a general-purpose numerical and mathematical calculation application that you can use to study mathematics and solve mathematical problems. Y ou can use the Main application to perform general operations from basic arithmetic calculations, to calculations that involve lists, matrices, et[...]

20050501 2-1-1 Main Application Overview 2-1 Main Application Overview This section provides information about the following. •M ain application windows •M odes that determine how calculations and their results are displayed •M enus and their commands Starting Up the Main Application Use the following procedure to start up the Main applicatio[...]

20050501 •B asic Main application operations consist of inputting a calculation expression into the work area and pressing E . This performs the calculation and then displays its result on the right side of the work area. Calculation result Input expression •C alculation results are displayed in natural format, with mathematical expressions app[...]

20050501 Main Application Menus and Buttons This section explains the operations you can perform using the menus and buttons of the Main application. • For information about the O menu, see “Using the O Menu” on page 1-5-4. Menu Commands 2-1-3 Main Application Overview *N ormally , inputting and executing an expression like ∫ ( x × sin( x [...]

20050501 Using Main Application Modes The Main application has a number of different modes that control how calculation results are displayed, as well as other factors. The current mode is indicated in the status bar . k Status Bar Mode Indicators 2-1-4 Main Application Overview •U se the [Setup] menu’s [Basic Format] command to change the sett[...]

20050501 Accessing ClassPad Application Windows from the Main Application T apping the down arrow button on the toolbar displays a palette of 1 1 icons that you can use to access certain windows of other ClassPad applications. T apping the ( button, for example, splits the display into two windows, with the List Editor window of the Statistics appl[...]

20050501 Accessing the Main Application Window from Another ClassPad Application Almost all of the ClassPad applications allow you to access the Main application window by tapping O and then [Main]. In the Statistics application and some other applications, you can also access the Main application window by tapping the ~ button. The following are e[...]

20050501 2-2-1 Basic Calculations 2-2 Basic Calculations This section explains how to perform basic mathematical operations in the Main application. Arithmetic Calculations and Parentheses Calculations •Y ou can perform arithmetic calculations by inputting expressions as they are written. All of the example calculations shown below are performed [...]

20050501 Using the e Key Use the e key to input exponential values. Y ou can also input exponential values using the E key on the 9 and ) keyboards. Examples: 2.54 × 10 3 = 2540 c.fe e d w 1600 × 10 –4 = 0.16 bgaaE-e w Omitting the Multiplication Sign Y ou can omit the multiplication sign in any of the following cases. • In front of a functio[...]

20050501 Tip • The “ans” variable is a system variable. For details about system variables, see “1-7 V ariables and Folders”. • Since “ans” is a variable name, you can specify the “ans” variable by inputting [a][n][s] on the 0 (alphabet) keyboard, or by tapping the D key on the 9 or the ) keyboard. • The “ans” variable sto[...]

20050501 Calculation Priority Sequence Y our ClassPad automatically performs calculations in the following sequence. 1 Commands with parentheses (sin(, diff(, etc.) 2 Factorials ( x ! ), degree specifications ( o , r ), percents (%) 3 Powers 4 π , memory , and variable multiplication operations that omit the multiplication sign (2 π , 5A, etc.) C[...]

20050501 Calculation Modes The Main application has a number of different modes, as described under “Using Main Application Modes” on page 2-1-4. The display format of calculation results depends on the currently selected Main application mode. This section tells you which mode you need to use for each type of calculation, and explains the diff[...]

20050501 u Using the u Button to T oggle between the Standard Mode and Decimal Mode Y ou can tap u to toggle a displayed value between Standard mode and Decimal mode format. Note that tapping u toggles the format of a displayed value. It does not change the current Standard mode/Decimal mode setting. Example 1: T apping u while the ClassPad is conf[...]

20050501 k Complex Mode and Real Mode The Complex mode is for complex number calculations, while the Real mode is limited to calculations within the range of real numbers. Performing a calculation in the Real mode that produces a result that is outside the range of real numbers causes an error (Non-Real Result error). u Examples of Complex mode and[...]

20050501 2-3 Using the Calculation History The Main application work area calculation history can contain up to 30 expression/result pairs. Y ou can look up a previous calculation, edit, and then re-calculate it, if you want. V iewing Calculation History Contents Use the scroll bar or scroll buttons to scroll the work area window up and down. This [...]

20050501 Re-calculating an Expression Y ou can edit a calculation expression in the calculation history and then re-calculate the resulting expression. T apping w re-calculates the expression where the cursor is currently located, and also re-calculates all of the expressions below the current cursor location. Example 1 :T o change the expression ?[...]

20050501 Example 2: To change from the Standard mode to the Decimal mode (page 2-2-5), and then re-calculate u ClassPad Operation (1) T ap s on the icon panel, and then tap [Setup] and [Basic Format]. • This displays the Basic Format dialog box. (2) Select the “Decimal Calculation” check box, and then tap [Set]. • This closes the Basic Form[...]

20050501 Deleting Part of the Calculation History Contents Y ou can use the following procedure to delete an individual two-line expression/result unit from the calculation history . u ClassPad Operation (1) Move the cursor to the expression line or result line of the two-line unit you want to delete. (2) T ap [Edit] and then [Delete]. • This del[...]

20050501 2-4-1 Function Calculations 2-4 Function Calculations This section explains how to perform function calculations in the Main application work area. •M ost of the operators and functions described in this section are input from the 9 (math) and ( (catalog) keyboard. The actual keyboard you should use to perform the sample operations prese[...]

20050501 k Tr igonometric Functions (sin, cos, tan) and Inverse T rigonometric Functions (sin –1 , cos –1 , tan –1 ) The first four examples below use “Degree” (indicated by “Deg” in the status bar) as the angle unit setting. The final example uses “Radian” (indicated by “Rad”). For details about the [Setup] menu, see “14-2 [...]

20050501 k Logarithmic Functions (log, ln) and Exponential Functions ( e , ^, k ) Problem Use this keyboard: Operation mth abc cat 2D log1.23 (log 10 1.23) =  Func  l 1.23 w or 0.0899051 1 144 )V 10 e 1.23 w ln90 (log e 90) = 4.49980967  Func  I 90 w or )V0 n e e 90 w log 3 9 = 2  Func  l 3 , 9 w or )V 3 e 9 w 10 1.23 = 16.9824365[...]

20050501 k Hyperbolic Functions (sinh, cosh, tanh) and Inverse Hyperbolic Functions (sinh –1 , cosh –1 , tanh –1 ) Problem Use this keyboard: Operation mth abc cat 2D sinh3.6 = 18.28545536 TRIG Func = 1 3.6 w cosh1.5 – sinh1.5 TRIG Func = 2 1.5 )- 1 1.5 = 0.2231301601 w e –1.5 = 0.2231301601*  MA TH Func  e - 1.5 w cosh –1 ( 20 ) [...]

20050501 k Other Functions (%, , x 2 , x –1 , x !, abs, signum, int, frac, intg, fRound, sRound) Problem Use this keyboard: Operation mth abc cat 2D What is 12% of 1500? 180 SMBL Cmd 1500 * 12 & w What percent of 880 is 660? SMBL Cmd 660 / 880 & w 75% What value is 15% greater SMBL Cmd 2500 *( 1 + 15 & than 2500? 2875 What value is 25[...]

20050501 Problem Use this keyboard: Operation mth abc cat 2D What is the sign of Func [signum] - 3.4567 w –3.4567? –1 (signum returns –1 for a negative value, 1 for a positive value, “Undefined” for 0, and A for an  A  imaginary number .) What is the integer part of CALC Func - 3.4567 w –3.4567? –3 What is the decimal part of Fu[...]

20050501 u “rand” Function • The “rand” function generates random numbers. If you do not specify an argument, “rand” generates 10-digit decimal values 0 or greater and less than 1. Specifying two integer values for the argument generates random numbers between them. Problem Use this keyboard: Operation mth abc cat 2D Generate random n[...]

20050501 2-4-8 Function Calculations u “RandSeed” Command •Y ou can specify an integer from 0 to 9 for the argument of this command. 0 specifies non- sequential random number generation. An integer from 1 to 9 uses the specified value as a seed for specification of sequential random numbers. The initial default argument for this command is 0.[...]

20050501 k Permutation ( n P r ) and Combination ( n C r ) u T otal Number of Permutations u T otal Number of Combinations Problem Use this keyboard: Operation mth abc cat 2D How many different CALC Func } 10 , 4 w permutations are possible when you have 10 different objects and arrange them four at a time? 10 P 4 = 5040 How many different CALC Fun[...]

20050501 The “piecewise” function returns one value when an expression is true, and another value when the expression is false. The syntax of the “piecewise” function is shown below . piecewise(<condition expression>, <return value when true>, <return value when false or indeterminate>[ ) ] or piecewise(<condition expre[...]

20050501 k Equal Symbols and Unequal Symbols (=, ≠ , <, >, < , > ) Y ou can use these symbols to perform a number of different basic calculations. Problem Use this keyboard: Operation mth abc cat 2D To add 3 to both sides of  MA TH Cmd ( X = 3 )+ 3 w x = 3. x + 3 = 6 Subtract 2 from both sides OPTN MA TH Cmd ( Y 5 )- 2 w of y < [...]

20050501 2-4-12 Function Calculations k Solutions Supported by ClassPad (TRUE, F ALSE, Undefined, No Solution, ∞ , const, constn) Solution Description Example TRUE Output when a solution is true. judge (1 = 1) w F ALSE Output when a solution is false. judge (1 < 0) w Undefined Output when a solution is undefined. 1/0 w No Solution Output when [...]

20050501 2-5-1 List Calculations 2-5 List Calculations This section explains how to input data using the Main application or List Editor , and how to perform basic list calculations. Inputting List Data Y ou can input list data from the work area or on the List Editor window. k Inputting List Data from the Work Area Example: To input the list {1, 2[...]

20050501 k LIST V ariable Element Operations Y ou can recall the value of any element of a LIST variable. When the values {1, 2, 3} are assigned to “lista”, for example, you can recall the second value in the “lista”, when you need it. Y ou can also assign a value to any element in a list. When the values {1, 2, 3} are assigned to “lista?[...]

20050501 Using a List in a Calculation Y ou can perform arithmetic operations between two lists, between a list and a numeric value, or between a list and an expression, equation, or inequality . 2-5-3 List Calculations k List Calculation Errors •W hen you perform an arithmetic operation between two lists, both of the lists need to have the same [...]

20050501 2-6 Matrix and V ector Calculations This section explains how to create matrices in the Main application, and how to perform basic matrix calculations. Tip • Since a vector can be viewed as 1-row by n -column matrix or n -row by 1-column matrix, this section does not include explanations specifically about vectors. For more information a[...]

20050501 k Matrix V ariable Element Operations Y ou can recall the value of any element of a MA TRIX variable. When the data 12 34 is assigned to matrix “mat1”, for example, you can recall the element located at row 2, column 1. Y ou can also assign a value to any element in a matrix. For example, you could assign the value “5” to the eleme[...]

20050501 k Inputting Matrix V alues with the ) Keyboard The 6 , 7 , and 8 keys of the ) keyboard make matrix value input quick and easy . To do this: T ap this 2D key: Create a new 1-row × 2-column matrix 6 Create a new 2-row × 1-column matrix 7 Create a new 2-row × 2-column matrix 8 Add a column to the currently displayed matrix 6 Add a row to [...]

20050501 Tip • In step (1) of the above procedure, we added rows and columns as they became necessary . Another way to accomplish the same result would be to add rows and columns to create a blank matrix of the required dimensions, and then start data input. Y ou could create a 2-row × 3-column matrix by tapping 6 , 6 , 7 , or 6 , 8 . In either [...]

20050501 (3) T ap 8 , and then input the values for the second matrix. 2-6-5 Matrix and V ector Calculations Example 3: To multiply the matrix 12 by 5 34 u ClassPad Operation (1) Perform the key operation below in the Main application work area. 9 [[b,c][d,e]]*f (2) T ap w . (4) T ap w . Tip • Note that when adding or subtracting two matrices, th[...]

20050501 2-6-6 Matrix and V ector Calculations Tip •Y ou can perform matrix calculations using the commands of the [Matrix-Calculation] group on the [Action] menu. For information about using these commands, see “2-7 Using the Action Menu”. •Y ou can raise only a square matrix to a specific power . An error occurs when you try to raise a no[...]

20050501 2-7-1 Using the Action Menu 2-7 Using the Action Menu The [Action] menu helps to make transformation and expansion functions, calculus functions, statistical functions, and other frequently used mathematical menu operations easier to use. Simply select the function you want, and then enter expressions or variables in accordance with the sy[...]

20050501 2-7-2 Using the Action Menu Example Screenshots The screenshots below show examples of how input and output expressions appear on the ClassPad display . In some cases, the input expression and output expression (result) may not fit in the display area. If this happens, tap the left or right arrows that appear on the display to scroll the e[...]

20050501 Displaying the Action Menu T ap [Action] on the menu bar to display the menu of 10 submenus shown below . 2-7-3 Using the Action Menu The following explains the functions that are available on each of these submenus. Using the T ransformation Submenu The [T ransformation] submenu contains commands for expression transformation, like “exp[...]

20050501 2-7-4 Using the Action Menu u u u u u expand Function: Expands an expression. Syntax: expand (Exp/Eq/Ineq/List/Mat [ ) ] expand (Exp,variable [ ) ] • Ineq (inequality) includes the “ ⫽ ” (not equal to) relational operator . • If you specify a variable, Exp is decomposed into partial fractions, with respect to the variable. Exampl[...]

20050501 2-7-5 Using the Action Menu u u u u u approx Function: T ransforms an expression into a numerical approximation. Syntax: approx (Exp/Eq/Ineq/List/Mat [ ) ] • Ineq (inequality) includes the “ ⫽ ” (not equal to) relational operator . Example: T o obtain the numerical value of 2 Menu Item: [Action][T ransformation][approx] (Display: N[...]

20050501 2-7-6 Using the Action Menu u u u u u combine Function: Transforms multiple fractions into their common denominator equivalents and reduces them, if possible. Syntax: combine (Exp/Eq/Ineq/List/Mat [ ) ] • Ineq (inequality) includes the “ ⫽ ” (not equal to) relational operator . Example: T o transform and reduce ( x + 1)/( x + 2) + [...]

20050501 2-7-7 Using the Action Menu u u u u u tCollect Function: Employs the product to sum formulas to transform the product of a trigonometric function into an expression in the sum form. Syntax: tCollect (Exp/Eq/Ineq/List/Mat [ ) ] • Ineq (inequality) includes the “ ⫽ ” (not equal to) relational operator . Example: T o transform cos(a) [...]

20050501 2-7-8 Using the Action Menu Using the Calculation Submenu The [Calculation] submenu contains calculus related commands, such as “diff” (differentiation) and “ ∫ ” (integration). u u u u u diff Function: Differentiates an expression with respect to a specific variable. Syntax: diff(Exp/List[,variable] [ ) ] diff(Exp/List,variable,[...]

20050501 2-7-9 Using the Action Menu u u u u u ∫ Function: Integrates an expression with respect to a specific variable. Syntax: ∫ (Exp/List[,variable] [ ) ] ∫ (Exp/List, variable, lower limit, upper limit [, tol ] [ ) ] •“ x ” is the default when you omit [,variable]. •“ tol ” represents the allowable error range. • This comman[...]

20050501 2-7-10 Using the Action Menu u u u u u lim Function: Determines the limit of an expression. Syntax: lim (Exp/List, variable, point [,direction] [ ) ] Example: T o determine the limit of e – x as x approaches ⬁ Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][lim] Example: T o determine the limit of 1/ x as x approaches 0 from the right Menu Item: [Act[...]

20050501 u fMin Function: Returns the minimum point in a specific range of a function. Syntax: fMin(Exp[,variable] [ ) ] fMin(Exp,variable,start value,end value[, n ] [ ) ] •“ x ” is the default when you omit “[,variable]”. •N egative infinity and positive infinity are the default when the syntax fMin (Exp [, variable] [ ) ] is used. ?[...]

20050501 2-7-12 Using the Action Menu u u u u u fMax Function: Returns the maximum point in a specific range of a function. Syntax: fMax(Exp[,variable] [ ) ] fMax(Exp,variable,start value,end value[, n ] [ ) ] •“ x ” is the default when you omit “[,variable]”. •N egative infinity and positive infinity are the default when the syntax fMa[...]

20050501 2-7-13 Using the Action Menu u u u u u taylor Function: Finds a T aylor polynomial for an expression with respect to a specific variable. Syntax: taylor (Exp/List, variable, order [,center point] [ ) ] Example: T o find a 5th order T aylor polynomial for sin( x ) with respect to x = 0 (in the Radian mode) Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][t[...]

20050501 2-7-14 Using the Action Menu u u u u u gcd Function: Returns the greatest common denominator of two expressions. Syntax: gcd (Exp/List-1, Exp/List-2 [ ) ] Example: T o obtain the greatest common denominator of x + 1 and x 2 – 3 x – 4 Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][gcd] u u u u u lcm Function: Returns the least common multiple of two [...]

20050501 2-7-15 Using the Action Menu u u u u u mod Function: Returns the remainder when one expression is divided by another expression. Syntax: mod ({Exp/List} -1, {Exp/List}-2 [ ) ] Example: T o determine the remainder when 26 is divided by 3 (26mod3) Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][mod] Using the Complex Submenu The [Complex] submenu contains [...]

20050501 2-7-16 Using the Action Menu u u u u u conjg Function: Returns the conjugate complex number . Syntax: conjg (Exp/Eq/List/Mat [ ) ] •A n inequality with the “ ⫽ ” (not equal to) relation symbol is also included (only in the Real mode). Example: T o obtain the conjugate of complex number 1 + i Menu Item: [Action][Complex][conjg] u u [...]

20050501 2-7-17 Using the Action Menu u u u u u compT oPol Function: T ransforms a complex number into its polar form. Syntax: compT oPol (Exp/Eq/List/Mat [ ) ] • Ineq (inequality) includes the “ ⫽ ” (not equal to) relational operator . Example: T o transform 1 + i into its polar form (in the Radian mode) Menu Item: [Action][Complex][compT [...]

20050501 2-7-18 Using the Action Menu u u u u u seq Function: Generates a list in accordance with a numeric sequence expression. Syntax: seq (Exp, variable, start value, end value [,step size] [ ) ] Example: T o generate a list in accordance with the expression x 2 + 2 x when the start value is 1, the end value is 5, and the step size is 2 Menu Ite[...]

20050501 2-7-19 Using the Action Menu u u u u u sortA Function: Sorts the elements of the list into ascending order . Syntax: sortA (List [ ) ] Example: T o sort the elements of the list {1, 5, 3} into ascending order Menu Item: [Action][List-Create][sortA] u u u u u sortD Function: Sorts the elements of the list into descending order . Syntax: sor[...]

20050501 u u u u u subList Function: Extracts a specific section of a list into a new list. Syntax: subList (List [,start number] [,end number] [ ) ] Example: T o extract the second through the fourth elements of the list {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} Menu Item: [Action][List-Create][subList] • The leftmost element is the default when you omit “[,start numbe[...]

20050501 u u u u u min Function: Returns the minimum value of an expression or the elements in a list. Syntax: min (Exp/List-1[, Exp/List-2] [ ) ] Example: T o determine the minimum values of the elements in list {1, 2, 3} Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][min] Example: T o compare each element of list {1, 2, 3} with the value 2, and produce a [...]

20050501 Example: T o determine the mean of the elements in the list {1, 2, 3}, whose respective frequencies are {3, 2, 1} Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][mean] u u u u u median Function: Returns the median of the elements in a list. Syntax: median (List-1[, List-2] [ ) ] • “List-2” specifies the frequency of each element in “List-1?[...]

20050501 2-7-23 Using the Action Menu u u u u u sum Function: Returns the sum of the elements in a list. Syntax: sum (List-1[, List-2] [ ) ] • “List-2” specifies the frequency of each element in “List-1”. Example: T o determine the sum of the elements in the list {1, 2, 3} Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][sum] Example: T o determine [...]

20050501 2-7-24 Using the Action Menu u u u u u stdDev Function: Returns the sample standard deviation of the elements in a list. Syntax: stdDev (List [ ) ] Example: T o determine the sample standard deviation of the elements in the list {1, 2, 4} Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][stdDev] u u u u u variance Function: Returns the sample variance[...]

20050501 2-7-25 Using the Action Menu u u u u u percent Function: Returns the percentage of each element in a list, the sum of which is assumed to be 100. Syntax: percent (List [ ) ] Example: T o determine the percentage of each element in the list {1, 2, 3} Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][percent] u u u u u polyEval Function: Returns a polyn[...]

20050501 2-7-26 Using the Action Menu u u u u u sumSeq Function: Finds the lowest-degree polynomial that represents the sequence expressed by the input list and returns the sum of the polynomial. When there are two lists, this command returns a polynomial that maps each element in the first list to its corresponding element in the second list, and [...]

20050501 2-7-27 Using the Action Menu u u u u u augment Function: Returns a matrix that combines two other matrices. Syntax: augment (Mat-1, Mat-2 [ ) ] Example: T o combine the two matrices [[1,2] [3,4]] and [[5,6] [7,8]] Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Create][augment] u u u u u ident Function: Creates an identity matrix. Syntax: ident (natural number[...]

20050501 u u u u u subMat Function: Extracts a specific section of a matrix into a new matrix. Syntax: subMat (Mat [,start row] [,start column] [,end row] [,end column] [ ) ] • “1” is the default when you omit “[, start row]” and “[, start column]”. • The last row number is the default when you omit “[, end row]”. • The last c[...]

20050501 Using the Matrix-Calculation Submenu The [Matrix-Calculation] submenu contains commands that are related to matrix calculations. 2-7-29 Using the Action Menu u u u u u dim Function: Returns the dimensions of a matrix as a two-element list {number of rows, number of columns}. Syntax: dim (Mat [ ) ] Example: T o determine the dimensions of t[...]

20050501 2-7-30 Using the Action Menu u u u u u eigVl Function: Returns a list that contains the eigenvalue(s) of a square matrix. Syntax: eigVl (Mat [ ) ] Example: T o obtain the eigenvalue(s) of the matrix [[3,4] [1,3]] Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Calculation][eigVl] u u u u u eigVc Function: Returns a matrix in which each column represents an eig[...]

20050501 2-7-31 Using the Action Menu u u u u u LU Function: Returns the LU decomposition of a square matrix. Syntax: LU (Mat, lV ariableMem, uV ariableMem [ ) ] Example: T o obtain the LU decomposition of the matrix [[1,2,3] [4,5,6] [7,8,9]] • The lower matrix is assigned to the first variable L, while the upper matrix is assigned to the second [...]

20050501 To display the upper triangular matrix Menu Item: [V AR][CAP][R][EXE] u u u u u swap Function: Swaps two rows of a matrix. Syntax: swap (Mat, row number-1, row number-2 [ ) ] Example: T o swap row 1 with row 2 of the matrix [[1,2] [3,4]] Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Calculation][swap] u u u u u mRow Function: Multiplies the elements of a spe[...]

20050501 2-7-33 Using the Action Menu u u u u u rowAdd Function: Adds a specific matrix row to another row . Syntax: rowAdd (Mat, row number-1, row number-2 [ ) ] Example: T o add row 1 of the matrix [[1,2] [3,4]] to row 2 Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Calculation][rowAdd] u u u u u rowDim Function: Returns the number in rows in a matrix. Syntax: rowD[...]

20050501 2-7-34 Using the Action Menu u u u u u colNorm Function: Calculates the sums of the absolute values of the elements of each column of a matrix, and returns the maximum value of the sums. Syntax: colNorm (Mat [ ) ] Example: T o calculate the sums of the absolute values of the elements in each column of the matrix [[1, –2, 3][4, –5, –6[...]

20050501 u u u u u augment Function: Returns an augmented vector [Mat-1 Mat-2]. Syntax: augment (Mat-1, Mat-2 [ ) ] Example: T o augment vectors [1, 2] and [3, 4] Menu Item: [Action][V ector][augment] u u u u u fill Function: Creates a vector that contains a specific number of elements, or replaces the elements of a vector with a specific expressio[...]

20050501 u u u u u toPol Function: Returns an equivalent polar form [ r ∠θ ]. Syntax: toPol (Mat [,natural number] [ ) ] • This command can be used with a 1 × 2 or 2 × 1 matrix only . • This command returns “ r ” when “natural number” is 1, and “ θ ” when “natural number” is 2. • This command returns a polar form when yo[...]

20050501 u u u u u dim Function: Returns the dimension of a vector . Syntax: dim (Mat [ ) ] Example: T o determine the dimension of the vector [1, 2, 3] Menu Item: [Action][V ector][dim] • The vector [1,2,3] is handled as a 1 × 3 matrix. u u u u u crossP Function: Returns the cross product of two vectors. Syntax: crossP (Mat-1, Mat-2 [ ) ] • T[...]

20050501 u u u u u unitV Function: Normalizes a vector . Syntax: unitV (Mat [ ) ] • This command can be used with a 1 × N or N × 1 matrix only . Example: T o normalize the vector [1, 3, 5] Menu Item: [Action][V ector][unitV] u u u u u angle Function: Returns the angle formed by two vectors. Syntax: angle (Mat-1, Mat-2 [ ) ] • This command can[...]

20050501 2-7-39 Using the Action Menu u u u u u solve Function: Returns the solution of an equation or inequality . Syntax: solve (Exp/Eq/Ineq [,variable] [ ) ] • For this syntax, “Ineq” also includes the ≠ operator . •“ x ” is the default when you omit “[,variable]”. solve (Exp/Eq,variable[, value, lower limit, upper limit] [ ) ][...]

20050501 2-7-40 Using the Action Menu Example: T o solve a differential equation y ’ = x , where y = 1 when x = 0. Menu Item: [Action][Equation/Inequality][dSolve] Example: T o solve the system of first order differential equations y ’ = y + z , z ’ = y – z , where “ x ” is the independent variable, “ y ” and “ z ” are the depen[...]

20050501 2-7-41 Using the Action Menu u u u u u rewrite Function: Moves the right side elements of an equation or inequality to the left side. Syntax: rewrite (Eq/Ineq/List [ ) ] • Ineq (inequality) includes the “ ⫽ ” (not equal to) relational operator . Example: T o move the right side elements of x + 3 = 5 x – x 2 to the left side Menu [...]

20050501 2-7-42 Using the Action Menu u u u u u getLeft Function: Extracts the left-side elements of an equation or inequality . Syntax: getLeft (Eq/Ineq/List [ ) ] • Ineq (inequality) includes the “ ⫽ ” (not equal to) relational operator . Example: T o extract the left side elements of y = 2 x 2 + 3 x + 5 Menu Item: [Action][Equation/Inequ[...]

20050501 u u u u u or Function: Returns the result of the logical OR of two expressions. Syntax: Exp/Eq/Ineq/List-1 or Exp/Eq/Ineq/List-2 • Ineq (inequality) includes the “ ⫽ ” (not equal to) relational operator . Example: T o obtain the result of the logical OR of x = 3 or x > 2 Menu Item: [Action] [Equation/Inequality] [or] u u u u u x[...]

20050501 2-7-44 Using the Action Menu Using the Assistant Submenu The [Assistant] submenu contains two commands related to the Assistant mode. •N ote that the following commands are valid in the Assistant mode only . For more information on the Assistant mode see “Assistant Mode and Algebra Mode” on page 2-2-7. u u u u u arrange Function: Col[...]

20050501 (3) T ap [Interactive], [Transformation], and then [factor]. • This factorizes the selected expression. 2-8 Using the Interactive Menu The [Interactive] menu includes all of the commands contained on the [Action] menu. Listed below are the differences between the [Action] menu and [Interactive] menu. Interactive Menu and Action Menu •W[...]

20050501 2-8-2 Using the Interactive Menu u To factorize from the Action menu (1) T ap [Action], [Transformation], and then [factor]. • This inputs “factor(” into the work area. (2) Input the expression you want to factorize ( x 3 – 3 x 2 + 3 x – 1). (3) T ap w . • This factorizes the selected expression. [Interactive] menu operations c[...]

20050501 (3) T ap [Interactive], [Calculation], and then [ ∫ ]. • This displays the ∫ dialog box. 2-8-3 Using the Interactive Menu (4) On the dialog box, tap “Definite integral” to select it. • This displays boxes for specifying the variable and the lower limit and the upper limit. (5) Input the required data for each of the following t[...]

20050501 2-8-4 Using the Interactive Menu (3) T ap [Interactive] and then [apply]. • This executes the part of the calculation you selected in step (2). The part of the calculation that is not selected ( × cos( x ) + sin( x ) × diff(cos( x ), x )) is output to the display as-is. Using the “apply” Command The “apply” command is included [...]

20050501 2-9-1 Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications 2-9 Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications Y ou can access the windows of other ClassPad applications from the Main application and perform copy , paste, and other operations between them. This section explains how to access the windows of ot[...]

20050501 2-9-2 Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications Closing Another Application’s Window u ClassPad Operation (1) T ap anywhere inside of the window you would like to close. (2) T ap O and then [Close]. • The Main application work area expands to fill the entire display . Tip • Even if you used the icon panel r ic[...]

20050501 2-9-3 Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications (3) Drag the stylus across “ x ^2 – 1” in the work area to select it. (4) Drag the selected expression to the Graph window. • This graphs y = x 2 – 1. This graph reveals that the x -intercepts are x = ± 1. Tip • As can be seen in the above example, a graph[...]

20050501 2-9-4 Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications Using a Graph Editor Window (Graph & T able: ! , Conics: * , 3D Graph: @ , Numeric Solver: 1 ) Y ou can copy expressions by dragging them between the work area window and the Graph Editor , Conics Editor , 3D Graph Editor , and Numeric Solver windows. Example: To c[...]

20050501 2-9-5 Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications (4) Press E to register the expression. • The copied expression is displayed in natural format, with the check box next to it selected. • Y ou could now tap $ to graph the function. Tip • For more information about the Graph Editor window , see Chapter 3. For mor[...]

20050501 2-9-6 Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications u ClassPad Operation (1) On the work area window , tap ( to display the List Editor window in the lower window . (2) Input the following list data into the lists named “list1” and “list2”. list1 = {1, 2, 3} list2 = {4, 5, 6} (3) Make the work area window active[...]

20050501 2-9-7 Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications (4) T ap the List Editor window to make it active. •H ere you can see that list3 contains the result of list1 + list2. (5) T ap the work area window to make it active. (6) Perform the operation {12,24,36} ⇒ test, which assigns the list data {12,24,36} to the LIST v[...]

20050501 (7) T ap the List Editor window to make it active. (8) Scroll the screen to the right until the blank list to the right of “list6” is visible. 2-9-8 Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications (9) T ap the blank cell next to “list6”, input “test”, and then tap w . • This displays the list data {12, 24, 3[...]

20050501 2-9-9 Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications Using the Geometry Window 3 When there is a Geometry window on the display , you can drag values and expressions to the Geometry window to draw the graph or figure of the value or expression. Y ou can also drag a figure from the Geometry window to the work area, which [...]

20050501 2-9-10 Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications (4) Drag the selected expression to the Geometry window . • An ellipse appears in the Geometry window . (5) Drag the stylus across x 2 + y 2 = 1 in the work area to select it. (6) Drag the selected expression to the Geometry window . • A circle appears in the Geom[...]

20050501 2-9-1 1 Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications k Dragging a Figure from the Geometry Window to the W ork Area The following shows what happens when you drag a figure from the Geometry window to the work area. Dropping this into the w ork area: Displays this: Po i n t Line Circle, Arc, Ellipse , Function, or Cur v[...]

20050501 2-9-12 Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications Using the Sequence Editor Window & Displaying the Sequence Editor window from the Main application makes it possible for you to perform the same operations you can perform in the Sequence application. Y ou can also use drag and drop to copy expressions between the[...]

20050501 2-9-13 Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications (4) Drag the selected expression to the T able window . • This creates the table. Tip • The above procedure creates a table in accordance with the current “T able Input” settings. For details about configuring “T able Input” settings, see Chapter 3.[...]

20050501 2-10-1 Using V erify 2-10 Using V erify V erify provides you with a powerful tool to check whether your numeric or algebraic manipulations are correct. V erify will assist you in simplifying an expression by verifying whether or not the expression you entered is equivalent to your original expression. If it is, you will get a pleasant resp[...]

20050501 V erify Menus and Buttons This section provides basic information about V erify menus, commands, and buttons. Tip • O menu items are the same for all applications. For more information, see “Using the O Menu” on page 1-5-4. k File Menu (Main Application Only) To do this: Select this File menu item: Discard the current window contents[...]

20050501 k V erify Buttons To do this: Ta p this V erify button: Clear the V erify window (same as the Clear All command) E Open or save a file (Main application only) R Specify the complex number calculation range for V erify T Specify the real number calculation range for V erify Y Using V erify The following examples show the basic steps for usi[...]

20050501 2-10-4 Using V erify (3) Input 50 and tap w . (4) Following the equal sign (=), input 25 × 3 and tap w . (5) T ap [OK] to close the error dialog that appears.[...]

20050501 (6) Change 25 × 3 to 25 × 2 and tap w . (7) Following the next equal sign (=), input 5 × 5 × 2 and tap w . 2-10-5 Using V erify[...]

20050501 Example 2: To rewrite x 2 + 1 in factored form (1) T ap the left most toolbar icon E to begin a new V erify session. (2) T ap [OK] to clear the window. (3) T ap the down arrow on the toolbar and select T . 2-10-6 Using V erify[...]

20050501 2-10-7 Using V erify (4) Input x ^2 + 1 and press E . (5) Input ( x + i )( x – i ) and press E .[...]

20050501 Using the Graph & T able Application The Graph & T able application allows you to input and graph rectangular coordinate equations (or inequalities), polar coordinate equations, and parametric expressions. After you graph an expression, you can zoom in or out, and move a pointer along the graph, displaying its coordinates as you go[...]

20050501 3-1 Graph & T able Application Overview This section describes the configuration of the Graph & T able application windows and provides basic information about its menus and commands. Starting Up the Graph & T able Application Use the following procedure to start up the Graph & T able application. u ClassPad Operation On th[...]

20050501 Y ou can also use a function on the Graph Editor window to generate a number table or a summary table. Number tables and summary tables are displayed in a T able window . • The Graph Editor window or Graph window is hidden in the background while the T able window is displayed. The Graph & T able application always displays two windo[...]

20050501 To do this: Ta p this Or select this button: menu item: Input a rectangular coordinate type function d T ype - y = T ype Input a polar coordinate type function f T ype - r = T ype Input a parametric function g T ype - ParamT ype Input an X equality h T ype - x = T ype j T ype - y > T ype Input a rectangular coordinate type inequality l [...]

20050501 k Graph Window Menus and Buttons To do this: Ta p this Or select this button: menu item: Cut the character string selected in the message box —E dit - Cut and place it onto the clipboard Copy the character string selected in the message box —E dit - Copy to the clipboard Paste the contents of the clipboard at the current cursor —E di[...]

20050501 To do this: Ta p this Or select this button: menu item: Display the coordinates at a particular point on a graph = Analysis - T race Insert a point, graphic, or text into an existing graph — Analysis - Sketch (page 3-6-1) Obtain the root ( x -intercept) of a graph Y Analysis - G-Solve - Root Obtain the maximum value of a graph U Analysis[...]

20050501 To do this: Ta p this Or select this button: menu item: Display the View Window dialog box to configure Graph 6 O - Settings - window settings View Window Display the T able Input dialog box for configuring settings 8 — Pan the Graph window T — Display the V ariable Manager (page 1-8-1) 5 O - Settings - V ariable Manager k T able W ind[...]

20050501 3-1-7 Graph & T able Application Overview Graph & T able Application Status Bar The status bar at the bottom of the Graph & T able application shows the current angle unit setting and [Complex Format] setting (page 14-3-2). Graph & T able Application Basic Operations This section explains how to input a function on the Grap[...]

20050501 Example 1: To input the function y = 3 x 2 on Sheet 1 and graph it u ClassPad Operation (1) On the application menu, tap T . • This starts the Graph & T able application. (2) In the Graph Editor window , tap the input box immediately to the right of line number y 1. • This locates the cursor in the input box for line y 1. 3-1-8 Gra[...]

20050501 3-1-9 Graph & T able Application Overview (4) T ap $ . • This graphs the expression. The expression is displayed in the message box while the graph is being drawn. Tip • The Graph window message box is for both input and output. It displays information about the function and other information. Y ou can also use it to edit the funct[...]

20050501 Example 2: To input the function r = 3sin2 θ into line 2 of Sheet 1 and graph it In Example 1, we graphed a rectangular expression in the form of y = f ( x ). Y ou can also input polar coordinate expressions, inequalities, and other types of functions for graphing as well. In this example, we input and graph the polar coordinate expressio[...]

20050501 3-1-1 1 Graph & T able Application Overview (4) T ap $ . •S ince there are check marks next to both “ y 1” and “ r 2”, both expressions are graphed.[...]

20050501 3-2-1 Using the Graph Window 3-2 Using the Graph Window This section explains Graph window operations, including configuring display settings, scrolling, zooming the image, and more. Configuring View Window Parameters for the Graph W indow The View Window dialog box lets you specify the maximum and minimum values for each axis, the space b[...]

20050501 3-2-2 Using the Graph Window Polar Coordinates and Parametric Coordinates To select this type of graph: x -log graph y -log graph xy -log graph Do this: Select the x -log check bo x. • This automatically sets “xdot” and “xscale” to “Undefined”. Select the y -log check bo x. • This automatically sets “ydot” and “yscale[...]

20050501 u Vi ew Window parameter precautions •A n error occurs if you input 0 for t θ step. •A n error also occurs if you input a value that is out of range for a parameter , if you input a minus sign only , or if you perform any other illegal input. •A n error occurs if ymin is greater than or equal to the ymax. The same is also of the xmi[...]

20050501 3-2-4 Using the Graph Window u To standardize the View W indow (1) On the application menu, tap T . (2) T ap 6 . This displays the View Window dialog box. (3) T ap [Memory] and then [Standard]. This applies the standard View Window parameters shown below . xmin = – 10 xmax = 10 xscale = 1 xdot = 0.12987012987 ymin = – 10 ymax = 10 ysca[...]

20050501 3-2-5 Using the Graph Window u To recall a setup from View W indow memory (1) On the application menu, tap T . (2) T ap 6 . This displays the View Window dialog box. (3) T ap [Memory] and then [Recall]. This displays a list of names of the View Window setups you have stored in memory . (4) Select the name of the setup you want, and then ta[...]

20050501 3-2-6 Using the Graph Window u ClassPad Operation (1) T ap the Graph window to make it active. (2) T ap T . (3) Holding the stylus anywhere against the Graph window , drag it in the direction you want. • This causes the Graph window to scroll automatically in accordance with the dragging. (4) When the Graph window shows the area you want[...]

20050501 3-2-7 Using the Graph Window u To use box zoom Example: To use box zoom to enlarge part of the graph y = ( x + 5)( x + 4)( x + 3) (1) On the application menu, tap T . (2) On the Graph Editor window , input y = ( x + 5)( x + 4)( x + 3). • For details about how to input an expression, see “Function Storage and Graphing Example” on page[...]

20050501 3-2-8 Using the Graph Window u T o use factor zoom Example: To enlarge the graphs of the following two expressions, by a factor of 5 in both directions, to determine whether they come into contact with each other y 1 = ( x + 4)( x + 1)( x – 3) y 2 = 3 x + 22 (1) On the application menu, tap T . (2) On the Graph Editor window, input y 1 =[...]

20050501 3-2-9 Using the Graph Window k Using Quick Zoom The seven quick zoom commands draw a graph using preset built-in View Window parameter values. View Window Parameter V alues Command Quick Initializ e Quick T rig Quick log ( x ) Quick e ^ x Quick x ^2 Quick – x ^2 Quick Standard xmin xmax xscale ymin ymax yscale –7.7 7.7 1 –3.8 3.8 1 ?[...]

20050501 3-2-10 Using the Graph Window Other Graph Window Operations This section explains how to save a screenshot of the Graph Window , how to redraw a graph, how to make the Graph Editor Window the active window . k Saving a Screenshot of a Graph Use the following procedures to save a screenshot of a graph as image data for later recall. u To sa[...]

20050501 3-3 Storing Functions Use the Graph Editor window to store a Graph & T able application function. This section covers Graph Editor operations, and explains how to store functions. Using Graph Editor Sheets The Graph Editor window has five tabbed sheets named Sheet 1 through Sheet 5, each of which can contain up to 20 functions. Y ou ca[...]

20050501 k Returning Sheets to Their Default Names The procedure below returns the sheet names to their initial default names (Sheet 1 through Sheet 5). u ClassPad Operation (1) T ap the Graph Editor window to make it active. (2) T ap a , [Sheet], and then [Default Name]. • This returns the currently active sheet to its default name. k Initializi[...]

20050501 u ClassPad Operation (1) On the application menu, tap T . (2) On the Graph Editor window , tap the down arrow next to “ y =”, or tap [T ype]. (3) On the list that appears, tap the function type you want to select. Storing a Function This section presents a number of examples that illustrate how to store a Graph & T able application[...]

20050501 u To store an x = equation Example: To store x = 3 y in line x 4 (1) On the Graph Editor window , tap [Type] and then [ x =Type] to specify an x = equation. (2) T ap the box to the right of line number “ x 4”, and then input the equation: 3y . (3) Press E to store the equation. u To store an inequality Example: To store the inequality [...]

20050501 Using Built-in Functions Y our ClassPad is pre-programmed with the commonly used functions listed below . Y ou can recall a built-in function, save it to an Graph Editor sheet, assign values to its coefficients, and graph the results. y = a·x + b y = a·x^ 2 + b·x + c y = a·x^ 3 + b·x^ 2 + c·x + d y = a· sin ( b·x + c ) + d y = a· [...]

20050501 u To save an expression from the message box to the Graph Editor window (1) T ap the Graph window to make it active. (2) Perform a T race operation (see “3-7 Using Trace”) or any other operation that causes the message box to appear . (3) Drag the stylus across the expression in the message box to select it. (4) T ap G . (5) T ap the G[...]

20050501 Deleting All Graph Editor Expressions Use the following procedure to delete all of the expressions on all Graph Editor sheets, and initialize all of the sheet names. (1) On the Graph Editor window , tap [Edit] and then [Clear All]. (2) In response to the confirmation dialog box that appears, tap [OK] to delete all expressions and initializ[...]

20050501 k Specifying the Function Y ou W ant to Graph On the Graph Editor window , you can select one or more functions for graphing by selecting their check boxes. The functions whose check boxes are cleared are not graphed. • This check box is selected, so the function next to it will be graphed when you tap $ . If you do not want to graph thi[...]

20050501 k Quick Graphing of an Expression Using Drag and Drop Y ou can use the following procedure to graph a single function, even when you have multiple functions selected on the Graph Editor window . u ClassPad Operation (1) T ap the tab of the sheet that contains the function you want to graph to make it active. (2) Drag the function you want [...]

20050501 3-3-10 Storing Functions u To save Graph Editor data to graph memory (1) T ap the Graph Editor window to make it active. (2) T ap [GMem] and then [Store]. This displays a dialog box for inputting a name for the graph memory file. (3) Enter the name and then tap [OK]. u To recall a graph memory file (1) T ap [GMem] and then [Recall]. This d[...]

20050501 3-4 Using T able & Graph The Graph & T able application includes a “T able window” for displaying number tables and summary tables generated with the functions you input on the Graph Editor window . Generating a Number T able Y ou can use either of the following two methods to generate a number table using a Graph & T able [...]

20050501 u To generate a number table by specifying a range of values for x using the T able Input dialog box Example: To generate a number table for the function y = 3 x 2 – 2 as the value of x changes from –3 to 1 in increments of 1 (1) On the application menu, tap T . (2) In line y 1 of the Graph Editor window , input and save y = 3 x 2 – [...]

20050501 u To generate a number table by assigning list values to x (1) Create and save the list of values to be assigned. list1 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (2) In line y 1 of the Graph & T able application Graph Editor window , input and save y = 3 x 2 – 2. (3) Specify the list that contains the values you want to assign to x (list1 in this example). ?[...]

20050501 k T able Generation Precautions •T able generation is performed using the currently selected function that is of the current function type selected on the Graph Editor window toolbar . • Though the selected current function type is “ y =” in the above screenshot, there is no “ y =” type function selected on the Graph Editor win[...]

20050501 3-4-5 Using T able & Graph Tip • An error message appears and the number table contents are not changed if you enter an illegal value for x (such as 6 ÷ 0). • The data in a “Y” column (Y1, Y2, etc.) of a table cannot be modified. Deleting, Inserting, and Adding Number T able Lines Y ou can use the following procedures to delet[...]

20050501 3-4-6 Using T able & Graph u To add a number table line (1) T ap the x -value of the bottom line of the number table. (2) T ap [T-Fact] and then [Add]. •A fter adding a new line, you can edit the x -value, if you want. For more information, see “Editing Number T able V alues” on page 3-4-4. •Y ou can add a line anywhere. When y[...]

20050501 Generating a Number T able and Using It to Draw a Graph After using a function to generate a number table, you can use the number table values to draw a graph. Y ou can use number table values to draw two different types of graphs: a “connect type graph” on which points are connected by lines, or a “plot type graph” on which points[...]

20050501 (6) Specify the graph type. •T o specify a connect type graph, tap [Graph] and then [G-Connect], or tap $ . T o specify a plot type graph, tap [Graph] and then [G-Plot], or tap ! . • This draws the graph on the Graph window . Saving a Number T able to a List Y ou can use the following procedure to save a particular column of a number t[...]

20050501 (2) T ap a and then [T able to List]. • This displays a dialog box for specifying a variable name. 3-4-9 Using T able & Graph (3) Enter the name you want to give to the variable, and then tap [OK]. • This assigns the list of data you selected to a variable with the name you specified. • If the variable name you input has not been[...]

20050501 u Specifying all x -values This method generates a reference table by looking up data stored in a list. A LIST variable is used to specify the x -values. When using this method, it is up to you specify all of the correct x -values required to generate the summary table. The summary table will not be generated correctly if you provide incor[...]

20050501 (4) T ap [Memory] and then [Undefined]. • This causes all settings on the View Window dialog box to change to “Undefined”. 3-4-1 1 Using T able & Graph (5) T ap the [OK] button to close the View Window dialog box. (6) T ap 4 . • This starts summary table generation, and displays the result on the T able window . Note that gener[...]

20050501 •T apping $ here graphs the function using the View Window settings automatically configured for summary table generation. 3-4-12 Using T able & Graph Important! •A monotone increasing function or other special function may not be solvable by the ClassPad’s internal summary table calculation. If this happens, use the procedure un[...]

20050501 • For this example, we will specify xmin = –0.5 and xmax = 2. (5) T ap the [OK] button to close the View Window dialog box. (6) T ap 4 . • This starts the summary table generation using the range you specified in step (4), and displays the result on the T able window . (4) Specify the x -values for the summary table by specifying val[...]

20050501 k Generating a Summary T able by Specifying All of the V alues for x In both of the previous examples, summary table generation is performed using View Window settings to calculate values for x that satisfy the function f ⬘ ( x ) = 0. With this table generation method, x -values are not calculated automatically . It is up to you to use a[...]

20050501 (5) T ap the Graph Editor window to make it active. (6) T ap 4 . • This starts summary table generation using the x -values you input in step (4), and displays the result on the T able window . 3-4-15 Using T able & Graph Important! • For the above method to correctly generate a summary table, you must have legal x -values in the l[...]

20050501 3-5 Modifying a Graph A graph can be modified in real time as you change its coefficients and/or the variables. The Graph & T able application provides you with two methods for modifying a graph. Direct Modify “Direct Modify” changes the coefficient in the equation of the original graph. This method can be used when you are modifyi[...]

20050501 3-5-2 Modifying a Graph To do this: T ap the right graph controller arrow . T ap the left graph controller arro w . Do this: Decrease the value of the coefficient Increase the value of the coefficient • The initial increment of change is 1. Y ou can use the Graph Controller dialog box described below to change the increment, if you want.[...]

20050501 (8) T o modify the y 2 graph (2 x + 1), tap the down graph controller arrow to make it the graph active. •Y ou can use the up and down cursor keys or graph controller arrows to switch between the two graphs, as required. •R epeat steps (6) and (7) to modify the currently selected graph. T ap . T ap . 3-5-3 Modifying a Graph (9) T o qui[...]

20050501 Simultaneously Modifying Multiple Graphs by Changing Common V ariables (Dynamic Modify) Use the procedure below to change the values of up to two common variables used in multiple functions to simultaneously modify the graphs. u To modify multiple graphs simultaneously Example: To graph the functions y = a x 2 – b and y = a x + b , and t[...]

20050501 (10) T ap [Modify]. • This graphs the functions using the a and b variable start values you specified on the Graph Controller dialog box, and displays “Modify” on the Graph window . (1 1) Modify the graphs by changing the value of variable a or b . •T o change the value of variable a , press the left or right cursor key , or tap th[...]

20050501 (3) T ap [Modify]. • This graphs the functions using the a and b variable start values you specified on the Graph Controller dialog box, and displays “Modify” on the Graph window . (4) Execute an auto change operation. •T o execute three cycles of an auto change operation for variable a , tap the right graph controller arrow . •T[...]

20050501 Clear figures and text y ou hav e added using the sketch feature Plot a point on the Graph window Draw a line on the Gr aph window Write text on the Graph windo w Draw a line that is tangent to a particular point on a graph Draw a line that is normal to a par ticular point on a gr aph Draw a circle Draw a v er tical line Draw a horizontal [...]

20050501 u To draw a line on the Graph window (1) While the Graph window is active, tap [Analysis], [Sketch], and then [Line]. (2) On the Graph window , tap the start point of the line and then tap the end point. This causes a straight line to be drawn between the two points. The message box shows the equation of the line. • Instead of tapping th[...]

20050501 u To draw a line tangent to a graph Example: To draw a line tangent to the graph y = x 2 – x – 2 when x = 1 (1) In line y 1 of the Graph Editor window , input and save y = x 2 – x – 2. (2) T ap $ to graph the function. (3) T ap [Analysis], [Sketch], and then [T angent]. • This displays the crosshair pointer along with its corresp[...]

20050501 u To graph the inverse of a function Example: To graph y = x 2 – x – 2 and then overlay it with x = y 2 – y – 2 (1) In line y 1 of the Graph Editor window , input and save y = x 2 – x – 2. (2) T ap $ to graph the function. (3) T ap [Analysis], [Sketch], and then [Inverse]. • This graphs the inverse function. The message box b[...]

20050501 u T o draw a vertical or horizontal line Example: To draw a vertical line at x = 2 (1) While the Graph window is active, tap [Analysis], [Sketch], and then [V ertical]. • This displays “V ertical” on the Graph window , and the ClassPad waits for you to draw the vertical line. (2) Press 2 . • This displays a dialog box for specifyin[...]

20050501 3-7 Using T race T race lets you move a point along a graph and displays the coordinates for the current pointer location. Y ou can also link the trace operation to the number table used to draw a graph, so the pointer jumps to the coordinates that are currently selected in the table. Using T race to Read Graph Coordinates Starting the tra[...]

20050501 •Y ou can also move the pointer to a particular point by inputting coordinates. Pressing a number key displays a dialog box for inputting coordinates. Input the values you want and then tap [OK]. •W hen there are multiple graphs on the Graph window , you can use the up and down cursor keys or the up and down graph controller arrows to [...]

20050501 Linking T race to a Number T able This section explains how you can link the movement of the trace pointer to the values in the number table used to draw the graph. This type of operation is called “linked trace”. • For information about generating a number table and performing other table operations, see “3-4 Using T able & Gr[...]

20050501 Generating Number T able V alues from a Graph A “graph-to-table” feature lets you extract the coordinate values at the current pointer location and input them into a table. Example: Generate a table and graph for the expression y = x 3 – 3 x , and input the coordinates for specific points on the graph into a table Use the initial Vie[...]

20050501 (4) T ap the Graph window to make it active. Next, tap [Analysis] and then [Trace]. • This causes a pointer to appear on the graph. (5) Use the cursor key to move the pointer along the graph until it reaches a point whose coordinates you want to input into the table. (6) Press E to input the coordinates at the current cursor position at [...]

20050501 3-8 Analyzing a Function Used to Draw a Graph Y our ClassPad includes a G-Solve feature that lets you perform a variety of different analytical processes on an existing graph. G-Solve Menu Overview To access the [G-Solve] menu, tap [Analysis] and then [G-Solve]. The following describes the commands that are available on the [G-Solve] menu.[...]

20050501 Using G-Solve Menu Commands This section describes how to use each of the commands on the [G-Solve] menu. Note that all of the procedures in this section are performed in the Graph & T able application, which you can enter by tapping the T icon on the application menu. u T o obtain the root of a function Example: To graph the function [...]

20050501 u To obtain the minimum value, maximum value, y -intercept, and inflection of a function Example: To graph the function y = x 2 ( x + 2)( x – 2) and obtain its minimum value (1) Display the View Window dialog box, and then configure it with the following parameters. xmin = –7.7, xmax = 7.7, xscale = 1 ymin = –3.8, ymax = 3.8, yscale [...]

20050501 u To obtain the point of intersection for two graphs Example: To graph the functions y = x + 1 and y = x 2 , and determine their point of intersection (1) Display the View Window dialog box, and then configure it with the following parameters. xmin = –5, xmax = 5, xscale = 1 ymin = –5, ymax = 5, yscale = 2 (2) On the Graph Editor windo[...]

20050501 u T o determine coordinates at a particular point on a graph Example: To graph the function y = x ( x + 2)( x – 2) and determine the y -coordinate when x = 0.5, and the x -coordinate when y = 2.2 (1) Display the View Window dialog box, and then configure it with the following parameters. xmin = –7.7, xmax = 7.7, xscale = 1 ymin = –3.[...]

20050501 u T o determine the definite integral for a particular domain Example: To graph the function y = x ( x + 2)( x – 2) and obtain its definite integral in the domain of 1 < x < 2 (1) Display the View Window dialog box, and then configure it with the following parameters. xmin = –7.7, xmax = 7.7, xscale = 1 ymin = –4, ymax = 4, ysc[...]

20050501 u T o determine the distance between any two points (1) T ap the Graph window to make it active. (2) T ap [Analysis], [G-Solve], and then [Distance]. • This displays “Distance” on the Graph window , and the ClassPad waits for you to specify the first point. (3) T ap the first point on the Graph window. • This causes a pointer to ap[...]

20050501 3-8-8 Analyzing a Function Used to Draw a Graph (2) On the Graph Editor window , input and store y 1 = x 3 – 1 into line y 1, and then tap $ to graph it. •M ake sure that only “ y 1” is selected (checked). (3) T ap [Analysis], [G-Solve], and then [Inflection]. • This causes “Inflection” to appear on the Graph window , with a [...]

20050501 (4) Press 1 . • This displays a dialog box for inputting an interval of values for x , with 1 specified for the lower limit of the x -axis (Lower). (5) T ap the [Upper] input box and then input 2 for the upper limit of the x -axis. (6) T ap [OK]. • This causes a silhouette of the solid of revolution to appear on the Graph window , and [...]

20050501 Using the Conics Application The Conics application provides you with the capability to graph circular , parabolic, elliptic, and hyperbolic functions. Y ou can also use the Conics application to quickly and easily determine the proper focal point, vertex, directrix, axis of symmetry , latus rectum, center , radius, asymptote, eccentricity[...]

20050501 4-1 Conics Application Overview This section describes the configuration of the Conics application windows, and provides basic information about its menus and commands. • The Conics application uses many of the same commands (Zoom, T race, Sketch, etc.) as the Graph & T able application. It is recommended that you familiarize yoursel[...]

20050501 4-1-2 Conics Application Overview Conics Application Menus and Buttons This section explains the operations you can perform using the menus and buttons of the Conics application window . • For information about the O menu, see “Using the O Menu” on page 1-5-4. k Conics Editor Window Menus and Buttons The following describes the menu [...]

20050501 4-1-3 Conics Application Overview k Conics Graph Window Menus and Buttons The following describes the menu and button operations you can perform while the Conics Graph window is active. Zoom - Square — Zoom - Round Zoom - Integer — Zoom - Previous Zoom - Quick Initializ e — Zoom - Quick T rig Zoom - Quick log( x ) — Zoom - Quick e^[...]

20050501 Tip • The [T angent], [Normal], and [Inverse] commands of the Graph & T able application’s Sketch function are not included in the Conics application. • The G-Solve feature of the Conics application performs analysis that is specially suited to conics, and so it operates differently from the G-Solve feature of the Graph & T a[...]

20050501 4-2-1 Inputting Equations 4-2 Inputting Equations This section explains the various ways you can input equations using the Conics Editor window . Using a Conics Form to Input an Equation Preset formats can help you input conics equations quickly and easily . The following table contains a complete list of the types of equations that you ca[...]

20050501 4-2-2 Inputting Equations u To input an equation using a Conics Form Example: To use a Conics Form to input the equation for a parabola with a horizontal axis (principal axis parallel with x -axis) (1) On the application menu, tap C to start the Conics application. (2) On the Conics Editor window , tap q , or tap [Form] and then [Insert Co[...]

20050501 4-2-3 Inputting Equations Inputting an Equation Manually To input an equation manually , make the Conics Editor window active, and then use the soft keyboard for input. T ransforming a Manually Input Equation to a Conics Form After you manually input an equation on the Conics Editor window , you can use the procedure below to transform it [...]

20050501 4-3-1 Drawing a Conics Graph 4-3 Drawing a Conics Graph This section provides examples that show how to draw various types of conics graphs. Drawing a Parabola A parabola can be drawn with either a horizontal or vertical orientation. The parabola type is determined by the direction of its principal axis. k Drawing a Parabola that Opens Hor[...]

20050501 4-3-2 Drawing a Conics Graph Example 2: To draw the parabola x = y 2 + 2 y + 3 u ClassPad Operation (1) In step (2) of the above procedure, select “X = A Y 2 + BY + C” on the Select Conics Form dialog box. (2) In step (3) of the above procedure, change the coefficients of the equation as follows: A = 1, B = 2, C = 3.[...]

20050501 k Drawing a Parabola that Opens V ertically A parabola with a vertical axis is one whose principal axis is parallel to the y -axis. There are two possible equations for a parabola with a vertical axis: y = A( x – H) 2 + K and y = A x 2 + B x +C. u ClassPad Operation (1) In step (2) of the procedure under “Drawing a Parabola that Opens [...]

20050501 4-3-4 Drawing a Conics Graph Drawing a Circle There are two forms that you can use to draw a circle. One form is the standard form, which allows you to specify the center point and radius. The other form is the general form, which allows you to specify the coefficients of each term. k Drawing a Circle by Specifying a Center Point and Radiu[...]

20050501 k Drawing a Circle by Specifying the Coefficients of a General Equation Example: To draw the circle x 2 + y 2 + 4 x – 6 y + 9 = 0 u ClassPad Operation (1) In step (2) of the procedure under “Drawing a Circle by Specifying a Center Point and Radius”, select “AX 2 + A Y 2 + BX + CY + D = 0”. (2) Substitute the following values for [...]

20050501 4-3-6 Drawing a Conics Graph Drawing a Hyperbola A hyperbola can be drawn with either a horizontal or vertical orientation. The hyperbola type is determined by the direction of its principal axis. k Drawing a Hyperbola that Opens Horizontally The standard form of a hyperbola with a horizontal axis is: Example: To draw the hyperbola with a [...]

20050501 4-3-7 Drawing a Conics Graph k Drawing a Hyperbola that Opens V ertically The standard form of a hyperbola with a vertical axis is: u ClassPad Operation (1) In step (2) of the procedure under “Drawing a Hyperbola that Opens Horizontally”, select “ ”. (2) Specify values for the coefficients. ( y – K) 2 – ( x – H) 2 = 1. A 2 B [...]

20050501 4-3-8 Drawing a Conics Graph Drawing a General Conics Using the conics general equation A x 2 + B xy + C y 2 + D x + E y + F = 0, you can draw a parabola or hyperbola whose principal axis is not parallel either to the x -axis or the y -axis, a slanted ellipse, etc. Example: To draw x 2 + 4 xy + y 2 – 6 x + 6 y + 4 = 0 u ClassPad Operatio[...]

20050501 4-4-1 Using T race to Read Graph Coordinates 4-4 Using T race to Read Graph Coordinates T race allows you move a pointer along a graph line and display the coordinates at the current pointer location. Starting the trace operation causes a crosshair pointer ( ) to appear on the graph. Y ou can then press the cursor key or tap the graph cont[...]

20050501 4-5-1 Using G-Solve to Analyze a Conics Graph 4-5 Using G-Solve to Analyze a Conics Graph The G-Solve menu includes commands that let you perform a variety of different analytical processes on a graph drawn on the Conics Graph window . Displaying the G-Solve Menu While there is a graph on the Conics Graph window , tap [Analysis] and then [[...]

20050501 4-5-2 Using G-Solve to Analyze a Conics Graph Using G-Solve Menu Commands The following are some examples of how to perform the Conics application [G-Solve] menu commands. u To determine the focus of the parabola x = 2( y – 1) 2 – 2 (1) On the Conics Editor window, input the conics equation and then tap ^ to graph it. •H ere, input t[...]

20050501 4-5-3 Using G-Solve to Analyze a Conics Graph u To determine the directrix of the parabola x = 2( y – 1) 2 – 2 [Analysis] - [G-Solve] - [Directrix] u To determine the axis of symmetry of the parabola x = 2( y – 1) 2 – 2 [Analysis] - [G-Solve] - [Symmetry] u To determine the latus rectum of the parabola x = 2( y – 1) 2 – 2 [Anal[...]

20050501 u To determine the asymptotes of the hyperbola [Analysis] - [G-Solve] - [Asymptotes] u To determine the eccentricity of the ellipse [Analysis] - [G-Solve] - [Eccentricity] u To determine the x -intercept of the parabola x = 2( y – 1) 2 – 2 [Analysis] - [G-Solve] - [ x -Intercept] Tip • When there are two x -intercepts, press the left[...]

20050501 u For the hyperbola , determine the x -coordinate when the y -coordinate is 0 [Analysis] - [G-Solve] - [ x -Cal] Tip • When there are two x -coordinates, press the left and right cursor keys or tap the left and right graph controller arrows to toggle the display between them. u For the hyperbola , determine the y -coordinate when the x -[...]

20050501 Using the 3D Graph Application The 3D Graph application lets you draw the 3-dimensional graph of the form z = f ( x , y ). 5-1 3D Graph Application Overview 5-2 Inputting an Expression 5-3 Drawing a 3D Graph 5-4 Manipulating a Graph on the 3D Graph Window 5-5 Other 3D Graph Application Functions 5 Chapter[...]

20050501 5-1 3D Graph Application Overview This section describes the configuration of the 3D Graph application window , and provides basic information about its menus and commands. 5-1-1 3D Graph Application Overview 3D Graph Application Window The 3D Graph application has a 3D Graph Editor window and a 3D Graph window . Both of these windows appe[...]

20050501 5-1-2 3D Graph Application Overview 3D Graph Application Menus and Buttons This section explains the operations you can perform using the menus and buttons of the 3D Graph application’s windows. • For information about the O menu, see “Using the O Menu” on page 1-5-4. k 3D Graph Editor Window Menus and Buttons The following describ[...]

20050501 5-1-3 3D Graph Application Overview k 3D Graph Window Menus and Buttons The following describes the menu and button operations you can perform while the 3D Graph window is active. To do this: T ap this bu tton: Or select this menu item: W Zoom - Zoom In E Zoom - Zoom Out — Zoom - View- x — Zoom - View- y — Zoom - View- z — Zoom - V[...]

20050501 3D Graph Application Status Bar The status bar at the bottom of the 3D Graph application shows the current angle unit setting and [Complex Format] setting (page 14-3-2). Rad Deg Cplx Real The angle unit setting is radians. The angle unit setting is degrees. The Complex (comple x number calculation) mode is selected. The Real (real number c[...]

20050501 5-2-1 Inputting an Expression 5-2 Inputting an Expression Use the 3D Graph Editor window to input 3D Graph application expressions. Using 3D Graph Editor Sheets The 3D Graph Editor has five tabbed sheets named Sheet 1 through Sheet 5. Each sheet can contain up to 20 functions. This means you can have up to 100 functions stored in the 3D Gr[...]

20050501 5-2-2 Inputting an Expression Storing a Function Y ou can input expressions as long as they are of the form z = f ( x , y ). Example: To store z = x 2 + y 2 in line z 1 u ClassPad Operation (1) On the application menu, tap D . • This starts up the 3D Graph application and displays the initial screen of the active 3D Graph Editor window .[...]

20050501 5-3-1 Drawing a 3D Graph 5-3 Drawing a 3D Graph This section explains how to draw a 3D graph, as well as how to change the angle of a graph and how to rotate a graph. Configuring 3D Graph View Window Parameters 3D Graph View Window parameters let you specify the maximum and minimum values for the x -, y - and z -axis. Y ou can also specify[...]

20050501 5-3-2 Drawing a 3D Graph • The following are the allowable ranges for the indicated View Window parameters: xgrid and ygrid: 2 to 50; angle θ : – 180  θ  180; angle φ : 0 to 180. • The angle parameters, θ and φ, are always degrees, regardless of the current [Angle] setting on the [Common] tab of the Basic Format dialog box[...]

20050501 3D Graph Example This example shows how to graph the hyperbolic paraboloid z = x 2 /2 – y 2 /8. u ClassPad Operation (1) In the 3D Graph application, make the 3D Graph Editor window active. (2) T ap 7 to display the V iew Window dialog box, and then configure the parameters shown below . xmin = –3 xmax = 3 xgrid = 25 ymin = –3 ymax =[...]

20050501 5-3-4 Drawing a 3D Graph k Selecting the Function to be Graphed The 3D Graph application lets you graph only one function at a time. When you have more than one expression input on the 3D Graph Editor window , you need to select the one you want to graph. T apping the “ ” button next to a function changes the button to “ ”, which i[...]

20050501 5-4-1 Manipulating a Graph on the 3D Graph Window 5-4 Manipulating a Graph on the 3D Graph Window This section describes how to enlarge and reduce the size of a graph, how to change the eye position to view the graph along a particular axis, and how to perform other operations like automatic rotation. Important! •A ll of the operations d[...]

20050501 5-4-2 Manipulating a Graph on the 3D Graph Window • T o view the graph facing the z -axis, tap [Zoom] and then [View- z ], or press the Z key . Rotating the Graph Manually Use the procedures described below to rotate the displayed graph manually . To do this: Rotate the graph to the left Rotate the graph to the right Rotate the graph upw[...]

20050501 5-5-1 Other 3D Graph Application Functions 5-5 Other 3D Graph Application Functions Using T race to Read Graph Coordinates Starting the trace operation causes a crosshair pointer to appear on the graph. Y ou can then press a cursor key or tap the graph controller arrows to move the pointer to the location you want, and read the coordinates[...]

20050501 5-5-2 Other 3D Graph Application Functions Calculating a z -value for Particular x - and y -values Use the following procedure to calculate a z -value for given x - and y -values on the displayed graph. u ClassPad Operation (1) Draw the graph and make the 3D Graph window active. (2) T ap [Analysis], and then [ z -Cal]. • This displays a [...]

20050501 6 Using the Sequence Application The Sequence application provides you with the tools you need to work with explicit sequences and recursive type sequences. 6-1 Sequence Application Overview 6-2 Inputting an Expression in the Sequence Application 6-3 Recursive and Explicit Form of a Sequence 6-4 Using LinkT race Chapter[...]

20050501 6-1-1 Sequence Application Overview 6-1 Sequence Application Overview This section describes the configuration of the Sequence application window , and provides basic information about its menus and commands. Starting up the Sequence Application Use the following procedure to start up the Sequence application. u ClassPad Operation On the a[...]

20050501 6-1-2 Sequence Application Overview k Sequence Editor Window Menus and Buttons O Menu Cut the currently selected object and place it onto the clipboard* Copy the currently selected object and place it onto the clipboard* P aste the current clipboard contents onto the screen Select all objects on the screen* Clear the active windo w Cut Cop[...]

20050501 Buttons 6-1-3 Sequence Application Overview To do this: T ap this button: Create an ordered pair table Create an arithmetic sequence table Create a geometric sequence table Create a progression of diff erence table Create a Fibonacci sequence table Display the Sequence R UN window Specify a n + 1 a 0 as the recursion type Specify a n + 1 a[...]

20050501 k Sequence Graph Window Menus and Buttons Edit Menu The commands on this menu are identical to those for the Sequence Editor window [Edit] menu described on page 6-1-2. Zoom Menu The commands on this menu are identical to those for the Graph & T able application [Zoom] menu described on page 3-1-4. Analysis Menu The [Analysis] menu inc[...]

20050501 Buttons Create a sequence table Display the Sequence Editor windo w Display the Sequence T able Input dialog bo x Display the V ar iable Manager (page 1-8-1) & 8 6 5 # v Display the Vie w Windo w dialog box To do this: T ap this b utton: 6-1-5 Sequence Application Overview k Sequence RUN Window Menus and Buttons Edit Menu The commands [...]

20050501 Sequence Application Status Bar The status bar at the bottom of the Sequence application shows the current angle unit setting and [Complex Format] setting (page 14-3-2). 6-1-6 Sequence Application Overview Angle unit Real mode Rad Deg Cplx Real The angle unit setting is radians. The angle unit setting is degrees. The Complex (comple x numb[...]

20050501 6-2 Inputting an Expression in the Sequence Application In the Sequence application, you input expressions using menus and buttons, without using the soft keyboard at the bottom of the window . Inputting Data on the Sequence Editor Window To input an expression, tap the input location you want ((a), (b), or (c)) to locate the cursor there.[...]

20050501 6-3 Recursive and Explicit Form of a Sequence ClassPad supports use of three types of sequence expressions: a n + 1 =, a n + 2 = and a n E . Generating a Number T able In addition to ordered pair tables, the Sequence application provides you with the means to generate arithmetic sequence tables * 1 , geometric sequence tables * 2 , progres[...]

20050501 (8) T ap the down arrow button next to # , and then select ` to create the table. k Other T able T ypes The following show what the window looks like after you generate other types of tables. 6-3-2 Recursive and Explicit Form of a Sequence Ordered Pair T able Arithmetic Sequence T able In the above example, “4 Cells” is selected for th[...]

20050501 Graphing a Recursion An expression can be graphed as a connect type graph (G-Connect) or a plot type graph (G-Plot). Example: To graph a n +1 = 2 a n +1, a 1 = 1 u ClassPad Operation (1) Start up the Sequence Editor . • If you have another application running, tap m and then H . • If you have the Sequence application running, tap O and[...]

20050501 (7) Configure View Window settings as shown below . xmin = 0 xmax = 6 xscale = 1 x dot: (Specify auto setting.) ymin = –15 ymax = 65 yscale = 5 ydot: (Specify auto setting.) (8) After everything is the way you want, tap [OK]. (9) T ap the down arrow button next to # , and then select + to create the table. (10) Perform one of the followi[...]

20050501 Determining the General T erm of a Recursion Expression The following procedure converts the sequence expressed by a recursion expression to the general term format a n = f ( n ). Example: To determine the general term of the recursion expression a n + 1 = a n + 2, a 1 = 1 u ClassPad Operation (1) Start up the Sequence Editor . • If you [...]

20050501 Calculating the Sum of a Sequence Perform the following steps when you want to determine the sum of a specific range of the sequence of a recursion expression or a general term expression. Example: To calculate the sum of the general term expression a n E = n 2 + 2 n – 1 in the range of 2 < n < 10 u ClassPad Operation (1) Start up [...]

20050501 6-4 Using LinkT race While the T able and Graph windows are on the display , you can activate LinkTrace. T o do this, tap in the T able window to make it active. Next, tap a and then [Link]. While LinkT race is active, the pointer on the Graph window jumps automatically to the point indicated by the coordinates in the currently selected ta[...]

20050501 Using the Statistics Application This chapter explains how to use the Statistics application. Y ou can use the Statistics application to perform a variety of statistical calculations and to graph statistical data. Numeric data stored in lists can be used to perform Statistics application operations. This chapter also includes information a[...]

20050501 7-1-1 Statistics Application Overview 7-1 Statistics Application Overview This section describes the configuration of the Statistics application windows and provides basic information about its menus and commands. The Statistics application provides you with the tools you need to perform the operations listed below . Y ou can also use the [...]

20050501 Starting Up the Statistics Application Use the following procedure to start up the Statistics application. u ClassPad Operation On the application menu, tap I . This starts the Statistics application and displays the List Editor window . 7-1-2 Statistics Application Overview Line number Cell List name cell (variable name) Line Column[...]

20050501 List Editor Window Menus and Buttons This section explains the operations you can perform using the menus and buttons of the Statistical application’s List Editor window . 7-1-3 Statistics Application Overview To do this: T ap this b utton: Or select this menu item: — Open an existing list (page 7-2-3) Edit - Open List — Close the cu[...]

20050501 List Editor Window Status Bar The status bar at the bottom of the List Editor window shows the current angle unit setting (page 14-3-2), statistics View Window setting (page 7-3-2), and decimal calculation setting (page 14-3-2). 3 Rad Deg Auto <blank> Standard Decimal The angle unit setting is radians. The angle unit setting is degre[...]

20050501 7-2-1 Using List Editor 7-2 Using List Editor Lists play a very important role in ClassPad statistical calculations. This section provides an overview of list operations and terminology . It also explains how to use the List Editor , a tool for creating and maintaining lists. Basic List Operations This section provides the basics of list o[...]

20050501 k Creating a List A list starts out with an initial default name like list1, list2, list3, etc. The List Editor allows you to generate list data (list variables) quickly and easily . Note • The List Editor window has six default list variables, named “list1” through “list6”. These lists are system variables that are defined by th[...]

20050501 u To jump to the first or last line of a list (1) Select any cell in the list. (2) On the menu bar , tap [Edit]. (3) Select one of the following commands to perform the type of operation you want. 7-2-3 Using List Editor Mov e the cursor to line 1 of the list J ump to T op J ump to Bottom Select this command: To do this: Mov e the cursor t[...]

20050501 k Closing a List Closing a list saves it under its current list (variable) name. There are two different methods you can use to close a list: using the [Close List] command, and clearing the list name from its list name cell. u To close a list using the “Close List” command (1) On the List Editor window , select any cell of the list yo[...]

20050501 (2) Input the data you want. To input a value •U se the input keypad or soft keyboard that appears when you press k . Y ou can also access the soft keyboard by tapping O Menu. To input a mathematical expression •U se the soft keyboard that appears when you press k . •W hen the “Decimal Calculation” check box is not selected (unch[...]

20050501 7-2-6 Using List Editor u To batch input a set of data Example: To input the values 1, 2, and 3 into list1 (1) On the List Editor window , select the “Cal” cell of the list where you want to input the data (list1 in this example). (2) Enter {1,2,3}. •T o input braces ({}), press k to display the soft keyboard, and then tap the 9 tab.[...]

20050501 Editing List Contents Use the procedures in this section to delete and insert elements, to clear data, and to sort data. u To delete a list cell (1) On the List Editor window , select the cell you want to delete. (2) T ap [Edit]. (3) On the menu that appears, tap [Delete], and then tap [Cell] on the submenu that appears. • This deletes t[...]

20050501 Tip • Note that inserting a cell does not affect the cells in other lists. If you insert a cell in a list that is aligned with another list, the lists will become misaligned when the cells underneath are shifted downwards. Sorting List Data Y ou can use the procedures in this section to sort the data of a list in ascending or descending [...]

20050501 Controlling the Number of Displayed List Columns Y ou can use the following procedures to control how many list columns appear on the Statistics application window . Y ou can select 2, 3, or 4 columns. u To specify the number of columns for the list display On the List Editor window , tap S (two columns), D (three columns) or F (four colum[...]

20050501 7-3 Before T rying to Draw a Statistical Graph Before drawing a statistical graph, you need to first configure its “StatGraph setup” using the [SetGraph] menu. The StatGraph setup allows you to configure parameters to control the graph type, the lists that contain a graph’s data, the type of plot markers to be used, and other setting[...]

20050501 Configuring StatGraph Setups Use the procedure below to display the Set StatGraphs dialog box and configure the nine StatGraph setups. u To display the Set StatGraphs dialog box (1) On the List Editor window, tap [SetGraph] and then [Setting…]. • This displays the Set StatGraphs dialog box. 7-3-2 Before T rying to Draw a Statistical Gr[...]

20050501 u XList T ap the down arrow button, and then select the name of the list (list1 through list6, or a list name you assigned) that you want to use for x -axis data. •Y ou need to specify only an XList in the case of single-variable statistics (page 7-4-1). The initial default [XList] setting is “list1”. u YList T ap the down arrow butt[...]

20050501 7-3-4 Before T rying to Draw a Statistical Graph • The initial default frequency setting is 1. Specifying a list that causes each data value to be plotted five times helps to improve the appearance of scatter plots. •A list of frequency values can contain non-zero integers and decimal values. In the case of a MedBox, ModBox, or MedMed [...]

20050501 7-4 Graphing Single-V ariable Statistical Data Single-variable data is data that consists of a single value. If you are trying to obtain the average height of the members of a single class, for example, the single variable would be height. Single-variable statistics include distributions and sums. Y ou can produce any of the graphs describ[...]

20050501 7-4-2 Graphing Single-V ariable Statistical Data Med-Box Plot (MedBox) This type of graph is often called a “Box and Whisker” graph. It lets you see how a large number of data items are grouped within specific ranges. minX Q1 Med Q3 maxX minX minimum Description Label Meaning The data’ s smallest value Q1 First Quar tile The median b[...]

20050501 7-4-3 Graphing Single-V ariable Statistical Data k Graph Parameter Settings (page 7-3-3, 7-3-4) •[ XList] specifies the list that contains the data to be plotted. • [Freq] specifies the frequency of the data. Tip • When specifying a list of frequency values, make sure that the list contains positive integers only . Non-integer values[...]

20050501 7-4-4 Graphing Single-V ariable Statistical Data T ap [OK]. e A dialog box like the one shown above appears before the graph is drawn. Y ou can use this dialog box to change the start value (HStart) and step value (HStep) of the histogram, if you want. k Graph Parameter Settings (page 7-3-3, 7-3-4) •[ XList] specifies the list that conta[...]

20050501 7-5 Graphing Paired-V ariable Statistical Data With paired-variable statistical data there are two values for each data item. An example of paired-variable statistical data would be the change in size of an iron bar as its temperature changes. One variable would be temperature, and the other variable is the corresponding bar size. Y our Cl[...]

20050501 (9) T ap y to draw the xy line graph. 7-5-2 Graphing Paired-V ariable Statistical Data Drawing a Regression Graph Use the procedures below to input paired-variable statistical data. Next perform regression using the data and then graph the results. Note that you can draw a regression graph without performing the regression calculation. Exa[...]

20050501 7-5-3 Graphing Paired-V ariable Statistical Data (6) T ap [Calc] [Logarithmic Reg] (7) T ap [OK] (8) T ap [OK] " Tip •Y ou can perform trace (page 3-7-1) on a regression graph. T race scroll, however , is not supported when a scatter diagram is displayed.[...]

20050501 Example 2: Input the paired-variable data shown below (which is the same data as Example 1), and then draw the regression graph without performing regression calculation. list1 = 0.5, 1.2, 2.4, 4.0, 5.2 list2 = –2.1, 0.3, 1.5, 2.0, 2.4 u ClassPad Operation (1) m I (2) Input the data shown above. (3) T ap [SetGraph] and then [Setting…],[...]

20050501 Drawing a Linear Regression Graph Linear regression uses the method of least squares to determine the equation that best fits your data points, and returns values for the slope and y -intercept. The graphic representation of this relationship is a linear regression graph. u ClassPad Operation Start the graphing operation from the Statistic[...]

20050501 Drawing a Med-Med Graph When you suspect that the data contains extreme values, you should use the Med-Med graph (which is based on medians) in place of the linear regression graph. Med-Med graph is similar to the linear regression graph, but it also minimizes the effects of extreme values. u ClassPad Operation Start the graphing operation[...]

20050501 Drawing Quadratic, Cubic, and Quartic Regression Graphs Y ou can draw a quadratic, cubic, or quartic regression graph based on the plotted points. These graphs use the method of least squares to draw a curve that passes the vicinity of as many data points as possible. These graphs can be expressed as quadratic, cubic, and quartic regressio[...]

20050501 Cubic Regression Model Formula: y = a · x 3 + b · x 2 + c · x + d a : cubic regression coefficient b : quadratic regression coefficient c : linear regression coef ficient d : regression constant term ( y -intercept) r 2 : coefficient of determination MSe :m ean square error Quartic Regression Model Formula: y = a · x 4 + b · x 3 + c ?[...]

20050501 Drawing a Logarithmic Regression Graph Logarithmic regression expresses y as a logarithmic function of x . The normal logarithmic regression formula is y = a + b · ln( x ). If we say that X = ln( x ), then this formula corresponds to the linear regression formula y = a + b ·X. u ClassPad Operation Start the graphing operation from the St[...]

20050501 Drawing a Exponential Regression Graph ( y = a · e b · x ) Exponential regression can be used when y is proportional to the exponential function of x . The normal exponential regression formula is y = a · e b · x . If we obtain the logarithms of both sides, we get ln( y ) = ln( a ) + b . x . Next, if we say that Y = ln( y ) and A = In([...]

20050501 Drawing a Exponential Regression Graph ( y = a · b x ) Exponential regression can be used when y is proportional to the exponential function of x . The normal exponential regression formula in this case is y = a · b x . If we take the natural logarithms of both sides, we get ln( y ) = ln( a ) + (ln( b )) · x . Next, if we say that Y = l[...]

20050501 Drawing a Power Regression Graph ( y = a · x b ) Power regression can be used when y is proportional to the power of x . The normal power regression formula is y = a · x b . If we obtain the logarithms of both sides, we get ln( y ) = ln( a ) + b · ln( x ). Next, if we say that X = ln( x ), Y = ln( y ), and A = ln( a ), the formula corre[...]

20050501 The following is the sinusoidal regression model formula. y = a ·sin( b · x + c ) + d Tip • Make sure that “Radian” is selected for the [Angle] setting on the Basic Format dialog box (page 14-3-2) before drawing a sinusoidal regression graph. The graph cannot be drawn correctly when the [Angle] setting is “Degree”. • Certain [...]

20050501 Drawing a Logistic Regression Graph ( ) Logistic regression is best for data whose values continually increase over time, until a saturation point is reached. u ClassPad Operation Start the graphing operation from the Statistics application’ s Graph window or List window. From the Graph window T ap [Calc] [Logistic Reg] [OK] [OK] " [...]

20050501 Overlaying a Function Graph on a Statistical Graph Y ou can overlay an existing statistical graph with any type of function graph. Example: Input the two sets of data shown below , and plot the data on a scatter plot. Next, overlay the scatter plot with the graph of y = 2 · ln( x ). list1 = 0.5, 1.2, 2.4, 4.0, 5.2 list2 = –2.1, 0.3, 1.5[...]

20050501 7-6 Using the Statistical Graph Window T oolbar The following describes the operations you can perform using the toolbar on the Statistical Graph window . 7-6-1 Using the Statistical Graph Window T oolbar Display the List Editor windo w ( Display the Gr aph Editor window ! Redraw the displa yed gr aph " Display the Vie w Windo w dialo[...]

20050501 7-7 Performing Statistical Calculations Y ou can perform statistical calculations without drawing a graph by tapping [Calc] on the menu bar . V iewing Single-variable Statistical Calculation Results Besides using a graph, you can also use the following procedure to view the single-variable statistics parameter values. u To display single-v[...]

20050501 V iewing Paired-variable Statistical Calculation Results Besides using a graph, you can also use the following procedure to view the paired-variable statistics parameter values. u To display paired-variable calculation results (1) On the menu bar , tap [Calc] and then [Two-V ariable]. (2) On the dialog box that appears, specify the [XList][...]

20050501 V iewing Regression Calculation Results To view regression calculation results, tap [Calc] on the menu bar and then tap the type of calculation results you want. 7-7-3 Performing Statistical Calculations •Y ou can also use the [DispStat] option to display the last calculated statistical results. For details about regression calculation r[...]

20050501 u To view “residual” system variable values 7-7-4 Performing Statistical Calculations (1) T ap here. (2) T ap here, and enter “residual”. • T o input lower-case alpha characters, tap the soft keyboard’s 0 tab. (3) T ap w . •V alues assigned to the “residual” system variable shows the vertical distances between actually pl[...]

20050501 7-8 T est, Confidence Interval, and Distribution Calculations T est, confidence interval, and distribution calculations are all performed using the ClassPad’s Program application. The following is a general overview of the steps that are involved. 1. Use statistical commands to build the necessary expressions and write them into the prog[...]

20050501 7-8-2 T est, Confidence Interval, and Distribution Calculations (7) T ap { to save the program. (8) T ap ) . (9) On the dialog box that appears, tap the [Name] down arrow button, and then tap the name of the file you input in step (3). (10) T ap p . k Example 2: T wo-W ay ANOV A The values in the table below are measurement results that sh[...]

20050501 u ClassPad Operation (1) m p (2) T ap O . (3) On the New File dialog box that appears, configure the settings as described below . T ype: Pro gra m(N orm al) Folder: Select the name of the folder where you want to save the program you are creating. Name: Enter a file name for the program. Example: hyp (4) T ap [OK]. (5) Input commands and [...]

20050501 7-9-1 Te sts 7-9 T ests The following is a list of tests, and a description of what each one tests for . Z T est Description T est Name The Z T est provides a variety of different tests based on standard deviation based tests . The y make it possible to test whether or not a sample accurately represents the population when the standard dev[...]

20050501 T est Command List k Z T est 1-Sample Z T est Command: OneSampleZT est 䡺 Description: T ests a hypothesis relative to a population mean when population standard deviation is known. A 1-Sample Z T est is used for normal distribution. Z = o – 0 σ µ n o : mean of sample data µ 0 : assumed population mean σ : population standard deviat[...]

20050501 7-9-3 Te sts 2-Sample Z T est Command: Tw oSampleZT est 䡺 Description: T ests a hypothesis relative to the population mean of two populations when the standard deviations of the two populations are known. A 2-Sample Z T est is used for normal distributions. Z = o 1 – o 2 σ n 1 1 2 σ n 2 2 2 + o 1 : mean of sample 1 data o 2 : mean of[...]

20050501 Calculation Result Output µ 1 ≠ µ 2 : test condition z : z value p : p -value o 1 :m ean of sample 1 data o 2 :m ean of sample 2 data x 1 σ n -1 : standard deviation of sample 1 (Displayed only for list format.) x 2 σ n -1 : standard deviation of sample 2 (Displayed only for list format.) n 1 : size of sample 1 n 2 : size of sample 2[...]

20050501 2-Prop Z T est Command: T woPropZT est 䡺 Description: This command compares the proportion of successes for two populations. A 2-Prop Z T est is used for normal distribution. Z = n 1 x 1 n 2 x 2 – p (1 – p ) n 1 1 n 2 1 + x 1 : data value of sample 1 x 2 : data value of sample 2 n 1 : size of sample 1 n 2 : size of sample 2 ˆ p : es[...]

20050501 7-9-6 Te sts k t T est 1-Sample t T est Command: OneSampleTT est 䡺 Description: T ests a hypothesis relative to a population mean when population standard deviation is unknown. A 1-Sample t T est is used for t distribution. t = o – 0 µ σ x n –1 n o : mean of sample data µ 0 : assumed population mean x σ n -1 : sample standard dev[...]

20050501 2-Sample t T est Command: Tw oSampleTT est 䡺 Description: This command compares the population means of two populations when population standard deviation is unknown. A 2-Sample t T est is used for t distribution. t = o 1 – o 2 x 1 n –1 2 σ n 1 + x 2 n –1 2 σ n 2 o 1 : mean of sample 1 data o 2 : mean of sample 2 data x 1 σ n -1[...]

20050501 Definition of T erms µ 1 condition : sample mean value test conditions (“ ≠ ” specifies two-tail test, “<” specifies one-tail test where sample 1 is smaller than sample 2, “>” specifies one-tail test where sample 1 is greater than sample 2.) List(1) : list where sample 1 data is located List(2) : list where sample 2 da[...]

20050501 Linear Regression t T est Command: LinRegTT est 䡺 Description: This command treats two groups of data as paired variables ( x , y ). The method of least squares is used to determine the most appropriate pair for the a , b coefficients of the regression formula y = a + b . x . It also determines the correlation coefficient and t value, an[...]

20050501 k χ 2 T est χ 2 T est Command: ChiT est 䡺 Description: This command tests hypotheses concerning the proportion of samples included in each of a number of independent groups. The χ 2 T est command is used in the case of dichotomous variables, which are variables that have only two possible values (such as “yes” or “no”). Expect[...]

20050501 7-9-1 1 Te sts k 2-Sample F T est 2-Sample F T est Command: Tw oSampleFT est 䡺 Description: This command tests hypotheses concerning the ratio of the population variance of two populations. A 2-Sample F T est uses F distribution. F = x 1 n –1 2 σ x 2 n –1 2 σ Command Syntax Syntax 1 (list format) “ σ 1 condition”, List(1), Lis[...]

20050501 k ANOV A One-W ay ANOV A Command: OneW ayANOV A 䡺 Description: This command tests the hypothesis that the population means of multiple populations are equal. It compares the mean of one or more groups based on one independent variable or factor . Command Syntax FactorList(A), DependentList Definition of T erms FactorList(A): list where l[...]

20050501 7-9-13 Te sts Tw o-W ay ANOV A Command: T woW ayANOV A 䡺 Description: This command tests the hypothesis that the population means of multiple populations are equal. It examines the effect of each variable independently as well as their interaction with each other based on a dependent variable. Command Syntax FactorList(A), FactorList(B),[...]

20050501 7-10-1 Confidence Intervals 7-10 Confidence Intervals A confidence interval is a range of values that has a specified probability of containing the parameter being estimated. A confidence interval that is too broad makes it difficult to get an idea of where the parameter (actual value) is located. A narrow confidence interval, on the other[...]

20050501 Confidence Interval Command List k Z Confidence Interval 1-Sample Z Interval Command: OneSampleZInt 䡺 Description: This command obtains the confidence interval for the population mean when the population standard deviation is known. The confidence interval is obtained using the following expressions. Left = o – Z α 2 σ n Right = o + [...]

20050501 Calculation Result Output Left : interval lower limit (left edge) Right : interval upper limit (right edge) o : mean of sample data x σ n –1 : sample standard deviation (Displayed only for list format.) n : sample size 2-Sample Z Interval Command: T woSampleZInt 䡺 Description: This command obtains the confidence interval for the diffe[...]

20050501 Input Example: Syntax 1 (list format) Tw oSampleZInt 0.95,1,1.5,list1,list2,1,1 Syntax 2 (parameter format) Tw oSampleZInt 0.95,1,1.5,418,40,402,50 Calculation Result Output Left : interval lower limit (left edge) Right : interval upper limit (right edge) o 1 : mean of sample 1 data o 2 : mean of sample 2 data x 1 σ n -1 : standard deviat[...]

20050501 2-Prop Z Interval Command: Tw oPropZInt 䡺 Description: This command obtains the confidence interval of the difference between the proportions of successes of two populations. The confidence interval is obtained using the following expressions. The confidence level is 100 (1 – α )%. Left = – – Z α 2 x 1 n 1 x 2 n 2 n 1 n 1 x 1 1?[...]

20050501 7-10-6 Confidence Intervals k t Confidence Interval 1-Sample t Interval Command: OneSampleTInt 䡺 Description: This command obtains the confidence interval for the population mean when the population standard deviation is unknown. The confidence interval is obtained using the following expressions. The confidence level is 100 (1 – α )%[...]

20050501 2-Sample t Interval Command: T woSampleTInt 䡺 Description: This command obtains the confidence interval for the difference between two population means when the population standard deviations are unknown. The confidence interval is obtained using the following expressions. The confidence level is 100 (1 – α )%. When the two population[...]

20050501 Definition of T erms C-Level : confidence level (0 < C-Level < 1) List(1) : list where sample 1 data is located List(2) : list where sample 2 data is located Freq(1) : frequency of sample 1 (1 or list name) Freq(2) : frequency of sample 2 (1 or list name) Pooled : On or Off o 1 : mean of sample 1 data x 1 σ n -1 : standard deviation[...]

20050501 7-1 1-1 Distribution 7-1 1 Distribution Though there are a number of different types of distributions, the one most commonly used is the “Normal Distribution”, which is an essential type of distribution for statistical calculations. Other types of distributions include the Poisson distribution and geometric distribution. The type of di[...]

20050501 Distribution Command List k Normal Distribution Normal Probability Density Command: NormPD 䡺 Description: This command calculates the probability density of normal distribution from a specified x value. Normal probability density is used for normal distribution. πσ 2 f ( x ) = 1 e – 2 2 σ ( x – µ ) 2 µ ( σ > 0) Command Synta[...]

20050501 7-1 1-3 Distribution Definition of T erms Lower : lower boundary Upper : upper boundary σ : standard deviation ( σ > 0) µ : mean Input Example: NormCD 0.5,0.8,1.23,0.56 Calculation Result Output pr ob : normal distribution probability p z Low : standardized lower limit z value z Up : standardized upper limit z value Inverse Cumulativ[...]

20050501 7-1 1-4 Distribution Calculation Result Output x : inverse cumulative normal distribution (Upper integration interval boundary when T ail:Left) (Lower integration interval boundary when T ail:Right) (Upper and lower integration interval boundaries when T ail:Central) k t Distribution Student- t Probability Density Command: TPD 䡺 Descript[...]

20050501 7-1 1-5 Distribution Definition of T erms Lower : lower boundary Upper : upper boundary df : degrees of freedom ( df > 0) Input Example: TCD 1.7,1000,6 Calculation Result Output p :S tudent- t distribution probability t Low : lower boundary value you input t Up : upper boundary value you input k χ 2 Distribution χ 2 Probability Densit[...]

20050501 χ 2 Distribution Probability Command: ChiCD 䡺 Description: This command calculates the probability of χ 2 distribution data falling between a and b . p = Γ 1 2 df df 2 x e dx 2 1 df 2 –1 x 2 – a b a : lower boundary (Lower) b : upper boundary (Upper) Command Syntax Lower value, Upper value, df value Definition of T erms Lower : lo[...]

20050501 7-1 1-7 Distribution Input Example: FPD 1.7,2,3 Calculation Result Output p : F probability density F Distribution Probability Command: FCD 䡺 Description: This command calculates the probability of F distribution data falling between a and b . p = Γ n 2 dx x d n n 2 –1 2 n Γ 2 n + d Γ 2 d d n . x 1 + n + d 2 – a b a : lower bounda[...]

20050501 7-1 1-8 Distribution Command Syntax x value, Numtrial value, p -value Definition of T erms x : specified data (integer from 0 to n) Numtrial : number of trials ( n ) p : probability of success (0 < p < 1) Input Example: BinomialPD 30,40,0.38 Calculation Result Output p : binomial probability Binomial Cumulative Probability Command: B[...]

20050501 k Poisson Distribution Poisson Probability Command: PoissonPD 䡺 Description: This command calculates the probability that a random variable that follows a Poisson distribution will be a given x value. f ( x ) = x! e – x µ µ ( x = 0, 1, 2, ···) µ :m ean ( µ > 0) Command Syntax x value, µ value Definition of T erms x : specifi[...]

20050501 k Geometric Distribution Geometric Probability Command: GeoPD 䡺 Description: This command calculates the probability that a random variable that follows a geometric distribution will be a given x value. f ( x ) = p (1– p ) x – 1 ( x = 1, 2, 3, ···) Command Syntax x value, p -value Definition of T erms x : specified data (integer ([...]

20050501 7-12 Statistical System V ariables Performing a statistical calculation, graphing operation, or other operation causes calculation results to be assigned to pre-arranged system variables. For more information, see the “System V ariable T able” on page α -7-1. 7-12-1 Statistical System V ariables[...]

20050501 Using the Geometry Application The Geometry application allows you to draw and analyze geometric figures. Y ou can draw a triangle and specify values to change the size of its sides so they are 3:4:5, and then check the measurement of each of its angles. Or you can draw a circle and then draw a line that is tangent to a particular point on[...]

20050501 8-1-1 Geometry Application Overview 8-1 Geometry Application Overview The Geometry application provides you with the following capabilities. • The [Draw] menu provides commands for drawing points, lines, polygons, regular polygons, circles, ellipses, and other geometric figures. Y ou can also draw functions. Once drawn, a figure can be m[...]

20050501 •T apping the toolbar ’s right arrow button displays a measurement box. The measurement box displays information for the items that are selected on the window . For example, you can view the coordinates of a point, the length and slope of a line segment, the size of an angle, etc. Y ou can also use the measurement box to change measure[...]

20050501 Geometry Application Menus and Buttons This section describes the configuration of the Geometry application windows and provides basic information about its menus and commands. Tip • O menu items are the same for all applications. For more information, see “ Using the O Menu” on page 1-5-4. • The View Window ( O - [Settings] - [V i[...]

20050501 k Vi ew Menu 8-1-4 Geometry Application Overview To do this: T ap this button: Or select this View menu item: Zoom Box T Q Activate the pan function f or dragging the Graph window with the stylus Pa n W Enlarge the display image Zoom In E Reduce the size of the displa y image Zoom Out R Adjust the size of the displa y image so it fills the[...]

20050501 k Other Buttons The two operations described below are available from the toolbar only . There is no corre- sponding menu command for these buttons. 8-1-5 Geometry Application Overview Activate Select (page 8-3-1) T ap G and then tap the figure. Mov e a selected figure T ap G and then drag the figure. Activate T oggle Select (page 8-3-2) T[...]

20050501 8-2-1 Drawing Figures [Draw] menu commands T oolbar These [Draw] menu commands correspond to the toolbar shown below . Point Infinite Line Circle Ellipse Polygon Line Segment V ector Arc Function 8-2 Drawing Figures This section explains how to use the Geometry application to draw various types of figures. It also explains how to use the g[...]

20050501 u To draw a line segment using the menu command (1) T ap [Draw] and then [Line Segment]. • This highlights the line segment button on the toolbar . (2) T ap the screen where you want the line segment to begin, and a point will be drawn, and then tap the point where you want it to end. 8-2-2 Drawing Figures Tip • Use [Edit] - [Clear All[...]

20050501 u To draw a line segment using the toolbar (1) T ap the second down arrow on the toolbar . This opens the [Draw] menu’s icon palette. (2) T ap the line segment button on the toolbar to highlight it. (3) T ap the screen where you want the line segment to begin. This plots a point. (4) T ap the beginning point again and, without lifting th[...]

20050501 u To add a labeled point to an existing line Y ou can use the following procedure to add a labeled point to an existing line, to a side of an n-gon, to the periphery of a circle or ellipse, etc. (1) T ap [Draw] and then [Point]. • This highlights the point button on the toolbar . (2) Drag the stylus on the screen towards the line where y[...]

20050501 8-2-5 Drawing Figures u To draw a vector (1) T ap [Draw] and then [Vector]. • This highlights the vector button on the toolbar . (2) T ap the point where you want the vector to start, and then its end point. •Y ou could also tap one point, and then drag to the vector end point. u To draw a circle (1) T ap [Draw] and then [Circle]. • [...]

20050501 8-2-6 Drawing Figures u To draw a function Example: To draw y ( x ) = x 2 – 1 (1) T ap [Draw] and then [Function]. • This causes the Function dialog box and a soft keyboard to appear . (2) Input the function. (3) T ap [OK] to draw it. u To draw an arc (1) T ap [Draw] and then [Arc]. • This highlights the arc button on the toolbar . ([...]

20050501 u To draw an ellipse Note When you draw an ellipse, you need to specify the following three elements: center point, Point 1 and Point 2. Point 1 is used to define the minor axis (nearest point on the edge from the center point), and Point 2 is used to define the major axis (farthest point on the edge from the center point). 8-2-7 Drawing F[...]

20050501 u To draw a polygon (1) T ap [Draw] and then [Polygon]. • This highlights the polygon button on the toolbar . (2) T ap the point from which you want the polygon to start. (3) Sequentially tap each of the vertices of the polygon. (4) Finally , tap the start point again to complete the polygon. 8-2-8 Drawing Figures[...]

20050501 Using the Special Shape Submenu The [Special Shape] submenu allows you to draw specially shaped figures automatically . Simply select the type of figure you want from the menu, and then touch the screen with the stylus to draw it. Or , touch the screen with your stylus and drag to create a box indicating the size of the figure you would li[...]

20050501 u To draw a triangle (1) T ap [Draw], [Special Shape], and then [Triangle]. • This highlights the triangle button on the toolbar . (2) Perform either of the following two operations to draw the triangle. •T ap the screen with the stylus. This automatically draws the acute triangle you selected. •P lace the stylus on the screen and dr[...]

20050501 (3) Perform either of the following two operations to draw the regular polygon. •T ap the screen with the stylus. This automatically draws the polygon you selected. •P lace the stylus on the screen and drag diagonally in any direction. This causes a selection boundary to appear , indicating the size of the polygon that will be drawn. T[...]

20050501 Using the Construct Submenu The [Construct] submenu provides you with the means to study various geometric theorems. In addition to tools for constructing a perpendicular bisector , perpendicular line, angle bisector , midpoint, intersection, parallel lines and a tangent to a curve, you can also translate, rotate, reflect, dilate, or trans[...]

20050501 8-2-13 Drawing Figures u To construct a perpendicular bisector (1) Draw a line segment. (2) T ap G , and then select the line segment. (3) T ap [Draw], [Construct], and then [Perp. Bisector]. • This draws a perpendicular bisector through your line segment. u To construct an angle bisector (1) Draw two line segments so they form an angle.[...]

20050501 8-2-14 Drawing Figures u To construct a midpoint (1) Draw a line segment. (2) T ap G , and then select the line segment. (3) T ap [Draw], [Construct], and then [Midpoint]. • This adds a midpoint to the segment. u To construct the point of intersection of two lines (1) Draw two lines that intersect. (2) T ap G , and then select both lines[...]

20050501 8-2-15 Drawing Figures u To construct a perpendicular line that passes through a specified point on a line (1) Draw a line segment or an infinite line. (2) Draw a point on the line through which you want the perpendicular line to pass. (3) T ap G , and then select the point and the line. (4) T ap [Draw], [Construct], and then [Perpendicula[...]

20050501 8-2-16 Drawing Figures u To construct a tangent to a curve through a specified point (1) Draw a curve, such as an ellipse. (2) T ap [Draw], [Construct], and then [T angent to Curve]. • This highlights the tangent to a curve button on the toolbar . (3) T ap the point of tangency on the curve. • This draws the tangent. u To translate a l[...]

20050501 8-2-17 Drawing Figures (1) Draw a line segment (AB), and a vector to use in the translation. Next, select the line segment. (2) T ap [Draw], [Construct], and then [Translation]. • This displays the T ranslation dialog box. (3) T ap [Select Vector]. (4) T ap the vector on the screen. • This translates line segment AB in accordance with [...]

20050501 8-2-18 Drawing Figures u To reflect a line segment with respect to a specified line of symmetry (1) Draw a line segment. (2) Draw a line to use as the line of symmetry . (3) T ap G , and then select the line segment. (4) T ap [Draw], [Construct], and then [Reflection]. • This highlights the reflection button on the toolbar . (5) T ap the[...]

20050501 u To dilate a line segment toward a specified center point (1) Draw a line segment, and then select it. (2) T ap [Draw], [Construct], and then [Dilation]. • This highlights the dilation button on the toolbar . (3) T ap the center of dilation. • This displays the Dilation dialog box. (4) Specify the dilation scale factor. (5) T ap [OK].[...]

20050501 Tip • All of the steps in the procedure below are performed using the Geometry application only . Y ou can also use the Main application or eActivity application to perform matrix calculations and obtain the same transformation. Y ou can drag a figure from Geometry to Main, which transforms values (matrix) and performs calculation, and d[...]

20050501 (5) T ap [OK]. • This draws triangle A ’B’C’, which is symmetrical to triangle ABC about the x -axis. (6) T ap anywhere outside of the triangles to deselect the currently selected triangle. Next, select triangle A ’B’C’. (7) T ap [Draw], [Construct], and then [General Transform]. (8) Now , to perform parallel displacement on [...]

20050501 (9) T ap [OK]. • This performs the parallel displacement and draws triangle A ’’B’ ’C’’. Note • In the above example, we performed the transformation and the parallel displacement operations separately . Y ou could also perform both operations at the same time, if you want. To do so, input both the matrix [[1, 0], [0, – 1[...]

20050501 k (a) Operation Example The following procedure assumes that the results produced by the procedure under “General T ransform Example” on page 8-2-19 are still on the Geometry application window . u ClassPad Operation (1) On the application menu, tap J to start up the Main application. (2) T ap the down arrow button on the Main applicat[...]

20050501 (5) After clearing the Main application work area, try repeating steps (3) and (4) for points A’ and A ’ ’. • This displays the expression that transformed the coordinates of point A ’ to the coordinates of point A ’’. Important! • This operation is valid only when a point in the original figure and the corresponding point [...]

20050501 (4) Draw a triangle on the Geometry window . •A fter drawing a triangle, you can use the measurement box (page 8-3-4) to adjust the coordinates of points A, B, and C. That will make the following steps easier . (5) Select the triangle and drag it to the cursor location in the Main application work area. • This inputs a matrix that show[...]

20050501 (7) Select the matrix obtained as the calculation result, and drag it to the Geometry window . • This draws a triangle that is symmetrical to the original triangle about the y -axis. 8-2-26 Drawing Figures[...]

20050501 8-3 Editing Figures This section provides details about moving, copying, and deleting Geometry application figures. Selecting and Deselecting Figures Before you can execute certain editing commands, you must first select the figure you want to edit. There are two figure selection modes: Select and T oggle Select, each of which is described[...]

20050501 k Using T oggle Select T ap on the toolbar . This causes the button to become highlighted, indicating that T oggle Select is enabled. T oggle Select allows you to select and deselect figures. For example, if you have multiple figures selected, T oggle Select will allow you to deselect a single part of the selection. T apping the part again[...]

20050501 Moving and Copying Figures It is easy to move figures or copy and paste figures in Geometry . u To move a figure (1) Draw a figure. (2) T ap G , and then select the figure. (3) Drag the figure to move it to the location you want. (4) Remove the stylus from the screen. Tip • Note that a selection boundary appears around the figure when yo[...]

20050501 Using the Measurement Box T apping the u button to the right of the toolbar displays the measurement box. T ap t to return to the normal toolbar . 8-3-4 Editing Figures Y ou can use the measurement box to perform the following operations. Vi ew the measurements of a figure Displaying the measurement box and selecting a figure displays comb[...]

20050501 8-3-5 Editing Figures The following table describes the information that appears when you tap each icon, and explains when each icon is available for selection. Icon Icon Name This icon appears when this is selected: T apping this icon displays: Lockable Coordinates Ye s T A single point Coordinates of the point Distance/ length Ye s t T w[...]

20050501 Icon Icon Name This icon appear s when this is selected: T apping this icon displays: Lockable Rotation angle Ye s F Tw o points created by [Rotation] Angle of rotation Scale of dilation Ye s 2 Tw o points (like P oint A and Po i n t A’) on a figure created by [Dilation] Scale of dilation Tr ansform matrix No } Tw o points (like P oint A[...]

20050501 (4) T ap anywhere outside of the parallelogram to deselect the current points, and then select points A, D, and C. • This causes the area of the triangle ADC to appear in the measurement box. The above procedure shows that the areas of the two triangles are the same. u To view the measurements of a line segment (1) Draw a line segment. ([...]

20050501 k Specifying a Measurement of a Figure The following example shows how to specify an angle of a triangle. u To specify the angle of a triangle (1) Draw the triangle. • If you need to, select [Edit] and then [Clear All] before beginning this example. (2) T ap u on the toolbar to display the measurement box. (3) Select side AB and then sel[...]

20050501 8-3-9 Editing Figures A highlighted check box indicates the measurement is fixed (constrained). k Fixing a Measurement of a Figure By “fixing a measurement” we mean that a constraint is placed on the figure. For example, if we fix (constrain) a point to a circle and move the circle, the point will also move. The following example shows[...]

20050501 8-4 Controlling Geometry Window Appearance This section provides information about how to control the appearance of the Geometry application window by scrolling or zooming, and by showing or hiding axes and the grid. Configuring View Window Settings Y ou can use the following procedures to configure settings that control the appearance of [...]

20050501 T oggling Integer Grid Display On and Off Y ou can toggle integer grid display on and off by tapping [View] and then [Integer Grid]. The [Integer Grid] command on the [View] menu has a check mark next to it while integer grid display is turned on. Grid off Grid on 8-4-2 Controlling Geometry Window Appearance[...]

20050501 (4) Remove the stylus from the display and the area within the selection boundary expands to fill the entire Graph window . 8-4-3 Controlling Geometry Window Appearance u To use Zoom In and Out Example 1: To zoom in on a circle (1) Draw a circle. (2) T ap [View] and then [Zoom In], or tap W . • This enlarges the circle. Example 2: To zoo[...]

20050501 u To use Zoom to Fit (1) Draw the figure or figures you want. • If what you are drawing does not fit on the display , scroll the image as you draw it. • For information about scrolling the screen, see “Using Pan to Shift the Display Image” on page 8-4-5. (2) T ap [View] and then [Zoom to Fit], or tap R . • This enlarges or reduce[...]

20050501 Using Pan to Shift the Display Image Panning makes it easy to shift the display image by dragging with the stylus. Tip • The screenshot in this section uses the “Axes on, values on” setting described under “Selecting the Axis Setting” on page 8-4-1. u To use Pan Example: To pan the image of a circle (1) Draw a circle. (2) T ap [V[...]

20050501 8-5 Working with Animations An animation consists of one or more point/curve pairs, in which the curve can be a line segment, circle, ellipse, or function. Y ou build an animation by selecting a point/curve pair , and then adding it to an animation. Using Animation Commands Y ou can build and run an animation either by executing menu comma[...]

20050501 u To add an animation and run it (1) Plot a point and draw an arc. Or , you could draw a circle, ellipse, line segment, or function instead of an arc. (2) Select the point and arc. 8-5-2 W orking with Animations (3) T ap [Edit], [Animate], and then [Add Animation]. (4) T ap [Edit], [Animate], and then [Go (once)], [Go (repeat)], or [Go (to[...]

20050501 u To animate a point around a circle (1) Plot a point and draw a circle, and then select them. 8-5-3 W orking with Animations Tip •Y ou can repeat the above procedure to create multiple points that move simultaneously . T ry this: • Draw a line segment and plot another point. • Select the line segment and the point. • Repeat steps [...]

20050501 (3) T ap [Edit], [Animate], and then [Go (once)]. • This causes the point to travel around the circumference of the circle. u To replace the current animation with a new one (1) Select the point and curve for the new animation. (2) T ap [Edit], [Animate], and then [Replace Animation]. • This discards the currently set animation and set[...]

20050501 (6) Select line segments AB and DE, enter 90 in the measurement box, and tap the check box next to the measurement box. • This fixes the angle between AB and DE at 90 degrees. 8-5-5 W orking with Animations (7) Select only line segments DE and DC, and then tap the down arrow next to the measurement box. (8) T ap the e icon, and then sele[...]

20050501 u To edit an animation (1) While the animation you want to edit is on the display , tap [Edit], [Animate], and then [Edit Animations]. • This displays the animation editing window in the lower window . The upper window contains the animation that we just completed in “T o trace a locus of points”. See page 8-5-4 for information about[...]

20050501 8-5-7 W orking with Animations Measurement box Tr aces This item shows the specified trace point. T apping [Remove] cancels the trace point setting. (3) While the lower window is active, tap O and then [Close] to close the animation editing window . u To view an animation table (1) Draw a triangle and a line segment above the triangle. (2)[...]

20050501 8-5-8 W orking with Animations (6) With the line and vertex point still selected, tap [Edit], [Animate], and then [Add Animation]. (7) Now , select only one side of the triangle. (8) T ap [Edit], [Animate], and then [Go (once)]. (9) T ap # next to the measurement box. •W hile the animation is running, the lower window shows the table for[...]

20050501 8-6 Using the Geometry Application with Other Applications Y ou can display the Geometry application from within the eActivity or Main application. This is a great feature that allows you the visualize the relationship between Algebra and Geometry . Y ou can, for example, drag a figure from the Geometry window to the eActivity window to se[...]

20050501 (4) Select the circle and drag it to the first available line in the eActivity window . • This inserts the equation of the circle in the eActivity window . (5) Y ou can now experiment with the data in the eActivity window . Tip •T ry modifying the radius of the circle in the eActivity window . Highlight your modified equation, then dra[...]

20050501 Example 2: To drag two sides of a triangle from the Geometry window to the Main window u ClassPad Operation (1) T ap m to display the application menu, and then tap J to start the Main application. (2) T ap 3 to display the Geometry window in the lower half of the screen. Geometry window (3) Draw a triangle on the Geometry window . (4) Sel[...]

20050501 (5) Press E . •N otice that the solution is the same as the coordinates of point A. Tip •T ry using this drag and drop method to find the point of intersection of two lines. This is a great way to find the solution to a system of equations. •T o view a fractional result as a decimal, tap the input row and then u . • The information[...]

20050501 Copy and Paste In addition to drag and drop, you can also copy figures or columns from an animation table, and paste them into another application. Dynamically Linked Data Another nice feature of the ClassPad is the ability to create a dynamic link between a geometric figure and its equation in the eActivity window . When a geometric figur[...]

20050501 8-7 Managing Geometry Application Files This section covers file management operations such as save, open, delete, rename, move, etc. Tip •Y ou can also use the V ariable Manager (page 1-8-1) to manage Geometry application files. File Operations u To save a file (1) T ap [File] and then [Save]. • This displays the Files dialog box. (2)[...]

20050501 (3) Enter the file name you want to find and then tap [Search]. • File names that match the one you enter become highlighted on the display . T apping [Open] opens the highlighted file. •T o search for the next occurrence of the file name, tap [Search] again and then tap [Next] on the Search dialog box. u To open an existing file (1) T[...]

20050501 u To save a file under a different name (1) T ap [File] and then [Save]. • This displays the Files dialog box. 8-7-3 Managing Geometry Application Files (3) T ap [Save]. Tip • When saving a file, you could select a different folder before inputting a file name in step (2). u To delete a file (1) T ap [File] and then [Open]. • This di[...]

20050501 8-7-4 Managing Geometry Application Files u To rename a file (1) T ap [File] and then [Open]. • This displays the Files dialog box. (2) T ap the name of the file you want to rename so it is selected. (3) T ap [File] and then [Rename]. • This displays the Rename dialog box. (4) Enter the new file name. (5) In response to the confirmatio[...]

20050501 u To delete a folder W arning! Deleting a folder also deletes all files inside of it. Please double-check to make sure you no longer need the contents of a folder before deleting it. (1) T ap [File] and then [Open]. • This displays the Files dialog box. (2) Select the check box next to the folder you want to delete. •Y ou can select mu[...]

20050501 9 Using the Numeric Solver Application This chapter provides information about the functions of the Numeric Solver application, referred to as NumSolve, and explains how to perform Numeric Solver procedures. Numeric Solver lets you obtain the value of any variable in an equation without the need to transform or simplify the equation. 9-1 N[...]

20050501 9-1-1 Numeric Solver Application Overview 9-1 Numeric Solver Application Overview This section describes the configuration of the Numeric Solver application windows and provides basic information about Numeric Solver menu and commands. Numeric Solver Application Window Starting up Numeric Solver application displays the window shown below [...]

20050501 k T oolbar The toolbar provides you with easy access to the Main application, 3D Graph Editor , Graph Editor , and, of course, Solve. k Dragging an Expression from the Other Application to the Numeric Solver Wi ndow Y ou can drag expression and equations from the Main application window or Graph Editor window and drop them into the Numeric[...]

20050501 9-2 Using Numeric Solver Numeric Solver lets you obtain the value of any variable in an equation, without the need to transform or simplify the equation. Example: t is the time it would take for an object thrown straight up with initial velocity v to reach height h. Use the formula below to calculate the initial velocity v for a height of [...]

20050501 9-2-2 Using Numeric Solver (6) T ap 1 , or tap [Solve] and then [Execute] on the Numeric Solver menu. • The [Left–Right] value shows the difference between the left side and right side results. Tip • Numeric Solver solves functions by calculating approximations based on Newton’s method. This means that solutions may include errors [...]

20050501 Using the eActivity Application An eActivity is both a documentation tool, and a student notebook. As a documentation tool, a teacher can create electronic examples and practice problems with accompanying text, mathematical expressions, 2D and 3D graphs, geometric drawings, and tables. eActivities provide the student the means to explore p[...]

20050501 10-1-1 eActivity Application Overview 10-1 eActivity Application Overview The eActivity application lets you input and edit text, mathematical expressions, and ClassPad application data, and save your input in a file called an “eActivity”. The techniques you will use are similar to those of a standard word processor , and they are easy[...]

20050501 eActivity Application Menus and Buttons This section explains the operations you can perform using the menus and toolbar buttons of the eActivity application. • For information about the O menu, see “Using the O Menu” on page 1-5-4. k File Menu 10-1-2 eActivity Application Overview k Edit Menu New Open Sav e Select this File menu ite[...]

20050501 k Insert Menu k Action Menu 10-1-3 eActivity Application Overview Calculation Row — — — ~ 3 $ ! % @ ^ * y ( 1 & _ Q W Te x t R o w Geometry Link Inser t an application data strip Main Geometry Graph Graph Editor 3D Graph 3D Graph Editor Conics Graph Conics Editor Stat Graph List Editor NumSolve Sequence Editor Notes Spreadsheet V[...]

20050501 10-1-4 eActivity Application Overview eActivity Application Status Bar The information that appears in the eActivity application status bar is same as the Main application status bar information. See “Using Main Application Modes” on page 2-1-4. eActivity Key Operations In the eActivity application, the cursor key , K key , and E key o[...]

20050501 10-2 Creating an eActivity This provides a general overview of eActivity operations, from starting up the eActivity application to saving an eActivity file. It also presents precautions you need to keep in mind when managing eActivity files. Basic Steps for Creating an eActivity The following are the basic steps you need to perform when cr[...]

20050501 (3) After the eActivity is the way you want, tap [File] and then [Save]. • This displays the Files dialog box. This is a list of folders and files. Select the name of the folder where you want to save the eActivity file by tapping it. T ap here to create a new folder . Enter up to 20 characters for the eActivity file name. 10-2-2 Creatin[...]

20050501 Managing eActivity Files This section covers file management operations like save, open, delete, rename, move, etc. Performing one of these operations displays a Files dialog box like the ones shown below . The buttons that appear in the dialog box depend on the operation you performed to display the Files dialog box. 10-2-3 Creating an eA[...]

20050501 10-3 Inserting Data into an eActivity The following describes the four types of data you can insert into an eActivity . 10-3-1 Inserting Data into an eActivity Inserting a T ext Row T ext rows make it possible to display and edit text directly in the eActivity window . T ext rows can contain multiple lines, as well as mathematical expressi[...]

20050501 Tip • The toolbar button for switching between input modes appears as u while the cursor is located in a text row , and while the cursor is located in a calculation row . 10-3-2 Inserting Data into an eActivity u To insert a T ext Row (1) T ap to change a row to the T ext Input mode. • If the cursor is located in a line that already co[...]

20050501 10-3-3 Inserting Data into an eActivity Inserting a Calculation Row Calculation rows let you perform calculations in an eActivity . When you input a mathematical expression, the output expression (result) appears, right justified, in the next line. An eActivity that contains only calculation rows looks very much like the Main application w[...]

20050501 10-3-4 Inserting Data into an eActivity Line 1: Expression you input • If you want to input an expression without displaying its result, do not press E . Instead, tap [Insert] and then [T ext Row] to input a text row . Or you could change the current row from a calculation row to a text row by tapping while the cursor is in the row . Lin[...]

20050501 Inserting an Application Data Strip An application data strip can be used to embed data from other ClassPad applications into an eActivity . An application data strip contains the elements shown below . 10-3-5 Inserting Data into an eActivity k To insert an application data strip into an eActivity T ap the [Insert] menu or the v down arrow[...]

20050501 Example 1: To insert a Geometry data strip u ClassPad Operation (1) From the eActivity menu, tap [Insert] and then [Geometry]. • This inserts a Geometry data strip, and displays the Geometry window in the lower half of the screen. 10-3-6 Inserting Data into an eActivity (2) On the Geometry window , draw the figure you want. • For detai[...]

20050501 (4) T ap the title box of the Geometry data strip and enter the title you want. 10-3-7 Inserting Data into an eActivity • If you want to input more data into the eActivity , tap the next line or use the [Insert] menu to select the type of strip you want to insert next. Example 2: To insert a Graph data strip u ClassPad Operation (1) On t[...]

20050501 (3) After you finish performing the operation you want on the Graph window , tap O and then [Close] to close the Graph window . Y ou will also need to tap the Graph Editor window , and then select O then [Close] to return to the eActivity window . (4) T ap the title box of the Graph data strip and enter the title you want. 10-3-8 Inserting[...]

20050501 Example 3: To use Notes in an eActivity Notes is a simple text editing tool for taking notes or including in-depth explanations within an eActivity . Y ou can use Notes to store information for later use, or as a place to jot down ideas. u ClassPad Operation (1) On the eActivity window , tap [Insert] and then [Notes]. • This inserts a No[...]

20050501 Moving Information Between eActivity and Applications An eActivity is like an interactive notebook or textbook that allows you to explore the world of mathematics right on the page. Y ou can take almost any expression from an eActivity page and send it to another application. Y ou can also take information from an application and insert it[...]

20050501 10-3-1 1 Inserting Data into an eActivity k Drag and Drop Y ou can drag and drop text or mathematical expressions between eActivity and other applications. Y ou can also drag and drop within an eActivity . Depending on the application, you can drag text and mathematical expressions from an eActivity to another application window . For exam[...]

20050501 Inserting a Geometry Link Row A Geometry Link row dynamically links data in the Geometry window with the corresponding data in an eActivity . Y ou can display lines and figures drawn in Geometry as values and mathematical expressions in a Geometry Link row . Dragging a line or figure from the Geometry window to a Geometry Link row in an eA[...]

20050501 (4) T ap [Insert] and then [Geometry Link]. • This inserts a Geometry Link row in the next line. 10-3-13 Inserting Data into an eActivity (5) T ap the Geometry window to make it active. (6) T ap one side of the triangle to select it, and then drag it to the link symbol in the eActivity window . • This inputs the equation of the line th[...]

20050501 10-4 W orking with eActivity Files Y ou can perform basic file operations on eActivity files. Y ou can open previously saved files, edit an existing file, and save a file under a new name. Opening an Existing eActivity Perform the following steps to open an existing eActivity file. u ClassPad Operation (1) On the eActivity window , tap [Fi[...]

20050501 Editing the Contents of an eActivity To edit an eActivity , you can use the same procedures that you used when you created it. For more information, see “10-3 Inserting Data into an eActivity”. Expanding an Application Data Strip T apping the expand button of an application data strip expands the application data in the lower window . [...]

20050501 u To replace the original eActivity file with the newly edited version (1) On the eActivity window , tap [File] and then [Save]. • This displays the Files dialog box. 10-4-3 W orking with eActivity Files (2) T ap [Save] without changing the displayed file name. • This causes the original eActivity file to be replaced by the newly edite[...]

20050501 u To save an edited eActivity under a different name (1) On the eActivity window , tap { , or tap [File] and then [Save]. • This displays the Files dialog box. (2) If you want, tap the name of the folder where you want the new eActivity file to be saved. (3) T ap the file name input box, and input the new file name you want to use. (4) W[...]

20050501 10-5 T ransferring eActivity Files Note the following precautions when using the ClassPad’s data communication function to transfer eActivity files with another ClassPad unit or a computer . T ransferring eActivity Files between T wo ClassPad Units k T ransferring eActivity Files to Another ClassPad Unit To transfer an eActivity file to [...]

20050501 k T ransferring eActivity Files from Another ClassPad Unit To transfer an eActivity file from another ClassPad unit, your ClassPad unit must support all of the application data strips that are supported by the sending unit. Important! • If you transfer an eActivity file from a ClassPad unit that supports application data strips that are [...]

20050501 Using the Presentation Application The Presentation application lets you capture screenshots of other application windows. Screenshots can be used in the classroom or for other presentations simply by connecting the ClassPad to an OHP projector . 1 1-1 Presentation Application Overview 1 1-2 Building a Presentation 1 1-3 Managing Presentat[...]

20050501 11 - 1 -1 Presentation Application Overview 1 1-1 Presentation Application Overview The Presentation application lets you capture screenshots produced by the ClassPad, and arrange them into a “presentation” that you can play back. With this application you can build and play a presentation, and edit the contents of a presentation. A pr[...]

20050501 Presentation Application Window T apping P on the application menu starts the Presentation application and displays its initial screen. • Files are numbered P1 through P20. These numbers are fixed and cannot be changed. When creating a new presentation file, you can input the file name you want. • The soft keyboard is automatically dis[...]

20050501 Presentation Application Menus and Buttons This section explains the operations you can perform using the menus and buttons of the Presentation application’s initial screen. k Initial Screen Menu Commands and Buttons To do this: T ap this Or select this button: menu item: Delete the selected presentation file (page 1 1-3-1) – Edit - De[...]

20050501 Screen Capture Precautions Note the following precautions when capturing screens for a presentation. • The operation that is performed when you tap h depends on the current [Hard Copy] setting as described below . When the [Hard C opy] setting is this: Ta pp i n g h does this: To outer device Sends the screenshot to an external device. P[...]

20050501 1 1-2 Building a Presentation Presentations are created by capturing screenshots that are produced by the applications of the ClassPad. Before actually beginning to capture the screenshots, it is important to carefully think about and plan the type of information you want to include in your presentation so that your screenshots display the[...]

20050501 11 - 2 -2 Building a Presentation (6) T ap m to display the application menu, and then start the application whose screens you want to capture. (7) Perform the required operations in the application to display the screen you want to capture. (8) With the screen you want to capture on the display , tap h . • The currently displayed screen[...]

20050501 u T o insert a blank page into a presentation (1) On the Presentation application initial screen, tap the button next to the presentation file into which you want to insert the blank page, so it is selected. (2) T ap a and then [White Screen]. • This inserts a blank page as the final page of the presentation file you selected in step (1)[...]

20050501 1 1-3 Managing Presentation Files After you create a presentation file, you can rename it or delete it. u T o rename a presentation file (1) On the Presentation application initial screen, tap the name of the file you want to rename so it is selected. (2) Press e . • This causes a cursor to appear to the right of the last character of th[...]

20050501 11 - 3 -2 Managing Presentation Files Important! • PICT format image data files (PICT data type variables) captured with the h icon are stored in folder that is created when you create a Presentation file. • The “Presystm” folder (whose contents you can view with the V ariable Manager) contains files for managing presentations. Nor[...]

20050501 1 1-4 Playing a Presentation This section explains the various methods you can use to play a presentation. Using Auto Play With auto play , the pages of the presentation are scrolled automatically at a fixed interval. u ClassPad Operation (1) On the Presentation application initial screen, tap the button next to the presentation file you w[...]

20050501 Using Manual Play With manual play , you control when page change operations are performed during presenta- tion play . Manual play lets you scroll forward or back through presentation pages, and you can display a pointer on a page. u ClassPad Operation (1) On the Presentation application initial screen, tap the button next to the presenta[...]

20050501 (4) T apping while the final page of the presentation is displayed causes the message “End of Files” to appear in the status bar . •T apping while the message “End of Files” is in the status bar exits the manual play operation and displays the Presentation initial screen. T apping while “End of Files” is in the status bar ret[...]

20050501 1 1-5 Editing Presentation Pages This section explains how to use the Editing mode of the Presentation application to modify the pages of an existing presentation. About the Editing T ool Palette An editing tool palette appears on the display whenever you enter the Editing mode. The following describes how to use the editing tool palette. [...]

20050501 (3) Use the editing tool palette buttons to edit the pages. • For details about editing operations, see “Editing Operations” on page 1 1-5-3. •Y ou can drag the editing tool palette and page scroll buttons to any location on the display . Simply use the stylus to drag the handle of the palette or buttons. u T o exit the Editing mod[...]

20050501 Editing Operations This section provides details about the page editing operations you can perform with the Presentation application’s editing tool palette. u T o move a page (1) Enter the Editing mode of the Presentation application (page 1 1-5-1). (2) Use the page scroll buttons to display the page you want to move. (3) T ap 8 to move [...]

20050501 u T o copy and paste a page (1) Enter the Editing mode of the Presentation application (page 1 1-5-1). (2) Use the page scroll buttons to display the page you want to copy , and then tap t . • This copies the currently displayed page to the clipboard. (3) Use the page scroll buttons to display the page that you want to follow the copied [...]

20050501 (6) T o save the result of the text insert operation, tap { and then tap [OK] on the confirmation dialog box that appears. u T o clear the bottom half of the screen (1) Enter the Editing mode of the Presentation application (page 1 1-5-1). (2) Use the page scroll buttons to display the page whose bottom half you want to clear. (3) T ap - .[...]

20050501 u T o draw a straight line or an arrow on a page (1) Enter the Editing mode of the Presentation application (page 1 1-5-1). (2) Use the page scroll buttons to display the page on which you want to draw a straight line or arrow . (3) T ap i if you want to draw a line or o if you want to draw an arrow. (4) T ap the point where you want one e[...]

20050501 Using the Eraser The eraser allows you to erase parts of an image, text, arrows, or lines you have added to a page. u T o erase part of a page with the eraser (1) Enter the Editing mode of the Presentation application (page 1 1-5-1). (2) Use the page scroll arrows to display the page that contains the figures you want to erase. (3) T ap } [...]

20050501 1 1-6 Configuring Presentation Preferences Y ou can use the procedure below to configure various Presentation application preferences. u ClassPad Operation (1) On the [Settings] menu, tap [Setup] and then [Presentation]. • This displays the Presentation dialog box. (2) Use the Presentation dialog box to configure the preferences you want[...]

20050501 Tip • The following examples show the area of the screen that is captured when you tap h while the [Half Screen Capturing] check box is selected. The captured areas are indicated by the thick boundaries in each example. Sample Screenshot Sample Screenshot Captured Image Data Captured Image Data 11 - 6 -2 Configuring Presentation Preferen[...]

20050501 1 1-7 Presentation File T ransfer Precautions Note the following important precautions when transferring a presentation file to another ClassPad unit or to a computer . • A presentation file is actually a kind of user folder (called a “presentation folder”) that contains the images that make up the presentation. Every time you create[...]

20050501 Chapter 12 Using the Program Application The Program application comes in handy when you need to perform the same calculation a number of times. Y ou can create programs that automate graphing and other operations. 12-1 Program Application Overview 12-2 Creating a New Program 12-3 Debugging a Program 12-4 Managing Files 12-5 User-defined F[...]

20050501 12-1 Program Application Overview The Program application consists of a Program Editor for inputting and editing programs, and a Program Loader for loading and executing existing programs. Starting Up the Program Application Use the following procedure to start up the Program application. u ClassPad Operation On the application menu, tap p[...]

20050501 12-1-2 Program Application Overview To do this: T ap this b utton: Or select this menu item: — Display the [Settings] men u O - Settings — Display the soft k eyboard O - K eyboard — Display the Prog ram Loader window O - Program Loader P Display the Prog ram Editor window O - Program Editor _ Display the Prog ram Output window O - Pr[...]

20050501 File type N: Program file T: Te xt file F: User-defined function file File name Parameter variables This box can be used to specify variable names used in user-defined functions or programs. For details, see “Configuring Parameter Va riables and Inputting Their V alues” on page 12-2-7. Program Editor Window Y ou can use the Program Edi[...]

20050501 k Program Editor Window Menus and Buttons The following describes the menu and button operations you can perform on the Program Editor window . 12-1-4 Program Application Overview To do this: T ap t h i s b ut t o n : Or select this menu item: Display the [Settings] men u Display the soft k eyboard Display the Prog ram Loader window Displa[...]

20050501 To do this: Select this menu item: Input a command from the [Ctrl] menu •F or details about each command, see “12-6 Program Command Reference”. Input a command from the [I/O] menu •F or details about each command, see “12-6 Program Command Reference”. — — Lbl, Goto Fo r, To , Step, Ne xt Do , LpWhile While, WhileEnd ’, ?[...]

20050501 To do this: Select this menu item: Input a command from the [Misc] menu •F or details about each command, see “12-6 Program Command Reference”. StatGraph, StatGraphSel, Scatter, xyLine, NPPlot, Histogram, MedBox, ModBox, NDist, Broken, LinearR, MedMed, QuadR, CubicR, QuartR, LogR, ExpR, abExpR, PowerR, SinR, LogisticR Square, Cross, [...]

20050501 To do this: Select this menu item: Input a command from the [Misc] menu •F or details about each command, see “12-6 Program Command Reference”. On, Off, Def aultSetup , SetStandard, SetDecimal, SetReal, SetComplex, SetDegree, SetRadian, SetNormal, SetFix, SetSci SetStatWinAuto , SetCellWidth, SetSequence, StepDisp , Set ∑ disp , Se[...]

20050501 12-2 Creating a New Program This section explains the steps you need to perform in order to create a new program. General Programming Steps The following are the general steps for creating and running a program. 1. Open a new file. •T ap O , or select the [Edit] menu and then [New File]. 2. Input a name and tap [OK]. 3. Input the express[...]

20050501 u ClassPad Operation (1) T ap m to display the application menu, and then p . (2) T ap O , or tap [Edit] and then [New File]. (3) Configure the settings for the new file as described below . • Leave the [T ype] setting as “Program(Normal)”. •T ap the [Folder] down arrow button and then select the name of the folder where you want t[...]

20050501 12-2-3 Creating a New Program (6) After the program is the way you want, tap { , or tap [Edit] and then [Save File] to save it. •T o run this program see “Running a Program” on page 12-2-5. • If a message appears when you try to save the program, make the necessary corrections and try again. For details about making corrections to [...]

20050501 k Specifying the File T ype T apping O or tapping [Edit] and then [New File] on the Program Editor window displays the dialog box shown above. T ap the [T ype] down arrow button and then select one of the options described below from the list of options that appears. Tip • For information about text files, see “Using T ext Files” bel[...]

20050501 12-2-5 Creating a New Program Running a Program The following procedure shows how to run the sample program we input under “Creating and Saving a Program” on page 12-2-1. u ClassPad Operation (1) Display the Program Loader window . • From the Program Editor window , tap ) , or tap O and then [Program Loader]. • From another applica[...]

20050501 12-2-6 Creating a New Program Pausing Program Execution Y ou can specify where execution of a program should pause by including either a Pause command or a W ait command inside the program. k Using the Pause Command A Pause command causes program execution to pause when it reaches that point. T o resume program execution, tap the button on[...]

20050501 12-2-7 Creating a New Program Configuring Parameter V ariables and Inputting Their V alues If you input the names of variables used in a program into the parameter variable box when inputting or editing a program on the Program Editor window , you will be able to input values for the variables on the Program Loader window when you run the [...]

20050501 Using Subroutines Including the name of another program file inside of a program causes execution to jump to the specified program file. The program that execution jumps from is called the “main program”, while the program to which execution jumps is called a “subroutine”. When program execution returns to the main program, it resu[...]

20050501 Example 1: Jumping to a subroutine without assigning values to the subroutine’s parameter variables Main Program Input A Input B Sub1( ) ← Jumps to subroutine program “Sub1” Print C Subroutine (Program Name: “Sub1”) A+B S C Return Example 2: Jumping to a subroutine while assigning values to the subroutine’s parameter variable[...]

20050501 12-3 Debugging a Program A programming error that causes a program to behave in a manner not intended by the writer of the program is called a “bug”. Finding and eliminating such errors is called “debugging the program”. Any of the following conditions can indicate that your program has a bug and requires debugging. • If an error[...]

20050501 Modifying an Existing Program to Create a New One Y ou can use the procedure described below to recall an existing program, modify it, and then run the result as a new program. This helps reduce key input requirements. The following shows how to modify the “OCT A” program we created on page 12-2-1 to handle tetrahedrons. Example: To cr[...]

20050501 (3) Select the program you want to open and edit, as described below . 12-3-3 Debugging a Program (4) T ap [OK]. Folder T ype T ap the down arrow b utton, and then select “Program(Normal)”. T ap the down arrow b utton, and then select the folder that contains the program y ou want to edit. Name T ap the down arrow b utton, and then sel[...]

20050501 (7) After saving the program, tap ) , or tap O and then [Program Loader] to display the Program Loader window . (8) On the dialog box that appears, tap the [Name] down arrow button, and then tap the name of the file you input in step (6) (TETRA). (9) T ap p , or tap [Run] and then [Run Program]. • This runs the program. (10) Input 7 for [...]

20050501 Searching for Data Inside a Program Y ou can search for data inside a program by specifying a keyword. Example: To search for the letter “A” within the “OCT A” program u ClassPad Operation (1) From the Program Editor window, select the program you want to search (“OCT A” in this example). (2) T ap [Edit], [Search], and then [Ne[...]

20050501 12-4 Managing Files Renaming a File Use the following procedure when you want to change the name of a file. u ClassPad Operation (1) T ap 5 to display the V ariable Manager . • This displays a list of folders. •Y ou may need to tap the icon and scroll the toolbar to see the 5 icon. (2) T ap the name of the folder that contains the file[...]

20050501 Changing the File T ype Y ou can use the following procedures to change the file type. u To change a program file to a text file While a program file is open, tap [Edit], [Mode Change], and then [ ' T ext]. u To change a text file to a program file While a text file is open, tap [Edit], [Mode Change], and then [ ' Normal]. Tip ?[...]

20050501 12-5 User-defined Functions ClassPad lets you configure calculation operations as user-defined functions, which can then be used inside of numeric expressions just like its built-in functions. User-defined functions can also be called up in other applications. • The Program Editor window is used for creating user-defined functions. •U [...]

20050501 (6) After the function is the way you want, tap { , or tap [Edit] and then [Save File] to save it. Tip •A user-defined function can contain only a single mathematical expression. An error “Invalid in a Function or Current Expression”occurs if a user-defined function contains multiple expressions. • A user-defined function cannot co[...]

20050501 Tip •Y ou can include up to 99 arguments in a function. • If you do not specify a folder , the function is stored in the current folder . •A function defined using the Define command can contain only a single expression. Y ou cannot link multiple expressions or commands using colons ( : ) or carriage returns. Executing a User-defined[...]

20050501 Editing a User-defined Function To edit an existing user-defined function, use the same procedures as those described under “Modifying an Existing Program to Create a New One” on page 12-3-2. Editing procedures are the same, regardless of whether you originally created the function using the Define command or Program Editor . Deleting [...]

20050501 12-6 Program Command Reference Using This Reference The following table shows the conventions that are used in the descriptions of this section. 12-6-1 Program Command Reference A boldface w ord, like Input It means this: If you see something like this: The boldface w ord is a command. 10 This is a constant. 10 + 20 This is an ar ithmetic [...]

20050501 Program Application Commands k Program Notation (Carriage Return) Function: Performs a carriage return operation. Description In Program Editor , tap the w button to input a carriage return. • The carriage return can be used in a user program. It cannot, however , be used in a manual calculation performed in the Main application. ’ (Co[...]

20050501 k Input GetKey Syntax: GetKey 䡺 <variable name> Function: This command assigns the code number of the last key pressed to the specified variable. Description • This command assigns the code number of the last key pressed to the specified variable. The following shows a list of available code numbers. 12-6-3 Program Command Refere[...]

20050501 12-6-4 Program Command Reference GetPen Syntax: GetPen 䡺 <variable name 1>, <variable name 2> Function: This command assigns the coordinates of the point tapped on the screen to a specified variable. Description This command assigns the x -coordinate (horizontal axis) to <variable 1> and the y -coordinate (vertical axis[...]

20050501 InputFunc Syntax: InputFunc 䡺 <user-defined function name> (<argument>[,<argument>…]) [,"<string 1>"[,"<string 2>"]] Function: When program execution reaches the InputFunc command, the user is prompted to input the contents of the user-defined function. Example: InputFunc v(v0, t), &quo[...]

20050501 12-6-6 Program Command Reference k Output About the Program Output window The “Program Output window” shows text displayed by program execution. The term “Program Output window” does not include dialog boxes displayed by Message and other commands. •O nly one Program Output window can be stored at a time. Executing the ClrT ext c[...]

20050501 Locate Syntax 1: Locate 䡺 < x -coordinate>, < y -coordinate>, <expression> Syntax 2: Locate 䡺 < x -coordinate>, < y -coordinate>, "<string>" Function: This command displays the result of the specified expression or the specified text string at the specified coordinates on the display screen[...]

20050501 PrintNatural Syntax: PrintNatural 䡺 <expression>[,"<string>"] Function: This command pauses program execution and displays the result of the specified expression in natural format. 12-6-8 Program Command Reference Description •A text string enclosed within quotation marks (" ") or a variable name can be [...]

20050501 12-6-9 Program Command Reference Break Syntax: Break Function: This command terminates a loop and causes execution to advance to the next command following the loop process. Description • Break terminates a loop and causes execution to advance to the next command following the loop process. • Break can be used inside of a For , Do , Wh[...]

20050501 For~T o~(Step~)Next Syntax: For 䡺 <expression 1> S <control variable name> 䡺 To 䡺 <expression 2> [Step 䡺 <expression 3>] [<statement>] … Next <expression 1> is the initial value, <expression 2> is the end value, and <expression 3> is the step. Function Anything between the For comma[...]

20050501 If~Then~ElseIf~Else~IfEnd Syntax 1: If 䡺 <expression> Then [<statement>] … IfEnd Function 1 • If the expression is true, the statement in the Then block is executed. After that, execution advances to the next statement after IfEnd . • If the expression is false, execution advances to the next statement after IfEnd , wit[...]

20050501 Syntax 4: If 䡺 <expression> Then [<statement>] … ElseIf 䡺 <expression> Then [<statement>] … Else [<statement>] … IfEnd Function 4 • If the expression is true, the statement in the If Then block is executed. After that, execution advances to the next statement after IfEnd . • If the If command exp[...]

20050501 Description •Y ou can perform manual operations on the ClassPad display screen while program execution is paused by the Pause command. •P rogram execution remains paused until you tap the button on the status bar , or until six minutes pass (after which program execution resumes automatically). Return Syntax: Return Function 1 (Main Pr[...]

20050501 Stop Syntax: Stop Function: This command terminates program execution. Description: This command terminates all program execution, including that of the main program when a subroutine program is running. Switch~Case~Default~SwitchEnd Syntax: Switch 䡺 <expression 1> Case 䡺 <expression 2> [<statement>] … Case 䡺 <[...]

20050501 While~WhileEnd Syntax: While 䡺 <expression> [<statement>] … WhileEnd <expression> is a condition that evaluates to true or false. Function: The specified statements are repeated as long as the condition is true. Description • The statements between While~WhileEnd are repeated as long as the condition is true. When t[...]

20050501 ClrGraph Syntax: ClrGraph Function: Clears the Graph window and returns View Window parameters to their initial default settings. Cls Syntax: Cls Function: Clears sketch elements (lines and other figures sketched on the Graph window), and graphs drawn using drag and drop. DispFT able Syntax: DispFT able Function: Creates and displays a fun[...]

20050501 DrawGraph Syntax: DrawGraph 䡺 [<expression>] Function: Graphs the selected expression or an expression specified as a parameter . Description: <expression> has a y = type expression on the right side. Graphing of any other type of expression is not supported by this command. Example: DrawGraph: Graphs the currently selected e[...]

20050501 Inverse Syntax: Inverse 䡺 < y or x graph number> Function: Graphs the inverse of a function. Description: Graph number range: 1 to 100 Line Syntax: Line 䡺 <start point x -coordinate>, <start point y -coordinate>, <end point x -coordinate>, <end point y -coordinate> Function: Draws a line between two specif[...]

20050501 plotT est( Syntax: plotT est(< x -coordinate>, < y -coordinate>) Function: Returns 1 when the dot at the specified coordinates is on, and 0 when it is off. Example: plotT est(2,–3) S S S S S a. Result is placed in a. Description: Only dots within the screen are valid. PTBrokenThck Syntax: PTBrokenThck 䡺 <graph number>[...]

20050501 PTThick Syntax: PTThick 䡺 <graph number> Function: Specifies “Thick” ( ) as the graph line type. Description: Graph number range: 1 to 100 PxlChg Syntax: PxlChg 䡺 < x -dot>, < y -dot> Function: T oggles display of the specified pixel on and off. Example: PxlChg 5,1 PxlOff Syntax: PxlOff 䡺 < x -dot>, < y[...]

20050501 RclVWin Syntax: RclVWin 䡺 <variable name> Function: Recalls View Window values, which were previously saved under the specified name. Example: RclVWin WIN1 SheetActive Syntax: SheetActive 䡺 { <sheet number> } "<sheet name>" Function: Selects the sheet that contains the expression to be graphed. Description: [...]

20050501 StoPict Syntax: StoPict 䡺 <picture name> Function: Assigns a name to a Pict image and stores it. Example: StoPict Pict1 StoVWin Syntax: StoVWin 䡺 <variable name> Function: Assigns a name to View Window values and stores them. Example: StoVWin VWIN1 Ta ngentLine Syntax: T angentLine 䡺 <graph number>, < x -coordina[...]

20050501 Vi ewWindow Syntax1: V iewWindow 䡺 LogP 䡺 { x } , [xmin value], [xmax value], [xscale value], y xy [ymin value], [ymax value], [yscale value], [t θ min value], [t θ max value], [t θ step value] Syntax 2: V iewWindow CallUndef Syntax 3: Vi ewWindow Function: Syntax 1: Specifies View Window values. Syntax 2: Makes all View Window valu[...]

20050501 k 3D ClearSheet3D Syntax: ClearSheet3D 䡺 { <sheet number> } "<sheet name>" Function: Deletes the sheet name and expressions on the sheet, and returns its settings to their default values. Omitting the argument causes all sheets to be cleared. Draw3D Syntax: Draw3D Function: Draws a 3D graph using current settings. S[...]

20050501 k Conics DrawConics Syntax: DrawConics Function: Draws a conics graph based on the data registered on the Conics Editor window . k Sequence DispDfrTbl Syntax: DispDfrTbl Function: Creates and displays an arithmetic sequence table. DispDQTbl Syntax: DispDQTbl Function: Creates and displays a progression of difference table. DispFibTbl Synta[...]

20050501 DrawSeqCon, DrawSeqPlt Syntax: DrawSeqCon DrawSeqPlt Function: Graphs a recursion expression whose vertical axis is a n ( b n or c n ) and whose horizontal axis is n using a generated number table, in accordance with the conditions of each command. Description: DrawSeqCon draws a connect type graph, while DrawSeqPlt draws a plot type graph[...]

20050501 SeqSelOn Syntax: SeqSelOn 䡺 a n +1 a n +2 b n +1 b n +2 c n +1 c n +2 a n E b n E c n E Function: Selects the specified sequence expression. Specifying “ a n E”, “ b n E”, or “ c n E” as the argument activates [Explicit]. Specifying any other argument activates [Recursive]. SeqT ype Syntax: SeqT ype 䡺 " n " "[...]

20050501 DefaultListEditor Syntax: DefaultListEditor Function: Initializes the sort sequence and display contents of the list on the List Editor window (list1 to list6). DispListEditor Syntax: DispListEditor Function: Displays the List Editor window . DispStat Syntax: DispStat Function: Displays previous statistical calculation results. DrawStat Sy[...]

20050501 LinearReg Syntax: LinearReg 䡺 x List, y List[,[FreqList (or 1)][, [< yn >][, { On } ]]] Off Function: Performs y = a ⋅ x + b regression. Description x List: Name of list for storing x -axis data y List: Name of list for storing y -axis data FreqList: Name of list for storing frequency of “ x List” and “ y List” data •?[...]

20050501 MultiSortA Syntax 1: MultiSortA 䡺 <list name> Syntax 2: MultiSortA 䡺 <base list name>, <subordinate list name>, <subordinate list name>, ... Function: Sorts a statistical list in ascending order . Description •S yntax 1 performs a simple list sort. •S yntax 2 sorts multiple lists on the base list. Up to five[...]

20050501 QuadReg Syntax: QuadReg 䡺 x List, y List[,[FreqList (or 1)][,[< yn >][, { On } ]]] Off Function: Performs y = a ⋅ x 2 + b ⋅ x + c regression. Description x List: Name of list for storing x -axis data y List: Name of list for storing y -axis data FreqList: Name of list for storing frequency of “ x List” and “ y List” dat[...]

20050501 StatGraph Syntax 1: StatGraph 䡺 <StatGraph number 1 to 9>, { On } , Graph T ype 1, x List, y List, Off FreqList (or 1), Plot T ype Syntax 2: StatGraph 䡺 <StatGraph number 1 to 9>, { On } , Graph T ype 2, x List, y List, Off FreqList (or 1) Syntax 3: StatGraph 䡺 <StatGraph number 1 to 9>, { On } , Graph T ype 3, x Li[...]

20050501 12-6-33 Program Command Reference k Setup DefaultSetup Syntax: DefaultSetup Function: Initializes all setup data settings. SetAxes Syntax: SetAxes 䡺 { On } Off Function: T urns display of Graph window axes on or off. SetAxes3D Syntax: SetAxes3D 䡺 { On } Off Box Function: T urns display of axes on (normal), off, or Box (box type coordin[...]

20050501 SetCoord Syntax: SetCoord 䡺 { On } Off Function: T urns display of Graph window pointer coordinates on or off. SetCoordOff3D Syntax: SetCoordOff3D Function: T urns off display of pointer coordinates for 3D graphing. SetCoordPol3D Syntax: SetCoordPol3D Function: Specifies use of polar coordinates for coordinate display during 3D graphing.[...]

20050501 SetDispGCon Syntax: SetDispGCon 䡺 { On } Off Function: T urns display of graph controller arrows during graphing on or off. SetDrawCon Syntax: SetDrawCon Function: Specifies graphing by connecting plotting points with lines. SetDrawPlt Syntax: SetDrawPlt Function: Specifies graphing by plotting points only . SetFix Syntax: SetFix 䡺 <[...]

20050501 SetLabel3D Syntax: SetLabel3D 䡺 { On } Off Function: T urns display of Graph window axis labels for 3D graphing on or off. SetLeadCursor Syntax: SetLeadCursor 䡺 { On } Off Function: T urns display of the leading cursor during graphing on or off. SetNormal Syntax: SetNormal 䡺 { 1 } 2 Function: Specifies Normal 1 or Normal 2 as the aut[...]

20050501 SetSequence Syntax: SetSequence 䡺 { On } Off StepDisp Function: T urns display of expressions created after graphing on or off or specifies “step display” ( StepDisp ). Description: When StepDisp is selected, the expression does not appear until you press E . SetSimulGraph Syntax: SetSimulGraph 䡺 { On } Off Function: T urn simultan[...]

20050501 SetTV ariable Syntax: SetTV ariable 䡺 { <list name> } T ableInput Function: Specifies the variable reference location for table generation. Description: Use T ableInput to specify a range and generate a table. Set Σ disp Syntax: Set Σ disp 䡺 { On } Off Function: T urns display of subtotals for tables on or off. k Folder/V ariab[...]

20050501 DelFolder Syntax: DelFolder 䡺 <folder name> Function: Deletes a folder . DelV ar Syntax: DelV ar 䡺 <variable name>, <variable name> ... Function: Deletes a variable. Description: Deletes all variables, regardless of type (program, etc.), that have the specified variable name. See GetT ype for information about variabl[...]

20050501 Local Syntax: Local 䡺 <variable name>, <variable name> ... Function: Defines a local variable. Description The following are the merits of local variables. •S ince local variables are deleted automatically , use of local variables for temporary storage avoids unnecessary use of available memory . •S ince local variables d[...]

20050501 SetFolder Syntax: SetFolder 䡺 <folder name> [,<storage variable name>] Function •M akes the specified folder the current folder . Including a variable name at the end of this command assigns the name of the previous current folder to the variable as a text string. • If the specified folder does not exist, this command cre[...]

20050501 ExpT oStr Syntax: ExpT oStr 䡺 <expression>,<storage variable name> Function: Converts the result of an input expression to a string and assigns the string to the specified variable. NumT oChr Syntax: NumT oChr 䡺 n ,<storage variable name> Function: Converts numeric value n to the corresponding text character(s) in acc[...]

20050501 StrJoin Syntax: StrJoin 䡺 "<string 1>", "<string 2>", <storage variable name> Function: Joins "<string 1>" and "<string 2>" and then assigns the resulting string to the specified variable. StrLeft Syntax: StrLeft 䡺 "<string>", n , <storage variable[...]

20050501 StrRotate Syntax: StrRotate 䡺 "<string>", <storage variable name> [, n ] Function: Rotates the left side part and right side part of a string at the n th character , and assigns the resulting string to the specified variable. Description: Rotation is to the left when “ n ” is positive, and to the right when “ [...]

20050501 k Other CloseComPort38k Syntax: CloseComPort38k Function: Closes the 3-pin COM port. Example: See the GetV ar38k command. GetV ar38k Syntax: GetV ar38k 䡺 <variable name> Function: Receives variable names and variable contents. Description • The OpenComPort38k command must be executed before this command is executed. • The Close[...]

20050501 OpenComPort38k Syntax: OpenComPort38k Function: Opens the 3-pin COM port. Example: See the GetV ar38k command on page 12-6-45. Receive38k Syntax: Receive38k 䡺 <variable name> Function: Receives EA-200 data. Description • The OpenComPort38k command must be executed before this command is executed. • The CloseComPort38k command m[...]

20050501 12-7 Including ClassPad Functions in Programs Including Graphing Functions in a Program Graphing functions let your program graph multiple equations, or overlay multiple graphs on the same screen. Example: DefaultSetup ClrGraph V iewWindow 0, 7.7, 1, –14, 1 10, 10 GraphT ype "y=" Define y1(x) = x^4 – x^3 – 24x^2 + 4x + 80 G[...]

20050501 Including 3D Graphing Functions in a Program The methods for using 3D graphing functions in a program are identical to those for normal (non-3D) graphing functions, except that you can only graph one 3D graph at a time. For information about commands that are unique to 3D graphing, see “Application Command List” on page 12-6-15. Includ[...]

20050501 12-7-3 Including ClassPad Functions in Programs Including Recursion T able and Recursion Graph Functions in a Program Recursion table and recursion graph functions can be included in a program to generate number tables and draw graphs. Example: DefaultSetup V iewWindow 0, 6, 1, –0.01, 0.3, 1 SeqT ype "a n+1 a 0 " "–3a n [...]

20050501 12-7-4 Including ClassPad Functions in Programs Including Statistical Graphing and Calculation Functions in a Program Including statistical graphs and calculation functions in a program allows the program to draw statistical graphs and display statistical calculation results. u To perform statistical graphing Example 1: Scatter Diagram {0.[...]

20050501 u To use statistical calculation functions Y ou can perform the following types of statistical calculations using program commands. •S ingle-variable statistics •P aired-variable statistics •R egression •T e sts •C onfidence interval •P robability See “Chapter 7 – Using the Statistics Application” for more information. u [...]

20050501 Chapter 13 Using the Spreadsheet Application The Spreadsheet application provides you with powerful, take- along-anywhere spreadsheet capabilities on your ClassPad. 13-1 Spreadsheet Application Overview 13-2 Spreadsheet Application Menus and Buttons 13-3 Basic Spreadsheet Window Operations 13-4 Editing Cell Contents 13-5 Using the Spreadsh[...]

20050501 13-1-1 Spreadsheet Application Overview 13-1 Spreadsheet Application Overview This section describes the configuration of the Spreadsheet application window , and provides basic information about its menus and commands. Starting Up the Spreadsheet Application Use the following procedure to start up the Spreadsheet application. u ClassPad O[...]

20050501 13-2-1 Spreadsheet Application Menus and Buttons 13-2 Spreadsheet Application Menus and Buttons This section explains the operations you can perform using the menus and buttons of the Spreadsheet application window . • For information about the O menu, see “Using the O Menu” on page 1-5-4. k File Menu To do this: Select this [File] m[...]

20050501 13-2-2 Spreadsheet Application Menus and Buttons k Graph Menu Y ou can use the [Graph] menu to graph the data contained in selected cells. See “ 13-8 G raphing” for more information. k Action Menu The [Action] menu contains a selection of functions that you can use when configuring a spreadsheet. See “13-6 Using the Action Menu” fo[...]

20050501 13-3-1 Basic Spreadsheet Window Operations 13-3 Basic Spreadsheet Window Operations This section contains information about how to control the appearance of the Spreadsheet window , and how to perform other basic operations. About the Cell Cursor The cell cursor causes the current selected cell or group of cells to become highlighted. The [...]

20050501 13-3-2 Basic Spreadsheet Window Operations (2) On the dialog box that appears, tap the [Cursor Movement] down arrow button, and then select the setting you want. To have the cell cursor behave this way when you register Select this input: setting: Remain at the current cell Off Move to the next row below the current cell Down Move to the n[...]

20050501 13-3-3 Basic Spreadsheet Window Operations k Jumping to a Cell Y ou can use the following procedure to jump to a specific cell on the Spreadsheet screen by specifying the cell’s column and row . u ClassPad Operation (1) On the [Edit] menu, select [Goto Cell]. (2) On the dialog box that appears, type in a letter to specify the column of t[...]

20050501 13-3-4 Basic Spreadsheet Window Operations Hiding or Displaying the Scrollbars Use the following procedure to turn display of Spreadsheet scrollbars on and off. By turning off the scrollbars, you make it possible to view more information in the spreadsheet. u ClassPad Operation (1) On the [Edit] menu, tap [Options]. (2) On the dialog box t[...]

20050501 13-3-5 Basic Spreadsheet Window Operations T ap a row heading to select the row . T ap a column heading to select the column. T ap a cell to select it. T ap here to select the entire spreadsheet. Selecting Cells Before performing any operation on a cell, you must first select it. Y ou can select a single cell, a range of cells, all the cel[...]

20050501 13-3-6 Basic Spreadsheet Window Operations Using the Cell Viewer Window The Cell Viewer window lets you view both the formula contained in a cell, as well as the current value produced by the formula. While the Cell Viewer window is displayed, you can select or clear its check boxes to toggle display of the value and/or formula on or off. [...]

20050501 13-4-1 Editing Cell Contents 13-4 Editing Cell Contents This section explains how to enter the edit mode for data input and editing, and how to input various types of data and expressions into cells. Edit Mode Screen The Spreadsheet application automatically enters the edit mode whenever you tap a cell to select it and input something from[...]

20050501 •Y ou can tap the data input toolbar buttons to input letters and symbols into the edit box. Entering the Edit Mode There are two ways you can enter the edit mode: •T apping a cell and then tapping inside the edit box •T apping a cell and inputting something on the keypad The following explains the difference between these two techni[...]

20050501 k T apping a cell and then inputting something from the keypad • This enters the “quick” edit mode, indicated by a dashed blinking cursor . Anything you input with the keypad will be displayed in the edit box. • If the cell you selected already contains something, anything you input with the quick edit mode replaces the existing co[...]

20050501 Inputting a Formula A formula is an expression that the Spreadsheet application calculates and evaluates when you input it, when data related to the formula is changed, etc. A formula always starts with an equal sign (=), and can contain any one of the following. •V a l ues •M athematical expressions •C ell references •C lassPad so[...]

20050501 (3) Press k to display the soft keyboard. (4) T ap the 0 tab and then tap r , o , w , or on the [Action] menu, tap [row]. (5) Press ( , tap cell A1, and then press ) . (6) Press E . (7) T ap cell B1 and then press = . (8) On the soft keyboard, tap the 9 tab, tap - , and then tap - . (9) T ap cell A1, press , , x , , , 1 , and then press ) [...]

20050501 Inputting a Cell Reference A cell reference is a symbol that references the value of one cell for use by another cell. If you input “=A1 + B1” into cell C2, for example, the Spreadsheet will add the current value of cell A1 to the current value of cell B1, and display the result in cell C2. There are two types of cell references: relat[...]

20050501 (4) T ap the cell you want to reference (which will input its name into the edit box automatically) or use the editing toolbar and keypad to input its name. Important! • The above step always inputs a relative cell reference. If you want to input an absolute cell reference, use the stylus or cursor keys to move the editing cursor to the [...]

20050501 Inputting a Constant A constant is data whose value is defined when it is input. When you input something into a cell for which text is specified as the data type without an equal sign (=) at the beginning, a numeric value is treated as a constant and non-numeric values are treated as text. Note the following examples for cells of u type: [...]

20050501 13-4-9 Editing Cell Contents (2) Use the dialog box that appears to configure the Fill Sequence operation as described below . Parameter Description Expr . Input the expression whose results you want to input. Va r . Specify the name of the variable whose value will change with each step. Low Specify the smallest value to be assigned to th[...]

20050501 Cut and Copy Y ou can use the [Cut] and [Copy] commands on the Spreadsheet application [Edit] menu to cut and copy the contents of the cells currently selected (highlighted) with the cell cursor . Y ou can also cut and copy text from the edit box. The following types of cut/copy operations are supported. •S ingle cell cut/copy •M ultip[...]

20050501 Paste The [Edit] menu’s [Paste] command lets you paste the data that is currently on the clipboard at the current cell cursor or editing cursor location. Important! •P asting cell data will cause all relative cell references contained in the pasted data to be changed in accordance with the paste location. See “Inputting a Cell Refere[...]

20050501 • The following shows how cell data is converted to a matrix format when pasted into the edit box. 13-4-12 Editing Cell Contents Select the cell where you want to insert the text (A6 in this example), and then tap inside the edit box. T ap [Edit], and then [Paste]. To view the matrix as text, tap the cell (A6) and then A . To v i ew the [...]

20050501 13-4-13 Editing Cell Contents Specifying T ext or Calculation as the Data T ype for a Particular Cell A simple toolbar button operation lets you specify that the data contained in the currently selected cell or cells should be treated as either text or calculation data. The following shows how the specified data type affects how a calculat[...]

20050501 Using Drag and Drop to Copy Cell Data within a Spreadsheet Y ou can also copy data from one cell to another within a spreadsheet using drag and drop. If the destination cell already contains data, it is replaced with the newly dropped data. •W hen performing this operation, you can drag and drop between cells, or from one location to ano[...]

20050501 13-4-15 Editing Cell Contents Selection boundary (cursor held against C2) k Dragging and Dropping Multiple Cells • When dragging multiple cells, only the cell where the stylus is located has a selection boundary around it. Selection boundary dropped here (A8) • When you release the stylus from the screen, the top left cell of the group[...]

20050501 13-4-16 Editing Cell Contents u To drag and drop within the edit box (1) Select the cell whose contents you want to edit. (2) T ap the edit box to enter the edit mode. (3) T ap the edit box again to display the editing cursor (a solid blinking cursor). (4) Drag the stylus across the characters you want to move, so they are highlighted. (5)[...]

20050501 u To use drag and drop to obtain the data points of a graph Example: To obtain the data points of the bar graph shown below 13-4-17 Editing Cell Contents (1) Input data and draw a bar graph. •S ee “Other Graph Window Operations” on page 13-8-13 for more information on graphing. (2) T ap the Graph window to make it active. (3) T ap th[...]

20050501 13-5-1 Using the Spreadsheet Application with the eActivity Application 13-5 Using the Spreadsheet Application with the eActivity Application Y ou can display the Spreadsheet application from within the eActivity application. This makes it possible to drag data between the Spreadsheet and eActivity windows as desired. Drag and Drop After y[...]

20050501 13-5-2 Using the Spreadsheet Application with the eActivity Application (4) Select the cell you want and drag it to the first available line in the eActivity window . • This inserts the contents of the cell in the eActivity window . (5) Y ou can now experiment with the data in the eActivity window . Example 2: To drag a calculation expre[...]

20050501 13-5-3 Using the Spreadsheet Application with the eActivity Application (5) Drag the contents of the edit box to the first available line in the eActivity window . • This inserts the contents of the edit box in the eActivity window as a text string. (6) Y ou can now experiment with the data in the eActivity window . • The basic operati[...]

20050501 Example 4: Dragging data from eActivity to the Spreadsheet window 13-5-4 Using the Spreadsheet Application with the eActivity Application[...]

20050501 13-6-1 Using the Action Menu 13-6 Using the Action Menu Most of the functions that are available from the [Action] menu are similar to those on the [List-Calculation] sub-menu of the standard [Action] menu. Spreadsheet [Action] Menu Basics The following example demonstrates the basic procedure for using functions within the [Action] menu. [...]

20050501 u ClassPad Operation (1) With the stylus, tap the cell where you want the result to appear . • In this example, we would tap cell A1. (2) On the [Action] menu, tap [sum]. • This inputs an equal sign and the [sum] function into the edit box. 13-6-2 Using the Action Menu (3) Use the stylus to drag across the range of data cells from A7 t[...]

20050501 (4) T ap the s button to the right of the edit box. • This automatically closes the parentheses, calculates the sum of the values in the selected range, and displays the result in cell A1. • Y ou could skip this step and input the closing parentheses by pressing the ) key on the keypad, if you want. 13-6-3 Using the Action Menu (5) T a[...]

20050501 Action Menu Functions This section describes how to use each function in the [Action] menu. Please note that start cell:end cell is equivalent to entering a list. u u u u u min Function: Returns the lowest value contained in the range of specified cells. Syntax: min(start cell[:end cell][,start cell[:end cell]] / [,value]) Example: T o det[...]

20050501 u u u u u mean Function: Returns the mean of the values contained in the range of specified cells. Syntax: mean(start cell:end cell[,start cell:end cell]) Example: T o determine the mean of the values in the block whose upper left corner is located at A7 and whose lower right corner is located at C12, and input the result in cell A1: 13-6-[...]

20050501 u u u u u mode Function: Returns the mode of the values contained in the range of specified cells. Syntax: mode(start cell:end cell[,start cell:end cell]) Example: T o determine the mode of the values in the block whose upper left corner is located at A7 and whose lower right corner is located at C12, and input the result in cell A1: 13-6-[...]

20050501 u u u u u prod Function: Returns the product of the values contained in the range of specified cells. Syntax: prod(start cell:end cell[,start cell:end cell]) Example: T o determine the product of the values in cells A7 and A8, and input the result in cell A1: 13-6-7 Using the Action Menu u u u u u cuml Function: Returns the cumulative sums[...]

20050501 u u u u u A list Function: Returns the differences between values in each of the adjacent cells in the range of specified cells. Syntax: A list(start cell:end cell) Example: T o determine the differences of the values in cells B1 through B3, and input the result in cell A1: 13-6-8 Using the Action Menu u u u u u stdDev Function: Returns th[...]

20050501 u u u u u variance Function: Returns the sample variance of the values contained in the range of specified cells. Syntax: variance(start cell:end cell) Example: T o determine the sample variance of the values in the block whose upper left corner is located at A7 and whose lower right corner is located at C12, and input the result in cell A[...]

20050501 u u u u u Q 3 Function: Returns the third quartile of the values contained in the range of specified cells. Syntax: Q 3 (start cell:end cell[,start cell:end cell]) Example: T o determine the third quartile of the values in the block whose upper left corner is located at A7 and whose lower right corner is located at C12, and input the resul[...]

20050501 u u u u u polyEval Function: Returns a polynomial arranged in descending order . The coefficients correspond sequentially to each value in the range of specified cells. Syntax: polyEval(start cell:end cell[,start cell:end cell] / [,variable]) Example: T o create a second degree polynomial with coefficients that correspond to the values in [...]

20050501 u u u u u sequence Function: Returns the lowest-degree polynomial that generates the sequence expressed by the values in a list or range of specified cells. If we evaluate the polynomial at 2, for example, the result will be the second value in our list. Syntax: sequence(start cell:end cell[,start cell:end cell][,variable]) Example: T o de[...]

20050501 u u u u u sumSeq Function: Determines the lowest-degree polynomial that generates the sum of the first n terms of your sequence. If we evaluate the resulting polynomial at 1, for example, the result will be the first value in your list. If we evaluate the resulting polynomial at 2, the result will be the sum of the first two values in your[...]

20050501 u u u u u row Function: Returns the row number of a specified cell. Syntax: row(cell) Example: T o determine the row number of cell A7 and input the result in cell A1: u u u u u col Function: Returns the column number of a specified cell. Syntax: col(cell) Example: T o determine the column number of cell C9 and input the result in cell A1:[...]

20050501 13-6-15 Using the Action Menu u u u u u count Function: Returns a count of the number of cells in the specified range. Syntax: count(start cell[:end cell]) Example: T o count the number of cells in the block whose upper left corner is located at A7 and whose lower right corner is located at C12, and input the result in cell A1:[...]

20050501 13-7-1 Formatting Cells and Data 13-7 Formatting Cells and Data This section explains how to control the format of the spreadsheet and the data contained in the cells. Standard (Fractional) and Decimal (Approximate) Modes Y ou can use the following procedure to control whether a specific cell, row, or column, or the entire spreadsheet shou[...]

20050501 T ext Alignment With the following procedure, you can specify justified, align left, center , or align right for a specific cell, row , or column, or the entire spreadsheet. u ClassPad Operation (1) Select the cell(s) whose alignment setting you want to specify . •S ee “Selecting Cells” on page 13-3-5 for information about selecting [...]

20050501 Changing the Width of a Column There are three different methods you can use to control the width of a column: dragging with the stylus, using the [Column Width] command, or using the [AutoFit Selection] command. u To change the width of a column using the stylus Use the stylus to drag the edge of a column header left or right until it is [...]

20050501 (3) On the dialog box that appears, enter a value in the [Width] box to specify the desired width of the column in pixels. •Y ou can also use the [Range] box to specify a different column from the one you selected in step (1) above, or a range of columns. Entering B1:D1 in the [Range] box, for example, will change columns B, C, and D to [...]

20050501 (3) On the [Edit] menu, tap [AutoFit Selection]. • This causes the column width to be adjusted automatically so the entire value can be displayed. •N ote that [AutoFit Selection] also will reduce the width of a column, if applicable. The following shows what happens when [AutoFit Selection] is executed while a cell that contains a sing[...]

20050501 13-8-1 Graphing 13-8 Graphing The Spreadsheet application lets you draw a variety of different graphs for analyzing data. Y ou can combine line and column graphs, and the interactive editing feature lets you change a graph by dragging its points on the display . Graph Menu After selecting data on the spreadsheet, use the [Graph] menu to se[...]

20050501 u [Graph] - [Line] - [Clustered] ( D ) u [Graph] - [Line] - [Stacked] ( F ) 13-8-2 Graphing[...]

20050501 u [Graph] - [Line] - [100% Stacked] ( G ) u [Graph] - [Column] - [Clustered] ( H ) 13-8-3 Graphing[...]

20050501 u [Graph] - [Column] - [Stacked] ( J ) u [Graph] - [Column] - [100% Stacked] ( K ) 13-8-4 Graphing[...]

20050501 u [Graph] - [Bar] - [Clustered] ( L ) u [Graph] - [Bar] - [Stacked] ( : ) 13-8-5 Graphing[...]

20050501 u [Graph] - [Bar] - [100% Stacked] ( " ) u [Graph] - [Pie] ( Z ) •W hen you select a pie chart, only the first series (row or column) of the selected data is used. •T apping any of the sections of a pie graph causes three values to appear at the bottom of the screen: the cell location, a data value for the section, and a percent v[...]

20050501 u [Graph] - [Scatter] ( X ) 13-8-7 Graphing • In the case of a scatter graph, the first series (column or row) of selected values is used as the x -values for all plots. The other selected values are used as the y -value for each of the plots. This means if you select four columns of data (like Columns A, B, C, and D), for example, there[...]

20050501 u [Graph] - [Column Series] Selecting this option treats each column as a separate set of data. The value in each row is plotted as a vertical axis value. The following shows a typical clustered column graph while [Column Series] is selected, and the data that produced it. Graph Window Menus and T oolbar The following describes the special[...]

20050501 k View Menu Many of the [View] menu commands can also be executed by tapping Spreadsheet application Graph window toolbar buttons. To do this: T ap this Or select this toolbar button: [View] menu item: Change the function of the stylus so it can be used to select and move points on the displayed G Select graph Start a box zoom operation Q [...]

20050501 To do this: T ap this Or select this toolbar button: [Series] menu item: Display a linear regression curve d T rend - Linear Display a quadratic regression curve f T rend - Polynomial - Quadratic Display a cubic regression curve g T rend - Polynomial - Cubic Display a quartic regression curve h T rend - Polynomial - Quartic Display a quint[...]

20050501 Basic Graphing Steps The following are the basic steps for graphing spreadsheet data. u ClassPad Operation (1) Input the data you want to graph into the spreadsheet. (2) Use the [Graph] menu to specify whether you want to graph the data by row or by column. To do this: Select this [Graph] menu option: Graph the data by row Row Series Graph[...]

20050501 (4) On the [Graph] menu, select the type of graph you want to draw . Or you can tap the applicable icon on the toolbar . • This draws the selected graph. See “Graph Menu” on page 13-8-1 for examples of the different types of graphs that are available. •Y ou can change to another type of graph at any time by selecting the graph type[...]

20050501 Other Graph Window Operations This section provides more details about the types of operations you can perform while the Graph window is on the display . u To show or hide lines and markers (1) While a line graph or a scatter graph is on the Graph window , tap the [View] menu. (2) T ap the [Markers] or [Lines] item to toggle it between sho[...]

20050501 u To change a line in a clustered line graph to a column graph (1) Draw the clustered line graph. (2) With the stylus, tap any data point on the line you wish to change to a column graph. (3) On the [Series] menu, tap [Column]. 13-8-14 Graphing •Y ou could also tap the down arrow button next to the third tool button from the left, and th[...]

20050501 u To change a column in a clustered column graph to a line (1) Draw the clustered column graph. (2) With the stylus, tap any one of the columns you wish to change to a line graph. (3) On the [Series] menu, tap [Line]. •Y ou could also tap the down arrow button next to the third tool button from the left, and then tap z . •Y ou can chan[...]

20050501 u To display a regression curve (1) Draw a clustered line graph or clustered column graph. •A regression curve can be drawn for a line, column, or scatter graph only . • The above shows a stacked line graph. (2) With the stylus, tap any point of the data for which you want to draw the regression curve. (3) Use the [Series] menu to sele[...]

20050501 •T apping the regression curve selects it and displays its equation in the status bar . •Y ou can drag and drop the regression curve to a cell or the edit box in the Spreadsheet window . 13-8-17 Graphing •T o delete all displayed regression curves, select [Clear All] on the [Edit] menu. •N ote that regression curves are also delete[...]

20050501 13-8-18 Graphing u To find out the percentage of data for each pie graph section (1) While the display is split between the pie graph and the Spreadsheet windows, tap the pie graph to select it. (2) On the [Edit] menu, tap [Copy]. (3) T ap the Spreadsheet window to make it active. (4) T ap the cell where you want to paste the data. • The[...]

20050501 u To change the appearance of the axes While a graph is on the Graph window , select [T oggle Axes] on the [View] menu or tap the q toolbar button to cycle through axes settings in the following sequence: axes on → axes and values on → axes and values off → . u To change the appearance of a graph by dragging a point While a graph is [...]

20050501 13-8-20 Graphing • If a regression curve is displayed for the data whose graph is being changed by dragging, the regression curve also changes automatically in accordance with the drag changes. •W hen you edit data in the spreadsheet and press E , your graph will update automatically . Important! •Y ou can drag a point only if it cor[...]

20050501 Chapter 14 Using the Setup Menu The [Setup] menu gives you the means to specify the display format of numeric values and the initial default values for each application, and to configure a variety of other basic settings. 14-1 Setup Menu Overview 14-2 Using the Setup Menu 14-3 Setup Menu Settings[...]

20050501 14-1-1 Setup Menu Overview 14-1 Setup Menu Overview The following describes each of the commands that are available on the [Setup] menu. To do this: Select this [Setup] menu command: Configure general calculation, cell, and other basic settings for all built-in applications Basic Format Configure Graph window and graph drawing settings for[...]

20050501 •S ome setup dialog boxes contain multiple tabbed sheets like the Graph Format dialog box. T ap the tab for the sheet that contains the settings you want to configure. (4) Use the dialog box to configure the settings you want. • For details about the settings you can configure on each of the dialog boxes, see “14-3 Setup Menu Setting[...]

20050501 Specifying a V ariable Certain settings require that you specify variables. If you specify a user-stored variable when configuring the setting of such an item, you must specify the folder where the variable is stored and the variable name. Example: To use [T able V ariable] on the [Cell] tab of the Basic Format dialog box for configuring a[...]

20050501 (7) T ap [Set] to save your settings. Initializing All Setup Menu Settings Perform the following procedure when you want to return all [Setup] menu settings to their initial defaults. u ClassPad Operation (1) T ap O and [Settings], or tap s on the icon panel, and then tap [Setup] and [Default Setup]. (2) In response to the “Reset Setup D[...]

20050501 14-3-1 Setup Menu Settings 14-3 Setup Menu Settings This section provides details about all of the settings you can configure using the [Setup] menu settings. The following two points apply to all of the dialog boxes. •S ome settings involve turning options on or off. Selecting a check box next to an option (so it has a check mark) turns[...]

20050501 14-3-2 Setup Menu Settings u Display To specify this type of numeric value display format: Select this setting: Auto exponential display for values less than 10 –2 and from 10 10 or greater (when you are in the Decimal mode) Normal 1* Auto exponential display for values less than 10 –9 and from 10 10 or greater (when you are in the Dec[...]

20050501 14-3-3 Setup Menu Settings u Cell Width Pattern To specify this row width for list editor and data Select this table displays: setting: 2 cells 2 Cells 3 cells 3 Cells* 4 cells 4 Cells u ∑ display To do this: Select this setting: T urn on display of subtotals for sequence tables On T urn off display of subtotals for sequence tables Off* [...]

20050501 Graph Format Dialog Box Use the Graph Format dialog box to configure settings for the Graph window and for drawing graphs. 14-3-4 Setup Menu Settings Basic T ab To do this: Do this: T urn on display of function name and function Select the [Graph Function] check box.* T urn of f display of function name and function Clear the [Graph Functi[...]

20050501 To do this: Do this: Draw multiple graphs simultaneously Select the [Simul Graph] check box. Draw multiple graphs one-by-one Clear the [Simul Graph] check box.* T urn on display of coordinates of your graph and Select the [Derivative/Slope] check its derivative in the Ordered Pair table box. T urn of f display of coordinates of Graph windo[...]

20050501 14-3-6 Setup Menu Settings u Coordinates To do this: Select this setting: Display coordinate values using rectangular Rectangular* coordinates Display coordinate values using polar coordinates Polar T urn of f display of coordinates Off u Axes To do this: Select this setting: Display axes normally On Display box type coordinate axes Box Tu[...]

20050501 14-3-7 Setup Menu Settings • The above is the same as the [G-Controller] setting on the Graph Format dialog box. u G-Controller To do this: Do this: T urn on display of graph controller arrows during graphing Select the [G-Controller] check box.* T urn of f display of graph controller arrows during graphing Clear the [G-Controller] check[...]

20050501 14-3-8 Setup Menu Settings Communication Dialog Box Use the Communication dialog box to configure communication settings. For full details about the Communication application, see Chapter 16. u Hard Copy To do this with hard copy data generated by Select this tapping h : setting: Send hard copy data to an T o outer external device device* [...]

20050501 Chapter 15 Configuring System Settings The ClassPad unit’s System application lets you configure global system settings and access system information. 15-1 System Setting Overview 15-2 Managing Memory Usage 15-3 Using the Reset Dialog Box 15-4 Initializing Y our ClassPad 15-5 Adjusting Display Contrast 15-6 Configuring Power Properties 1[...]

20050501 15-1-1 System Setting Overview 15-1 System Setting Overview This section describes the configuration of the System application window , and provides information about its menus and commands. Starting Up the System Application Use the following procedure to start up the System application. u ClassPad Operation On the application menu, tap Y[...]

20050501 System Application Menus and Buttons To perform an operation in the System application, select it on the [System] menu or tap the applicable toolbar button. To do this: T ap this Or select this button: System menu item: Reset the ClassPad unit (which deletes all variable and program data in main memory and all eActivity ; Reset data in the[...]

20050501 15-2 Managing Memory Usage Y ou can use [Memory Usage] to determine how much data is stored in the main memory and the storage area, and to delete data. [Memory Usage] appears first whenever you tap Y on the application menu to start up the System application. [Memory Usage] contains the following four sheets. To view this: Select this tab[...]

20050501 This item: Shows how much memory is used by this type of data: Graph Summary Summary table data V iew Window 2-dimensional View Window parameter values 3D View Window 3-dimensional View Window parameter values Factor Zoom factor values T able Range values and table result values Conics Eqn Conics expressions Sequence Sequential and recursi[...]

20050501 Deleting Memory Usage Data Y ou can use the following procedure to delete memory usage data. u ClassPad Operation (1) T ap the memory usage tab (Main Memory , Add-In App., eActivity , or Language) that contains the data you want to delete. (2) Select the check box next to the item whose data you want to delete. (3) T ap the [Delete] button[...]

20050501 15-3 Using the Reset Dialog Box Y ou can perform the following operations from the Reset dialog box. •D elete all variable and program data in main memory •D elete all eActivity data in storage memory u ClassPad Operation (1) On the application menu, tap Y . • This starts up the System application. (2) T ap ; to display the Reset dia[...]

20050501 15-4 Initializing Y our ClassPad The initialization procedure provides you with a choice of two options. Y ou can either clear the Flash ROM entire and return its data to the factory default state, or you can specify deletion of all user formulas and data, without deleting any currently installed add-in applications. W arning! Initializing[...]

20050501 (3) Adjust display contrast. To do this: T ap this button: Make the display lighter Make the display darker Return contrast to its initial factory default setting Initial •T apping and holding or continually performs the applicable operation until you release the button. (4) T o close the Contrast dialog box, tap [Set]. 15-5 Adjusting Di[...]

20050501 15-6 Configuring Power Properties Use the Power Properties dialog box to configure the power saving mode and auto power off (APO) settings. Power Saving Mode Y our ClassPad has a “resume” feature that remembers its status when you turn it off, and restores the same status the next time you turn the ClassPad back on. Resume feature oper[...]

20050501 Configuring Power Properties u ClassPad Operation (1) On the application menu, tap Y . • This starts up the System application. (2) T ap X to display the Power Properties dialog box. (3) Configure the Power Save Mode and Auto Power Off settings. •S ee “Power Saving Mode” and “Auto Power Off” on page 15-6-1 for details about the[...]

20050501 15-7 Specifying the Display Language Y ou can use the following procedure to specify German, English, Spanish, French, or Portuguese as the display language. u ClassPad Operation (1) On the application menu, tap Y . • This starts up the System application. (2) T ap C to display the Language dialog box. (3) In the list of languages, tap t[...]

20050501 15-8-1 Specifying the Font Set 15-8 Specifying the Font Set Y ou can select either “Regular” or “Bolder” as the display font type. Regular Bolder T ext Input Menu u ClassPad Operation (1) On the application menu, tap Y . • This starts up the System application. (2) T ap > to display the Font Select dialog box. (3) In the list [...]

20050501 15-9 Specifying the Alphabetic Keyboard Arrangement The Keyboard dialog box lets you select from among three dif ferent key arrangements for the alphabetic (abc) soft keyboard: QWERTY , AZERTY , or QWERTZ. The initial default setting is QWERTY . QWERTZ u ClassPad Operation (1) On the application menu, tap Y . • This starts up the System [...]

20050501 15-10 Optimizing “Flash ROM” Use the following procedure to perform a “garbage collection” operation that optimizes Flash ROM. Optimizing Flash ROM increases the amount of memory available for storage. u ClassPad Operation (1) On the application menu, tap Y . • This starts up the System application. (2) T ap < . • This displ[...]

20050501 15-1 1 Specifying the Ending Screen Image Whenever you press the o key to turn off the ClassPad unit, it copies any data currently in RAM to Flash ROM, and then turns off power . The ending screen is what appears on the display while the RAM data save operation is being performed, until power is actually turned off. Y ou can specify the im[...]

20050501 15-12 Adjusting T ouch Panel Alignment Y ou should adjust touch panel alignment whenever you find that the wrong operation or no operation is performed when you tap the ClassPad screen. u ClassPad Operation (1) On the application menu, tap Y . • This starts up the System application. (2) T ap M to display the touch panel alignment screen[...]

20050501 15-13 V iewing V ersion Information Use the following procedure when you want to view version information about your ClassPad’s operating system. u To view software version information (1) On the application menu, tap Y . • This starts up the System application. (2) T ap > to display the V ersion dialog box. (3) T o close the Versio[...]

20050501 Performing Data Communication Y ou can use the SB-62 data communication cable to connect your ClassPad to another ClassPad unit or to a CASIO Data Analyzer , and transfer data between them. To transfer data between a ClassPad and a personal computer , you need to use the special USB cable that comes with ClassPad. This chapter explains how[...]

20050501 16-1 Data Communication Overview This section provides an overview of the types of connections that are possible, and the data that can be transferred over each connection. It also tells you how to use the Communication application to transfer data. 16-1-1 Data Communication Overview Important! • Never press the P button on the back of t[...]

20050501 16-1-2 Data Communication Overview k Connecting a ClassPad to a Computer Y ou can perform the following operations when connected to a computer . • T ransfer variable data and eActivity data between the ClassPad and a computer • Install add-in applications, language data, and operating system upgrades onto your ClassPad from the comput[...]

20050501 16-1-3 Data Communication Overview u How to T ransfer Data Use the “Send38k” and “Receive38k” program commands to transfer data. For details, see “Chapter 12 – Using the Program Application”, and the user documentation that comes with the Data Analyzer . Using the ClassPad Communication Application To perform a data transfer [...]

20050501 16-2-1 Connecting the ClassPad to Another Device 16-2 Connecting the ClassPad to Another Device This section provides detailed explanations about how to connect the ClassPad to another ClassPad unit, to a computer , and to a CASIO Data Analyzer . Connecting to Another ClassPad Unit Use the procedure below to connect two ClassPad units. k R[...]

20050501 16-2-2 Connecting the ClassPad to Another Device Connecting to an EA-200 Data Analyzer Y ou can use the CASIO Data Analyzer to sample and collect data on various everyday natural phenomena. Y ou can also connect the Data Analyzer to your ClassPad, and control Data Analyzer operation from your ClassPad. Y ou can transfer setup information f[...]

20050501 16-2-3 Connecting the ClassPad to Another Device Connecting to a Computer (USB) By running ClassPad Manager software that comes with ClassPad on your computer , you can transfer ClassPad data to your computer . See the ClassPad Manager User’s Guide for information about how to use it. • For information about ClassPad Manager minimum co[...]

20050501 16-3-1 Configuring Communication Parameters 16-3 Configuring Communication Parameters Before trying to transfer data with the ClassPad, you should perform the procedures described in this section to configure its data communication parameters. u ClassPad Operation (1) On the application menu, tap B . • This starts the Communication appli[...]

20050501 16-3-2 Configuring Communication Parameters The above setting specifies the data rate when connected to another ClassPad, or a Data Analyzer . Note that you must set the data rate (baud rate) for both the ClassPad and the connected device so they are identical. u W akeup Enable To do this: Tu rn on the w akeup function (see below) Tu rn of[...]

20050501 16-3-3 Configuring Communication Parameters k When connected to a computer’s USB port W akeup activates as soon as you connect the cable to the ClassPad, and the ClassPad automatically performs the following steps. (1) If the ClassPad is off when the cable is connected, it turns on. (2) The currently running application is exited, and th[...]

20050501 16-4-1 T ransferring Data to Another ClassPad Unit 16-4 T ransferring Data to Another ClassPad Unit This section details the steps you should perform in order to transfer data from one ClassPad unit to another . u ClassPad Operation (1) Use the procedure under “Connecting to Another ClassPad Unit” on page 16-2-1 to connect the two unit[...]

20050501 Sender (6) In response to the confirmation message that appears, tap [OK] to send the data or [Cancel] to cancel the send operation. • Sender T apping [OK] sends the data you selected in step (4). • Receiver If the receiving device has wakeup enabled, it automatically starts receiving the data. Sender (7) The message “Complete!” ap[...]

20050501 16-4-3 T ransferring Data to Another ClassPad Unit Selecting Data for T ransfer Perform the following steps on the sending device to select the data you want to send in step (3) of the procedure on page 16-4-1. u ClassPad Operation (1) In the Communication application, tap [Link] and then [T ransmit], or tap E to display the Select Data di[...]

20050501 16-4-4 T ransferring Data to Another ClassPad Unit •T o return to the folder list from a list of folder contents, tap I in the lower left corner of the window . •Y ou can transfer all of the variables or data in a folder by selecting the check box next to the folder name on the data folder list or eActivity folder list. (4) T ap [OK] t[...]

20050501 16-4-5 T ransferring Data to Another ClassPad Unit Sending a Screenshot of the Current Display Contents Use the following procedure to send the current display contents of your ClassPad to another ClassPad unit. Important! Screenshot transfer is disabled when either of the following conditions exists. • While a calculation or graphing op[...]

20050501 16-4-6 T ransferring Data to Another ClassPad Unit Communication Standby The ClassPad enters “communication standby” when you perform a send or receive operation. While in communication standby , the ClassPad waits for the other unit to send data, or for it to get ready to receive data. The following describes how communication standby[...]

20050501 Appendix 1R esetting and Initializing the ClassPad 2D eleting an Application 3 Power Supply 4N umber of Digits and Precision 5 Specifications 6C haracter Code T able 7S ystem V ariable T able 8C ommand and Function Index 9G raph T ypes and Executable Functions 10 Error Message T able α[...]

20050501 1 Resetting and Initializing the ClassPad The memory of your ClassPad is divided into three parts: main memory , a storage area for storing data, and a RAM area for executing various calculations and operations. Reset and initialize restore normal ClassPad operation after some problem occurs. RAM Reset Perform RAM reset when the ClassPad f[...]

20050501 α -1-2 Resetting and Initializing the ClassPad P P button k Performing the RAM Reset Operation Y ou should perform the RAM reset operation whenever your ClassPad freezes up or when it begins to operate abnormally for some reason. The RAM reset operation should restore normal ClassPad operation. Important! • The RAM reset operation delet[...]

20050501 2 Deleting an Application Y ou can delete an add-in application by deleting it from the application menu or by using the [Add-In App.] Memory Usage sheet of the System application as described in Chapter 15. The following procedure shows how to delete an add-in application from the application menu only . For information about using the Sy[...]

20050501 3 Power Supply Y our ClassPad is powered by four AAA-size batteries LR03 (AM4). The battery level indicator is displayed in the status bar . ....................... full ....................... medium ....................... low Important! •B e sure to replace batteries as soon as possible whenever the battery level indicator shows (medi[...]

20050501 k Replacing Batteries Precautions: Incorrectly using batteries can cause them to burst or leak, possibly damaging the interior of the ClassPad. Note the following precautions: •B e sure that the positive (+) and negative (–) poles of each battery are facing in the proper directions. •N ever mix batteries of different types. •N ever[...]

20050501 (3) Remove the battery cover from the ClassPad by pulling with your finger at the point marked 1 . (6) Replace the battery cover . (7) Turn the ClassPad front side up and remove its front cover . (8) Align the touch panel. a. Y our ClassPad should turn on automatically and display the T ouch Panel Alignment screen. b. T ap the center of ea[...]

20050501 (9) Adjust the display contrast. a. T ap the button to make contrast darker , or the button to make it lighter . b. After the contrast setting is the way you want, tap [Set]. •T apping [Initial] on the Contrast dialog box returns contrast to its initial factory default setting. (10) Specify the display language. a. On the list that appea[...]

20050501 α -3-5 Power Supply k About the Auto Power Off Function The Auto Power Off (APO) feature helps conserve battery power by turning of f the ClassPad automatically whenever you do not perform any operation for specified amount of time. Y ou can specify 1, 3, 6, or 60 minutes for the Auto Power Off trigger time. The initial default APO settin[...]

20050501 4 Number of Digits and Precision k Number of Digits Standard Mode The following applies when the check box next to the “Decimal Calculation” item on the Basic Format dialog box is not selected. •U p to 61 1 digits are stored in memory for integer values. •D ecimal values up to 15 digits are converted to fraction format and saved in[...]

20050501 5 Specifications Calculation range: ± 1 × 10 –999 to ± 9.999999999 × 10 999 and 0. Internal operations use 15-digit mantissa. Exponential display range: Normal 1: 10 –2 > | x |, | x | > 10 10 Normal 2: 10 –9 > | x |, | x | > 10 10 Program capacity: 515000 bytes (max.) Power supply: Four AAA-size batteries LR03 (AM4) P[...]

20050501 Port: 3-pin data communication port 4-pin mini USB port • For information about ClassPad Manager minimum computer system requirements, see the ClassPad Manager User's Guide. Method: Start-stop (asynchronous), full-duplex T ransmission speed (BPS): 1 15200/38400/9600 bits/second (normal) 38400 bits/second (Send38k/Receive38k) Parity:[...]

20020801 20050501 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 6 Character Code T able Characters from character code 257 onwards are 2-byte characters. 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 10[...]

20020801 20050501 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 [...]

20020801 20050501 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 [...]

20020801 20050501 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 [...]

20050501 7 System V ariable T able Name Description Input Delete Data T ype Default a 0 Sequence V ariable 䊊 – EXPR (Real Number) 0 a 1 Sequence V ariable 䊊 – EXPR (Real Number) 0 a 2 Sequence V ariable 䊊 – EXPR (Real Number) 0 a Coef Regression Coefficient a –– EXPR (Real Number) ac Seq Sequence Graph T race V ariable – – EXPR [...]

20050501 Name Description Input Delete Data T ype Default b n E Sequence Expression 䊊䊊 STR b n E 0 Recursion Internal V ariable – – EXPR (Real Number) b n Start Sequence V ariable 䊊 – EXPR (Real Number) 0 c 0 Sequence V ariable 䊊 – EXPR (Real Number) 0 c 1 Sequence V ariable 䊊 – EXPR (Real Number) 0 c 2 Sequence V ariable 䊊 ?[...]

20050501 Name Description Input Delete Data T ype Default GconHStart Graph T ransformation V ertical Start –– EXPR (Real Number) 1 Point GconHStep Graph T ransformation V ertical Step –– EXPR (Real Number) 1 V alue GconWEnd Graph T ransformation Horizontal End –– EXPR (Real Number) 5 Point GconWStart Graph T ransformation Horizontal –[...]

20050501 Name Description Input Delete Data T ype Default ModeFStat Frequency of Mode V alues –– EXPR (Real Number) (Statistics Calculation) ModeNStat Number of Mode V alues –– EXPR (Real Number) (Statistics Calculation) ModeStat Mode V alue (Statistics Calculation) – – LIST {Real Number} MSe Mean Square Error for Regression – – EXP[...]

20050501 Name Description Input Delete Data T ype Default Sres22 Calculation Result for StatGraph2 – – LIST {Real Number} Sres31 Calculation Result for StatGraph3 – – LIST {Real Number} Sres32 Calculation Result for StatGraph3 – – LIST {Real Number} Sres41 Calculation Result for StatGraph4 – – LIST {Real Number} Sres42 Calculation R[...]

20050501 Name Description Input Delete Data T ype Default x 2 InvN Result of InvNorm Calculation – – EXPR (Real Number) x 2 σ n –1 Sample Standard Deviation of Data 2 – – EXPR (Real Number) xc Graph Coordinate V alue Storage –– EXPR (Real Number) 0 V ariable xdot View Window 1-dot x -axis V alue 䊊 – EXPR (Real Number) 0.1 xfact F[...]

20050501 Name Description Input Delete Data T ype Default 3D Graph View Window Display ymin3D Range y -axis Minimum V alue 䊊 – EXPR (Real Number) –3 yscl View Window Display Range YScale 䊊 – EXPR (Real Number) 1 yt 1( t )~ Graph Expression Input V ariable, 䊊 䊊 FUNC yt 100( t ) Param T ype (Define) y σ n Population Standard Deviation [...]

20050501 8 Command and Function Index α -8-1 Command and Function Index Command/Function Form Page Command/Function Form Page abExpR Cmd 12-6-32 abExpReg Cmd 12-6-27 abs Func 2-4-5 absExpand Func 2-7-42  and Cmd 2-7-42 andConnect Func 2-7-42 angle Func 2-7-38 approx Func 2-7-5 arcLen Func 2-7-13 arg Func 2-7-15 arrange Func 2-7-44 augment Func [...]

20050501 α -8-2 Command and Function Index Command/Function Form Page Command/Function Form Page DrawFTGCon, DrawFTGPlot Cmd 12-6-16 DrawGraph Cmd 12-6-17 DrawSeqCon, DrawSeqPlt Cmd 12-6-26 DrawSeqEtrCon, DrawSeqEtrPlt Cmd 12-6-26 DrawStat Cmd 12-6-28 Draw3D Cmd 12-6-24 dSolve Func 2-7-39 E Cmd e ^ Func 2-4-3 eigVc Func 2-7-30 eigVl Func 2-7-30 el[...]

20050501 α -8-3 Command and Function Index Command/Function Form Page Command/Function Form Page Message Cmd 12-6-7 min Func 2-7-21 mod Func 2-7-15 ModBox Cmd 12-6-32 mode Func 2-7-22 MoveV ar Cmd 12-6-40 mRow Func 2-7-32 mRowAdd Func 2-7-32 MultiSortA Cmd 12-6-30 MultiSortD Cmd 12-6-30 nCr Func 2-4-9 NDist Cmd 12-6-32 NewFolder Cmd 12-6-40 norm F[...]

20050501 α -8-4 Command and Function Index Command/Function Form Page Command/Function Form Page rotate Func 2-7-19 rowAdd Func 2-7-33 rowDim Func 2-7-33 rowNorm Func 2-7-33 rref Func 2-7-30 rSolve Func 2-7-40 Scatter Cmd 12-6-32 SelOn3D Cmd 12-6-24 Send38k Cmd 12-6-46 SendV ar38k Cmd 12-6-46 seq Func 2-7-18 SeqSelOff Cmd 12-6-26 SeqSelOn Cmd 12-6[...]

20050501 α -8-5 Command and Function Index Command/Function Form Page Command/Function Form Page 20050501 StrShift Cmd 12-6-44 StrSrc Cmd 12-6-44 strT oExp( Func 12-6-44 StrUpr Cmd 12-6-44 subList Func 2-7-20 subMat Func 2-7-28 sum Func 2-7-23 sumSeq Func 2-7-26 swap Func 2-7-32 Switch~Case~Default~SwitchEnd Cmd 12-6-14 T ableInput Cmd 12-6-38 tan[...]

20050501 α -9-1 Graph T ypes and Executable Functions 9 Graph T ypes and Executable Functions Zoom Graph T ype Function Analysis Sketch G-Solve Modify Box In Out Auto Original Square Round Integer Previous Quick T ypes Tr ace Cls Plot Line T ext Normal Inverse Circle Ve rtical Horizontal Root Max Min Intersect Inflection Distance π ∫ f ( x ) 2 [...]

20050501 α -9-2 Graph T ypes and Executable Functions Zoom Graph T ype Function Analysis Sketch G-Solve Modify Box In Out Auto Original Square Round Integer Previous Quick T ypes T race Cls Plot Line T ext Normal Inverse Circle Vertical Horizontal Root Max Min Intersect Inflection Distance π ∫ f ( x ) 2 d x ∫ d x x -cal y -cal y -Intercept T [...]

20050501 α -9-3 Graph T ypes and Executable Functions Zoom Graph T ype Function Analysis Sketch G-Solve Modify Box In Out Auto Original Square Round Integer Previous Quick T ypes Tr ace Cls Plot Line T ext Normal Inverse Circle Ve rtical Horizontal Root Max Min Intersect Inflection Distance π ∫ f ( x ) 2 d x ∫ d x x -cal y -cal y -Intercept T[...]

20050501 α -9-4 Graph T ypes and Executable Functions Zoom Graph T ype Function Analysis Sketch G-Solve Modify Box In Out Auto Original Square Round Integer Previous Quick T ypes Tr ace Cls Plot Line T ext Normal Inverse Circle Ve rtical Horizontal Root Max Min Intersect Inflection Distance π ∫ f ( x ) 2 d x ∫ d x x -cal y -cal y -Intercept T[...]

20050501 α -10-1 Error Message T able 10 Error Message T able k Error Message T able Error Message Description A single presentation can contain up to 60 pages. Access to Flash ROM Argument must be a variable name Can’t Create Can’t Delete Can’t Edit Can’t Rename Can’t T ransform into This T ype Circular Reference Communication Failure C[...]

20050501 Error Message Description α -10-2 Error Message T able Folder Function has invalid variable name Function T ype History Full Incorrect Argument Incorrect Jump Incorrect Number of Arguments Incorrect Number of Parenthesis Incorrect Program Call Insufficient Elements Insufficient Memory Invalid Bounds Invalid Code Invalid Data T ype Invalid[...]

20050501 Error Message Description α -10-3 Error Message T able Y ou are trying to execute a command that must be used inside of a program as a local command, outside of a program. Y ou are trying to specify an invalid path. This error occurs when you include a system folder in a path, when you include a system variable in a path, or when you try [...]

20050501 Error Message Description α -10-4 Error Message T able Non-Real Result Not a Local V ariable Not a Numerical V alue Result Not an Empty Folder Not Appropriate Numerical V alue Input Not Found Not Function Name or Program Name Over 30 factors have occurred Overflow Page Size Presentation file is not selected or does not exist. Receiving Fa[...]

20050501 W arning Message Description k W arning Message T able α -10-5 Error Message T able k Low Memory Error Processing An error occurs on the ClassPad if it is unable to reserve enough work area memory to perform a particular operation. When a low memory error occurs, any application in use at that point is shut down and an error message like [...]

CASIO Europe GmbH Bornbarch 10, 22848 Norderstedt, Germany Important! Please keep your manual and all information handy for future reference.[...]

CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD. 6-2, Hon-machi 1-chome Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8543, Japan One or more of the following patents may be used in the product. U.S.Pats. 4,794,553 4,794,554 5,166,897 5,210,708 5,535,317 SA0908-C[...]