FOCUS Enhancements FS453 manuale d’uso

FS453/4 AND FS455/6 DATA SHEET: HARDWA RE REFERENCE FS453/4 and FS455/6 PC-to-TV Video Scan Converter FS453/4 and FS455/6 Data Sheet Guides To make specialized information easier to find, the FS453/4 and FS455/6 Data Sheet is organized into separate reference guides. Ea ch guide addresses a different purpose or user.  The FS453/4 and FS455/6 Pro[...]

FS453/4 AND FS455/6 DATA SHEET: HARDWA RE REFERENCE Table of Contents, Figures & Tables Document Overview 3 1. Introduction 4 1.1 General Descr iption .............................. 4 1.2 How does it work? ................................. 4 1.2.1 SDTV Output ............................... 4 1.2.2 HDTV Out put ............................... 4[...]

FS453/4 AND FS455/6 DATA SHEET: HARDWA RE REFERENCE Document Overview The Hardware Reference provides information needed to integrate the FS453 Video Processor into system hardware. The reference is divided into eight sections: 1. Introduction – explains the purpose and general flow of the FS453. Begins on page 4. 2. Architectural Overvi ew – d[...]

FS453/4 AND FS455/6 DATA SHEET: HARDWA RE REFERENCE 1. Introduction 1.1 General Description The FS453 PC to TV Video Scan Converter provi des broadcast-quality scan conversion for graphics cards, motherboard chip sets, video game consoles, consumer electronics and other PC-to-TV applications. Compatible with most graphics contro ller chips (GCC), t[...]

FS453/4 AND FS455/6 DATA SHEET: HARDWA RE REFERENCE JANUA RY, 2005, VERSION 3.0 5 COPYRIGHT © 2003-4 FOCUS ENHA NCEMENTS, INC. FOCUS Enhancements Semiconductor 2. Architectural Overview The FS453 has the following major sections: • Inputs P[23:0] • Programmable Color Space Converter • Patented 2D (Horizontal and Vertical) Scaling • Patente[...]

FS453/4 AND FS455/6 DATA SHEET: HA RDWARE REFERENCE JANUA RY, 2005, VERSION 3.0 6 COPYRIGHT © 2003-4 FOCUS ENHA NCEMENTS, INC. FOCUS Enhancements Semiconductor 2.1.1 Input to Output Conversion Matrix Table 1 below lists some commonly used input m odes and the correspondingly supported output modes. SDTV input dimensions are completely configurable[...]

FS453/4 AND FS455/6 DATA SHEET: HA RDWARE REFERENCE JANUA RY, 2005, VERSION 3.0 7 COPYRIGHT © 2003-4 FOCUS ENHA NCEMENTS, INC. FOCUS Enhancements Semiconductor 2.4 Patented 2D Flicker Filter The Patented 2D Flicker Filter receives video lines from the 2D Scaler and performs vertical filtering to reduce or eliminate perceived flicker that is an art[...]

FS453/4 AND FS455/6 DATA SHEET: HARDWA RE REFERENCE is used to achieve the finest clock resolution, using a dithered clock. In PLL mode, the NCO is bypassed and the clock is not dithered. The NCO can be used when HTOTAL and VTOTAL values have additional constraints that prevent sele ction of values that are factors of the TV pixel rate. 2.12 Serial[...]

FS453/4 AND FS455/6 DATA SHEET: HARDWA RE REFERENCE 3. Technical Highlights Creating clear, broadcast quality television video from high resolution computer graphics is a complex process. PC-to-TV Video Scan C onverters have to surmount many technical obstacles. The most challenging of these are scaling, flicker reduction, and encoding. 3.1 Scaling[...]

FS453/4 AND FS455/6 DATA SHEET: HARDWA RE REFERENCE 3.2 Flicker Reduction Computer images are displayed progressively. That is, for a given frame of video, each line of video is scanned onto the monitor sequentially. SDTV images, how ever, are interlaced. Each SDTV frame of video is broken into two fields (one composed of odd lines and the other of[...]

FS453/4 AND FS455/6 DATA SHEET: HARDWA RE REFERENCE 3.3 Video Encoding Unlike component video formats (PC and HDTV) that process the color information separately to avoid interference, broadcast SDTV combi nes all picture information into a single, composite signal. SDTV standards have been strictly defined to protect video quality and to allow tel[...]

FS453/4 AND FS455/6 DATA SHEET: HARDWA RE REFERENCE 4. Scaling and Positioning Notes The FS453 graphics converter does not use a frame me mory. Therefore, the FS453 input video frame rate must be synchronous to and match the output video field or frame rate. In SDTV modes, the FS453 uses internal line memories in or der to perform horizontal and ve[...]

FS453/4 AND FS455/6 DATA SHEET: HARDWA RE REFERENCE 4.2 Horizontal Scaling While vertical scaling is linked to the VTOTAL rati o, horizontal scaling is arbitrary and not linked to HTOTAL at all. The horizontal scaler is simply programmed with the ratio desired between TV_HACTIVE and GCC_HACTIVE. (See Figure 6 below.) Like vert ical scaling, TV_HACT[...]

FS453/4 AND FS455/6 DATA SHEET: HARDWA RE REFERENCE 5. Pin Assignments Figure 7: PQFP Pin Diagram Pin Name Pin Name Pin Name Pin Name 1. VDD_DAD 21. VSS_18 41. VSS_18 61. VDD_OSC 2. GPIO3 22. VSS_33 42. VSS_33 62. XTAL_OUT 3. GPIO2 23. P14/V656_2 43. VSS_18 63. XTAL_IN 4. VSS_18 24. P15/V656_3 44. SDATA 64. VSS_OSC 5. P0 25. P16/V656_4 45. SCLK 65.[...]

FS453/4 AND FS455/6 DATA SHEET: HARDWA RE REFERENCE A13 A12 A11 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 XTAL_OUT VSS_OSC DAC_D DAC_A DAC_B DAC_C VSS_DA VBIAS VSS_DA VSS_DAD B13 B12 B11 B10 B9 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 VDD_18 VDD_OSC XTAL_IN VSS_DA VDD_DA VDD_DA VDD_DA VDD_DA COMP FS_ADJ VDD_DAD C13 C12 C2 C1 VSS_PA VDD_PA GPIO2 GPIO3 D13 D12 D2 D1 CLKOUT VDD_[...]

FS453/4 AND FS455/6 DATA SHEET: HARDWA RE REFERENCE 5.1 FS453 ⇔ GCC Pin Mapping Table 3 below maps the FS453 pins to the host GCC controller chip. FBGA Pin # PQFP Pin # FS453 Pin Name AMD Alchemy Pin Name Freescale Dragonball Pin Name Intel DVO Pin Name Intel XScale Pin Name VIA Pin Name D13 56 CLKOUT GPIO EXTAL16M TVCLKIN TVCLK E13 54 CLKIN_P LC[...]

FS453/4 AND FS455/6 DATA SHEET: HARDWA RE REFERENCE 5.2 Pin Descriptions Pin Name FBGA Pin Number PQFP Pin Number Type/Value Pin Function Description Clocks CLKOUT D13 56 GTL/LVCMOS output Pixel Clock Output. Clock to Graphics Control Chip (GCC) clock input. Synthesized from XTAL_IN. 0.78125 to 150 MHz range. Supports 1.5 to 3.3 volt CMOS or GTL. C[...]

FS453/4 AND FS455/6 DATA SHEET: HARDWA RE REFERENCE JANUA RY, 2005, VERSION 3.0 18 COPYRIGHT © 2003-4 FOCUS ENHA NCEMENTS, INC. FOCUS Enhancements Semiconductor Pin Name FBGA Pin Number PQFP Pin Number Type/Value Pin Function Description BLANK M11 38 GTL/TTL input Digital BLANK VGA input. True outside of GCC active area. Connects to GCC blank pin [...]

FS453/4 AND FS455/6 DATA SHEET: HARDWA RE REFERENCE Pin Name FBGA Pin Number PQFP Pin Number Type/Value Pin Function Description Video Outputs DAC_A A8 68 analog video Video output. As programmed by the DAC_CNTL (9Eh) register. DAC_B A7 70 analog video Video output. As programmed by the DAC_CNTL (9Eh) register. DAC_C A6 72 analog video Video output[...]

FS453/4 AND FS455/6 DATA SHEET: HARDWA RE REFERENCE Pin Name FBGA Pin Number PQFP Pin Number Type/Value Pin Function Description Pow er and Ground VDD_PA C12 59 +3.3 V CLKOUT Phase-locked loop Pow er . Filtered 3.3 volt power for CLKOUT phase locked loop. VDD_OSC B11 61 +3.3 V TV Crystal Oscillator Powe r . Filtered 3.3 volt power for XTAL oscillat[...]

FS453/4 AND FS455/6 DATA SHEET: HARDWA RE REFERENCE 6. Control Register Function Map Table 5 below lists the Control Register functions and register numbers. For more information about the Control Registers, please consult the FS453/4 and FS455/6 Softw are / Firmw are Reference . 6.1 Register Reference Table The General Function labels of the FS453[...]

FS453/4 AND FS455/6 DATA SHEET: HARDWA RE REFERENCE JANUA RY, 2005, VERSION 3.0 22 COPYRIGHT © 2003-4 FOCUS ENHA NCEMENTS, INC. FOCUS Enhancements Semiconductor General Function Name Offset Default Value SDTV Output MISC_47 47h 00h SDTV Output HSYNC_WID 48h 7Eh SDTV Output BURST_WID 49h 44h SDTV Output BPORCH 4Ah 76h SDTV Output CB_BURST 4Bh 3Bh S[...]

FS453/4 AND FS455/6 DATA SHEET: HARDWA RE REFERENCE JANUA RY, 2005, VERSION 3.0 23 COPYRIGHT © 2003-4 FOCUS ENHA NCEMENTS, INC. FOCUS Enhancements Semiconductor General Function Name Offset Default Value Color Matrix RED_MTX A2h 0000h Color Matrix GRN_MTX A4h 0000h Color Matrix BLU_MTX A6h 0000h Color Matrix RED_SCL A8h 0000h Color Matrix GRN_SCL [...]

FS453/4 AND FS455/6 DATA SHEET: HARDWA RE REFERENCE 7. Specifications 7.1 Absolute Maximum and Recommended Ratings (Beyond which the device may be damaged) (a) Parameter Min Rec. Max Unit Pow er Supply Voltages V DD-33 (Measured to VSS_33) -0.3 3.0-3.6 3.8 V V DD-18 (Measured to VSS_18) -0.3 1.62-1.95 2.4 V V DD-DAD (Measured to VSS_DAD) -0.3 3.0-3[...]

FS453/4 AND FS455/6 DATA SHEET: HARDWA RE REFERENCE 7.2 Electrical Characteristics Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit Pow er Supply Currents I DD-18 1.8 volt Digital current Core clk =50MHz 75 mA I DD-DA 3.3 volt DAC current R L =37.5 Ω x 4 150 200 mA I DD-DA 3.3 volt DAC current R L =37.5 Ω x 4, DAC Low Power On 110 mA I DD-OSC 3.3 volt Cry[...]

FS453/4 AND FS455/6 DATA SHEET: HARDWA RE REFERENCE Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit Scalable LVTTL (1.5 to 3.3V) Outputs I OH (3.3V) Output Current, Logic HIGH -12.0 mA I OL (3.3V) Output Current, Logic LOW 12.0 mA V OH (3.3V) Output Voltage, HIGH I OH = -12mA 2.4 V V OL (3.3V) Output Voltage, LOW I OL = 12mA 0.4 V I OH (2.5V) Output Current,[...]

FS453/4 AND FS455/6 DATA SHEET: HARDWA RE REFERENCE 7.3 Switching Characteristics Parameter Conditions Min Typ (b) Max Unit Clocks f CKIN TV Encoder Reference Clock Frequency 27.0 MHz f XTOL TV Reference Clock Frequency Tolerance 30 50 (c) ppm t PWHT TV Reference Clock Pulse Width, HIGH 15.0 ns t PWLT TV Reference Clock Pulse Width, LOW 15.0 ns f C[...]

FS453/4 AND FS455/6 DATA SHEET: HARDWA RE REFERENCE 8. Mechanical Dimensions 8.1 80-Lead PQFP Package Symbol Tols. Leads Millimeters A MAX. 2.35 A1 0.25 MAX. A2 +.10 / -.05 2.00 D +/- .25 17.20 D 1 +/- .10 14.00 E +/- .25 17.20 E1 +/- .10 14.00 e BASIC .65 L + .15 / -.10 .88 b +/- .05 .30 α 0º – 7º ddd .12 NOM. ccc MAX. .10 Notes: 1. All dim[...]

FS453/4 AND FS455/6 DATA SHEET: HARDWA RE REFERENCE 8.2 88-Lead FBGA Package Figure 10 FBGA Package Outline & Dimensions JANUA RY, 2005, VERSION 3.0 29 COPYRIGHT © 2003-4 FOCUS ENHA NCEMENTS, INC. FOCUS Enhancements Semiconductor[...]

FS453/4 AND FS455/6 DATA SHEET: HARDWA RE REFERENCE 9. Component Placement This section gives guidelines for the placement and layout of components a ssociated with the FS453. A printed circuit board (PCB) with a minimum of four layers is recommended for all designs utilizing the FS453. We recommend that layers 1 (top) and 4 (bo ttom) are used for [...]

FS453/4 AND FS455/6 DATA SHEET: HARDWA RE REFERENCE Figure 11: Recommended Pow er Filter Netw orks 9.1.2 Ground Connect the analog and digital grounds of the FS453 to separate ground planes. This will insure that electrical noise from the digital ground does not pollute the analog ground. Connect these two planes with either a ferrite bead or a ver[...]

FS453/4 AND FS455/6 DATA SHEET: HARDWA RE REFERENCE 9.2.2 Video Inputs The digital pixel data and the pixel clock of t he FS453 may toggle at speeds up to 150 MHz (depending on input mode). It is critical that the traces used for these signals be k ept as short as possible. They should be isolated from the analog outputs and analog circuitry. The s[...]

FS453/4 AND FS455/6 DATA SHEET: HARDWA RE REFERENCE 9.3.1.2 Suggested Output Filter Netw ork Figure 12 below shows the suggested output filter net work for the FS453. Note that SDTV and HDTV use different values. Figure 12: Recommended Output Filter JANUA RY, 2005, VERSION 3.0 33 COPYRIGHT © 2003-4 FOCUS ENHA NCEMENTS, INC. FOCUS Enhancements Semi[...]

FS453/4 AND FS455/6 DATA SHEET: HARDWA RE REFERENCE The recommended network shown in Figure 12 on page 33 will deliver robust video quality. It incorporates a source-terminating 75 Ohm resist or and a filter tuned for 37.5 Ohm impedance (assuming a matching 75 Ohm terminating resistor at the l oad). Table 10 below shows the correct component values[...]

FS453/4 AND FS455/6 DATA SHEET: HARDWA RE REFERENCE graphics controller’s digital video data. The timing of t he variable pixel clock is critical; any disturbances to this signal will translate directly into noise on the video output. The best method to stabilize the variable pixel clock si gnal is to source terminate the signal with a load that [...]

FS453/4 AND FS455/6 DATA SHEET: HARDWA RE REFERENCE 9.4.3.1 Pseudo-master Mode In Pseudo-master Mode shown below, the FS453 has comp lete control of the gr aphics system clock, but relinquishes the video sync signals to the GCC. The GCC provides the FS453 with a complete complement of digital video signals at t he rate of the FS453 clock (CLKOUT). [...]

FS453/4 AND FS455/6 DATA SHEET: HARDWA RE REFERENCE 9.5 EMI Case Study The following notes are from an engineer's experiences passing a new board through EMI testing. 1) You may need to analyze your board trace c haracteristic impedance, and adjust the optimal termination. If you can slowdown the edges without disturbing your timing, you can e[...]

FS453/4 AND FS455/6 DATA SHEET: HARDWA RE REFERENCE 9.6 Solder Re-flow Profiles The following figures provide solder re-flow prof iles for the PQFP and FBGA packages with lead and lead-free solder options. 6°C/sec max. Max. 235 + 5, -0 °C 10sec +/-3sec 20~60se c (Over 200°C) 3°C/sec Max. 140~16 0°C 60~120sec 3°C/sec Max. Max . 240° C Coo lin[...]

FS453/4 AND FS455/6 DATA SHEET: HARDWA RE REFERENCE 6°C/sec max. Max. 22 0 +5, -0 °C 10sec ±3sec 60~150s ec (Over 183°C) 3°C/sec Max. 140~16 0°C 60~120s ec 3°C/sec Max. Max . 225° C Cooli ng d ow n(F) Re-fl ow peak(E) Maint ain (D) Heat-up(C) Pre- heat(B) Heat-up(A) Peak T em p. IR Re- flow Profile for Pre-c ondition ing 100 200 300 °C B C[...]

FS453/4 AND FS455/6 DATA SHEET: HARDWA RE REFERENCE 10. Revision History August 30, 2002: Release V1.1. Data Sheet reorganiz ed into separate reference guides. The new Data Sheet package consists of a Produc t Brief, Hardware Reference, So ftware/Firmware Reference, and a Physical (Layout) Reference. January 13, 2003: Release V2.0. Expanded Introdu[...]

FS453/4 AND FS455/6 DATA SHEET: HARDWA RE REFERENCE 11. Order Information Order Number Temperature Range Screening Package Product 444-2133 0°C to 70°C Commercial 80 Lead PQFP FS453, Tape & Reel 444-2134 0°C to 70°C Commercial 80 Lead PQFP FS454, Tape & Reel 444-2137 0°C to 70°C Commercial 88 Lead FBGA FS455, Tape & Reel 444-2138 [...]