Casio fx-3950P manuale d’uso

fx-3650P fx-3950P User's Guide Guía del usuario http://world.casio.com/edu_e/ E S[...]

CASIO ELECTRONICS CO., LTD. Unit 6, 1000 North Circular Road, London NW2 7JD, U.K.[...]

E-1 ENGLISH[...]

E-2 Safety Precautions Be sure to read the following safety precautions before using this calculator . Keep this manual handy for later reference. Caution This symbol is used to indicate information that can result in personal injury or material damage if ignored. Batteries •A fter removing the battery from the calculator , put it in a safe place[...]

E-3 •I n no event shall CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. be liable to anyone for special, collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the purchase or use of these materials. Moreover , CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. shall not be liable for any claim of any kind whatsoever against the use of these materials by any other[...]

E-4 •N ever twist or bend the calculator . A void carrying the calculator in the pocket of your trousers or other tight- fitting clothing where it might be subjected to twisting or bending. •N ever try to take the calculator apart. •N ever press the keys of the calculator with a ballpoint pen or other pointed object. •U se a soft, dry cloth[...]

E-5 Contents Safety Precautions ....................................................... 2 Handling Precautions .................................................. 3 Before getting started... ............................................... 7 k Key Markings ....................................................................................... 7 k Mod[...]

E-6 k Square Roots, Cube Roots, Roots, Squares, Cubes, Reciprocals, Factorials, Random Numbers, π , and Permutation/Combination ....... 23 k Angle Unit Conversion ....................................................................... 24 k Coordinate Conversion (Pol ( x , y ), Rec ( r , θ )) .................................. 24 k Engineering Not[...]

E-7 Befor e getting star ted... k Key Markings Many of the calculator’s keys are used to perform more than one function. The functions marked on the keyboard are color coded to help you find the one you need quickly and easily . M– M DT CL A Function Color Key Operation 1 M+ | 2 M– Orange A | Press A and then the key to perform the marked fun[...]

E-8 k Modes Before starting a calculation, you must first enter the correct mode as indicated in the table below . • Pressing the F key more than three times displays additional setup screens. Setup screens are described where they are actually used to change the calculator setup. • In this manual, the name of the mode you need to enter in orde[...]

E-9 •Y ou cannot make changes to the angle unit or other display format (Disp) settings while the calculator is in the BASE Mode. •T he COMP , CMPLX, SD, and REG modes can be used in combination with the angle unit settings. •B e sure to check the current calculation mode (SD, REG, COMP , CMPLX) and angle unit setting (Deg, Rad, Gra) before b[...]

E-10 •P ressing the e or r key while a replay memory calculation is on the display changes to the editing screen. •P ressing the e or r key immediately after you finish a calculation displays the editing screen for that calculation. •P ressing t does not clear replay memory , so you can recall the last calculation even after you press t . •[...]

E-11 u Norm 1 With Norm 1, exponential notation is automatically used for integer values with more than 10 digits and decimal values with more than two decimal places. u Norm 2 With Norm 2, exponential notation is automatically used for integer values with more than 10 digits and decimal values with more than nine decimal places. •A ll of the exa[...]

E-12 k Fraction Operations u Fraction Calculations •V alues are displayed in decimal format automatically whenever the total number of digits of a fractional value (integer + numerator + denominator + separator marks) exceeds 10. • Example 1:   2 C 3 + 1 C 5 < • Example 2: 3  1  4 3 C 1 C 4 + 1 C 2 C 3 < • Example 3:  2[...]

E-13 u Mixed Fraction ↔ Improper Fraction Conversion • Example: 1 ↔ 1 C 2 C 3 < A B A B •Y ou can use the display setup (Disp) screen to specify the display format when a fraction calculation result is greater than one. •T o change the fraction display format, press the q key a number of times until you reach the setup screen shown bel[...]

E-14 *A s shown here, if you want to use the current Answer Memory value in a mark up or discount calculation, you need to assign the Answer Memory value into a variable and then use the variable in the mark up/ discount c a l c u l at io n . T h is i s b ec a us e th e ca l c u l a t i on pe r fo r me d wh en v is pressed stores a result to Answer[...]

E-15 •P ress the number key ( 1 , 2 , or 3 ) that corresponds to the setup item you want to change. 1 (Fix): Number of decimal places 2 (Sci): Number of significant digits 3 (Norm): Exponential display format • Example 1: 200  7  14  200 7 - 14 < (Specifies three decimal places.) F ..... 1 (Fix) 3 (Internal calculation continues u[...]

E-16 k Answer Memory •W henever you press < after inputting values or an expression, the calculated result automatically updates Answer Memory contents by storing the result. •I n addition to < , Answer Memory contents are also updated with result whenever you press A v , | , A { , or A j followed by a letter (A through D, or M, X, or Y).[...]

E-17 k Va r i ables •T here are seven variables (A through D, M, X and Y), which can be used to store data, constants, results, and other values. •U se the following operation to delete data assigned to a particular variable: 0 A j 1 . This operation deletes the data assigned to variable A. •P erform the following key operation when you want [...]

E-18 k Absolute V alue and Argument Calculation Supposing the imaginary number expressed by the rectangular form z = a + bi is represented as a point in the Gaussian plane, you can determine the absolute value ( r ) and argument ( ␪ ) of the complex number . The polar form is r ⬔ ␪ . • Example 1: To determine the absolute value ( r ) and ar[...]

E-19 B ASE •Y ou select rectangular form ( a + bi ) or polar form ( r ⬔ ␪ ) for display of complex number calculation results. F ..... 1 (Disp) 1 ( a + bi ) :R ectangular form 2 ( r ⬔ ␪ ) :P o l ar form (indicated by “ r ⬔ ␪ ” on the display) k Conjugate of a Complex Number For any complex number z w here z = a + bi , its conjugat[...]

E-20 •T he following are the allowable ranges for each of the available number systems. Bi nary 1000000000 ⬉ x ⬉ 1111111111 0 ⬉ x ⬉ 0111111111 Octal 4000000000 ⬉ x ⬉ 7777777777 0 ⬉ x ⬉ 3777777777 Decimal –2147483648 ⬉ x ⬉ 2147483647 Hexadecimal 80000000 ⬉ x ⬉ FFFFFFFF 0 ⬉ x ⬉ 7FFFFFFF • Example 1: To perform the fo[...]

E-21 • Example 4: To perform the following calculation and produce an octal result: 7654 8 ÷ 12 10  516 8 Octal mode: t o 0. o l l l 4 (o) 7654 l l l 1 (d) 12 < 516. o • Example 5: To perform the following calculation and produce a hexadecimal and a decimal result: 120 16 or 1101 2  12d 16  301 10 Hexadecimal mode: t h 0. H 120 l[...]

E-22 •P ress the number key ( 1 , 2 , or 3 ) that corresponds to the angle unit you want to use. (90 ° = radians = 100 grads) • Example 1: sin 63 ° 52  41   0.897859012 q ..... 1 ( Deg) S 63 I 52 I 41 I < • Example 2: cos ( rad )  0.5 q ..... 2 ( Rad) W R A x 3 T < • Example 3: cos  1  0.25 π ( rad) (  ( rad)[...]

E-23 k Square Roots, Cube Roots, Roots, Squares, Cubes, Reciprocals, Factorials, Random Numbers, π , and Permutation/Combination • Example 1: 2  3  5  5.287196909 L 2 + L 3 - L 5 < • Example 2: 3 5  3  27  –1.290024053 A D 5 + A D D 27 < • Example 3: 7 123 ( = 123 )  1.988647795 7 A H 123 < • Example 4: 123 [...]

E-24 k Angle Unit Conversion •P ress A v to display the following menu. •P ressing 1 , 2 , or 3 converts the displayed value to the corresponding angle unit. • Example: To convert 4.25 radians to degrees q ..... 1 ( Deg) 4.25 A v 2 ( R ) < k Coordinate Conversion (Pol ( x , y ), Rec ( r , θ )) •C alculation results are automatically ass[...]

E-25 • Example 2: To convert rectangular coordinates (1, 3) to polar coordinates ( r ,  ) (Angle unit: Rad) r  2 A f 1 P L 3 T < θ  1.047197551 0 y •P ress 0 x to display the value of r , or 0 y to display the value of  . k Engineering Notation Calculations • Example 1: To convert 56,088 meters to kilometers → 56.088  10 [...]

E-26 • Example: To calculate σ n  1 , σ n , o , n , Σ x , and Σ x 2 for the following data : 55, 54, 51, 55, 53, 53, 54, 52 In the SD Mode: A B 1 (Scl) < (Stat clear) 55 S Each time you press S to register your input, the number of data input up to that point is indicated on the display ( n value). 54 S 51 S 55 S 53 S S 54 S 52 S Sample[...]

E-27 •Y ou can delete a data value displayed using [ and ] by pressing A U . Deleting a data value causes all values following it to be shifted up. •D ata values you register are normally stored in calculator memory . The message “Data Full” appears and you will not be able to input any more data if there is no memory left for data storage.[...]

E-28 r e Regression Calculations Use the F key to enter the REG Mode when you want to perform statistical calculations using regression. REG .......................................................................................... F F 2 •E ntering the REG Mode displays screens like the ones shown below . To r ecall this type of value: Perform th[...]

E-29 •T he values in the above tables can be used inside of expressions the same way you use variables. u Linear Regression •T he regression formula for linear regression is: y = A + B x . • Example: Atmospheric Pressure vs. T emperature Perform linear regression to determine the regression formula terms and correlation coefficient for the da[...]

E-30 In the REG Mode: 1 (Lin) A B 1 (Scl) < (Stat clear) 10 P 1003 S Each time you press S to register your input, the number of data input up to that point is indicated on the display ( n value). 15 P 1005 S 20 P 1010 S 25 P 101 1 S 30 P 1014 S Regression Coefficient A = 997.4 A X r r 1 < Regression Coefficient B = 0.56 A X r r 2 < Correl[...]

E-31 xi yi 29 1.6 50 23.5 74 38.0 103 46.4 118 48.0 u Quadratic Regression •T he regression formula for quadratic regression is: y = A + B x + C x 2 . • Example: Perform quadratic regression to determine the regression formula terms for the data nearby . Next, use the regression formula to estimate the values for n (estimated value of y ) for x[...]

E-32 u Correlation coefficient r u Regression coefficient A A = exp ( ) n Σ ln y – B . Σ x u Regression coefficient B B = n . Σ x 2 – ( Σ x ) 2 n . Σ x ln y – Σ x . Σ ln y r = { n . Σ x 2 – ( Σ x ) 2 }{ n . Σ ( ln y ) 2 – ( Σ ln y ) 2 } n . Σ x ln y – Σ x . Σ ln y u Correlation coefficient r u Regression coefficient A A = [...]

E-33 u Regression coefficient C u Regression coefficient A A = – B ( ) – C ( ) n Σ y n Σ x n Σ x 2 u Regression coefficient B B = (S xy . S x 2 x 2 – S x 2 y . S xx 2 ) ÷ {S xx . S x 2 x 2 – ( S xx 2 ) 2 } ( Σ x ) 2 ( Σ x . Σ x 2 ) C = S x 2 y . S xx – S xy . S xx 2 Sxx = Σ x 2 – , Sxy = Σ xy – Sxx 2 = Σ x 3 – , Sx 2 x 2 =[...]

E-34 COMP Differ ential Calculations The procedure described below obtains the derivative of a function. Use the F key to enter the COMP Mode when you want to perform a calculation involving differentials. C OMP ............................................................................................. F 1 •T hree inputs are required for the di[...]

E-35 Note! •Y ou can specify an integer in the range of 1 to 9 as the number of partitions, or you can skip input of the number of partitions entirely , if you want. •I nternal integration calculations may take considerable time to complete. •D isplay contents are cleared while an integration calculation is being performed internally . •T h[...]

E-36 Storing a Program Use the following procedure to specify the Edit Prog Mode and store a program in memory . Edit Prog ............................................................................. F F F 1 •E xample: To create a program that uses Heron’s formula to calculate the area of a triangle based on the lengths of its three sides Form[...]

E-37 •T o input a question mark (?) , right arrow ( → ), colon (:), or output command ( ^ ), press A ? , and then use number keys 1 through 4 to select the mark or command you want. See “Useful Program Commands” on page 40 for more information. 4. Press t F F F 2 to exit program input. u Program Storage Notes •U se the syntax below to pro[...]

E-38 capacity , you will need to free up more memory capacity by deleting programs or statistical data you no longer need. •S ee page 44 for information about how bytes are counted and how memory is shared by statistical data. k Editing a Program •W hile a program’s contents are on the display in the Edit Prog Mode, you can use e and r to mov[...]

E-39 3. Press < to resume program execution. u Program Execution Notes •P ressing < after program execution finishes causes the same program to be executed again. •Y ou can also run a program from the Run Prog screen by using number keys 1 through 4 to specify a program number (P1 through P4). Y ou can display the Run Prog screen by press[...]

E-40 Deleting a Program Use the following procedure to specify the Clear Prog Mode and delete a program from memory . Clear Prog .......................................................................... F F F 3 •Y ou can also enter the Clear Prog Mode by pressing [ while the Edit Prog screen is on the display . •Y ou can select programs indivi[...]

E-41 u Basic Commands 1 (?) .......... Operator input command 2 ( → ) ........ Assign to variable command 3 (:) ........... Multi-statement separator code 4 ( ^ ) ........ Output command u Conditional Jump Commands 1 ( S ) ........ Jump code (when condition is met) 2 ( = ) .......... Relational operator 3 ( G ) ......... Relational operator 4 ( &[...]

E-42 •E xample: Use Heron’ s formula to perform a series of calculations to determine the area of triangles for which the length of side A is fixed, and the lengths of sides B and C are variable. Program ? → A: Lbl 1: ? → B: ? → C: (A + B + C) ÷ 2 → D ^ D × (D – A) × (D – B) × (D – C): Ans ^ Goto 1 k Conditional Jump Using a R[...]

E-43 u Inputting Statistical Data If you select the SD Mode or REG Mode before specifying a program number (P1 through P4), you can input statistical data as part of your program. •I nput statistical data using the S key , just as you normally do (page 25). •I n addition to values, you can also input calculation expressions as data. •E xample[...]

E-44 Statistical Data Memory and Program Memory The following shows how the calculator uses memory for storage of statistical data and programs. Statistical Data Programs (a) Statistical data only (256 bytes) (b) Shared between statistical data and programs (360 bytes) (c) Shared between program management and statistical data (24 bytes) ← k Stat[...]

E-45 •T rying to input a data item that takes up more bytes than are currently available in memory area (b) causes the message “Data Full” to appear on the display . If this happens, you can press < 1 to select “EditOFF .” Though this will allow you to input more statistical data items (and free up memory area (b) for program storage),[...]

E-46 T echnical Infor mation k When you have a problem...... If calculation results are not what you expect or if an error occurs, perform the following steps. 1. Press A B 2 (Mode) < to initialize all modes and settings. 2. Check the formula you are working with to confirm it is correct. 3. Enter the correct mode and try performing the calculat[...]

E-47 •D ivide your calculation into two or more separate parts. Syntax ERROR •C a u se •A calculation formula or program formula contains an error . •T here is a colon (:) or output command ( ^ ) at the end of the program. •A c t i o n •P ress e or r to display the calculation with the cursor located at the location of the error and mak[...]

E-48 Angle unit conversions (DRG ' ) 3 Powers and roots: ^ ( x y ) , x 4 a b / c 5 Abbreviated multiplication format in front of π , e (natural logarithm base), memory name, or variable name: 2 π , 3 e , 5A, π A, etc. 6 T ype B functions: With these functions, the function key is pressed and then the value is entered. , 3 , log, In, e x , 1[...]

E-49 Numeric Stack Command Stack 1 2 3 4 5 2 3 4 5 4     1 2 3 4 5 6 7 • Example: 1 2 3 45 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 k Stacks This calculator uses memory areas, called “stacks,” to temporarily store values (numeric stack) and commands (command stack) according to their precedence during calculations. The numeric stack has 10 levels and the co[...]

E-50 k Input Ranges Internal digits: 12 Accuracy * : As a rule, accuracy is ± 1 at the 10th digit. Functions Input Range DEG 0   x   4.499999999  10 10 sin x RAD 0   x   785398163.3 GRA 0   x   4.999999999  10 10 DEG 0   x   4.500000008  10 10 cos x RAD 0   x   785398164.9 GRA 0 [...]

E-51 Functions Input Range x !0  x  69 ( x is an integer) n P r 0  n  1  10 10 , 0  r  n ( n , r are integers) 1  { n !/( n – r )!}  1  10 100 n C r 0  n  1  10 10 , 0  r  n ( n , r are integers) 1  [ n !/{ r !( n – r )!}]  1  10 100 Pol ( x , y )  x  ,  y   9.999999999  10[...]

E-52 *F o r a single calculation, calculation error is ± 1 at the 10th digit. (In the case of exponential display , calculation error is ± 1 at the last significant digit.) Errors are cumulative in the case of consecutive calculations, which can also cause them to become large. (This is also true of internal consecutive calculations that are perf[...]

E-53 •T o replace the battery 1 Remove the six screws that hold the back cover in place and then remove the back cover . 2 Remove the old battery . 3 Wipe off the sides of new battery with a dry , soft cloth. Load it into the unit with the positive k side facing up (so you can see it). 4 Replace the back cover and secure it in place with the six [...]

E-54 Auto Power Off Calculator power automatically turns of f if you do not perform any operation for about six minutes. When this happens, press 5 to turn power back on. Specifications Power Supply: fx-3950P: Single G13 T ype button battery (LR44) fx-3650P: Solar cell and a single G13 T ype button battery (LR44) Battery Life: fx-3950P: Approximate[...]

A-1 Practical Examples/Ejemplos prácticos k Program Library k Biblioteca de programas Problem: Quadratic Equation Create a program that solves the quadratic equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0 for x , when values are provided for a , b , and c . Problema: Ecuación cuadrática Crear un programa que resuelva la ecuación cuadrática ax 2 + bx + c = 0 para x[...]

A-2 Program Execution / Ejecución de programa Display / Presentación Operation / Operación > 1 (Example: Program P1) (Ejemplo: Programa P1) A? 2 < B? D 7 < C? 6 < X = 1.5 < (V alue appears in line 2 of display .) (El valor aparece en la línea 2 de la presentación.) X = 2 (V alue appears in line 2 of display .) (El valor aparece [...]

A-3 Problem: Solution of a T riangle when T wo Sides and Their Angle are Known Problema: Solución de un triángulo cuando se conocen dos lados y su ángulo. Create a program that calculates the remaining side and two angles of a triangle when the length of two sides ( a , b ) and the angle they form ( γ ) are known. Crear un programa que calcule [...]

A-4 Program Execution / Ejecución de programa Display / Presentación Operation / Operación > 2 (Example: Program P2) (Ejemplo: Programa P2) A? 32 < B? 41 < D? 65 I 41 I 23 I < 597.8321 153 (Area)/(Area) < 40.30827888 (Length of side c ) < (Longitud de lado c) 46.34318362 (Angle α )/(Angulo α ) A O 46 ° 20 ° 35.46 < 67.96[...]

SA0207-C Printed in China RCA 500003-001V01 CASIO COMPUTER CO. , L TD . 6-2, Hon-machi 1-chome Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8543, Japan[...]