Casio fx-82ES manuale d’uso

http://world.casio.com/edu/ RCA502136-001V01 E fx-82ES fx-83ES fx-85ES fx-300ES fx-350ES User's Guide A[...]

CASIO Europe GmbH Bornbarch 10, 22848 Norderstedt, Germany[...]

E-1 About this Manual • The MA TH mark indicates an example that uses Math f ormat, while the LINE mark indicates Linear format. For details about input/output f or mats, see “Specifying the Input/Output F ormat”. •K e ycap mar kings indicate what a ke y inputs or what function it performs. Example: 1 , 2 , + , - , ! , A , etc. •P ressing[...]

E-2 The cursor key is mark ed with four arro ws, indicating direction, as shown in the illustration nearby . In this User’s Guide, cursor ke y operation is indicated as f , c , d , and e . • The displays and illustr ations (such as key markings) shown in this User’ s Guide and the separate Appendix are for illustr ative purposes only , and ma[...]

E-3 Safety Precautions Be sure to read the f ollowing safety precautions bef ore using this calculator . K eep this manual handy for later ref erence. Caution This symbol is used to indicate inf or mation that can result in personal injury or mater ial damage if ignored. Battery •A fter removing the battery from the calculator, put it in a saf e [...]

E-4 Handling Precautions •B e sure to press the O ke y before using the calculator f or the first time. •E ven if the calculator is operating normally , replace the battery at least once every three years (LR44 (GP A76)), two year s (R03 (UM-4)), or one year (LR03 (AM4)). A dead battery can leak, causing damage to and malfunction of the calcula[...]

E-5 Befor e Using the Calculator k Removing the Har d Case Bef ore using the calculator, slide its hard case do wnwards to remov e it, and then affix the hard case to the bac k of the calculator as shown in the illustration below . k T urning P ower On and Off •P ress O to turn on the calculator. •P ress 1A (OFF) to turn off the calculator. k A[...]

E-6 k About the Display Y our calculator has a 31-dot × 96-dot LCD screen. Example: k Display Indicator s Sample Display: This Means this: indicator: The keypad has been shifted b y pressing the 1 ke y. The ke ypad will unshift and this indicator will disappear when you press a k ey . The alpha input mode has been entered by pressing the S ke y. T[...]

E-7 Important! •F or a very complex calculation or some other type of calculation that takes a long time to e xecute, the displa y ma y show only the abov e indicators (without any value) while it perf orms the calculation internally . Calculation Modes and Calculator Setup k Calculation Modes When you want to perf orm this type of Select this op[...]

E-8 •M ath format causes fractions, irrational n umbers, and other e xpressions to be displa yed as the y are written on paper. •L inear format causes fractions and other expressions to be display ed in a single line. Specifying the Default Angle Unit To specify this as the default P erf orm this key operation: angle unit: Degrees 1N 3 (Deg) Ra[...]

E-9 Specifying the Fraction Displa y Format To specify this fraction P erf orm this key operation: display format: Mixed 1N c 1 (ab/c) Improper 1N c 2 (d/c) Specifying the Statistical Displa y Format Use the f ollowing procedure to turn display of the frequency (FREQ) column of the ST A T Mode ST A T editor screen on or off . To specify this: P erf[...]

E-10 Inputting Expr essions and Va l ues k Inputting a Calculation Expression Using Standard Format Y our calculator lets you input calculation e xpressions just as they are written. Then simply press the = ke y to execute it. The calculator automatically judges the calculation priority sequence for addition, subtraction, m ultiplication, and divis[...]

E-11 Displa ying a Long Expression The displa y can show up to 14 characters at a time. Inputting the 15th character causes the e xpression to shift to the left. At this time, the ] indicator appears to the left of the e xpression, indicating that it runs off the left side of the screen. Input e xpression: 1111 + 2222 + 3333 + 444 Displa yed portio[...]

E-12 •W ith Math format, you can only use the insert mode. Pressing 1Y (INS) when the Math f or mat is selected does not switch to the overwrite mode . See “Incorporating a V alue into a Function” f or more information. • The calculator automatically changes to the insert mode whenever y ou change the input/output f ormat from Linear to Mat[...]

E-13 ddd Y s Ov erwrite Mode: c 60) dddd s Inserting Input into a Calculation Alwa ys use the insert mode for this operation. Use d or e to mov e the cursor to the location where you w ant to inser t new input, and then input what you w ant. k Displaying the Location of an Err or If an error message (lik e “Math ERROR” or “Syntax ERR OR”) a[...]

E-14 k Inputting with Math Format When inputting with Math format, you can input and displa y fractions and some functions using the same f or mat as they appear in y our te xtbook. Important! •C ertain types of expressions can cause the height of a calculation fo rm ula to be greater than one displa y line. The maximum allow able height of a cal[...]

E-15 e +1 Math Example 2: To input 1 + ' 2 + 3 MA TH 1+ ! 2 Math e +3 Math Example 3: To input (1 + ) 2 × 2 = MA TH (1+ ' 2 c 5 e ) Math w *2= •W hen you press = and obtain a calculation result using Math fo rm at, par t of the expression y ou input can be cut off as shown in the Example 3 screen shot. If you need to vie w the entire i[...]

E-16 The follo wing e xamples show the other functions that can be used in the abov e procedure, and the required ke y operations to use them. Original Expression: Function Ke y Operation Resulting Expression Fr action ' log(a,b) & Pow er Root 1 6 ( " ) Y ou can also incor porate v alues into the following functions. 1l ( $ ), 1i ( % [...]

E-17 Example 2: sin (60) = (Angle Unit: Deg) MA TH s 60= Math Example 3: sin –1 (0.5) = π (Angle Unit: Rad) MA TH 1 s (sin –1 ) 0.5= Math • The follo wing are the calculations for which ' fo rm (form that includes ' within irrational number display) results can be display ed. a. Arithmetic calculations of values with square root sy[...]

E-18 Example: The underlined areas in the abov e examples indicate what caused decimal f or m to be used. Reasons why the results of the e xamples are displayed in decimal form -V alue outside of the allowab le range -M ore than two ter ms in the calculation result • Calculation results display ed in ' fo rm are reduced to a common denominat[...]

E-19 Basic Calculations (COMP) This section e xplains how to perform arithmetic, fraction, percent, and sexagesimal calculations . All calculations in this section are perf ormed in the COMP Mode ( N 1 ). k Arithmetic Calculations Use the + , - , * , and / ke ys to perf or m arithmetic calculations. Example: 7 × 8 – 4 × 5 = 36 LINE 7*8-4*5= •[...]

E-20 Example: (2 + 3) × (4 – 1) = 15 LINE (2+3)* (4-1= k Fraction Calculations How y ou should input fractions depends on the input/output format that is currently selected. •U nder initial default settings , fractions are display ed as improper fractions. •F r action calculation results are always reduced bef ore being display ed. Appendix [...]

E-21 Switching between Fraction and Decimal Format • The f or mat of the fraction depends on the currently selected fraction display f ormat setting (improper fraction or mixed fraction). •Y ou cannot switch from decimal f ormat to mixed fraction f or mat if the total number of digits used in the mix ed fraction (including integer , numerator ,[...]

E-22 Sexa gesimal Calculations •P erforming the following types of se xagesimal calculations produces a se xagesimal result. -A ddition or subtraction of two se xagesimal values -M ultiplication or division of a sexagesimal v alue and a decimal value Appendix <#012> 2 ° 20´30˝ + 39´30˝ = 3 ° 00´00˝ Con verting V alues between Sexage[...]

E-23 Using Calculation History Memory and Replay (COMP) Calculation history memor y maintains a record of each calculation e xpression y ou input and e xecute, and its result. Y ou can use calculation history memor y in the COMP Mode ( N 1 ) only . Recalling Calculation History Memory Contents Press f to back-step through calculation history memory[...]

E-24 Using Calculator Memory Memory Name Description An sw er Memo ry Stores the last calculation result obtained. Independent Calculation results can be added to or subtracted Memory from independent memor y . The “M” display indicator indicates data in independent memory . Va r iables Six variab les named A, B, C, D , X, and Y can be used for[...]

E-25 Inputting Answer Memory Contents into an Expression Example: To perform the calculations shown below: LINE 123+456= 789- G = k Independent Memory (M) Y ou can add calculation results to or subtract results from independent memory . The “M” appears on the display when independent memory contains a value. Independent Memory Overview • The [...]

E-26 Calculation Examples Using Independent Memory • If the “M” indicator is on the displa y , perform the procedure under “Clearing Independent Memor y” before perf orming this example. Example: 23 + 9 = 32 23+9 m 53 – 6 = 47 53-6 m –) 45 × 2 = 90 45*2 1m (M–) 99 ÷ 3 = 33 99/3 m (T otal) 22 tm (M) Clearing Independent Memory Pres[...]

E-27 Function Calculations This section explains ho w to use the calculator’ s built-in functions. The functions av ailable to you depends on the calculation mode y ou are in. The e xplanations in this section are mainly about the functions that are av ailable in all calculation modes. All of the e xamples in this section sho w operation in the C[...]

E-28 k Con verting an Input V alue to the Calculator’ s Default Angle Unit After inputting a value , press 1G (DRG ' ) to displa y the angle unit specification menu shown belo w . Press the number ke y that corresponds to the angle unit of the input value . The calculator will automatically conv er t it to the calculator’ s default angle u[...]

E-29 k Po wer Functions and P ower Root Functions X 2 , X 3 , X –1 , X ^ , ' ' ' ' ' (, 3 ' ' ' ' ' (, ^ ' ' ' ' ' ( Appendix <#024> to <#028> k Rectangular-P olar Coor dinate Con version Rectangular Polar Coor dinates Coordinates (Rec) (P ol) •C oordinate co[...]

E-30 k Other Functions This section explains ho w to use the functions shown below . !, Abs(, Ran#, n P r , n C r , Rn d( F actorial (!) This function obtains the f actorials of a value that is zero or a positiv e integer . Appendix <#031> (5 + 3)! = 40320 Absolute V alue Calculation (Abs) When you are perf orming a real number calculation, t[...]

E-31 Display Digits Setting: F ix or Sci The value is rounded to the specified n umber of digits. Example: 200 ÷ 7 × 14 = 400 LINE 200/7*14= (Specifies three decimal places.) 1N 6 (Fix) 3 FIX (Calculation is perf ormed inter nally using 15 digits.) 200/7= FIX *14= FIX The f ollowing performs the same calculation with rounding. 200/7= FIX (Round t[...]

E-32 Tr a n sfor ming Displayed Va l ues Y ou can use the procedures in this section to transform a displa yed va lue to engineer ing notation, or to transform between standard f orm and decimal f or m. k Using Engineering Notation A simple ke y operation transforms a displa yed value to engineering notation. Appendix <#035> T r ansf orm the [...]

E-33 Examples of S-D T ransf ormation Note that S-D transf ormation can take some time to perform. Example: Fr action → Decimal MA TH ' 5 c 6= Math •E ach press of the f key toggles betw een the two forms. f f Appendix <#037> π F raction → Decimal <#038> ' → Decimal Statistical Calculation (ST A T) All calculations in[...]

E-34 k Inputting Sample Data Displa ying the ST A T Editor Screen The ST A T editor screen appears after you enter the ST A T Mode from another mode. Use the ST A T menu to select a statistical calculation type. T o display the ST A T editor screen from another ST A T Mode screen, press 1 1 (ST A T) 2 (Data). ST A T Editor Screen There are two ST A[...]

E-35 Example: To input the value 123.45 in cell X1 (Mov e the cursor to cell X1.) 123.45 S TAT = S TAT Registering a value causes the cursor to mov e down one cell. ST A T Editor Screen Input Precautions • The number of lines in ST A T editor screen (the number of sample data values y ou can input) depends on the type of statistical data y ou sel[...]

E-36 Inserting a Line (1) On the ST A T editor screen, move the cursor to the line that will be under the line you will insert. (2) Press 1 1 (ST A T) 3 (Edit). (3) Press 1 (Ins). Important! • Note that the inser t operation will not work if the maximum n umber of lines allowed f or the ST A T editor screen are already used. Deleting All ST A T E[...]

E-37 ST A T Menu Items Common Items Select this When you want to do this: menu item: 1 T ype Display the statistical calculation type selection screen 2 Data Display the ST A T editor screen 3 Edit Displa y the Edit sub-menu for editing ST A T editor screen contents 4 Sum Display the Sum sub-menu of commands f or calculating sums 5 Va r Displa y th[...]

E-38 V ar Sub-menu ( 1 1 (ST A T) 5 (V ar)) Select this When you want to obtain this: menu item: 1 n Number of samples 2 o Mean of the sample data 3 x σ n P opulation standard deviation 4 x σ n –1 Sample standard de viation MinMax Sub-menu ( 1 1 (ST A T) 6 (MinMax)) Select this When you want to obtain this: menu item: 1 minX Minimum value 2 max[...]

E-39 Sum Sub-menu ( 1 1 (ST A T) 4 (Sum)) Select this When you want to obtain this: menu item: 1 Σ x 2 Sum of squares of the X-data 2 Σ x Sum of the X-data 3 Σ y 2 Sum of squares of the Y -data 4 Σ y Sum of the Y -data 5 Σ xy Sum of products of the X-data and Y -data 6 Σ x 3 Sum of cubes of the X-data 7 Σ x 2 y Sum of (X-data squares × Y -d[...]

E-40 Appendix Linear Regression Calculation: <#047> to <#050> •E xamples <#048> through <#050> all use the data input in Example <#047>. *1 Estimated V alue ( y = –3 → m = ? ) *2 Estimated V alue ( x = 2 → n = ? ) Commands when Quadratic Regression Calculation (_+CX 2 ) Is Selected With quadratic regression, re[...]

E-41 Statistical Calculation Model Equation Calculation T ype Formula Logarithmic Regression y = A + B ln X <#055> (ln X) e Exponential Regression y = Ae BX <#056> ( e ^X) ab Exponential Regression y = AB X <#057> (A•B^X) Po wer Regression (A•X^B) y = AX B <#058> Inverse Reg ression (1/X) y = A + X B <#059> Appendi[...]

E-42 (1) Press N 3 (T ABLE). (2) Input the function. (3) After making sure the function is the way you want, press = . • This displa ys the star t value input screen. • If the initial value is not 1, press 1 to specify the initial start v alue f or this example . (4) After specifying the star t value, press = . • This displa ys the end value [...]

E-43 •O nly variable X can be used as the v ariable of a function. • The coordinate conv ersion (P ol, Rec) functions cannot be used f or a number table generation function. •N ote that the number table generation operation causes the contents of variable X to be changed. k Start, End, and Step V alue Rules • Linear format is alwa ys used f[...]

E-44 T echnical Infor mation k Calculation Priority Sequence The calculator performs calculations according to a calculation priority sequence. • Basically , calculations are performed from left to right. •E xpressions within parentheses have the highest priority . • The follo wing shows the priority sequence for each individual command. 1. F[...]

E-45 k Stack Limitations This calculator uses memory areas called stacks to temporarily store lower calculation priority sequence values, commands , and functions. The num er ic stack has 10 lev els and the command stack has 24 lev els, as shown in the illustration below . A Stack ERR OR occurs when the calculation you are perf orming causes the ca[...]

E-46 Functions Input Range tan x DEG Same as sin x , e xcept whe n  x  = (2 n –1)  90 . RAD Same as sin x , e xcept whe n  x  = (2 n –1)  π / 2 . GRA Same as sin x , e xcept when  x  = (2 n –1)  100 . sin – 1 x 0   x   1 cos – 1 x tan – 1 x 0   x   9.999999999  10 99 sinh x 0  ?[...]

E-47 •P recision is basically the same as that described under “Calculation Range and Precision”, above . •^ ( x y ), x ' y , 3 ' , x !, n P r , n C r type functions require consecutive internal calculation, which can cause accumulation of errors that occur with each calculation. •E rror is cumulative and tends to be large in th[...]

E-48 Insufficient MEM Error • Cause • There is not enough memory to perform your calculation. • Action •N arrow the table calculation range b y changing the Star t, End, and Step values , and try again. k Before assuming malfunction of the calculator ... Pe rform the following steps whene v er an error occurs during a calculation or when ca[...]

E-49 Important! •R emoving the b utton batter y from the calculator causes independent memory contents and values assigned to variables to be cleared. 1 Press 1A (OFF) to tur n off the calculator . •T o ensure that you do not accidentally turn on power while replacing the batter y , slide the hard case onto the front of the calculator . 2 On th[...]

E-50 1 Press 1A (OFF) to tur n off the calculator . 2 On the back of the calculator , remov e the screws and the bac k cover . 3 Remove the old battery . 4 Load a new battery into the calculator with its positive k and negativ e l ends facing correctly . 5 Replace the back cov er and secure it in place with its screws. 6 P erform the follo wing key[...]

E-51 Specifications fx-82ES/fx-83ES Po wer Requirements: AAA-size battery: R03 (UM-4) × 1 Battery Life: Appro ximately 6,000 hours (continuous operation) Approximately 17,000 hours (contin uous display of flashing cursor) Po wer Consumption: 0.0002 W Operating T emperature: 0 ° C to 40 ° C Dimensions: 13.7 (H) × 80 (W) × 161 (D) mm 9 / 16  [...]

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