Fluke 45 manuale d’uso

® 45 Dual Display Multimeter Users Manual PN 855981 January 198 9, Rev. 4, 7/97 © 1999 Fluke Corporation, All rights reserved. Printed in USA All product names a re trademarks of th eir r especti ve c omp anies.[...]

LIMITED WARRANTY & LI MITATION OF LIABI LI TY Each Fluke product is warranted to be free from defects in material and workmanship under normal use and service. The warranty period is one year and begins on the date of shipment. Parts, product repairs and services are warranted for 90 days . This warranty extends only to the original buyer or en[...]

Safety Cla ss This is an IEC safety class 1 (grounded enclosure) product. For safe ty, the ground wire in the line cord must be connected when operating from AC power. When operated from the optional battery pack, this p roduct meets the safety requirements for a safety class 2 ( reinforced insulation) product and does not require grounding for saf[...]

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i Table of Contents Chapter Tit le Page 1 Introduction ........................................................................................ 1-1 Introducing the Fluk e 45 Dual Display Multim eter ........................................... 1-1 Options and A ccessories ..............................................................................[...]

45 Users M anual ii Measuring Frequency......................................................................................... 3- 8 Frequency Rang ing ........................................................................................ 3-8 Frequency Mea surem ent Rates ...................................................................... 3-9[...]

Contents (c ontinued) iii Installi ng the I EEE-488 Interfac e .................................................................. 5-5 Enabling the I EEE-488 Interfa ce ................................................................... 5-5 Addressing the Meter..................................................................................... 5- 5[...]

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v List of Tables Table Tit le Page 1-1. Accessories ............................................................................................................. 1-2 3-2. Voltage Ranges a nd Full Sca le Values................................................................... 3- 6 3-3. Current Ranges and Full S cale Values .........................[...]

45 Users M anual vi 6-3. Perform ance Tests for mA Current Function s ....................................................... 6-7 6-4. Perform ance Tests for A Current Func tions........................................................... 6- 7 6-5. Replacem ent Parts ...................................................................................[...]

vii List of Figures Figure Title Page 2-1. Front Panel ............................................................................................................. 2-2 2-2. Rear Panel .............................................................................................................. 2-2 2-3. Adjusting Handl e............................[...]

1-1 Chapter 1 Introduction Introducing t he Fluke 45 Dual Dis pla y Multimeter Note This manual conta ins in formatio n and warnings that must be followed to ensure safe op eratio n and ret ain the me ter in saf e conditio n. W Warning To avoid electric shock or injury, read the "multimeter sa fety" sheet preceding Chapter 2 be fore using[...]

45 Users M anual 1-2 • 100,000, 30,000, and 3,000 se lectable count r esolution, w ith di splay read ing speed s of 2.5, 5, and 2 0 reading s per seco nd (rps), r espectiv ely. • Built-in sel f-t es ts with clos ed-c a se calibr at ion (no int ern al cal ibrat ion adju st men ts ). Optio ns and Accesso ries Two options are availa ble. These op [...]

Introduction Where to go from Her e 1 1-3 Chapter 2: Getting start ed Explains how to p repare the me ter for op eration an d get s tarted quic kly taking b asic measurem ents from the front pane l. Chapter 3: Operating the met er from the front panel Provides a co mplete des cription o f each oper ation tha t can be perf ormed u sing the pus h- bu[...]

45 Users M anual 1-4[...]

MULTIMETER SAF ETY The Fluke 45 Dual Display Multimeter has been designed and tested according to IEC Publication 348, Safety Requirements for Electronic Measuring Apparatus. This manual contains information and warnings which must be followed to ensure sa fe operation and retain the meter in safe condition. Use of this equipment in a manner not sp[...]

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2-1 Chapter 2 Getting Started Introduc tion Chapter 2 expl ains how to prepare the meter for operat ion, discus ses gene ral operati ng features, an d walks you through the basics of taking s ome com mon measure ments. Getting Sta rted Unpacking and I nspecting the Meter Carefully remo ve the me ter fr om it s shipp ing conta ine r and in spec t it[...]

45 Users M anual 2-2 mA Fuse Receptacle Primary Display Secondary Display Modifier Buttons Input Terminals Function Buttons Ranging Buttons Shift Key Reading Rate CAL ENABLE V 10A 100 mA 600V CA T I 1000V CA T I FUSE F1 500 mA F 250V POWER AUTO 2ND MN MX RA TE dB REL REF# LOCAL THRESH ADDR BAUD HOLD LO HI COMP A A V FREQ DUAL DISPLA Y MUL TIMETER 4[...]

Getting Sta r ted Turning th e Meter o n 2 2-3 3. Carrying Position 1. Viewing Position 2. Alternate Viewing Position 4. Removal Position (to Remove, Pull Ends Out) Pull End Out and Towards You. Then Slide to Left. aam03f.eps Figure 2-3. Adjust ing Handle If you hav e not alrea dy done so, plug the line c ord int o the con nector on th e rear of th[...]

45 Users M anual 2-4 POWER AUTO MN MX RA TE dB REL REF# LOCAL THRESH ADDR BAUD HOLD LO HI COMP A A V FREQ V REF -Press to T oggle In and Out of Decibels -Press to T oggle In and Out of Relative Mode FUNCTION BUTTONS: -Press to Select a Function FUNCTION MODIFIER BUTTONS -Press to Select T ouch Hold; -Press to Force Update; -Press and Hold Down for [...]

Getting Sta r ted Selectin g a Meas urement R ange 2 2-5 EXAMPLE: Press Z to select volts ac for the pr im ary disp lay, then press I to select the dec ibels mod ifier. • Press mu ltip le buttons s imultan eously. EXAMPLE: Press Z and Y si mu lt aneou sly to sel ect true rm s volts ac + volts dc (calculat ed) in the pri ma ry disp lay. For more d[...]

45 Users M anual 2-6 Measuring Voltage, Resistance, or Frequency To measure vo ltage, resistance, or frequency, p ress the de sired function bu tton and connect the test leads as shown in Fig ure 2-5 . The me ter will select the approp riate range in the au torange mod e, and an a nnunciator on the d isplay wil l indicate measu rement units. Note A[...]

Getting Sta r ted Taking So me Ba si c M ea sure ments 2 2-7 CAL ENABLE V 10A 100 mA 600V CAT I 1000V CAT I FUSE F1 500 mA F 250V POWER AUTO 2ND MN MX RA TE dB REL REF# LOCAL THRESH ADDR BAUD HOLD LO HI COMP A A V FREQ DUAL DISPLA Y MULTIMETER 45 V ! REF FUSED COM + - VOL T AGE SOURCE V FREQ V aam05f.eps Figure 2-5. M easuring Volt age, Resist ance[...]

45 Users M anual 2-8 CAL ENABLE V 10A 100 mA 600V CAT I 1000V CAT I FUSE F1 500 mA F 250V POWER AUTO 2ND MN MX RATE dB REL REF# LOCAL THRESH ADDR BAUD HOLD LO HI COMP A A V FREQ DUAL DISPLA Y MUL TIMETER 45 V ! REF FUSED COM + - TEST CIRCUIT Note: This is a Diode T est Function with a Continuity Beeper . aam07f.eps Figure 2-7. Contin uity Testing C[...]

Getting Sta r ted Operating t he Meter U nder Bat tery Power (Optional) 2 2-9 To perform a diode or t ransistor jun ction tes t, press G to se lect t he diode/con tinuity function . (Each pres s of G turns the con tinuity bee per on an d off.) Th en connect t he test leads across the diode as shown in F igure 2-8 . Noti ce how the test lead s are p[...]

45 Users M anual 2-10[...]

3-1 Chapter 3 Operating the Meter From the F ront Panel Introduc tion Chapter 3 expl ains how t o operate t he met er from the fro nt pane l. Refer to Chap ter 4 for informat ion conce rning spec ific ap plicatio ns. Chapte r 5 prov ides inst ruction s on how to operate the meter using the computer interface (RS-232 or IEEE-488). Front Pane l Opera[...]

45 Users M anual 3-2 Display The meter ha s a 5-dig it, vacuu m-fluo rescent, du al disp lay. This di splay shows m easure- ment readi ngs, annuncia tors, an d message s. The annuncia tors indic ate measu rement un its and the met ers operat ing configu ration. The dual displ ay allow s you to see two proper ties (e.g., volts ac and frequency ) of [...]

Operating the Meter From the Front Panel Display 3 3-3 REMOTE EXT TRG SMF MAX MIN dB HOLD REL AUTO mA mVDCAC Mk Hz UNCAL mA mV DC AC Hz Mk Remote State with or without Front Panel Lockout (REMS or RWLS)) External T rigger Enabled Reading Rate: Slow , Medium, Fast MIN MAX Modifier Decibels Modifier T ouch Hold Modifier Relative Modifier Autorange Co[...]

45 Users M anual 3-4 Neither function m odifiers (R EL, dB, HOLD, and MN MX ) nor the m anual range m ode can be selec ted in th e secondary displa y. Measu rement r anges in the seconda ry display are always se lected through aut oranging . Input Termina ls The input termina ls, shown in Figu re 3-4, are locat ed on the left of t he front pan el. [...]

Operating the Meter From the Front Panel Selectin g a Meas urement Fu nction 3 3-5 Table 3-1. Input Li mits FUNCTION INPUT TERMINALS MAXIMUM INPUT | V eG and COM 1000V dc { and FREQ V eG and COM 750V ac rms , 1000V peak , 2 x 10 7 V-Hz normal mode , or 1 x 10 6 V-Hz common mode (whichev er is les s) mA D and FREQ 100 mA and C OM 300 mA dc or ac rms[...]

45 Users M anual 3-6 CAL ENABLE V 10A 100 mA 600V CAT I 1000V CAT I FUSE F1 500 mA F 250V POWER AUTO 2ND MN MX RA TE dB REL REF# LOCAL THRESH ADDR BAUD HOLD LO HI COMP A A V FREQ DUAL DISPLA Y MULTIMETER 45 V ! REF FUSED COM A A V FREQ V FUNCTION BUTTONS: -Press to Select the Function Designated Amps AC Volts AC Frequency Resistance Diode Test/Cont[...]

Operating the Meter From the Front Panel Ranging 3 3-7 Table 3-3. Current R anges and Full S cale Value s Fast Reading Rate M edium Reading Rate Slow Reading Ra te Range Full Scale R ange Full Scale Range Full Sca le 30 mA 30.00 mA 30 mA 30.000 mA 10 mA 9.9999 mA 100 mA 100.0 mA 100 mA 100.00 mA 100 mA 99.999 mA 10 A 10.00 A* 10 A 10.000 A* 10 A 9 [...]

45 Users M anual 3-8 AUTO Press to Enter Manual Range and Up Range Press to Enter Manual Range and Down Range Press to T oggle In and Out of Manual Ranging. "AUTO" Annunciator T urns off when Manual Range Selected. CAL ENABLE V 10A 100 mA 600V CAT I 1000V CAT I FUSE F1 500 mA F 250V POWER AUTO 2ND MN MX RA TE dB REL REF# LOCAL THRESH ADDR[...]

Operating the Meter From the Front Panel Measuring F requenc y 3 3-9 Frequency Measurement Rates The rate at which frequency measu re men ts are tak en is a facto r of the frequen cy being measured ( see Table 3-6 ). When the frequen cy function has been sel ect ed, pressing R has no effe ct on th e frequency update rate. Table 3-6. Fre quency Meas[...]

45 Users M anual 3-10 Table 3-7. Maxi mum Sinew ave Inputs for Frequenc y Measurement s Range Maximim Input Volt age 300 mV 1 V rms 3 V 6 V rms 30 V 60 V rms 300 V 750 V rms 750 V 750 V rms The input s ignal sens itivity i s liste d under the fre quency speci fication s in Append ix A. These valu es are based on sine wavef orms. The s ignal le vel [...]

Operating the Meter From the Front Panel Selectin g A Fun ct ion Mo dif ier 3 3-11 CAL ENABLE V 10A 100 mA 600V CAT I 1000V CAT I FUSE F1 500 mA F 250V POWER AUTO 2ND MN MX RA TE dB REL REF# LOCAL THRESH ADDR BAUD HOLD LO HI COMP A A V FREQ DUAL DISPLA Y MULTIMETER 45 V ! REF FUSED COM MN MX dB REL HOLD -Press to T oggle In and Out of Relative Modi[...]

45 Users M anual 3-12 modifier is sel ec ted, the relat ive bas e is shown in the secondary displ ay. To turn off this feature, pr ess S and, wh ile holding it down, pres s K . dB (Decibels and Audio Power) Modifier The decibels modifier takes a vol tage measureme nt, conve rts it to dBm (measu re of decibels re lativ e to one mi lliwa tt), and dis[...]

Operating the Meter From the Front Panel Selectin g A Fun ct ion Mo dif ier 3 3-13 HOLD (Touch Hold) Modifier The Touch Hold modifier al lows you to take a me asurement and "ho ld" that measurem ent on th e display. Th is fea ture can be p articula rly advant ageous in difficu lt or hazardous ci rcumstanc es when you might w ant to keep y[...]

45 Users M anual 3-14 Hold, then c onverts th e measu rement t o decibe ls, then de termines if th e measu rement i s either a new mini mum or max imum va lue, and t hen subtrac ts the re lative bas e from the measurem ent. When usin g multip le mod ifiers, t he order in which modifie rs are selec ted is importa nt. For examp le, if K is pre ssed w[...]

Operating the Meter From the Front Panel Selectin g A Fun ct ion Mo dif ier 3 3-15 Table 3-10. S Button Operati ons Pushbuttons Operations S then Z Show volts ac read ing in sec ondary dis play S then Y Show volts dc read ing in sec ondary dis play S then D Show amperes ac readin g in sec ondary disp lay S then C Show amperes dc readin g in sec ond[...]

45 Users M anual 3-16 Using The Compa r e (Comp) Func tion The compa re function (COMP) provid es an easy way to dete rmine if a reading falls within a designa ted rang e of values. In the comp are mode, the me ter dis pla ys a read ing in the prima ry display a nd indicat es in th e secondary d isplay if that v alue i s lower (LO ) than, higher (H[...]

Operating the Meter From the Front Panel Using Th e Compare ( Comp) Fun ction 3 3-17 Using the List Editor Use the list edito r to se lect an opt ion fro m a list. T able 3-11 sum marizes the options available thro ugh the lis t ed itor. To use the list editor, proceed as fol lows : 1. Press S . 2. Press th e appropria te mod ifier button, as ind i[...]

45 Users M anual 3-18 Table 3-11. Opti ons Available Thro ugh List Editor To Set Pushbuttons Options Annunciator Touch Hol d Minimum Response Lev el S then H (THRESH) "1" (5 % o f range); "2" (7 % o f range); or "HOLD" "3" (8% of range) Decibel Ref erence Impedance i n Ohms S then I (REF e ) 2, 4,8,16, 50,75,[...]

Operating the Meter From the Front Panel Power-Up Configurat ion 3 3-19 The last n umber entere d (or, in REL, th e last measu red valu e) is show n with t he left most digit disp layed in normal int ensi ty and the r emain ing digits dim. (If the nu mber is negative, th e minus si gn is dim. ) Related ann unciators a re lit, and "EDIT" i[...]

45 Users M anual 3-20 Table 3-13. P ower-Up Configuration Set at Factory Parameter Configurations Function Setti ng DC volts Range Mode Autorange Reading Rate Medium (30, 000 counts @ 5 readin gs/sec ond) Touch Hold Sens itiv ity Level Level "2" (1 to 2 % of Range) Reference Impe dance (for dB) 600 ohms High/Low Valu es for Compar e (COMP[...]

4-1 Chapter 4 Applications Introduc tion Chapter 4 d iscusses so me app lications that wi ll help you use the me ter ef fective ly. These applicatio ns assu me you a re familia r with the ba sic opera tion of the mete r and have a basic unders tanding of electroni cs. A sophist icated unde rstand ing of elec trical c ircuits is not necessar y. Usin[...]

45 Users M anual 4-2 CAL ENABLE V 10A 100 mA 600V CAT I 1000V CAT I FUSE F1 500 mA F 250V POWER AUTO 2ND MN MX RA TE dB REL REF# LOCAL THRESH ADDR BAUD HOLD LO HI COMP A A V FREQ DUAL DISPLA Y MULTIMETER 45 V ! REF FUSED COM + - FREQ V 2ND AUTO VA C Hz M aam16f.eps Figure 4-1. Dual Di splay Showing V olts AC and Frequency Using Measurement Function[...]

Applications Using the D ual Disp lay 4 4-3 Table 4-1. Sample Dual Display A pplications Primary Display Secondary Display Applications Volts DC Volts AC • Monitor dc l evel and ac ripple of power sup ply Troubleshoot am plif ier circ uits Volts DC Cu rrent DC • C heck power s upply l oad regulati on • M onitor UUT curre nt draw and c ircuit [...]

45 Users M anual 4-4 CAL ENABLE V 10A 100 mA 600V CAT I 1000V CAT I FUSE F1 500 mA F 250V POWER AUTO 2ND MN MX RATE dB REL REF# LOCAL THRESH ADDR BAUD HOLD LO HI COMP A A V FREQ DUAL DISPLA Y MULTIMETER 45 V ! REF FUSED COM V A CIRCUIT 2ND LOAD aam17f.eps Figure 4-2 DC Voltage and D C Current Measur ement on Inp ut Signal The le ad from the interna[...]

Applications How the Meter Makes Dua l Display Measureme nts 4 4-5 level, range ty pe (autorange or manual range), the measurem ent rate (slow, m edium, or fast), and whether measurem ent types are mi xed or not. (Measurements are either ac- type [ac volts or amps] or dc- type [all others]). Typi cal response times for a singl e measurement are sho[...]

45 Users M anual 4-6 Table 4-2. Typic al Single Measur ement Response T imes (in Second s) Slow Rate Medium Rate Fast Rate Meas. Function Auto Range 1 Single Range 2 Auto Range 1 Single Range 2 Auto Range 1 Single Range 2 | 1.00 0.60 0.80 0.40 0.30 0.10 { 2.20 0.80 2.00 0.60 1.00 0.30 [ 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 ` 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.50 0.30 [...]

Applications Extern al Trig ger 4 4-7 Upda te Ra te in the Dua l Disp lay Mode The update rate is the tim e betwe en successiv e m easurem ents for a ste ady sta te signal. In the dual d isplay mode (when bo th the p rimary and seconda ry disp lays are on ), if th e measurem ent func tions or the ranges s elect ed for the p rim ary and seconda ry d[...]

45 Users M anual 4-8 Table 4-4. Typic al Measur ement Interv als (in Seconds) for Dual Disp lay Measurem ents All AC or All DC Type AC & DC Types Mixed Meas. Range Slow Med Fast Slow Med Fast V 300 mV 3V 30V 300V 1000V 0.70 0.70 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.50 0.50 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 1.10 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.00 0.90 0.80 0.90 0.80 0.80 0.[...]

Applications When M easuring R esistan ce 4 4-9 When Measu ring Resistan ce Two-Wire Configuration The m eter measur es resist ance in a two- wire con figuratio n using a resis tance rat io (som e- times ca lled ra tio- ohms) te chnique. Two- wire resi stance m easurem ents are s imple to set up and yield g ood results for m ost m easurement con di[...]

45 Users M anual 4-10 By contrast, many mete rs use av erage-re spondin g ac conve rters ra ther than true r ms converte rs. The s cale facto r in th ese mete rs is a djuste d so tha t they d isplay the rms va lue for a harmo nic-fr ee sine wave . However, if a signa l is not s inusoidal, av erage-re spondin g meters do no t disp lay correc t rms r[...]

Applications True RMS M easurem ents 4 4-11 DC AND AC TOT AL RMS TRUE RMS = 0.000 1.000 1.000 0.900 0.636 0.000 0.707 1.000 1.000 1.000 2D 0.000 1.000 AC-COUPLED INPUT W A VEFORM PK-PK PEAK VOL T AGES 0-PK METERED VOL T AGES AC COMPONENT ONL Y RMS CAL* FLUKE 45 DC COMPONENT ONL Y SINE PK 0 PK-PK 2.828 1.414 1.000 1.000 0.436 0.421 1.414 2.000 0.779[...]

45 Users M anual 4-12[...]

5-1 Chapter 5 Operating the Meter Using the Computer Interface Introduc tion The meter ca n be oper ated fro m a host (e.g., a ter minal, con troller, PC, o r compu ter) b y sending com mands to it through a compu ter in terface on the re ar pane l. Chapter 5 d escribes how to set u p, configure , and operat e the met er via the RS-232 or (optional[...]

45 Users M anual 5-2 To deter mine whi ch comput er inte rface is enabled, p ress in PO WER to turn t he met er on. Press S , th en press R . If "baud" an d a rat e are displ ayed, the R S-232 interfac e is enabled; if "IEEE" is display ed, the IEEE-4 88 int erface is enab led. Preparin g the M eter fo r Operatio ns via the RS-2[...]

Operating the Meter Using the Comp uter Interf ace Preparing the Met er for Operation s via the RS-232 Interfa ce 5 5-3 RS-232 Print- Only Mode The print-only mode i s intend ed to be used pr imarily in those ca ses where you wan t to send measur ement s taken by th e mete r to a p rinte r or term inal a utoma tically. While the meter w ill respond[...]

45 Users M anual 5-4 The mete r exit s the lis t edito r, return s to nor mal ope ratio n, and is conf igured for RS-232 print-only operations. Cablin g th e Me ter to a H ost or P rinter (RS -232 ) The meter co mmunica tes with a ho st thro ugh a DB-9 interfac e connec tor on th e rear panel of the mete r. A connec tor pinout f or the RS-2 32 in t[...]

Operating the Meter Using the Comp uter Interf ace Preparing the Met er to be Operated via IE EE-4 88 Inter fa c e 5 5-5 Prepa r ing the Meter to be Ope rated via IEEE- 4 88 Interfac e To turn th e m eter into a fully programm able el ement of a n autom ated tes ting sy stem, use the IEEE- 488 Interface op tion, a s described below. IEEE-488 Op era[...]

45 Users M anual 5-6 Cablin g th e Me ter to a Ho s t The m eter comm unicates wit h a host through an in terf ace connecto r on the rear pane l of the meter. First turn t he meter off, th en cable th e m eter to the ho st. Gett i ng Starte d With An Instal la tion Test After th e meter h as been c abled to a ho st and p repared to c ommun icate w [...]

Operating the Meter Using the Comp uter Interf ace How the Me ter Proces ses Inpu t 5 5-7 5. Verify that the m eter sends the following response FL UKE, 45, nnnnnnn, n. n Dn.n nnnnnnn is y our mete r ’ s serial number, n.n identifies the m ain software v ersion, and Dn.n identifies the displa y software version. If Te st F ails If the m eter does[...]

45 Users M anual 5-8 Enable Reg ister" late r in Chap ter 5) and the inpu t string is disc arded. I f, on the oth er hand, the inpu t buffe r becom es full when the IEEE-488 int erface is used, th e meter s tops accepting charact ers until there is room in the bu ffer. Charac ters in the input buffer cannot be ov er-w ritten with the I EEE-488[...]

Operating the Meter Using the Comp uter Interf ace How the Me ter Proces ses Inpu t 5 5-9 • RULE 2: READ QUERY RESPONSES BEFORE SEND ING ANOTHER COMMAND ST RING. Output data r emains av ailab le in the ou tput buf fer unti l it is r ead by th e host or unt il the next comm and string is r eceived by the m eter. Thi s means th e meters output buff[...]

45 Users M anual 5-10 In the following examples, <space> between commands is for readability only. However a <space> between a command and its argument is required. The PRINT command sends a terminator at the end of the string. PRINT @3, "*RST; VAC; FREQ 2; RANGE 4; TRIGGER 2; *TRG; VAL1?" IEEE-488 bus address Reset to power-u[...]

Operating the Meter Using the Comp uter Interf ace How the Me ter Proces ses Ou tput 5 5-11 How the Meter P roces ses Ou tput The follow ing parag raphs sum m arize how the m eter pro cesses output. The m eter outputs an alphanum eric string in respon se to a q uery comm and from the host. (Query comm ands are easily ident ified becau se they all e[...]

45 Users M anual 5-12 2. Press E and T s imultan eously . "tri" and a number co rrespon ding to the se lected tr igg er type ("1 ", "2 ", "3", "4 ", or "5" from Table 5- 3) are disp layed. Note If E is pressed before (ra the r than simultaneo usl y with) T , the meter will togg le from a u[...]

Operating the Meter Using the Comp uter Interf ace Service R equest s (IEEE-488 Only and Statu s Registers 5 5-13 A measurem ent is tr igg ered while th e input is g reater than +3 V. A m ethod fo r using DTR (pin 4) and an exte rnal switc h to t rigg er a measurem ent is sh own in Fig ure 5-2. • Send the I EEE-488 GET inter face m essage (I EEE-[...]

45 Users M anual 5-14 the bus responds to t he poll by sending the content s of its Status By te Register. If an instrument on the bus has made a serv ice request, the request serv ice bit (RQS, bit 6) of it s Status By te Register wi ll be set to 1, identify ing it as an i nstrument that requested serv ice. The contents o f the St atus Byt e Regis[...]

Operating the Meter Using the Comp uter Interf ace Service R equest s (IEEE-488 Only and Statu s Registers 5 5-15 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 & & & & & & & & Logical OR Standard Event Status Register Read Using *ESR? Standard Event Status Enable Register Read Using *ESE? Write to Using *ESE Power On User Request [...]

45 Users M anual 5-16 Event Status and Event Status Enable Registers The Event Statu s Reg ister (ESR) a ssigns spec ified events to s pecif ic bits (see F igure 5 -4 and Table 5-6). When a b it in the ESR is set (i.e., 1 ), the event that corre sponds t o that b it has occurred since the reg ister was l ast read or cleared. Fo r examp le, if bit 3[...]

Operating the Meter Using the Comp uter Interf ace Service R equest s (IEEE-488 Only and Statu s Registers 5 5-17 Table 5-6. De scription of Bits in ESR and ESE Bit No. Name True (Set to 1) Conditions 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Operation Com plete (OPC). Not used. Query Error (QYE). Device-Depende nt Error (DDE) Execution Error (EXE) Command Error (CM E) Not [...]

45 Users M anual 5-18 Table 5-7. De scription of Bits in the Status Byte Re gister* Bit No. Name True (Set to 1) Condition 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Not used. Not used. Not used. Not used. Message Av ailable (MAV) Event Status (ESB) Master Summ ary Status † (MSS) Not used. Always se t to 0 . Always se t to 0 . Always se t to 0 . Always se t to 0 . Data is [...]

Operating the Meter Using the Comp uter Interf ace Computer Interfa ce Com man d Set 5 5-19 6 will alway s be zero. ) Convert the return ed valu e to binary to dete rm ine the sta tus of re giste r bi ts. EXAMPLE EX PLANATION *SRE? Reads the valu e of the SR E Registe r. Assum e "32" is return ed. Converting 32 to the b inary 00100000 ind[...]

45 Users M anual 5-20 Table 5-8. IEEE- 488 Interface Fun ction Subset s SH1 Source Handshak e AH1 Acceptor Handshake T5 Talker L4 Listener SRI Service Request RL1 Remote/Local DC1 Device Clear* DT1 Device Trigger E1 Electrical i nterface ^C (CNTR L C) is the RS-23 2 equivale nt of DC 1, causing <CR><LF> an d a new prom pt to be o utput.[...]

Operating the Meter Using the Comp uter Interf ace Computer Interfa ce Com man d Set 5 5-21 Table 5-10. IEEE-488 Common Commands (cont) Command Name Description Sets the "Serv ice Reques t Enable R egister" t o <value>, an integer betw een 0 and 2 55. The v alue of bit six is ignored because it is not use d by the Serv ice Requ est [...]

45 Users M anual 5-22 Function Commands and Queries The comm ands in Tabl e 5-11 rela te to m easurem ent funct ions. See Table 5-13 for rang es and measurem ent rat es. Refe r to Chapter 3 for a d etailed d escrip tion of eac h function. Comm ands under Prim ary Display and Secondary Display cause functi ons to be perform ed on the pr imary displa[...]

Operating the Meter Using the Comp uter Interf ace Computer Interfa ce Com man d Set 5 5-23 Table 5-12. Functi on Modifier Co mmands and Querie s Command Description Meter enters decibels modifier. Any readin g shown in th e primary d isplay is in decibels. An Execution Err or is generat ed if th e meter is n ot in a volt s ac and/or dc functi on. [...]

45 Users M anual 5-24 Table 5-12. Functi on Modifier Co mmands and Querie s (cont.) Command Description MAXSET <numeric v alue> MIN MINSET <numeric v alue> MMCLR MOD? REL RELCLR RELSET <relative bas e> RELSET? Meter enters MN MX modifier with <num eric v alue> as the maximum value.<num eric value> can be a signe d inte[...]

Operating the Meter Using the Comp uter Interf ace Computer Interfa ce Com man d Set 5 5-25 Range and Measurement Rate Commands and Queries The comm ands in Tabl e 5-13 re late to r anging and measurem ent rates (i. e., read ings/ second). I n the auto range m ode, the m eter au tomatica lly se lects a r ange for each rea ding; in the m anual rang [...]

45 Users M anual 5-26 Table 5-13. R ange and Mea surement Rate Comma nds and Querie s (cont.) Command Description RANGE1? RANGE2? RATE <speed> RATE? Returns the r ange prese ntly selec ted on t he primary display. Returns the r ange prese ntly selec ted on t he second ary display. If the s econdary display is inactiv e, an Exec ution Error is[...]

Operating the Meter Using the Comp uter Interf ace Computer Interfa ce Com man d Set 5 5-27 Compare Commands and Queries The comm ands in Tabl e 5-15 cau se the m eter to determ ine whethe r a measur em ent is higher than, lower th an, or within a speci fied range. These com mands corre spond to the COMP, HI, and LO buttons on the fron t panel. Tab[...]

45 Users M anual 5-28 Misce llaneo us Com mand s and Que ries Miscellan eous comm ands and qu eries ar e summ arized in Table 5-17. Table 5-17. Mis cellaneou s Commands and Q ueries Command Description The RS-232 equiv alent of IEEE-48 8 DCL. Causes <CR><LF> a nd =><CR><LF> to be output. Set output <frm t> to "[...]

Operating the Meter Using the Comp uter Interf ace Computer Interfa ce Com man d Set 5 5-29 RS-232 Remote/Local Configurations The comm ands in Table 5-18 are used with the RS-232 interface to set up the Remote/ L ocal configuration of the meter. These comm ands are valid only when the RS- 232 interface is enabled. Table 5-18. R emote/Local Config [...]

45 Users M anual 5-30 Sample Pr ogr am Using the RS- 2 32 Computer Inte rface Figure 5- 5 is an annot ated BASI C A program, writt en for an IBM PC (or com patib le), that dem onstrates how the mete r can be u sed with the RS- 232 com puter inter face. aam23f.eps Figure 5-5. Sam ple Program for R S-232 Computer Interface[...]

Operating the Meter Using the Comp uter Interf ace Sample Pr ogram s Using the I EEE-4 88 Computer Interface 5 5-31 Sample Pr ogr ams Using the IEEE- 488 Compute r Interface Figure 5-6 i llustrat es three an notated GWBASIC p rograms, t hat demons trate how th e meter can be used with three different IEEE-488 Inte rface driver cards. aam24s.ti f Fi[...]

45 Users M anual 5-32 aam25s.ti f Figure 5-6. Sample Progra ms for IEEE-488 Comput er Interface (c ont.)[...]

Operating the Meter Using the Comp uter Interf ace Sample Pr ogram s Using the I EEE-4 88 Computer Interface 5 5-33 aam26s.ti f Figure 5-6. Sample Progra ms for IEEE-488 Comput er Interface (c ont.)[...]

45 Users M anual 5-34 aam27s.ti f Figure 5-6. Sample Progra ms for IEEE-488 Comput er Interface (c ont.)[...]

Operating the Meter Using the Comp uter Interf ace Sample Pr ogram s Using the I EEE-4 88 Computer Interface 5 5-35[...]

6-1 Chapter 6 Maintenance Note When servic ing the m eter, us e only t he replacemen t parts speci fied. Introduc tion Chapter 6 p rovides the in formatio n necess ary fo r the use r to perfo rm bas ic main tenance. Users shou ld not a ttemp t to pe rform maintena nce no t describ ed in th is chap ter. Q ualified service personnel s hould refe r to[...]

45 Users M anual 6-2 Current Input Fuses The 100 mA and 10 A in puts ar e protected by u ser-re placeab le fuse s. • The 100 mA in put is p rotected by a f use ra ted at F 500 mA, 250 V (Fas t blow), 1500 A minimu m breaking c apaci ty, IEC-127 Sh eet I. • The 10 A input is protec ted by a fuse rated at F 15 A, 250 V (Fas t blow), 1 0,000 A bre[...]

Maintenance Current Input Fuses 6 6-3 If the fuse is good, the meter will read betwe en .04 Ω and 1.0 Ω . If the fuse is blown, the meter w ill r ead >10 M Ω to OL. Replacing the 100 mA Input Fuse W Warn ing For protection against fire or arc flash, replace a blown fuse only with one of identical rating. The 100 m A input fuse is mo unted [...]

45 Users M anual 6-4 3. Carefully remo ve the fuse and rep lace it with one rated as listed abov e. 4. Reverse th e disa ssemb ly procedu re to rea ssemb le the meter. Self- Test Diagnos tics and Er ror Codes If the me ter fa ils th e self-t est diagnos tics p erformed at power -up, an erro r code i s displayed in the pr imary disp lay and "ER[...]

Maintenance Servi ce 6 6-5 4. The follow ing tests requir e a Fluke 5725A Amp lif ier (or equ ivalen t) to be used with the 5700A. The input leve l for the pe rfor mance test will be se t on the 5700A bu t will be output fro m the 5 725A Amplifi er. Connect a cable from the Output VA HI and LO conn ectors of the 5725A to th e l0A and COM connector [...]

45 Users M anual 6-6 Table 6-2. Perfor mance Tests for Vo lts, Diode Test, O hms, and Frequency, Funct ions (cont.) Display Function Range (Rate) Input Level Frequency Min Max Using decades of 3: 300 Ω 3 k Ω 30 k Ω 300 k Ω 3 M Ω 30 M Ω * 300 M Ω * Short 300 Ω short 3 k Ω 30 k Ω 300 k Ω 3 M Ω 30 M Ω 300 M Ω Using decades [...]

Maintenance Replaceme nt Part s 6 6-7 Table 6-3. Perfor mance Tests for mA Current Functions Display Function Range (Rate) Input Level Frequency Min Max [ (mA) (mA) 30 mA 100 mA 30 mA 100 mA +30 mA +100 mA 30 mA 100 mA — — 1 kHz 1 kHz 29.982 99.93 29.840 99.40 30.018 100.07 30.160 100.60 Table 6-4. Perfor mance Tests for A Current Functions D[...]

45 Users M anual 6-8 Table 6-5. Rep lacement Par ts (cont.) ITEM DESCRIPTION FLUKE PART NO. RS41 * TL20* TL70* TM1 TM2 TM3 TM4 TM5 Y8021 * Y8022* Y8023* RS-232 modem cable. Con nects Fluk e 45 to any modem. Industrial Tes t Leads (O ptional) Test Leads (St andard) User ’ s Manual (English) User ’ s Manual (German/Frenc h) User ’ s Manual (Jap[...]

Appendices Appendix Tit le Page A Specifi cations ...................................................................................................... A - 1 B ASCII/I EEE-488 Bus Codes ............................................................................... B-1 C IEEE-488.2 Dev ice Documentation Re quirem ents .............................[...]

45 Users M anual[...]

A-1 Appendix A Specifications Introduc tion Appendix A co ntains the sp ecif ications of the Fluke 45 Dual D isplay Multimeter. These spe cificatio ns ass ume: • A 1-y ear calibra tion cy cle • An operating tempera ture of 18 ° C to 28 ° C (64.4 ° F to 82.4 ° F) • Relativ e humidi ty not exceed ing 90 % (non-cond ensing) (70 % f or 1,000 [...]

45 Users M anual DC Voltage Resolution Accuracy Range Slow M edium Fast (6 Months) (1 Year) 300 mV 3 V 30 V 300 V 1000 V — — — — — 10 µ V 100 µ V 1 mV 10 mV 100 mV 100 µ V 1 mV 10 mV 100 mV 1 V 002 % + 2 0.02 % + 2 0.02 % + 2 0.02 % + 2 0.02 % + 2 0.025 % + 2 0.025 % + 2 0.025 % + 2 0.025 % + 2 0.025 % + 2 100 mV 1000 mV 10 V 100 V 100[...]

Appendices Specificati ons A A-3 Maximum Input 1000V dc or peak ac on any ra nge True RMS AC Volta ge, AC-Coupled Resolution Range Slow Medium Fast 300 mV 3 V 30 V 300 V 750 V 100 mV 1000 mV 10 V 100 V 750 V — — — — — 1 µ V 10 µ V 100 µ V 1 mV 10 mV 10 µ V 100 µ V 1 mV 10 mV 100 mV — — — — — 100 µ V 1 mV 10 mV 100 mV 1 V ?[...]

45 Users M anual Decibel Reference Resistance 8000 Ω 1200 Ω 1000 Ω 900 Ω 800 Ω 600 Ω * 500 Ω 300 Ω 250 Ω 150 Ω 135 Ω 125 Ω 124 Ω 110 Ω 93 Ω 75 Ω 50 Ω 16 Ω † 8 Ω † 4 Ω † 2 Ω † * Default resista nce † Reading d isplayed in watts (POWER) Input Im pedance 1 M e in para llel with <100 pF Maximum Cre[...]

Appendices Specificati ons A A-5 DC Current Resolution Range Slow M edium Fast Accuracy Burden Voltage 30 mA 100 mA 10 A 10 mA 100 mA 10 A — — — 100 nA 1 µ A 100 µ A 1 µ A 10 µ A 1 mA — — — 10 µ A 100 µ A 10 mA — — — 0.05 % + 3 0.05 % + 2 0.2 % + 5 0.05 % + 50.05 % + 5 0.2 % + 7 0.45 V 1.4 V 0.25 V 0.14 V 1.4 V 0.25 V * Typi[...]

45 Users M anual Accuracy Accuracy Range Frequency Slow Medium Fast mA (To 100 mA) mA (To 100 mA) mA (To 100 mA) A (1-10A) A (1-10A) A (0.5 to 1A) A (0.5 to 1A) 20-50 Hz 50 Hz-10 kH z 10 -20 kHz 20-50 Hz 50 Hz-2 kH z 20-50 Hz 50Hz-2 k Hz 2 % + 100 0.5 % + 100 2 % + 200 2 % + 100 1 % + 100 2 % + 300 1 % + 300 2 % + 10 0.5 % + 10 2 % + 20 2 % + 10 1 [...]

Appendices Specificati ons A A-7 Ohms Resolution Range Slow Medium Fast Accuracy Typical Full Scale Voltage Max Current Through the Unknown 300 Ω 3 k Ω 30 k Ω 300 k Ω 3 M Ω 30 M Ω 300 M Ω * 100 Ω 1000 Ω 10 k Ω 100 k Ω 1000 k Ω 10 M Ω 100 M Ω * — — — — — — — 1 m Ω 10 m Ω 100 m Ω 1 Ω 10 Ω 100 Ω 10[...]

45 Users M anual Open C ircui t Vo ltage 3.2 V maximu m Continuity Cap ture Time 50 us max imum, 1 0 us typica l Input Protection 500 volts dc o r rms ac Note When the m eter is se t to measu re frequenc y and the re is no inpu t signa l (i.e., inp ut term inals are ope n), the me ter may read ap proximately 25 kHz (rather than the exp ected zero )[...]

Appendices Specificati ons A A-9 Note When the m eter is se t to measu re frequenc y and the re is no inpu t signa l (i.e., th e input termina ls are open), the m eter may read ap proximat ely 25 kHz (rather t han zero ). This is due to interna l capac itive pic kup of the inverter powe r supply into th e high-imp edance, inpu t circ uitry. With so[...]

45 Users M anual General Common Mode Voltag e Size Weight Power Standards RS-232-C 1000 V dc or pe ak ac m aximum from any input to e arth 9.3 cm high, 21.6 cm wide, 28.6 c m deep (3. 67 in high,8 .5 in wid e, 11.27 in deep) Net, 2.4 kg (5.2 I bs) without b attery; 3.2 kg (7.0 Ibs ) with battery ; Shipping, 4.0 k g (8.7 Ibs ) without ba ttery; 4.8 [...]

B-1 Appendix B ASCII/IEEE-488 Bus Codes[...]

45 Users M anual[...]

Appendices ASCII/IEEE-488 Bus Codes B B-3[...]

[...]

C-1 Appendix C IEEE-488.2 Device Documentation Requirements Introduc tion Section 4.9 of the IEEE Standard 488.2-1 987 state s: "All devices s hall supply informat ion to th e user abou t how the d evice ha s implemen ted thi s standard. " (In thi s con text , "dev ice" means the Fluk e 45 Dual Displ ay M ultimet er.) The i nfor[...]

45 Users M anual The default me ter sett ing is: vol ts tic, au toranging , seconda ry display inactive. A different power-up con figura tion can b e set b y pressing S and E at the sa me time; the pr esent co nfigurati on of the met er then b ecomes the powe r-up configurat ion. A descriptio n of me ssage ex change option s: 5A. The size and behav[...]

Appendices IEEE-488.2 Device Doc umentation Re quirements C C-3 MEAS?, MEAS1?, MEAS2?, VAL?, VAL1?, and VAL2? re turn one o f two possible formats (set wi th the FORMAT command). In addi tion, the VAL?, a nd MEAS? queries w ill return two comma-sepa rated value s if both d isplays are in use: • Format 1: <NR3 NUMERIC RESPONSE DATA> • Form[...]

45 Users M anual 18. The size of th e resource description, if the *RDT command or *RDT? query are imple mented, Sec tions 10.30 and 10.31. The *RDT and *RAT? command s are not impl emented. 19. A descriptio n of the states affe cted by *RST (Sectio n 10.32), *LRN? (Sec tion 10.17 ), *RCL (Section 10.29 ), and *SAY (Se ction 10.33). *LRN.2, *RCL, a[...]