Garmin GPS 155XL manuale d’uso

GPS 155XL Pilot’s Guide and Reference 155xlb manual 1/12/99 4:05 PM Page i[...]

155xlb manual 1/12/99 4:05 PM Page ii[...]

i INTRODUC TION Forewor d This manual is written for software version 2.04 or above, and is not suitable for earlier software versions. © 1999 GARMIN Corporation GARMIN International, Inc., 1200 East 151st Street, Olathe, Kansas 66062 USA T el: 913-397-8200 Fax: 913-397-8282 GARMIN (Eur ope) L TD, Unit 5, The Quadrangle, Abbey Park, Romsey , Hamps[...]

C AUTION The Global Positioning System is operated by the United States government, which is solely responsible for its accuracy and maintenance. The system is subject to changes which could affect the accuracy and performance of all GPS equipment. Although the GARMIN GPS 155XL is a precision electr onic NA Vigation AID (NA V AID), any NA V AID can[...]

Accessories & P acking List Congratulations on choosing the finest, most advanced panel mount IFR GPS receiver available. The GPS 155XL repr esents GARMIN’ s commitment to provide an accurate, easy-to-use GPS for all of your aviation needs. Before installing and getting started with your unit, please check to see that your package includes th[...]

INTRODUC TION W arranty T o obtain warranty service, see your local dealer or call the GARMIN Customer Service department for a r eturned mer chandise tracking number . The unit should be secur ely packaged with the tracking number clearly marked on the outside of the package, and sent fr eight pr epaid and insured to a GARMIN authorized warranty s[...]

P AR T ONE: INTRODUCTION Forewor d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .i Cautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ii Accessories/Packing List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .i[...]

INTRODUC TION T able of Contents Appendix A: NavData ® and User Data Card Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108 Appendix B: Installation and Maintenance of the GPS 155XL . . . . . . .110 Appendix C: Simulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111 Appendix D: GPS 155XL Messages and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . .[...]

K ey and Knob Functions B The power/intensity knob controls unit power and display intensity . b The zoom-in key is used to zoom in to the next smaller scale setting when viewing the map page. a The zoom-out key allows you to zoom out to the next lar ger scale setting when viewing the map page. T The nearest key is used to obtain information on the[...]

M The message key is used to view system messages and to alert you to important warnings and requirements. This key is also used to access the GPS 155XL ’ s unit settings. See Section 6 for more information on messages and unit settings. D The direct-to key performs an instant direct-to, allows you to enter a waypoint, and sets a direct course to[...]

The GARMIN GPS 155XL is a powerful navigational tool that pr ovides pilots with accurate navigational data, including non-pr ecision appr oaches, SIDs and ST ARs. The T akeoff T our is designed to familiarize you with the operation of the GPS 155XL, including powering up the unit, entering data and performing a simple dir ect-to, and pr ovide a lim[...]

The satellite status page shows the ID numbers for the satellites and the r elative signal str ength of each satellite r eceived. T urn the K knob to view additional satellites. T AKEOFF T OUR Acquiring Satellites ‘Search Sky’ indicates that satellite almanac data is not available or has expir ed (if the unit hasn’ t been used for six months [...]

After the GPS 155XL acquires satellites and computes a position, the position page will appear automatically , and you’ll be informed with ‘Ready for navigation’ on the message page. The position page displays your present latitude and longitude, altitude and a refer- ence waypoint field. The altitude and reference waypoint fields ar e also s[...]

The NA V summary page without a direct-to destination or active route appears blank, except for ground speed (GS) and track (TRK) figur es, if displayed. When a destination is selected, the dir ect-to confirmation page appears to verify the destination you selected. The GPS 155XL uses direct point-to-point navigation to guide you fr om takeoff to t[...]

In addition to the destination field and graphical CDI, the GPS 155XL NA V summa- ry page features five selectable fields for various navigation data so that the page may be configured to your own prefer ences (see Section 1 for more information). The default settings for the NA V summar y page are: • Distance (dis)— The distance to your destin[...]

The map display may be oriented along your ground track (track up), course (desir ed track up) or fixed at north up. Desir ed track up or north up settings show your pr esent position with a dia- mond symbol instead of the airplane symbol. T AKEOFF T OUR Map Page Distance and bearing to waypoint, destination waypoint name and desir ed track ar e sh[...]

The map display has 14 available scales from 0.5 to 300 (nautical miles, statute miles or kilometers) representing the vertical height of the map. The map scale is contr olled by the a and b keys, with the current scale displayed in the lower right corner . T o select a map scale: 1. Press a to increase the map scale and show a larger area (or turn[...]

The GPS 155XL ’ s T key provides the nine near est airports, VORs, NDBs, inter- sections, user waypoints and any SUA (special use airspace) alerts, as well as the two closest FSS (Flight Service Station) and center (AR TCC) frequencies for your present position. The nearest waypoint feature is a handy safety featur e that may be used to execute a[...]

T o select a nearest waypoint as a direct-to destination : 1. Press the D key . The direct-to confirmation page for the selected waypoint will appear . 2. Press E to confirm. Congratulations! Y ou’ve covered the basic operation of the GPS 155XL. W e encourage you to experiment with your new GPS receiver to get to know all the advanced navigation [...]

Remember! The NA V pages will only display infor- mation AFTER the position and navigational infor- mation has been calculated from the satellites. If you ar e on the position page befor e the unit has calculat- ed a position, you will be able to enter an approxi- mate position and altitude. This is helpful in speeding satellite acquisition if the [...]

The GPS 155XL ’ s NA V summary page pr ovides you with the important informa- tion needed to navigate directly to your destination. The destination field, located at the bottom left of the page, displays the current destination waypoint or active r oute leg being navigated. If no direct-to destination, r oute or approach is being navigated, the d[...]

SEC TION 1 NA V KEY Configuring the NA V Summar y Page The following functions may be displayed in the distance field: • dis— Distance from pr esent position to the ‘active to’ waypoint. • str— Steer direction and distance, or digital cr osstrack error . An ‘L ’ or ‘R’ indicates which direction to steer , while the distance valu[...]

T o change any of the selectable fields on the NA V summary page: 1. Press C to activate the cursor . 2. Rotate O to highlight the field you would like to change. 3. Rotate K to change the field to display the desired information. 4. Rotate O to highlight another field, or C to finish. The GPS 155XL ’ s course select feature allows the pilot to d[...]

The next page available from the GPS 155XL ’ s N key is the map page . The map page displays your present position, using an airplane symbol (in track up mode) or a position diamond (in other orientation modes), along with nearby airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections, user waypoints and airspace boundaries. Note : If the GPS 155XL is unable to dete[...]

15 SEC TION 1 T o select a map scale: 1. Press a to increase the map scale and show a larger area (or turn K to the right). 2. Press b to decrease the map scale and show a smaller area (or turn K to the left). An autozoom feature is available which will automatically adjust fr om an en route scale of 300 through each lower scale, stopping at a scal[...]

16 SEC TION 1 The next page available from the GPS 155XL ’ s N key is the navigation communi- cations (NA VCOM) page . The NA VCOM page provides a list of the airport frequencies at your departure and arrival airports, allowing convenient selection of frequencies you’ll need along your flight path. T o scr oll through the list of fr equencies, [...]

Once you begin viewing restrictions, you can view any additional frequencies for the selected airport by rotating K . (Note: An arrow pr ompt displayed next to the air- port identifier indicates additional frequencies are available.) Y ou can also view the other airport information pages by rotating O . Information contained on these pages is cover[...]

18 SEC TION 1 T o change the altitude field: 1. Press C to obtain a cursor . 2. Rotate O until the ‘alt/esa/msa’ field is highlighted. 3. Rotate K to display the desired data. Press C to return to normal navigation. The position page also features a r eference waypoint field , located at the bottom of the page, to indicate your bearing and dist[...]

The GPS 155XL ’ s satellite status page pr ovides satellite information to monitor GPS coverage and receiver performance. This is helpful when you may be experienc- ing low signal levels due to poor coverage or installation problems. T o view the satellite status page: 1. Press N and rotate O until the satellite status page appears. The top lines[...]

20 SEC TION 1 T o change the DOP/EPE field: 1. Press N and rotate O to display the satellite status page. 2. If the desired field (EPE or DOP) is not displayed, press C . 3. Use K to change between ‘epe’ and ‘dop’. Press C to finish. The receiver status field , located on the second line (left side) of the page, will display the following m[...]

21 SEC TION 1 Viewing individual satellite information. NA V KEY Satellite Data Page The third and fourth lines of the satellite status page pr ovide the satellite number and signal strength of each satellite in view . The satellite status page shows signal strength for up to eight satellites at a time. If additional satellites are being r eceived [...]

In addition to the five other navigation pages, the GPS 155XL features two menu pages to perform a host of planning and navigation functions. NA V Menu 1 pr ovides access to the following functions: • T rip Planning • Density altitude/true airspeed calc. • Fuel Planning • Winds aloft calculations • VNA V Planning • Checklists T o displa[...]

23 SEC TION 1 The density altitude/true airspeed function is also accessed fr om NA V Menu 1. Density altitude is the theoretical altitude at which your air craft will perform depending on several envir onmental conditions, including air pressur e and total air temperature (the temperature including the heating ef fect of speed, read on a standard [...]

24 SEC TION 1 T o per form fuel planning operations: 1. Press N and rotate O until NA V Menu 1 is displayed. 2. Press C and rotate O until ‘Fuel Plan?’ is highlighted. Press E . 3. Rotate K to select either ‘wpt’ for direct navigation or the desired route number . Press E . 4. For waypoint-waypoint navigation, use K and O to enter the ‘to[...]

25 SEC TION 1 Winds aloft page NA V KEY Winds Aloft & VNA V Functions V ertical navigation page The GPS 155XL ’ s winds aloft function is used to calculate the true direction and speed of any winds, and indicates whether you are flying with a head wind or tail wind, and the wind speed. T o calculate winds aloft: 1. Press N and rotate O until [...]

Y ou will now notice that the vertical speed has been calculated, based on your present speed. If you desire a mor e rapid climb or descent rate: 8. Use K and O to enter the new desired vertical speed, or press E to accept the calculated value. 9. Press E to activate the vertical navigation function. If you enter a value greater than the value comp[...]

27 SEC TION 1 T o execute a checklist: 1. Press N and rotate O until NA V Menu 1 is displayed. 2. Press C and rotate O until ‘Chklist?’ is highlighted. Press E . 3. Use O to highlight the checklist you would like to see. Press E . 4. Press E to check off list items. T o delete a checklist item or an entire checklist: 1. T o delete a checklist i[...]

28 SEC TION 1 When the countdown timer reaches zer o, you will be informed with a ‘T imer expired’ message. The timer will then begin to count up, displaying the time since it expired. The timer runs, if not altered, whenever the GPS 155XL is turned on. The GPS 155XL clock function keeps track of both UTC time (Greenwich Mean T ime or Zulu T im[...]

29 SEC TION 1 Enter the location, time and date for RAIM pr e- diction. NA V KEY RAIM Prediction RAIM available for the enter ed time, date and waypoint location. The RAIM Prediction function allows you to confirm that GPS coverage is available for your current location or at a specified waypoint any day of the year . R eceiver A utonomous I ntegri[...]

30 SEC TION 1 The scheduler function will display r eminder messages (such as ‘Change oil’, ‘Switch fuel tanks’, ‘Overhaul’, etc) after a specified time has elapsed. For example, if you enter ‘Change oil’ to be displayed in 30 hours, the message ‘Change oil’ will be displayed after the GPS 155XL has been running in Normal mode f[...]

31 SEC TION 1 Sunrise/sunset planning page showing UTC (Zulu) sunrise and sunset times for ‘KROG’. NA V KEY Sunrise/Sunset Calculations The GPS 155XL ’ s sunrise/sunset planning function allows you to calculate the time of sunrise or sunset at any waypoint or your present position for a specified date. T o calculate sunrise and sunset times a[...]

Section 2 W aypoint and Database Information The GPS 155XL uses a Jeppesen NavData® card to pr ovide position and facility information for thousands of airports, VORs, NDBs and intersections. Each facility in the database is stored as a waypoint with its own latitude/longitude, identifier (up to five let- ters and/or numbers), and other pertinent [...]

33 SEC TION 2 The waypoint menu page allows you to select the desir ed waypoint type (or category). WP T KEY W aypoint Categories & Menu Page The airport position page shows the position, field elevation and available fuel types for the selected airport. The GPS 155XL organizes waypoints into one of five waypoint categories for your convenience[...]

34 SEC TION 2 After a waypoint category is selected, information for a waypoint may be viewed by entering the identifier or name of the desired waypoint. Airports, VORs and NDBs may be entered by either the identifier , name or the location (city) of the facility . Intersections and user waypoints must be entered by the identifier . T o enter a way[...]

Once a waypoint category and identifier have been selected, the GPS 155XL will provide extensive information thr ough a set of waypoint pages for the selected cate- gory . The pages available for each waypoint category are presented here in the or der they appear on the waypoint menu page: airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections and user waypoints. Air[...]

The GPS 155XL features six airport pages: airport identification— allows entry of desired airport by identifier , facility name or city; displays region and/or country of facility . airport position— allows entry of desired airport by identifier; displays latitude, longitude and elevation; indicates usage and fuel availability; displays availab[...]

37 SEC TION 2 WP T KEY Airpor t Position Page 1 2 3 6 5 4 The airport position page displays the latitude, longitude and elevation of the selected airport, as well as usage or fuel availability , available approaches and airport control/radar capability . The following descriptions and abbreviations are used on the airport position page: Elevation?[...]

The airport procedur es page displays all the available approaches, SIDs and ST ARs at any selected airport in the database, without placing a specific approach, SID or ST AR in the active r oute. This allows the pilot to quickly scan the pr ocedures of any nearby airport in case of an emergency or help plan futur e flights. Y ou may view the avail[...]

Airport communications page for KCL T . Fr equency page with sector r estrictions. The airport communication page displays the radio frequencies and usage for the selected airport, as well as sector and altitude restrictions. T o view the communication page from any of the airport information pages: 1. Rotate O with the cursor removed to display th[...]

T o view additional runways, rotate the K knob in the dir ection of the arr ow pr ompts. Airport runway page for KICT . WP T KEY Airpor t Runway Page SEC TION 2 40 The airport runway page displays runway designations, length, surface and lighting for the selected airport, as well as ILS/localizer and/or pilot-controlled lighting frequencies. T o vi[...]

WP T KEY VOR Infor mation SEC TION 2 VOR position page showing co-located T ACAN facility and weather broadcast. VOR identification page 41 VOR Information The GPS 155XL features three VOR waypoint pages: VOR identification— allows entry of desired VOR by identifier , facility name or city; displays region and/or country of facility . VOR positio[...]

NDB comments page NDB identification page SEC TION 2 WP T KEY NDB Infor mation 42 NDB Information The GPS 155XL also uses identification, position and comments pages for NDB information. The NDB waypoint pages are used in the same manner as VOR pages: NDB information is accessed by entering the desired facility’ s identifier , city or name (see p[...]

WP T KEY Intersection Infor mation SEC TION 2 Intersection comments page 43 Intersection Information The last database waypoint category available is intersections. T wo intersection pages are available: intersection position and intersection comments. Intersections may be entered by identifier only (not city or name) on either intersection page. T[...]

User waypoint comments page User waypoint page WP T KEY User W aypoints SEC TION 2 44 User W aypoint Information In addition to the airport, VOR, NDB and intersection waypoints contained in your NavData® car d, the GPS 155XL allows you to store up to 1,000 user -defined way- points. Once a user waypoint is cr eated, two user waypoint pages will di[...]

SEC TION 2 WP T KEY Creating User W aypoints Selecting a method to enter a new user waypoint. Entering the user waypoint’ s exact position. 45 If the waypoint identifier entered does not exist, you will be pr ompted to select a method to enter the new waypoint’ s position into memor y . If the waypoint exists (i.e., you’re just reviewing or e[...]

WP T KEY Reference W aypoints SEC TION 2 Cr eating a user waypoint by r efer encing another waypoint. T o create a user waypoint fr om your present posi- tion, leave the r efer ence waypoint field blank and enter a bearing and distance from your pr esent position. The GPS 155XL will calculate the new waypoint’ s coordinates automatically . 46 T o[...]

WP T KEY Creating W aypoints with AutoStore SEC TION 2 AutoStor e waypoint with default name. The default waypoint name may be changed befor e saving the waypoint. 47 The GPS 155XL ’ s AutoStore TM function provides another method of creating user waypoints. AutoStore is used to instantly capture your pr esent position as a user way- point with a[...]

WP T KEY Proximity W aypoints SEC TION 2 Proximity waypoints page Proximity alarm message. Pr essing N will display the position page with the bearing and distance from the pr oximity waypoint indicated on the bottom line. 48 The second page available from the GPS 155XL ’ s W key is the proximity waypoints page . This page allows you to define an[...]

WP T KEY User W aypoint List SEC TION 2 User waypoint list showing the curr ent active-to waypoint and a proximity waypoint. Renaming a user waypoint. 49 The third page available fr om the GPS 155XL ’ s W key is the user waypoint list , which can be used to quickly scan, review , rename or delete user waypoints. T o display the user waypoint list[...]

WP T KEY W aypoint Comments SEC TION 2 Entering waypoint comments W aypoints with comments page 50 The last page available through the GPS 155XL ’ s W key is the waypoints with comments page , which lists all waypoints that have a user comment. User com- ments may be added to 250 waypoints stored in the user or NavData ® database, and allow you [...]

WP T KEY W aypoint Confir mation Duplicate W aypoints SEC TION 2 W aypoint confirmation page Duplicate waypoints page 51 The GPS 155XL ’ s extensive waypoint database makes it possible for several way- points to share the same identifier . T o ensure that you are selecting the waypoint desired, the GPS 155XL will always of fer the waypoint confir[...]

WP T KEY Locked W aypoints W aypoint Scanning SEC TION 2 Possible messages for locked waypoints. T o blank a waypoint field, highlight the field and pr ess the key . 52 Because the GPS 155XL relies on a NavData car d for most waypoint information, there may be instances when waypoint information is not available for use. Locked waypoints exist wh[...]

SEC TION 3 NRS T KEY Over view Near est airport with other fr equency information. If an airport has multiple fr equencies available, they may be quickly viewed without activating the cursor by pr essing the key r epeatedly . Near est FSS page. T o view additional fr equencies (if available), highlight the fr equency and r otate the O knob. 53 Se[...]

NRS T KEY Special Use Airspace SEC TION 3 NOTE: The GPS 155XL will flash the U next to the M key to inform you of SUA alerts. Y ou do not have to repeatedly check the Near est W aypoint page for SUA infor mation. It is pr ovided to supply mor e infor mation on the SUA and its boundaries. The GPS 155XL will not flash alerts, however , if it has been[...]

NRS T KEY Special Use Airspace SEC TION 3 55 T o view the SUA alert page: 1. Press the T key . 2. Rotate O one stop to the right to view the SUA alert page. The SUA alert page contains the following information: The ‘SUA number’ field displays which SUA you ar e viewing (you may be alerted to up to nine SUAs). SUAs are ranked with ‘sua1’ be[...]

NRS T KEY SUA Messages SEC TION 3 SUA alert page Fr equency information for SUA. If the informa- tion is too long to fit on the display , the GPS 155XL will automatically scroll to display the r est of the information. 56 The following SUA types can appear in the SUA type field: Message Airspace T ype alrt - Alert caut - Caution cl B - Class B cl C[...]

NRS T KEY Special Use Airspace SEC TION 3 Altitude buffer set at 500 feet. This pr ovides an added 500 foot margin beyond the floor and ceil- ing limits for an airspace. 57 All SUA alert messages except for prohibited ar eas may be turned on or off through the GPS 155XL ’ s unit settings options, found under the M key (see page 105). Alerts for p[...]

ROUTE TERMINOLOGY The diagram at the right shows a basic route consisting of five waypoints and four legs. The waypoint you ar e travelling to is called the ‘active to’ waypoint, and the waypoint immediately behind you is called the ‘active from’ waypoint. The course line between the active from and the active to waypoint is called the ‘a[...]

DIREC T-T O Selecting and Cancelling a Direct-T o SEC TION 4 T o select a direct-to destination, pr ess the D key and enter the waypoint identifier using K and O . T o quickly select a direct-to fr om any page that displays a single waypoint identifier (e.g., the near est airport page), pr ess D , followed by E . 59 The GPS 155XL ’ s direct-to fu[...]

DIREC T-T O Manually Selecting A Course SEC TION 4 The waypoint sequencing field, located at the bottom left of the dir ect-to confirmation page, dis- plays the curr ent status of the exter nal GPS SEQ switch. T o manually set your course from the course select field, set the GPS SEQ switch to the ‘AUTO’ posi- tion and enter the selected course[...]

The GPS 155XL lets you create up to 20 r outes (numbered 0 thr ough 19), with up to 31 waypoints each. Routes are created, copied and edited thr ough the R key , which features five r oute pages selectable from the GPS 155XL ’ s outer knob. The five route pages can be divided into two types: active route pages and a route catalog page . Active r [...]

The GPS 155XL ’ s route catalog page is used to create, edit, delete or copy routes, and serves as the main page for a host of functions. These include route activation, determining the closest point of approach and sear ch-and-rescue operations. It also displays a summary of routes currently stor ed in memory , with the departure and arrival rou[...]

SEC TION 4 ROU TE NA V Creating & Editing Routes 63 The route editing function allows you to create new r outes and edit existing routes. Cr eating routes befor e takeoff can help make r oute operations faster and easier during your flight. T o create or edit a route fr om the route catalog page: 1. Use K to display the route number you would l[...]

ROU TE NA V Deleting & Activating Routes SEC TION 4 64 Once a route is defined thr ough the route catalog page, it may be activated from the route catalog page. Activating or r eversing a route places the selected r oute into route 0 and overwrites the existing active route. T o activate a route: 1. Press R and use O to display the route catalo[...]

ROU TE NA V Copying Routes CP A Function SEC TION 4 65 T o copy a route: 1. Press R and use O to display the route catalog page. 2. Use K to display the route to which you would like to copy . The route must be empty . 3. Press C and rotate K to select ‘copy?’. Press E . 4. Use K to enter the route you would like to copy . The departure/arrival[...]

ROU TE NA V Search & Rescue Operations SEC TION 4 66 The GPS 155XL ’ s search-and-rescue function pr ovides navigation guidance for search-and-r escue operations, navigating in a ladder pattern to maximize coverage and efficiency . This is done in reference to two waypoints called ‘anchor waypoints’. The first leg will be a specified dist[...]

The GPS 155XL ’ s Route RAIM Prediction Function evaluates enroute RAIM availability over the entire r oute that the pilot intends to fly . Route RAIM Prediction ensures that satellite coverage will be sufficient to meet the pr otection limits defined by BRNA V/RNP-5 (F AA Advisory Circular 90-96). T o use the Route RAIM Prediction Function: 1. F[...]

The time required for RAIM pr ediction computation depends on the route distance (i.e., 1000 nautical miles = approximately 2 minutes) and the enr oute speed. The longer the route distance and the slower the enr oute speed, the longer the time. If RAIM unavailability is detected based on the associated requirement, the pr ediction process will stop[...]

ROU TE NA V Parallel T rack Offset Navigation SEC TION 4 69 During route navigation, it is sometimes desirable to navigate a specified distance away from the ‘active leg’ to help avoid certain airspaces or r egions. The GPS 155XL ’ s parallel track feature will automatically guide you along a selected offset from the active leg. Bearing and d[...]

ROU TE NA V Active Route Page SEC TION 4 70 Flying and Modifying the Active Route Once a route has been cr eated and activated, the GPS 155XL will provide naviga- tion to each route waypoint thr ough the active r oute, NA V summary and map pages. From the active r oute page, you may also create and modify the active route, and insert an approach, S[...]

ROU TE NA V Adding Active Route W aypoints SEC TION 4 71 The distance field can be selected to display cumulative (‘cum’) distance or the dis- tance for each route leg (‘leg’). If cumulative is selected, the first leg’ s distance will be displayed. The second leg will represent the first leg’ s distance plus the second leg, and so on. T[...]

ROU TE NA V On-Route Direct-T o SEC TION 4 72 T o delete a waypoint from the active r oute: 1. Press C , if necessary , to activate the cursor . 2. Use O to highlight the waypoint you would like to delete from the active route. 3. Press , followed by E . The next route waypoint (if available) will move up to take the position of the deleted waypo[...]

ROU TE NA V T ur n Anticipation SEC TION 4 73 During route operations, the NA V summary page is used to provide turn anticipa- tion, next desired track and waypoint arrival information to the pilot. The GPS 155XL ’ s tur n anticipation feature will smooth out the transition between adjacent route legs by pr oviding CDI guidance along a curved pat[...]

Section 5 Appr oaches, SIDs and S T AR s The GPS 155XL ’ s approach navigation mode allows you to fly non-precision approaches to airports with GPS and overlay pr ocedures using information contained on your Jeppesen NavData ® card. GPS appr oaches are similar to existing IFR approach pr ocedures, but provide additional course and distance infor[...]

The GPS 155XL works in conjunction with a set of external switches and your HSI (OBS) to fly GPS approaches. The external switches are used to contr ol GPS func- tions, and contain illuminated annunciators to indicate when functions are active. Y our installation must also have annunciators for waypoint arrival and GPS messages. The NA V/GPS switch[...]

The GPS SEQ switch is used to select manual or automatic waypoint sequencing of waypoints. Setting the GPS SEQ switch to the HOLD position holds your current ‘active to’ waypoint as your navigation reference and pr events the GPS from sequenc- ing to the next waypoint. When the GPS SEQ switch is set to the AUTO position, automatic waypoint sequ[...]

Basic Rules of GPS Approaches The GPS 155XL is the first GPS certified to meet the requirements of TSO C-129a Category A1. When using the GPS 155XL for non-precision approaches, you’ll encounter two types of approaches: overlay appr oaches (based on existing pro- cedures) and GPS appr oaches (new approaches designed specifically for GPS). The F A[...]

• If you cr oss the same waypoint twice in succession during an appr oach (e.g., the IAF and F AF at the same waypoint, or radar vectors to the F AF), you must set the GPS SEQ switch to the HOLD position prior to cr ossing the fix the first time to prevent the GPS fr om sequencing to the next waypoint. • During a GPS appr oach, keep in mind tha[...]

Flying A T ypical Appr oach The non-precision appr oaches available from the GPS 155XL will all follow the same general flow of events described below . Specific details and instructions relating to each step, along with several approach examples ar e provided later in this chapter . 1. Create a direct-to or r oute with an airport as the final dest[...]

5. T ransition to Active Approach Phase The approach will automatically transition to the active appr oach stage and the GPS APR annunciator will indicate an ‘ACTV’ status if the following conditions are met: a. The approach is armed b. The aircraft is 2 nm fr om the FAF on an inbound course c. The GPS SEQ switch is set to the ‘AUTO’ positi[...]

Selecting and Loading an Approach When an arrival airport is selected with the direct-to key (or created and activated in a route to the arrival airport), the appr oaches for your arrival airport become available through the appr oach select page , which can be viewed by pressing R and rotating the outer knob. Remember that an airport must be the l[...]

When the aircraft is within 30 nautical miles of the destination airport, the GPS 155XL will automatically arm the approach, and the GPS APR switch will indicate an ‘ARM’ status. T o fly the GPS approach (without radar vectors): 1. Confirm that the GPS APR switch indicates an ‘ARM’ status. The CDI scale will begin a steady transition from t[...]

e. Set the GPS SEQ switch to the AUTO position. The GPS 155XL will resume automatic waypoint sequencing for the remaining approach waypoints. 4. Once the aircraft is within 2 nm of the F AF (and the approach is armed), the ‘ACTV’ annun- ciator will illuminate and the CDI scale will ramp down to 0.3 nm. NOTE : If the ACTV annunciator does not il[...]

If you’re not authorized to fly direct-to the missed approach holding point: 1. After the MAP has been crossed, press the D key . The GPS 155XL will automatically display the first waypoint of the missed approach procedure as the next approach waypoint. 2. Press E to confirm the destination. 3. Stop automatic waypoint sequencing by setting the GP[...]

The GPS 155XL ’ s approach select page allows you to review the available approach pr o- cedures at the destination airport. Fr om the procedur es list, you may select and activate a new procedur e on the fly . The active approach is indicated by an on-screen asterisk, and the scrolling arr ow pr ompt indicates which direction to scroll to view a[...]

GPS APPROACH EXAMPLES In the examples that follow , the GPS waypoints are shown along the approach path. In some cases, intermediate database waypoints have been added to approaches. These waypoints are named using lower case letters using the following convention (the most common database waypoints are defined below). Note that these waypoints are[...]

EXAMPLE 1— GPS ONL Y APPROACH Example 1 uses the GPS approach into Fr ederick Municipal Airport (KFDK) and illustrates the basic sequence of selecting and flying a GPS approach, and flying directly to a missed appr oach holding point. Please refer to the previous sections of this chapter for expanded keystroke instructions. 1. Select the destinat[...]

EXAMPLE 2 – VOR/GPS OVERLA Y APPROACH Example 2 uses the VOR/GPS R WY 19 approach into Kansas City Downtown Airport (KMKC) from the south and illustrates an appr oach with a procedure turn, which requires the pilot to set the GPS SEQ switch to the HOLD position prior to crossing the IAF the first time. This example also illustrates the pr ocedure[...]

EXAMPLE 3 – VOR/DME ARC OVERLA Y APPROACH Example 3 uses the VOR/DME R WY 21 approach into T opeka/Forbes Field Airport (KFOE) and illustrates an approach based on a DME ar c. Although DME arc approaches ar e not based on a direct course, the GPS 155XL will still pr ovide approach navigation guidance thr ough the arc by constantly displaying your[...]

6. Monitor your distance and bearing from the DME navaid along the arc. 7. The external CDI course deviation needle will begin to center as you approach the inbound course. The GPS WPT annunciator will flash 15 seconds before reaching the course fix, and the desired track for the final approach will appear in place of the graphic CDI. 8. Dial in th[...]

EXAMPLE 4— RADAR VECTORS TO FINAL APPROACH COURSE Example 4 uses the same VOR/DME R WY 21 approach into T opeka/Forbes Field Airport (KFOE) used in Example 3 and illustrates an approach using radar vectors to a point 3 miles out from the final appr oach fix. T o fly a radar vector approach, you must still select a desired appr oach and IAF from t[...]

The Jeppesen database used in the GPS 155XL features standar d terminal ar rival routes (ST ARs) and standard instrument depar tures (SIDs) that may be placed into any active or stored r oute. A vailable SIDs may be selected for the departure airport at any time in the active route as long as the departur e airport is the first route waypoint and t[...]

The SID select page also allows you to review all the available SIDs for the depar- ture airport and select, delete or change the active SID. T o replace/delete the active SID: 1. Press R and rotate O until the SID select page appears. 2. Press C . The active SID (denoted by an asterisk) is highlighted. 3. T o replace the active SID with another av[...]

94 SEC TION 5 APPRO A CH NA V Selecting & Activating ST ARs Standard T erminal Arrival Routes (ST ARs) used in the GPS 155XL are selected and activated with the same procedur es as SIDs. A vailable ST ARs may be selected for the destination airport at any time in the active route as long as the destination air- port is the last waypoint in the [...]

The ST AR select page also allows you to review all available ST ARs for the desti- nation airport and select, delete or change the active ST AR. T o replace/delete a ST AR: 1. Press R and rotate O until the ST AR select page appears. 2. Press C . The active ST AR (denoted by an asterisk) is highlighted. 3. T o replace the active ST AR with another[...]

96 Section 6 Messages and Unit Settings The GPS 155XL ’ s M key provides access to system messages and allows you to customize the unit to your own preferences thr ough a settings submenu. Whenever the GPS 155XL needs to alert you to a navigation or system message, the annunciator light ( U ) next to the M key will flash. Some messages are adviso[...]

97 The map orientation may be set to north up, track up or desir ed track up. This determines what dir ection the top of the map display is oriented to. Map setup page SEC TION 6 UNIT SETTINGS Map Page Setup The GPS 155XL ’ s map page is designed to be a flexible tool that can be custom- tailored to your navigation needs. The map setup page provi[...]

98 UNIT SETTINGS Map Page Setup SEC TION 6 The automatic zoom featur e will automatically adjust the map display through pr ogressively lower scale settings as you approach your destination waypoint. A scale setting of ‘200’ for airports will display airport locations on the map display for all scales from ‘200’ and lower . Airports will no[...]

99 The ‘auto mag’ setting will automatically calculate the magnetic variation based upon your curr ent position. When the ‘Auto’ CDI setting is selected, the GPS 155XL will automatically change the CDI scale when you ar e within 30 nm of a departur e or arrival airport. The CDI setting will be r eset to ‘Auto’ during approach operations[...]

100 The runway length and surface type settings allow pilots of large, high-performance aircraft to dir ect the T key function to ignor e those airports at which it would be difficult, if not impossible, to land their aircraft. Setting the arrival alarm to 10 nautical miles. SEC TION 6 UNIT SETTINGS Magnetic V ariation Ar rival Alar m The GPS 155XL[...]

101 Display timeout settings. As shown, the display backlight will turn off after 30 seconds to conserve power in the optional battery pack. T o set the minimum runway length and r unway surface: 1. Press and hold M and use O to display the ‘Nearest apt search’ page. 2. Press C and use K and O to enter the minimum runway length upon which your [...]

102 Setting the display mode to ‘negative’ will display on-scr een characters as light gr een on a black backgr ound. This setting is suitable for night operation. The display contrast may be set to automatically adjust to varying lighting conditions, using the built-in photocell. SEC TION 6 UNIT SETTINGS Display Settings T o change the display[...]

103 T rip timer settings, showing timer active when ground speed exceeds 100 knots. The backlight intensity settings page is used to set/adjust the scr een backlighting for day or night operation. SEC TION 6 UNIT SETTINGS Backlighting T rip T imer T o change the backlighting intensity: 1. Press and hold M , and rotate O to display the ‘Backlight [...]

104 Units of measur e settings with all metric values displayed. Default units of measur e settings. UNIT SETTINGS Units of Measure SEC TION 6 The GPS 155XL can be configured to display data in standar d or metric units of measure . These apply to: distance, position, speed, altitude, fuel, pressur e and temperature. T o change the units of measure[...]

105 The SUA settings page with ‘other’ airspaces dis- abled and the altitude buffer set to 500 feet. The SUA settings page with all airspace alerts enabled and the altitude buffer set to 100 meters. SEC TION 6 UNIT SETTINGS SUA Settings Altitude Buffer The Special Use Airspace settings page will allow you to turn the controlled/ restricted airs[...]

106 UNIT SETTINGS Map Datums SEC TION 6 Map datum page showing the default WGS 84 datum. This setting should be used unless your paper chart specifies a differ ent datum. User datum page. T o use this function you must enter the parameters as differ ences from the WGS 84 default. The NavData card contains over 100 map datums for you to use when nav[...]

The last page available under the GPS 155XL ’ s setup menu is the I/O setup page . The I/O setup page lets you configure the GPS 155XL to input R TCM SC-104 correc- tion data, output to an RS-232 mapping device or a PC (with the optional GARMIN PC Kit or other mapping software) and select the appr opriate baud rate. The I/O setup page only provid[...]

108 NA VD A T A C ARD Saving User Data APPENDIX A Data car d warning Appendix A NavData ® and User Data Installation/Oper ation The NavData card supplied with your GPS 155XL can be installed or r emoved when the GPS 155XL is on or off. Insert the car d with the thumb tab at the top, and the beveled corner at the bottom. If the NavData card is not [...]

109 Restor e data page Data transfer page APPENDIX A NA VD A T A C ARD Saving User Data T o restore user data fr om a user data card to the GPS 155XL: 1. Install the user data card. 2. Rotate O to highlight ‘Restore user data?’. 3. Press E . The GPS 155XL will ask you which type of data to replace. Y ou may choose check- lists, scheduler messag[...]

110 INS T ALLA TION & MAINTENANCE APPENDIX B The GPS 155XL is built to exacting standar ds and does not r equir e user maintenance. If the faceplate and lens r equir e cleaning, use a soft cloth and non-abrasive cleaner . The user data is maintained by an internal battery with a pr ojected life of 3 to 5 years. If the GPS 155XL detects a low me[...]

111 APPENDIX C SIMULA T OR Operating mode page Selecting the simulator mode. The GPS 155XL ’ s simulator mode allows you to plan and practice flights in your home and office using an optional r emote battery pack or AC adapter . The simula- tor is not accessible when the GPS 155XL is running off the master avionics switch. All waypoint and route [...]

112 Database confirmation page SIMULA T OR APPENDIX C Entering an initial position r efer ence. T o enter an initial position reference by waypoint identifier: 1. Rotate O to highlight the waypoint identifier field. 2. Use K and O to spell out the identifier of the desired airport, navaid or user waypoint. 3. Press E to confirm the identifier . The[...]

Altitude input fail - The altitude serializer input is not available for the GPS 155XL. Check the I/O settings and/or the serializer installation. If enough satellites are available for a 3D position fix, no pilot action is required, pr oviding no RAIM warnings are pre- sent. If only a 2D fix is possible, the pilot should enter an altitude within 1[...]

Cannot ofst goto rte - An attempt has been made to engage the offset navigation feature while the GPS 155XL is navi- gating using a single waypoint r oute. The GPS 155XL will not allow offset navigation in this situation. Checklist is full - The selected checklist is full. No new items can be added until existing items are deleted. Comment memory f[...]

Invalid copy route - A non-empty r oute was selected for a copy opera- tion. A route must be empty befor e another r oute can be copied to it. Invalid CP A route - The selected r oute contains less than two way- points and cannot be used for CP A operations. Invalid SAR route - The selected route does not contain exactly two waypoints and cannot be[...]

Poor GPS coverage - The GPS 155XL cannot acquire suf ficient satel- lites necessary to provide navigation. Prox alarm-press NA V - Y our craft has penetrated the alarm circle of a pr oxim- ity waypoint. Pr ess NA V to see the bearing and distance to the proximity waypoint. Proximity overlap - The cir cles defined by two proximity waypoints overlap.[...]

Route wpt deleted - One or more route waypoints wer e deleted while receiving data fr om the optional PC Interface Kit. Route wpt locked - At least one route waypoint is locked because the waypoint has been removed fr om the Jeppesen NavData®, the data card is missing, or the data card has failed. Route wpt moved - One or more r oute waypoints wer[...]

118 APPENDIX D MESS AGES & ABBREVIA TIONS This section of Appendix D provides a complete list of GPS 155XL abbr eviations and their meanings. AL T - Altitude APP- Approach APR- Approach APT - Airport W aypoint AR TCC- Air Route T raffic Control Center AR V - Arrival A TF- Aerodr ome T raffic Frequency A TS- Automatic T erminal Information Servi[...]

119 APPENDIX D MESS AGES & ABBREVIA TIONS ILS- Instrument Landing System IG- Imperial Gallons INT - Intersection W aypoint JET A- Jet Fuel - T ype A JET B- Jet Fuel - T ype B KH- Kilometers Per Hour KM- Kilometers KT- Knots LB- Pounds LCL- Local LEN- Length LFLOW- Left Fuel Flow LFOB - Leftover Fuel On Board LOC- Localizer LT - Liters MAG V AR [...]

120 APPENDIX D MESS AGES & ABBREVIA TIONS SEQ- Sequence SGL- Signal SID- Standard Instrument Departure SLCT - Select SRFC- Surface ST AR- Standard T erminal Arrival Route STR- Steer T o T ACAN- T ACtical Area Navigational Aid T AS- T rue Airspeed TAT - T otal Air T emperature TEMP- T emperature TMA- ICAO T erminal Control Ar ea TRK- T rack Angl[...]

121 APPENDIX E SPECIFIC A TIONS Appendix E Specifications PHYSICAL Size: 6.25”W x 5.8”D x 2”H (159mm x 147mm x 51mm) W eight: 27.2 ounces (.77 kg) Rack Size: 6.32”W x 5.64”D x 2”H (161mm x 143mm x 51mm) Rack W eight: 11 ounces (0.31kg) POWER Input: 10-33V DC with power cable (aircraft power) Optional remote battery pack 115V or 230V AC [...]

122 APPENDIX F MAP D A TUMS Appendix F Map Datums ADINDAN Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, Sudan AFGOOYE Somalia AIN EL ABD 1970 Bahrain Island, Saudi Arabia ANNA 1 ASTRO 1965 Cocos Islands ARC 1950 Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Swaziland, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe ARC 1960 Kenya, T anzania ASCENSION IS 1958 Ascension Island ASTRO B4 SOROL A TOLL T ern Island A[...]

123 APPENDIX F MAP D A TUMS LUZON PHILIPPINES Philippines (excluding Mindanao Isl.) MAHE 1971 Mahe Island MARCO ASTRO Salvage Islands MASSA W A Eritrea (Ethiopia) MERCHICH Morocco MIDW A Y ASTRO 1961 Midway Island MINNA Nigeria NAD27 ALASKA North American 1927- Alaska NAD27 BAHAMAS Bahamas (excluding San Salvador Island) NAD27 CANADA Canada (includ[...]

124 APPENDIX G TROUBLE- SHOO TING Q & A Appendix G T roubleshoo ting Q & A The GPS 155XL is a precision navigation instrument that of fers a wide array of performance navigation features. The ‘Q & A ’ section is designed to answer some of the common questions regar ding the GPS 155XL ’ s capabilities and operation. If you have a p[...]

125 APPENDIX G TROUBLE- SHOO TING Q & A Why aren’ t there any appr oaches available for my r oute? Approaches ar e only available when the final route waypoint or dir ect-to destina- tion is an airport (some VOR/VOR T AC identifiers are similar to airport identifiers). If a destination airport does not have a GPS approach, the GPS 155XL will [...]

126 APPENDIX G TROUBLE- SHOO TING Q & A What does the GPS APR switch do? What is ‘ar ming’ an approach? The GPS APR switch must be set to the ARM position for an approach to enter the active phase. It may be left in the ARM position to simplify approach operation. Its main function is to provide the pilot with a quick method of deactivating[...]

127 APPENDIX G TROUBLE- SHOO TING Q & A When should I switch from HOLD to AUTO, and what happens when I do? Once you are ready to r esume automatic waypoint sequencing, you must set the desired course on your HSI two seconds before changing the GPS SEQ switch to the AUTO position. This allows the the desired course to ‘settle’ prior to the [...]

When does turn anticipation begin, and what bank angle is expected? The GPS 155XL will smooth adjacent leg transitions based upon a nominal 15º bank angle (with the ability to roll up to 25º) and pr ovide three pilot cues for turn anticipation: 1) The waypoint annunciator will flash 15 seconds before the turn point and glow steadily 2 seconds pri[...]

129 APPENDIX G TROUBLE- SHOO TING Q & A What is the correct missed appr oach procedur e? How do I select the missed approach holding point? T o comply with TSO specifications, the GPS 155XL will not automatically sequence to the missed approach holding point. The first waypoint in the missed approach pr ocedure will be displayed as the next app[...]

130 APPENDIX H INDEX Appendix H Index A Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118-120 Accessory list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii Activating a route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Activating a route in r everse . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Active to & from waypoints . . . . . . . . 58, 70 Active route page . . .[...]

131 APPENDIX H INDEX Display contrast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Display mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Displaying airports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Displaying identifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Displaying airspace boundaries. . . . . . . . . 99 DOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[...]

132 APPENDIX H INDEX NavData cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 108-109 Navigation terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 NDBs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33, 42 NRST key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii, 8, 53 Nearest airport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 53, 100 Nearest SUA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [...]

133 APPENDIX H INDEX T rip planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 T rip timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 103 T rip timer settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 T rue air speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 T urn anticipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 U Unit settings . . . . . . .[...]

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