Digi 9P 9360/9750 manuale d’uso

LxNETES™ User’s Guide ConnectCor e 9P 9360/9750[...]

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 Digi International Inc. 2005. All Rights Reserved. The Digi logo is a registered tradem arks of Digi International, Inc. All other tradem arks mentioned in t his document are t he property of their respective owners. Information in this document is subject to change without noti c e and does not represent a commitment on the part of Digi Intern[...]

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  5 ••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••••••••••••• •••••••••• •• Contents Chapter 1 Intro duction ................ ............. ............. .................... .......... [...]

6   LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide Manual Installation ................................................................................................ 27 Chapter 4 Buil ding the First Project ......... .............. ................... ....... 29 Building the Default Project .........................................................[...]

  7 Introduction ............................................................. ......................................... 44 U-Boot ...................................................................................................................44 ConnectCore 9P 9360/9750 .......................................................[...]

8   LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide LCD interface .................................................................................................. 62 Touch screen interface ..................................................................................... 62 CC9P9360/9750 ..........................................................[...]

  9 Introduction Intr oduction CHAPTER 1 Overview The LxNETES pac kage enables you to ea sily develop so ftware under Linux 2.6 f o r Digi Internati onal and FS Forth-S ysteme embedded modules supp orted in this release of LxNETE S. This docu ment assumes that y ou have basic knowledge of Linux. In additi on, it is recommended [...]

Overview 10  LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide Linux kernel sour c es The LxNETES package contains the complete source code of the Linux kern el. This allows you to con f igure, modify , and create a custom kernel to your spe cific embedded system’ s nee ds. Although the kerne l sources are the of ficial distri bution, some modificat [...]

 11 Introduction Featur es What’ s new i n LxNETES 3.2? Linux Kernel  Linux Kerne l 2.6.12.5  Added touch screen driver for the ConnectC ore 9P family  Adde d R TC dr iv er f or t he Con ne ctC o re 9P fa m ily  Build process based on autoc onf Bootloader  New U-Boot boo t loader , based on ver sion 1.1.3 T ool[...]

Features 12  LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide  Drivers for th e following module comp on ents and in terface s : – SDRAM memory – Flash memory –E t h e r n e t –U S B H o s t –S e r i a l –I 2 C –R T C –G P I O – W atchdog – LCD Framebuf fer – Compact Fla sh Cards –S D C a r d s –P C I –S P I – T ouch S[...]

 13 Introduction  Autoconf dr iven build process  All bui lding can be done without r oot access  This Lx N ETES ver sion can coexist wi th older install ations of LxNETES Conventions used in this manual The followi ng is a list of th e typographical con ventions used in this manual: This manual also uses these frames [...]

Features 14  LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide Acro nyms and abbrevi a ti ons # This is a target session # And this is what you must input (in bo ld) CGI Common Gateway Interface CRAMFS Compr essed RO M File system DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration P rotocol (RFC 2131) GDB GNU debugger GPIO General Purpose Input/ Output INITRD Initia l Ra[...]

 15 Requireme nts Requir ements CHAPTER 2 System Req uirements/Prer e quisite s System re quir e ments Y our development system sh ould be a reason ably fast x86- based h ost PC with an Ether net interface, a serial port, and a parallel port. Diff erent Linux d istributions such as SuSE, Debian, or RedHat can be used for the de[...]

System Requirements/Prerequisites 16  LxNETE S User’s Guide  DOS or D OS- emu l a tor (s uch a s do sem u) Optional but r ecommended c omponents:  Qt3 devel opment tools For using LxNETES, a recent Linux distributio n based on GN U C Library gl ibc versi on 2.3 (a free impl ementation of the Standard C Library) is neede[...]

 17 Requireme nts Applications & Services T o use this software, your system has to be confi gured to build a stand ard Linux 2.6. If you can bui ld a kernel for you r development platform, you can b e sure that all the necessary software is installed. Depending on the networ k services used during th e development, additio[...]

System Requirements/Prerequisites 18  LxNETE S User’s Guide NFS se rver Use the netw ork file system ( N FS ) to simpli fy appli cation d e buggin g on the target. NFS allows your t arget to mount i ts ro ot file syste m with read /write p e rmissions fro m th e host computer over Ethe rnet. NFS also allo ws you to access the[...]

 19 Requireme nts After modi fying the exports file, th e NFS server has to be restarte d with the follo w ing command: JT AG-Boo ster The JT AG-Booster software for h ardware Flash updates is a DOS application. It must be installed on a native DOS / W indows host or a virtual machine like "dosemu " under Linux. Execu[...]

System Requirements/Prerequisites 20  LxNETE S User’s Guide[...]

 21 Getting Started Getting S tarted CHAPTER 3 Intr oduction This chap ter describes how to conf igure and test you r host PC and development boar d (target) and how to start up the device for the v ery fi rst time. Connecting host PC with de velopment board S tep 1: Connect serial port Connect th e host PC to the develop ment [...]

Introduction 22  LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide T o use a terminal client as non-roo t user , either you need read / write access to /dev/tty S <n> or th e cl ient ha s to be set ui d root. Minicom T o configure minicom, start it as roo t by entering: Go to “Seri al port setup” and change the values to your en vironment. Fi[...]

 23 Getting Started Figure 3-2: Seyon Se ttings S tep 4: Connect power Connect th e included power suppl y to the development board. After power -on, the LEDs on the b oard wil l light up an d 2- 4 secon ds later th e system will print b oot m essages o n the console. After 20- 25 seconds, the bo ot loader has unpack ed and lau[...]

Introduction 24  LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide After Linux started successful ly , you can ent er commands such as "ls", " cd", or "cat"on the shell. S tep 5: T est Ethernet configuration The tar get uses a default I P address on the 192.168.4 2.x network. W e recommend config uring a network separ ate [...]

 25 Getting Started The tar get network para meters can be changed i n U-Boot using the "set env" command. Y ou can see the IP address of the t arget by issui n g this command: In this examp le, the target dev ice has been gi ven an IP addr ess o f 192.1 68.4 2.10. Y ou can test the pro per functioni ng of the networ [...]

Guided Installation 26  LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide Guided Installat ion After mounting the CD you are ready to run the i nstaller . Use the following c o mmands to start (depen ding on your distr ibution's mount point ): If the script d etects a Pe rl/Tk in sta ll ation , a gr a phical installer w ill start. If it does not d[...]

 27 Getting Started Manual Installation Instead of using the installa tion script you can do the instal lation man ually . Just copy the director y "LxNET E S" on the CDROM t o a directory on y our host P C.[...]

Manual Instal lation 28  LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide[...]

 29 Building the First Project Building the First Pr oject CHAPTER 4 Building th e Default Project Until now y ou hav e work ed with th e pre- loaded, de fa ult kern el image on the ta rget. The next step is to rebuild it on your dev el opm ent host PC to familiarize yourself with the build p rocess. S tep 1: Run configure Star[...]

Building the Defaul t Project 30  LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide  ConnectCo r e 9P 9750: cc9p9750dev Please chec k if the script used t he correct platform and detecte d the right directory to install t he kernel and the nfsr oot direc tory . If you u sed the suggested path s in the setup of the TFTPD and NFS server, t he output o[...]

 31 Application Developm ent Application Development CHAPTER 5 Wr iting ap plications The user applicatio ns are stored in subdi rectory a pps/ of the p roject fo lder . The temp late pro ject inc lu des seve ra l demo ap pl icatio n s for use a s te mplate s to begi n developi ng your own programs. They will automati cally bui[...]

Writing applications 32  LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide Using C++ A sample C++ applicati on “h ello_w orld ” is in cluded in “apps/mi sc/sr c/hello_world ” . Y ou can use this sample application as a t emplate t o develop your own C++ applicat ions. Just use add_ app as above and adap t the Makefil e.in accordin g to hello_wo[...]

 33 Application Developm ent T able 6-3: / proc/cpui nfo content s[...]

Debugging app lications 34  LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide Debugging applications The purpose of a debugg er i s to a llow you to see what i s going on hi s own pr ograms whi le they execute. For that purpose the GDB debugger is u sed by means of the gdbserver applica t ion that runs on the target side and communicat es with the host[...]

 35 Application Developm ent In the debu g interface type The support ed architectures can be displayed with the fol lowing command: Choose the right archi tecture for your targ et . T ype "c" for conti nue. Y ou can now debug you r application. Al ternative ly , you may try an ex ternal graphical debugg er like "[...]

Debugging app lications 36  LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide Included pre-built applications The sources f or the includ ed applications can be found in the soft ware folder on the LxNETE S CD. Shell applicat ions: busybox The “busybox” includes al l standard shell applica tions like “cat”, “ chmod”, “echo” , “mount?[...]

 37 Application Developm ent Nano-X/micr owindows Nano-X makes it possible to writ e appl i catio ns using the fr amebuf fer with an API similar to Xlib. There are two d emo applications. T o use either you must start with t he nano-X server . and then the ap plication. For further det ails see http: //www .microwindows.o rg/ E[...]

Useful applications 38  LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide Useful applications mem W ith this appli cation you can read and write t h e contents of the SDRAM. All the opti ons of this too l are accessible t hrough a command l ine. Just type an 'h' to li st all the availa bl e commands: # mem -> h c <add r> [<len>[...]

 39 Kernel Developme nt Kernel Development CHAPTER 6 W riting kernel modules What is a kernel module? Modul es are pieces of code th at can be l oaded an d unloa ded into the kernel up on dem and. They a re use ful because t hey extend the functiona lity of the ker nel without the ne e d to reboot the system. A typical ke rnel [...]

Writing kernel mod ules 40  LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide Add the modu le to the bu ild envir onme nt Y ou ha ve to edi t "my_kmodu le/Makefile .in" so t h at the build e nviron ment know s what f iles to build. T o incl u de them for the tar get build, append them to ob j-m like "obj -m += my_m odule.o" . The mo[...]

 41 Advanced Topics Advanced T opics CHAPTER 7 Modifyi ng the defau lt pr oject The follo wing info rmation is the def ault kern el conf igur ation for L xNET ES :  serial baud rate 38400 bps  Ethernet enab led  uses devfs p er default The def ault conf igurati on is made up of 2 l ayers:  Kernel comm a nd line pa r[...]

Modifying the d e fault project 42  LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide Once you have configured the ker nel to your system needs, save the conf iguration and exit. T o rebuild the kernel use one of the buil d commands seen before. $ make (to build the entire project) $ make uImage (to build only the linux kernel)[...]

 43 Advanced Topics Building a custom pr oject T o create a custom project, that is a p roject for your custom hardware, first configure the defaul t project . Foll ow the step s described in "Buildi ng the Defaul t Proj ect" up t o running configure. Then r un: In this examp le, Con nectCor e 9P 9360 de v module ( cc[...]

Boot pr oces s 44  LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide Boot pr ocess This chap ter descri bes the boot pr ocess of U-Boo t and Linux. Intr oduction A boot loader i s a small piece o f software that execut es soon after powe ring up a computer . On a desktop PC it resi des on the master boot r ecord (MBR) of the har d drive and is execut e[...]

 45 Advanced Topics ConnectCor e 9P 9360/9750 On the Connect Core 9P 9360 and Connec tCore 9P 9750 modules, t he SPI boot loader is loaded from the SPI EEPROM which initializes t he RAM. Then additional code (~1kB) is loaded into RAM (address 0x0). This code loads U-Boot from NAND flash and e x ecutes it. In the next step, U-Bo[...]

Linux boot metho ds 46  LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide Linux boot methods Linux is bo oted by U-Boot in one o f the f ollowing ways:  TFTP/NF S  Flash memory  USB storage device (e.g. an USB memory st ick) The following i nformation describes each boot method. TFTP /NF S W ith this method, the Linux kernel is down loaded thr[...]

 47 Advanced Topics NOR Flash Use the foll owing commands if you hav e NOR Flash (simi lar to boo ting from NAND). USB It is possibl e to load a kerne l image from a USB storage device. Copy the kernal to the F A T part ition o f the USB dev ic e. Copy th e kernal to the USB stick. The commands u pdate_kernel_usb and g uu are p[...]

Linux boot pr ocess 48  LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide Upda te the ken el from th e USB stick to the me mory a nd write it to flas h memory . Linux boot pr ocess The command “ bootm” uncompress the kernel and runs the f unction st art_kernel(). Once the kernel is started, several options are given to the kernel: machine ty pe, co[...]

 49 Advanced Topics Uncomp ressing Linux. ......... ......... ....... .......... ......... ....... ......... ......... . done, bo oting the kern el. Linux v ersion 2.6. 12.5-fs.1 (jdiets ch@onyx.f sforth.de) (gcc ver sion 3.4.4) #1 Mon Sep 19 17 :30:44 CEST 2005 CPU: A RM926EJ-S id(wb) [4 1069264 ] revision 4 (ARMv5 TEJ) CPU0: [...]

Linux boot pr ocess 50  LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide If a wrong comman d line paramete r for "console= " is used, nothi ng will be displ ayed after "done, booting the kernel". The syst em may continue to bo ot. Y ou may connect to the target by T elnet after telnetd is config u red . After fini sh ing the in iti[...]

 51 Advanced Topics Updating a running sy stem (the easy way) On a running system, that is a system able t o start the boot lo ader, U- Boot contains pre- defined macr os that can update t he on-module fl ash memory . Power up (o r reset) the target. Aft er 2-4 seconds, the boo t loader messages appear o n the serial por t. Hit[...]

Linux boot pr ocess 52  LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide S tep 1: Download the new image file to RAM The first step is to download the image into RAM. Speci fy the start address, the end address, and t he size of the image i n RAM, for example: S tep 2: Erase the Flash partition The second step is to erase the Flash partiti on sectors.[...]

 53 Advanced Topics For modules wi th NOR flash, use this comman d: ConnectCor e 9P 9360/9750 The followi ng commands are to upda te the U-Boot loader , Kernel image, and Root file system. U-Boot T o update the U-Boot boot lo ader, type: mw.l 10 0000 ffff fff f 10000 tftp 10 0000 <u-b oot _image > nand er ase 0 40000 nand[...]

Updating a corrupted syste m using a debugger 54  LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide Updating a corrupted syst em using a deb u gger ConnectCor e 9P 9360/9750 If the Flash memory has become corrupted and the system cannot boot anym ore, then the Flash memory must b e re-programmed using the JT AG i nterface and the JT AG-Booster . Connec[...]

 55 Root File Sy stem Types Root File System T ypes CHAPTER 8 The following de scri bes the dif ferent possibilities which can be used as root file system. The type of rootfs must be passed a s an ar gument to kernel by means of the bootar gs environment variable of U-Boot. NFSROOT The rootfs may be in a different co mputer on [...]

56  LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide This scrip t does three s teps (that you ca n also do manually): S tep 1: Set bootargs to be passed to the kernel The enviro nment al var i able boo targs must be u pdat ed t o te ll L i nux that t he roo tfs is taken via NFS. T o manually do t his enter the foll owing commands (it is supposed that [...]

 57 Root File Sy stem Types JFFS2 JFFS is a l og-structured journaling flash fi le system which was desig ned to be used on Flash d evices in embedded systems. It was ori ginall y develope d fo r the 2.0 k ernel b y Axis Communicati ons. JFFS2 is an imp roved ve rsion of JFFS which incl udes compressio n and improved r ead/writ[...]

58  LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide The message above i s printed if t h e file system was not cleanly unmou nted. The system should not be po wered o ff before all par titions are u nmoun ted. Aft er a clea n un mount, the message should disappear . S tep 1: Set bootargs to be passed to the kernel The enviro nment al var i able boo t[...]

 59 Root File Sy stem Types Y ou should use a separate data partition fo r your data which is frequently updated so your rootfs does not get corrupted.[...]

60  LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide[...]

 61 Interfaces & Devices Interfaces & Devices CHAPTER 9 The following i nterfaces and devic es are supported in the current LxNETES version: Refer to th e docu m e ntatio n that c ame with th e deve lo pment b oard for th e loca tion of the interfaces on the bo ard as well as any board configurati on required t o enable[...]

62  LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide USB host inte rface A USB host driver is includ ed and enabl ed i n the default kernel confi gur at ion. T o operate multiple U SB devices si multaneou sly , c onnect a USB hub to the USB host port. A memory stick can b e mounted as followed I2C int erface A driver for the I2C in t erface is include[...]

 63 Interfaces & Devices Compact f lash interface CC9P6360/9750 A driver for the internal Compact Flash (CF) card interface i s inc luded and enabl ed in the defaul t kernel configu r ation. A CF card can be mou nt ed as follows SD card interfac e A SD card can be mou nted as follows: Real ti me clock (R TC) A driver for th[...]

64  LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide The n ext step is to sto re this inf ormation into the R TC. Use the appl icati on hwcl ock: Now you can r eset or power of f your t arget. The small battery o n the devel opment boar d will keep the correct ti me/d ate valu es and are save d when you power up you r tar get again. PCI interface A dr[...]

 65 ••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••• • Appendix A Relate d documentation CD contents The CD contains a ll the necessary so ftware and documentat ion needed for LxNETES. Note: The folders &apos[...]

Related documentation 66  LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide There following fol ders are on the CD: Readme.txt Briefly d escribes LxNETES and lists the CD content s. RelNote s.txt Contains the last release information. install .sh A script to i nstall LxNETES on your h ost computer . For more i nformation see chapter 4 (install ation). [...]

 67 Connect Cor e 9P 9360 (CC9P9 360) Connect Cor e 9P 9750 (CC9P9 750) hardware This folder contains hardware sp ecific content. T he JT AG Boo s ter so ftware (if supporte d by th e target platfor m) is lo cated here, hardware reference manuals and (dep ending on yo ur target p latform) fi les for CPLD logic. Please refer to [...]

Memory layo uts 68  LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide upstream LxNETES is based on var ious open source projects. The original source code from these project s i s stored in t his folder . Th e following source code is include d: Linux Buildr oot U-Boot This folder co ntains the so urce code of U-Boot i ncluding a l l patches which are [...]

 69 ConnectCor e 9P 936 0 / Connect Core 9P 9750 RAM Start Address RAM End Address Description Used by 0x0000000 0 0x0008000 0 U-Boot sta ck U-Boot 0x0008000 0 TEXT_BASE 0x0008000 0 0x000C00 00 U-Boot 0x0010000 0 default load address in U- Boot for L i nux kernel Linux 0x0010800 0 ent ry poin t of th e decompressed kernel[...]

Memory layo uts 70  LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide[...]

 71 ••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••• • Appendix B U-Boot command r eference This chapter gives an overvie w of common used U-Boot commands. Detailed i nformation can be fo und at: http:/ /www [...]

U-Boot comman d reference 72  LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide # help # ? - alias for 'help' # autoscr - run script from memory # base - print or set address offset # bdinfo - print Board Info structure # boot - boot default, i.e., run 'bootcm d' # bootd - boot default, i.e., run 'bootcm d' # bootelf - Boo[...]

 73 Each of th ese commands has addi tional help av ai lable, which can be viewed by entering help <command>. The followi ng table explains some of the more of ten used co m mands: All nume ric val ues, which are needed for differ ent command s, are interpreted as HEX value s. Enteri ng 3010000 0 means 0x30 100000. T o sp[...]

U-Boot comman d reference 74  LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide Note that not all U-Boot commands ar e support ed by ever y plat fo rm . The followi ng ta ble shows which are av ai lable: fatload usb DEV:PA RT ADDR imag e loads image to ADDR from USB storage device DEV with the partiton number PART to ADDR help shows all of the availabl[...]

 75 The command “ run” allows to exe cute variables as sequence od commands. Here valu es of other variables could be used t o simplify the scripts. (e. g. $(filesize) ) Example ( A9M24x 0): The following va riables are available: ipaddr = 192.168.42.10 serverip = 192.16 8.42 .1 loadaddress = 0x30100000 bootfil e = uImage -[...]