Honeywell 880 manuale d’uso

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Printed in U.S.A. Pub. No. A28- - 1 146- - 102 - - 03 September 1996 Revis ed January 2006 Honeywell International Inc. Commer cial Electro nic Systems 5353 W . Bell Rd. Glen dale, Ari zona 85308 - - 3912 U.S.A. (CA GE 55939) PRIM US r 880 Digi tal W eather Radar System Pil ot’ s Gui de[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 T able of Contents TC - 1 T able of Contents Section Page 1. INTRODUCTION 1-1 ............................. 2. SYSTEM CONFIGURA TIONS 2-1 ................. 3. OPERA TING CONTROLS 3-1 .................... WI - 880 W eather Radar Indicator Operation 3-1 ...... WC - 880 W eather Radar C[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital Weather Radar S ys tem A28 - - 1 146 - - 102 - - 01 REV 1 T able of Contents TC - - 2 T able of Contents (cont) Secti on Page 5. RADAR F ACT S (co nt) Rain Echo At tenuat ion Compensat ion T echnique (REA CT) 5-37 .................................. Shadowing 5-40 ............................... T ur bulence Probabilit y 5-40 ..[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital Weather Radar S ys tem A28 - - 1 146 - - 102 - - 01 REV 1 T able of Contents TC - - 3 T able of Contents (cont) A F EDERAL A VIA T IO N ADMINI ST RA TI ON (FAA) ADVIS OR Y CI RCULARS ( CONT ) SUBJE CT : THUNDE RSTORMS A - - 4 ............... Purpose A - - 4 .................................. Related Reading M aterial A - - 4 ..[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital Weather Radar S ys tem A28 - - 1 146 - - 102 - - 01 REV 1 T able of Contents TC - - 4 T able of Contents (cont) List of Illustrations ( cont ) Figure Pa g e 5- - 1 P ositional Relat ionship of an A irplane and St orm Cells Ahead as Displayed on Indic ator 5-2 ......... 5 - - 2 Ant enna Beam S licing Out Cr oss Sec tion of S tor[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital Weather Radar S ys tem A28 - - 1 146 - - 102 - - 01 REV 1 T able of Contents TC - - 5 T able of Contents (cont) List of Illustrations ( cont ) Figure Pa g e 5- - 32 T ur bulent 5-45 .................................... 5- - 33 Weather Display W ith T ur bulence 5-45 .............. 5- - 34 Turbulence Levels (F rom Airm an’ s I[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital Weather Radar S ys tem A28 - - 1 146 - - 102 - - 01 REV 1 T able of Contents TC - - 6 T able of Contents (cont) List of T ables Ta b l e Page 2- - 1 Dual Control M ode T rut h T able 2-3 ................ 2- - 2 P R IM U S R 880 Weather Radar Equipment Lis t 2- 4 .... 3- - 1 Rainfall Rat e Color Coding 3-4 ................... 3-[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Introduction 1-1 1. Introduction T h e P R I M U S R 8 80 D i g i t a l W ea t h e r R ad a r S ys t e m i s a l i g h t w e i g h t , X - b an d d i g i t a l r a da r w i t h a l p ha nu m e r i cs d e s i g ne d f o r w e a t he r de t e c t i o n ( W X ) a nd g r o un d m a pp i [...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Introduction 1-2 The radar indicator is equipped with the universal digital interface (UDI). This feature expands the use of the radar indicator to display information such as checklists, short and long range navigation displays (when used with a Honeywell DA T A NA V system) and ele[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 System Configurations 2-1 2. System Configurations The PRIMUS â 880 Digital W eather Radar System can be operated in many configurations to display weather or ground mapping information on a radar indicator , electronic flight instrument system (EFIS) display , multifunction display[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 System Configurations 2-2 ST AND - ALONE CONFIGURA TION SINGLE OR DUAL EFIS OPTION R T A WU - 880 INDICA T OR WI - 880 EFIS ONL Y CONFIGURA TION R T A WU - 880 CONTROLLER WC - 880 SINGLE OR DUAL EFIS OPTIONAL 2ND CONTROLLER EFIS / MFD CONFIGURA TION R T A WU - 880 CONTROLLER WC - 880[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 System Configurations 2-3 The third system configuration is similar to the second except that a Honeywell multifunction display (MFD) system is added. As before, single or dual controllers can be used. When a single controller is used, all displays show the same radar data. Dual cont[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital Weather Radar S ys tem A28 - - 1 146 - - 102 - - 03 REV 3 Sy stem C onfigurations 2- 4 NOTES: 1. ON is used to indicat e any selec ted radar mode. 2. “SL V” m eans that display ed data is contr olled by opposite s ide contr oller . 3. XXX/2 means t hat display is contr olled by appropriate on- - side cont rol for t he anten[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 System Configurations 2-5/(2-6 blank) WC - 884 CONTROLLER WC - 880 CONTROLLER WI - 880 INDICA T OR WU - 880 R T A AD - 46691@ T ypical PRIMUS â 880 W eather Radar Components Figure 2 - 2[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Operating Controls 3-1 3. Operating Controls WI - 880 WEA THER RADAR INDICA T OR OPERA TION All controls used to operate the system display shown in figure 3 - 1, are located on the WI - 880 W eather Radar Indicator front panel. There are three basic controllers that are described in[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Operating Controls 3-2 AD - 46693 - R1@ RCT TGT AZ SCT RANGE GMAP WX FP TST SBY OFF GAIN MIN MAX PULL V AR PULL ACT TIL T + - BRT STB TRB 7 8 9 10 1 1 2 1 3 4 5 6 12 10 BRT OFF CLR TST SBY LX WI - 880 W eather Radar Indicator Front Panel V iew Figure 3 - 2 1 Display Area See figure 3[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Operating Controls 3-3 AD - 46694 - R2@ T TGT 1234 T VA R ! 1 2 3 VA R 1234 T VA R ! T ARGET/T ARGET ALER T : ARM (GREEN) ALER T (YELLOW INVER TED VIDEO) TIL T ANGLE AL TITUDE COMPENSA TED TIL T (ACT) ANNUNCIA TION RANGE RING MARKERS (120 - DEGREE SCAN SHOWN) WX CALIBRA TED GAIN WX V[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Operating Controls 3-4 If WX is selected before the initial R T A warmup period is over (approximately 90 seconds), the white W AIT legend is displayed in the mode field. In wait mode, the transmitter and antenna scan are inhibited and the display memory is erased. When the warmup is[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital Weather Radar S ys tem A28 - - 1 146 - - 102 - - 03 REV 3 3- 5 Operating C ontrols D FP (Flight Pla n) - - The F P position put s t he radar system in the f light plan mode, which c lears t he screen of radar dat a so ancillary data can be displayed. Exam ples of t his dat a are: — Navigation dis plays — Elect rical disc ha[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Operating Controls 3-6 W ARNING F O RC E D S T AN DB Y M O D E M U S T B E VE R I F I E D B Y T H E O PE RA T O R T O E N S U R E S A F E T Y F O R G R O U ND P E R S O NN E L . 3 TGT (T arget) The TGT button is an alternate - action switch that enables and disables the radar target [...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Operating Controls 3-7 Selected Range (NM) Minimum T arget Depth (NM) T arget Range (NM) 5 5 5 - 55 10 5 10 - 60 25 5 25 - 75 50 5 50 - 100 100 5 100 - 150 200 5 200 - 250 300 N/A N/A FP (Flight Plan) 5 5 - 55 T arget Alert Characteristics T able 3 - 2 4 RCT (Rain Echo Attenuation Co[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital Weather Radar S ys tem A28 - - 1 146 - - 102 - - 03 REV 3 Operating C ontrols 3- 8 The radar ant enna is nor mally att itude st abilized. I t aut omatic ally compens ates f or roll and pit ch maneuver s (ref er to Sect ion 5, Radar Fac ts, f or a descript ion of st abilization) . T he ST B O FF annunc iator is displayed on t he[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Operating Controls 3-9 10 BRT (Brightness) or BRT/LSS (Lightning Sensor System) The BR T knob is a single - turn control that adjusts the brightness of the display . Clockwise (cw) rotation increases display brightness and counterclockwise (ccw) rotation decreases brightness. An opti[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Operating Controls 3-10 12 GAIN The GAIN knob is a single - turn rotary control and push/pull switch that is used to control the receiver gain. Push in on the GAIN switch to enter the system into the preset calibrated gain mode. Calibrated gain is the normal mode and is used for weat[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Operating Controls 3-1 1 WC - 880 WEA THER RADAR CONTROLLER OPERA TION The controls and display features of the WC - 880 W eather Radar Controller are indexed and identified in figure 3 - 4. Brightness levels for all legend and controls on the indicator are controlled by the dimming [...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Operating Controls 3-12 6 5 4 3 8 1 10 2 TRB ST AB TGT SECT + - TIL T CLR TST LX SBY OFF LSS SL V RADAR GAIN RCT WX SBY GMAP FP TST OFF PULL V AR MAX MIN AD - 46697 - R1@ PULL ACT WC - 880 W eather Radar Controller Configurations Figure 3 - 4 NOTES: 1. With a controller without built[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Operating Controls 3-13 1 RADAR This rotary switch is used to select one of the following functions. D OFF - This position turns the radar system of f. D SBY (Standby) - This position places the radar system in standby; a ready state, with the antenna scan stopped, the transmitter in[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Operating Controls 3-14 NOTES: 1. REACT ’ s three functions (attenuation compensation, cyan field, and forcing targets to magenta) are switched on and of f with the RCT switch. 2. Refer to Section 5, Radar Facts, for a description of REACT . D GMAP (Ground Mapping) - The GMAP posit[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Operating Controls 3-15 T h e t a r g e t a l e r t m od e c a n be u s ed i n t h e F P m od e . W i t h t a r g e t a l e r t on a nd t he F P m o de s e l e c t e d , t he t a r ge t a l e r t a r m e d an nu n c i a t i on ( g r e en T G T ) i s d i s p l a y ed . T h e R T A s e[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Operating Controls 3-16 2 TIL T The TIL T switch is a rotary control that is used to select the tilt angle of antenna beam with relation to the horizon. CW rotation tilts beam upward 0 _ to 15 _ ; ccw rotation tilts beam downward 0 _ to - 15 _ . The range between +5 _ and - 5 _ is ex[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Operating Controls 3-17 Selecting target alert forces the system to preset gain. T arget alert can only be selected in the WX and FP modes. In order to activate target alert, the target must have the depth and range characteristics described in table 3 - 4: Selected Range (NM) Minimu[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital Weather Radar S ys tem A28 - - 1 146 - - 102 - - 03 REV 3 Operating C ontrols 3- 18 W ARNINGS 1. TURBUL ENCE CAN ONL Y BE DET ECTE D WIT HIN AREAS O F RAINFALL. THE P RIMUS R 880 DI GI T AL WEA T HER RADAR SYSTEM CANNO T DET ECT CLEAR AI R TURBUL ENCE. 2. UNDETE CTED T URBULENCE CAN EXI ST W ITHI N ANY STORM CEL L. RE FER TO SE[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Operating Controls 3-19 W ARNING LOW V ARIABLE GAIN SETTINGS CAN ELIMINA TE HAZARDOUS T ARGETS FROM THE DISPLA Y . In GMAP mode, variable gain is used to reduce the level of strong returns from ground targets. Minimum gain is attained with the control at its full ccw position. Gain i[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Operating Controls 3-20 WC - 884 WEA THER RADAR CONTROLLER OPERA TION The controls and display features of the WC - 884 W eather Radar Controller are indexed and identified in figure 3 - 5. Brightness levels for all legend and controls on the indicator are controlled by the dimming b[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Operating Controls 3-21 Selecting target alert forces the system into preset gain. T arget alert can be selected in the WX and FP modes. T o activate target alert, the target must have the depth and range characteristics described in table 3 - 5: Selected Range (NM) Minimum T arget D[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital Weather Radar S ys tem A28 - - 1 146 - - 102 - - 03 REV 3 Operating C ontrols 3- 22 5 TRB (T urbulenc e Dete ction) TRB swit ch is us ed to select the turbulence det ect ion m ode of operation. T he TRB m ode can only be select ed if t he MODE s witch is in the W X posit ion and the selec ted range is 50 miles or less. T he wea[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Operating Controls 3-23 W ARNINGS 1. T O A VOID FL YING UNDER OR OVER ST ORMS, FREQUENTL Y SELECT MANUAL TIL T T O SCAN BOTH ABOVE AND BELOW YOUR FLIGHT LEVEL. 2. AL W A YS USE MANUAL TIL T FOR WEA THER ANAL YSIS. 7 RANGE RANGE is a rotary control used to select one of six ranges (10[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Operating Controls 3-24 When the warmup is complete, the system changes the mode field from W AIT to STBY . D TEST - This position selects the radar test mode. A test pattern is displayed to verify that system operates. The green TEST legend is displayed in the mode field. Refer to S[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Operating Controls 3-25 When GMAP is selected, a green GMAP legend is displayed and the color scheme is changed to cyan, yellow , magenta. Cyan represents the least reflective return, yellow is a moderate return, and magenta is a strong return. If GMAP is selected before the initial [...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Operating Controls 3-26 W ARNING WHEN LOW SETTINGS OF V ARIABLE GAIN ARE USED, HAZARDOUS T ARGETS CAN BE ELIMINA TED FROM THE DISPLA Y . In the GMAP mode, variable gain is used to reduce the level of the typically very strong returns from ground targets. Minimum gain is with the cont[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Operating Controls 3-27 Roll Offset D Function - Roll of fset permits exact compensation of the antenna roll to eliminate the ef fects of small errors in the aircraft radar installation. Constantly lopsided ground returns can be eliminated. (Refer to Section 5, Radar Facts, table 5 -[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Operating Controls 3-28 D Entry Method - Selected by sequencing through the roll of fset, pitch of fset, and roll gain menus with the ST AB button. (Refer to Section 5, Radar Facts, table 5 - 10.) D Control - Pull the GAIN knob out and use it. D Exit Method - Push the GAIN knob in. P[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital Weather Radar S ys tem A28 - - 1 146 - - 102 - - 03 REV 3 4- 1 Normal O peration 4. Normal O peration PRELIM INAR Y CON TROL SETT INGS T able 4 - - 1 giv es the pr oper power - - up pr ocedure f or the PRI MUS R 880 Digital Weather Radar S ystem . Step Pr ocedur e 1 V erify t hat t he system c ont rols are i n the posit ions de[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Normal Operation 4-2 Step Procedure 5 When power is first applied the radar is in W AIT for approximately 90 seconds to allow the magnetron to warm up. Power sequences ON - OFF - ON lasting less than 3 seconds result in a 6 - second wait period. NOTE: If forced standby is incorporate[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital Weather Radar S ys tem A28 - - 1 146 - - 102 - - 03 REV 3 4- 3 Normal O peration AD- - 46700- -R2@ VOR1 VOR2 TEST +1 1 HDG 319 25 15 DTRK 315 GSPD MAG1 321 TGT FM S1 130 NM V 260 KTS 50 GRA Y MAGE NT A BLUE WX RANGE ANNUNCIA TOR (WHITE) P880 WX MODE ANNUNCIA TI ONS RED WX RANGE RINGS (WHITE) TGT OR V AR ANNUNCI A T OR : : TGT :[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital Weather Radar S ys tem A28 - - 1 146 - - 102 - - 03 REV 3 Normal O peration 4- 4 WI - - 880 Ind icat or T est Patt ern Wi th TE XT F AUL T En abl ed Figure 4- - 3 Sta ndby When S tandby is s elected, and t he radar is not in dual control mode (ref er to t able 2 - - 1, dual cont rol mode trut h t able, f or dual control operati[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital Weather Radar S ys tem A28 - - 1 146 - - 102 - - 03 REV 3 4- 5 Normal O peration T o aid in t arget int erpret ation, t argets ar e displayed in var ious colors . Each color repres ents a s pecific t arget int ensity . The intens ity levels chosen are r elated t o the Nat ional Weather Ser vice (NW S) video integrat ed process [...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Normal Operation 4-6 Radar Mode - Ground Mapping NOTE: Refer to T ilt Management in Section 5, Radar Facts, for additional information on the use of tilt control. Ground - mapping operation is selected by setting the controls to GMAP . The TIL T control is turned down until a usable [...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Normal Operation 4-7/(4-8 blank) D EFIS/MFD/ND - Faults are normally shown when test is selected. NOTES: 1. Some weather failures on EFIS are annunciated with an amber WX. 2. Some EFIS installations can power up with an amber WX if weather radar is turned of f. 3. If the fault code o[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-1 5. Radar Facts RADAR OPERA TION The PRIMUS â 880 Digital W eather Radar works on an echo principle. The radar sends out short bursts of electromagnetic energy that travel through space as a radio wave. When the traveling wave of energy strikes a target, some of the e[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-2 20 40 +0.6 60 80 100 WX 0 AIRCRAFT HEADING AD - 12055 - R2@ Positional Relationship of an Airplane and Storm Cells Ahead as Displayed on Indicator Figure 5 - 1 The drawing is laid out to simulate the face of the indicator with the semicircular range marks. T o derive [...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-3 at it from above, as shown in figure 5 - 2. The height of the slice selected for display depends upon the altitude and also upon the upward or downward TIL T adjustment made to the antenna. Antenna Beam Slicing Out Cross Section of Storm During Horizontal Scan Figure [...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-4 When the antenna is tilted downward for ground mapping, two phenomena may occur that can confuse the pilot. The first is called ” The Great Plains Quadrant Ef fect ” that is seen most often when flying over the great plains of central United States. In this region[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-5 TIL T MANAGEMENT The pilot can use tilt management techniques to minimize ground clutter when viewing weather targets. Assume the aircraft is flying over relatively smooth terrain which is equivalent to sea level in altitude. The pilot must make adjustments for the ef[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-6 40,000 40 ELEV A TION IN FEET RANGE NAUTICAL MILES AD - 17718 - R1@ 30,000 20,000 10,000 5,000 0 30 20 10 50 60 70 80 20,900 FT 20,900 FT 10,500 FT 1.15 7.9 4,200 FT 4,200 FT ANTENNA ADJUSTED FOR 2.8 UPTIL T 10,500 FT Radar Beam Illumination Low Altitude 12 - Inch Rad[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-7 T ables 5 - 1 and 5 - 2 give the approximate tilt settings at which ground targets begin to be displayed on the image periphery for 12 - and 18 - inch radiators. The range at which ground targets can be observed is af fected by the curvature of the earth, the distance[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-8 RANGE SCALE (NM) AL TITUDE (FEET) 25 50 100 200 300 LINE OF SIGHT (NM) 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 +3 - 0 +2 +2 +3 +3 +3 +2 +2 +2 +3 +3 +1 +2 0 +1 - 1 +1 0 +1 +1 0 +1 - 1 246 230 213 195 174 151 123 87 78 67 55 39 (LI[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-9 RANGE SCALE (NM) AL TITUDE (FEET) 10 25 50 100 200 LINE OF SIGHT (NM) 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 - 5 - 4 - 13 - 9 - 8 - 7 - 6 - 5 - 4 - 5 - 5 - 5 - 5 - 6 - 8 - 6 - 6 - 5 - 10 - 7 - 6 - 1 1 - 8 - 6 - 12 - 8 - 7 - 1 1 [...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-10 0.5 1.0 2.5 5 10 25 50 100 200 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 500 246 230 213 195 174 151 123 87 78 67 55 39 27 Line of Sight (NM) - 2 - 3 - 6 - 2 - 2 - 1 - 1 0 0 0 - 5 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 - 7 - 7 - 3 - 9 - 6 - 2 0 0 - 2 +1[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-1 1 T ilt management is often misunderstood. It is crucial to safe operation of airborne weather radar . If radar tilt angles are not properly managed, weather targets can be missed or underestimated. The upper levels of convective storms are the most dangerous because [...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-12 D Convective thunderstorms become much less reflective above the freezing level. This reflectivity decreases gradually over the first 5000 to 10,000 feet above the freezing level, as shown in figure 5 - 10. AD - 35696@ FREEZING LEVEL Convective Thunderstorms Figure 5[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-13 D Proper tilt management demands that tilt be changed continually when approaching hazardous weather so that ground targets are not painted by the radar beam, as shown in figure 5 - 12. AD - 35698@ FREEZING LEVEL Proper T ilt T echnique Figure 5 - 12 D After heading [...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-14 D Under the right conditions, a dangerous thunder bumper can develop in 10 minutes, and can in fact spawn and mature under the radar beam as the aircraft approaches it, as shown in figure 5 - 14. If flying at 400 kt groundspeed, a fast developing thunderstorm that sp[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-15 D The antenna size used on the aircraft alters the best tilt settings by about 1 _ . However , tilt management is the same for either size, as shown in figure 5 - 16. 10 - IN. ANTENNA HAS 10 BEAM 12 - IN. ANTENNA HAS 7.9 BEAM 18 - IN. ANTENNA HAS 5.6 BEAM 24 - IN. AN[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-16 AL TITUDE COMPENSA TED TIL T (ACT) The PRIMUS â 880 Digital W eather Radar has an ACT feature that can be selected by pulling out the tilt control knob. This feature is annunciated on the radar display by adding an A suf fix to the tilt readout. While in ACT or manu[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-17 AD - 35703@ 25 50 100 NM Manual T ilt at Low Altitudes Figure 5 - 18[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-18 ST ABILIZA TION The purpose of the stabilization system is to hold the elevation of the antenna beam relative to the earth ’ s surface constant at all azimuths, regardless of aircraft bank and pitch maneuvers. The stabilization system uses the aircraft attitude sou[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-19 Some vertical gyroscopes have provisions for deactivating the roll - erection torque motor (whenever the airplane banks more than approximately 6 _ ) to reduce the ef fect of lateral acceleration during turns. T o some extent, stabilization error is displayed in the [...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-20 T rim Adjustment Flight Condition Effect On Ground Return Display (Over Level T errain) Roll of fset Straight and level Nonsymmetrical display Pitch of fset Straight and level Ground displays do not follow contour of range arcs. Roll gain Constant roll angle >20 ?[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-21 Stabilization Precheck Prior to performing any of the adjustment procedures, conduct the precheck procedures listed in tables 5 - 5 and 5 - 6. LEVEL FLIGHT ST ABILIZA TION CHECK Check stabilization in level flight using the procedure in table 5 - 5. Step Procedure 1 [...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-22 10 5 15 20 AD - 17720 - R1@ GMAP Symmetrical Ground Returns Figure 5 - 19 10 5 15 20 AD - 17721 - R1@ GMAP Ground Return Indicating Misalignment (Upper Right) Figure 5 - 20[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-23 10 5 15 20 AD - 17722 - R1@ GMAP Ground Return Indicating Misalignment (Upper Left) Figure 5 - 21 ROLL ST ABILIZA TION CHECK Once proper operation is established in level flight, verify stabilization in a turn using the procedure in table 5 - 6. Step Procedure 1 Plac[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-24 In prolonged turns, gyro precession can occur that is tracked by the stabilization system and appears as undesirable ground targets on the indicator . For example, a 1 ° precession error (which would probably not be noticed on the gyro horizon) moves the antenna bea[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-25 ROLL ST ABILIZA TION CHECK Y ou can make an in - flight adjustment when level flight stabilization errors are detected. This procedure is done by either the WC - 880 or WC - 884 W eather Radar Controller or the WI - 880 W eather Radar Indicator . During this procedur[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-26 Step Procedure 10 Push the ST AB (STB) button to go to the next menu (pitch of fset). NOTE: Once set, the roll compensation is stored in nonvolatile memory in the R T A. It is remembered when the system is powered down. In - flight Roll Offset Adjustment Procedure T [...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-27 WX Roll Offset Adjustment Display - Final Figure 5 - 24[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-28 PITCH OFFSET ADJUSTMENT This in - flight adjustment in made in straight and level flight when the ground returns do not follow the contours of the radar display range arcs. The procedure is listed in table 5 - 8. Step Procedure 1 If two controllers are installed, one[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-29 ROLL GAIN ADJUSTMENT This in - flight adjustment is made in a bank when the ground returns do not remain symmetrical during turns. The procedure is listed in table 5 - 9. Step Procedure 1 If two controllers are installed, one must be turned of f. If an indicator is u[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-30 PITCH GAIN ADJUSTMENT This in - flight adjustment is made in a bank when the ground returns do not follow the contours of the range arcs during turns. The procedure is listed in table 5 - 10. Step Procedure 1 If two controllers are installed, one must be turned of f.[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-31 INTERPRETING WEA THER RADAR IMAGES From a weather standpoint, hail and turbulence are the principal obstacles to a safe and comfortable flight. Neither of these conditions is directly visible on radar . The radar shows only the rainfall patterns with which these cond[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-32 The following are some truths about weather and flying, as shown in figure 5 - 26. D T urbulence results when two air masses at dif ferent temperatures and/or pressures meet. D This meeting can form a thunderstorm. D The thunderstorm produces rain. D The radar displa[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-33 RED LEVEL* 60 80 40 20 0 NAUTICAL MILES RAINFALL RA TE AD - 12057 - R2@ Radar and V isual Cloud Mass Figure 5 - 26 As masses of warm, moist air are hurled upward to meet the colder air above, the moisture condenses and builds into raindrops heavy enough to fall downw[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-34 T o find a safe and comfortable route through the precipitation area, study the radar image of the squall line while closing in on the thunderstorm area. In the example shown in figure 5 - 27, radar observation shows that the rainfall is steadily diminishing on the l[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-35 WEA THER DISPLA Y CALIBRA TION Ground based radar observers of the National W eather Service (NWS) currently use video integrator processor (VIP) levels in reporting thunderstorm intensity levels. These radar echo intensity levels are on a scale of one to six. Refer [...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-36 DISPLA Y LEVEL RAINF ALL RA TE MM/HR RAINF ALL RA TE IN./HR 4 (MAGENT A) GREA TER THAN 50 GREA TER THAN 2 3 (RED) 2 (YELLOW) 12 - 50 0.5 - 2 4 - 12 0.17 - 0.5 232 >300 >300 130 190 230 90 130 160 1 (GREEN) 1 - 4 0.04 - 0.17 0 (BLACK) LESS THAN 1 LESS THAN 0.04 [...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-37 V ARIABLE GAIN CONTROL The PRIMUS â 880 Digital W eather Radar variable gain control is a single turn rotary control and a push/pull switch that is used to control the radar ’ s receiver gain. With the switch pushed in, the system is in the preset, calibrated gain[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-38 H o ne y w e l l ha s i n c o r p o r a t ed a tt en ua t i on c o m pe n s a t i o n t h a t a d j u s t s t h e r e c e i v e r g a i n b y a n a m ou n t e qu a l t o t h e a m ou n t o f a t t e nu a t i o n . T h a t i s , t he g r e a t e r t he a m o un t o f [...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-39 With REACT Selected REACT REACT ON and OFF Indications Figure 5 - 28[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-40 Shadowing A n o pe r a t i ng t e c hn i q ue s i m il a r t o t h e R E A C T b l ue f i e l d i s s h ad o w i n g . T o u s e t h e s h ad o w i n g t e c h n i qu e , t il t t h e an t e nn a do w n u n t il g r o un d i s b e i ng pa i n t e d j u s t i n f r on[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-41 Although penetrating a storm with a red (level three) core appears to be an acceptable risk, it is not. At the lower end of the red zone, there is no chance of extreme turbulence, a slight chance of severe turbulence, and a 40% chance of moderate turbulence. However [...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-42 T urbulence Detection Theory The PRIMUS â 880 Digital W eather Radar uses a turbulence detection technique called Pulse Pair Processing (PPP). The PPP technique used in the new PRIMUS â 880 Digital W eather Radar is adapted from the proven technique used in the ear[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-43 With the very short time between radar pulses when in the turbulence mode (one pulse every .0008 second), little or no turbulence results in little or no change in the size or position of the raindrops. This results in little or no change in the individual returns fr[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-44 T otal Return V ector Figure 5 - 30 AD - 17726 - R1@ No T urbulence Figure 5 - 31[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-45 AD - 17727 - R1@ TURBULENT T urbulent Figure 5 - 32 T urbulence Detection Operation With the radar in the WX mode and with 50 miles or less range selected, pushing the TRB switch turns on the turbulence detection mode. Areas of detected turbulence are displayed in so[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-46 Mode annunciation for the turbulence detection mode is the /T legend that is added to the WX annunciation. The resultant annunciation is WX/T for weather and turbulence. The color bar legend on the dedicated radar indicator includes a T within a soft white square whe[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-47 INTENSITY AIRCRAFT REACTION REACTION INSIDE AIRCRAFT LIGHT T urbulence that momentarily causes slight, erratic changes in altitude and/or attitude (pitch, roll, yaw). Occupants may feel a slight strain against seat belts or shoulder straps. Unsecured objects may be d[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-48 RELA TIVE FREQUENCY 60% 40% 20% 0% 80% 100% 1/2 ” HAIL 1/4 ” HAIL 3/4 ” AND LAGER HAIL AD - 15358 - R1@ LEVEL 2 YELLOW LEVEL 3 RED LEVEL 4 MAGENT A Hail Size Probability Figure 5 - 35 Spotting Hail As previously stated, dry hail is a poor reflector , and theref[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-49 On reaching the tropopause, the hail is ejected from the storm and falls downward to a point where it is sucked back into the storm. When the hail falls below the freezing level, however , it begins to melt and form a thin surface layer of liquid detectable by radar [...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-50 U - SHAPE HOOK FINGER AD - 35713@ Familiar Hailstorm Patterns Figure 5 - 37 The more that is learned about radar , the more the pilot is an all - important part of the system. The proper use of controls is essential to gathering all pertinent weather data. The proper[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-51 OVERFL YING A ST ORM HAIL AD - 12061 - R1@ Overshooting a Storm Figure 5 - 38 Another example of the pilot ’ s importance in helping the radar serve its safety/comfort purpose is shown in figure 5 - 39. This is the blind alley or box canyon situation. Pilots can fi[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-52 THE BLIND ALLEY 40 20 LONG RANGE 20 SHOR T RANGE AD - 12062 - R1@ Short - and Long - Blind Alley Figure 5 - 39[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-53 Azimuth Resolution When two targets, such as storms, are closely adjacent at the same range, the radar displays them as a single target, as shown in figure 5 - 38. However , as the aircraft approaches the targets, they appear to separate. In the illustration, the air[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-54 RADOME Ice or water on the radome does not generally cause radar failure, but it hampers operation. The radome is constructed of materials that pass the radar energy with little attenuation. Ice or water increases the attenuation making the radar appear to have less [...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-55 WEA THER A VOIDANCE Figure 5 - 41 illustrates a typical weather display in WX mode. Recommended procedures when using the radar for weather avoidance are given in table 5 - 12. The procedures are given in bold face, explanations of the procedure follow in normal type[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-56 Step Procedure 1 Keep TGT alert enabled when using short ranges to be alerted if a new storm cell develops in the aircraft ’ s flightpath. 2 Keep the gain in preset. The gain control should be in preset except for brief periods when variable gain is used for detail[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-57 Step Procedure 5 When flying at high altitudes, tilt downward frequently to avoid flying above storm tops. S t ud i e s b y t he N a t i o na l S e v e r e S t o r m s La bo r a t o r y ( N S S L ) o f O k l ah o m a ha v e d e t e r m i ne d t h a t t hu nd e r s t [...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-58 Step Procedure 9 A void all rapidly growing storms by 20 miles. W h en s e v e r e s t o r m s a nd r ap i d d e v e l op m e n t a r e e v i de n t , t h e i n t e n s i t y o f t he r ad a r r e t u r n m a y i n c r ea s e b y a hu ge f a c t o r i na m a tt e r o[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-59 Step Procedure Three of the most common erratic motions are: 1. Right T urning Echo . This is the most frequently observed erratic motion. Sometimes a thunderstorm echo traveling the same direction and speed as nearby thunderstorm echoes, slows, and turns to the righ[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-60 Step Procedure 1 1 Never continue flight towards or into a radar shadow or the blue REACT field. W ARNING ST ORMS SITUA TED BEHIND INTER VENING RAIN- F ALL MA Y BE MORE SEVERE THAN DEPICTED ON THE DISPLA Y . If the radar signal can penetrate a storm, the target displ[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-61 N AD - 15560 - R1@ T ypical Hook Pattern Figure 5 - 42 The hooks are located at the right rear side of the thunderstorm echo ’ s direction of movement (usually the southwest quadrant). The hook is not the tornado echo! A small scale low pressure area is centered at[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-62 There are many patterns on radar that resemble hook echoes but are not associated with severe weather . Severe weather hook echoes last at least 5 minutes and are less than 25 miles in diameter . The favored location for hook echoes is to the right rear of a large an[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-63 A VOID PENDANT BY 20 MILES The pendant shape shown in figure 5 - 44, represents one of the most severe storms - the supercell. One study concluded that, in supercells: D The average maximum size of hail is over 2 inches (5.3 cm) D The average width of the hail swath [...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-64 A VOID STEEP RAIN GRADIENTS BY 20 MILES Figure 5 - 45 shows steep rain gradients. Refer to the paragraph, Interpreting W eather Radar Images, this section, for a detailed explanation of weather images. Rain Gradients Figure 5 - 45 A VOID ALL CRESCENT SHAPED ECHOES BY[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-65 10 20 30 40 50 AD - 22161 - R1@ Crescent Shape Figure 5 - 46 Line Configurations A VOID THUNDERST ORM ECHOES A T THE SOUTH END OF A LINE OR A T A BREAK IN A LINE BY 20 MILES The echo at the south end of a line of echoes is often severe and so too is the storm on the [...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-66 A VOID LINE ECHO W A VE P A TTERNS (LEWP) BY 20 MILES One portion of a line may accelerate and cause the line to assume a wave - like configuration. Figure 5 - 47 is an example of an LEWP . The most severe weather is likely at S . LEWPs form solid or nearly solid lin[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-67 A VOID BOW - SHAPED LINE OF ECHOES BY 20 MILES Sometimes a fast moving, broken to solid thunderstorm line will become bow - shaped as shown in figure 5 - 48. Severe weather is most likely along the bulge and at the north end, but severe weather can occur at any point[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-68 Additional Hazards TURBULENCE VERSUS DIST ANCE FROM ST ORM CORE The stronger the return, the further the turbulence will be encountered from the storm core at any altitude. Severe turbulence is often found in the tenuous anvil cloud 15 to 20 miles downwind from a sev[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-69 GROUND MAPPING Ground mapping operation is selected with the GMAP button An example of ground map display is shown in figure 5 - 49. T urn the TIL T control down until the desired amount of terrain is displayed. The degree of down - tilt will depend upon the type of [...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-70 RANGE SCALE (NM) AL TITUDE (FEET) 10 25 50 100 200 LINE OF SIGHT (NM) 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 - 5 - 4 - 13 - 9 - 8 - 7 - 6 - 5 - 4 - 5 - 5 - 5 - 5 - 6 - 8 - 6 - 6 - 5 - 10 - 7 - 6 - 1 1 - 8 - 6 - 12 - 8 - 7 - 1 1[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Radar Facts 5-71/(5-72 blank) RANGE SCALE (MILES) AL TITUDE (FEET) 5 10 25 50 100 200 LINE OF SIGHT (MILES) 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 +1 +2 +2 - 1 - 3 - 5 - 7 - 12 - 7 - 2 - 1 0 +1 +2 +2 +2 +2 +1 +1 0 - 1 0 +1 +1 - 3 - 1 +1 - 5 - 1[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital Weather Radar S ys tem A28 - - 1 146 - - 102 - - 03 REV 3 6-1/(6 -2 blank) Maximum P ermiss ible Ex posur e Level (MP EL) 6 . M aximum Permissible Exposure Level (MPEL) Heating and radiat ion eff ects of weat her radar can be hazar dous to lif e. Personnel s hould remain at a dis tance gr eater t han R fr om t he radiating ante[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 In - Flight T roubleshooting 7-1 7. In - Flight T roubleshooting The PRIMUS Ò 880 Digital W eather Radar System can provide troubleshooting information on one of two formats: D Fault codes D T ext faults. The selection is made at the time of installation. This section describes acce[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 In - Flight T roubleshooting 7-2 NOTES: 1. FC installations with a radar indicator can display stored faults for the current power - on cycle and nine previous cycles. Installations with radar displayed on the electronic flight instrument system (EFIS) do not display stored faults. 2[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 In - Flight T roubleshooting 7-3 T able 7 - 1 describes the six fault data fields that are displayed in figure 7 - 1. Field No. Description 1 Pilot Message 2 Line Maintenance Message 3 Fault Code/Power - on Code 4 Fault Name 5 T ransmit ON/OFF 6 Strap Code NOTES: 1. If airborne, only[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 In - Flight T roubleshooting 7-4 Figure 7 - 2 shows the fault codes displayed on EFIS with text faults disabled. AD - 35708 - R1@ VOR1 VOR2 F AIL 22 HDG 319 25 15 DTRK 315 GSPD MAG1 321 TGT FMS1 130 NM V 260 KTS 50 Fault Code on EFIS W eather Display With TEXT F AUL TS Disabled Figur[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 In - Flight T roubleshooting 7-5 Fault Code and T ext Fault Relationships T able 7 - 2 lists the relationship between: D Fault codes (FC) D Pilot/Maintenance Messages D Fault Name/type/description/cross reference (XREF). FC XREF F AUL T DESCRIPTION F AUL T NAME PILOT MSG LINE MAINT F[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 In - Flight T roubleshooting 7-6 FC F AUL T TYPE LINE MAINT PILOT MSG F AUL T NAME F AUL T DESCRIPTION XREF 4828 FPGA Download 4906 IO FPGA REG 06 4847 STC Monitor STC DAC RADAR F AIL PULL RT A POWER ON 07 4830 HVPS Monitor HVPS MON RADAR F AIL PULL RT A CONTINUOUS 4816 DSP RAM 4817 [...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 In - Flight T roubleshooting 7-7 FC F AUL T TYPE LINE MAINT PILOT MSG F AUL T NAME F AUL T DESCRIPTION XREF 22 4841 Selftest OSC Failure RCVR SELF - TEST PICTURE UNCAL PULL RT A CONTIUOUS 4843 Multiple AFC Unlocks SPOKING LIKEL Y CONTINUOUS 24 4845 AFC Sweeping AFC PULL RT A 4929 AFC[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 In - Flight T roubleshooting 7-8 T able 7 - 3 describes the pilot messages. Pilot MSG Description RADAR F AIL The radar is currently inoperable and should not be relied upon. It will need to be replaced or repaired at the next opportunity . RADAR CAUTION A failure has been detected t[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital Weather Radar S ys tem A28 - - 1 146 - - 102 - - 03 REV 3 8- 1 Honey well Pr oduct S upport 8. Honeywell Pr oduct Support The Honeywell SPEX R program for cor porate operators prov ides an extens ive exchange and r ental ser vice that complem ents a worldwide network of s upport center s. An inventor y of m ore than 9,000 spare[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital Weather Radar S ys tem A28 - - 1 146 - - 102 - - 03 REV 3 Honey well Pr oduct S upport 8- 2 CUSTOMER SUPPORT Honeywell Aerospace Online T echnical Publicatio ns We b Si t e Go t o the Honeywell O nline T ec hnical Publicat ions Web site at htt ps:/ /pubs .cas. honeywell. com/ t o: D Download or view publications online D Or der[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital Weather Radar S ys tem A28 - - 1 146 - - 102 - - 03 REV 3 9- 1 Abbrev iations 9. Abbreviations Acrony ms and abbrev iations us ed in t his guide are defined as follows: ABBREVI A TION EQU IV AL ENT AC Advisor y Circular ACT Altit ude Compensat ed T ilt ADC Air Dat a Computer AF C Autom atic F light Contr ol AG C Autom atic G ai[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital Weather Radar S ys tem A28 - - 1 146 - - 102 - - 01 REV 1 Abbrev iations 9- 2 FL TPLN, FP , FPL N Flight P lan FMS Flight Managem ent Syst em FPGA Field - - P rogramm able Gat e Array FS BY For ced Standby ft F eet GCR Ground Clutt er Reduct ion GM AP Gr ound Mapping GP S Global Pos itioning Sy stem hr hour HVPS High V oltage P[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital Weather Radar S ys tem A28 - - 1 146 - - 102 - - 01 REV 1 9-3/(9 -4 blank) Abbrev iations R CT , R E A C T Rain Echo A ttenuat ion Compensat ion T echnique RCVR Receiv er RT A Receiv er T rans mitt er Ant enna SBY , STB Y Standby SCI Serial Cont rol Int erfac e SCT , SECT Scan Sector SECT Sector Scan SL V Slave SPEX Spares Exch[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars A - 1 Appendix A Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars NOTE: This section contains a word - for - word transcription of the contents of the following F AA advisory circulars: D AC 20 - 68B D AC 00 - 24B. [...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars A - 2 Background Dangers from ground operation of airborne weather radar include the possibility of human body damage and ignition of combustible materials by radiated energy . Low tolerance parts of the body include the eyes[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars A - 3 D Personnel should be advised that when high power radar transmitters are operated out of their protective cases, X - rays may be emitted. Stray X - rays may emanate from the glass envelope type pulser , oscillator , cl[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars A - 4 SUBJECT : THUNDERST ORMS Purpose This advisory circular describes the hazards of thunderstorms to aviation and of fers guidance to help prevent accidents caused by thunderstorms. Cancellation Advisory Circular 00 - 24A,[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars A - 5 T ORNADOES D The most violent thunderstorms draw into their cloud bases with great vigor . If the incoming air has any initial rotating motion, it often forms an extremely concentrated vortex from the surface well into [...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars A - 6 ICING D Updrafts in a thunderstorm support abundant liquid water with relatively large droplet sizes; and when carried above the freezing level, the water becomes supercooled. When temperature in the upward current cool[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars A - 7 HAIL D Hail competes with turbulence as the greatest thunderstorm hazard to aircraft. Supercooled drops above the freezing level begin to freeze. Once a drop has frozen, other drops latch on and freeze to it, so the hai[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars A - 8 LIGHTNING A lightning strike can puncture the skin of an aircraft and can damage communication and electronic navigational equipment. Lightning has been suspected of igniting fuel vapors causing explosion; however , ser[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars A - 9 Airborne weather avoidance radar is, as its name implies, for avoiding severe weather - not for penetrating it. Whether to fly into an area of radar echoes depends on echo intensity , spacing between the echoes, and the[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars A - 10 If you cannot avoid penetrating a thunderstorm, the following are some do ’ s BEFORE entering the storm. D T ighten your safety belt, put on your shoulder harness if you have one, and secure all loose objects. D Plan[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars A - 1 1 National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) Thunderstorm Research The NSSL has, since 1964, been the focal point of our thunderstorm research. In - flight conditions obtained from thunderstorm penetration by controlled, [...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars A - 12 TURBULENCE IN RELA TION T O DIST ANCE FROM THE ST ORM EDGE T H E C L EA R A I R O N T H E I N F L O W S I D E O F A S T O R M I S A P L A C E W H E R E SE VE R E T UR B U L E NC E O C CU R S . A t t he ed ge o f a c l [...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars A - 13 MAXIMUM ST ORM T OPS Photographic data indicates that the maximum height attained by thunderstorm clouds is approximately 63,000 feet. Such very tall storm tops have not been explored by direct means, but meteorologica[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital W eather Radar System A28 - 1 146 - 102 - 00 Federal A viation Administration (F AA) Advisory Circulars A - 14 EXTRAPOLA TION T O DIFFERENT CLIMBS General comment: Severe storms are associated with an atmospheric stratification marked by large values of moisture in low levels, relative dryness in middle levels, and strong wind [...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital Weather Radar S ys tem A28 - - 1 146 - - 102 - - 03 REV 3 B- -1 Enhanc ed Ground - - Pr oximity W arning S ys tem (EG PWS) Use or disclosure of the infor mation on this page is subject to the restrictions on the tit le page of this document. Appendi x B Enhanced Ground - - Proximity W arning System (EGPWS) The Mark VI I EG PWS [...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital Weather Radar S ys tem A28 - - 1 146 - - 102 - - 03 REV 3 Enhanc ed Ground - - Pr oximity W arning S ys tem (EG PWS) B- -2 Use or disclosure of the infor mation on this page is subject to the restrictions on the tit le page of this document. PU SH BUTT ON CON TROLS The f ollowing remot ely mount ed push butt ons cont rol the E [...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital Weather Radar S ys tem A28 - - 1 146 - - 102 - - 03 REV 3 B- -3 Enhanc ed Ground - - Pr oximity W arning S ys tem (EG PWS) Use or disclosure of the infor mation on this page is subject to the restrictions on the tit le page of this document. Related EGPWS S ystem Op eration Some ins tallations may have a D A T A - - NA V (navig[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital Weather Radar Sy stem A28- -1 146- -102- -01 REV 1 Enhanc ed Ground- -Pr oximit y Warning Sy stem ( EGPW S) B- -4 EGPWS Dis pl ay The EG PWS dis plays is shown as variable dot pat ter ns in green , ye llow ,o r red . T he densit y and color is a funct ion of how c lose the terr ain is relat ive to t he aircr aft alt itude above[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital Weather Radar Sy stem A28- -1 146- -102- -01 REV 1 B- -5 Enhanc ed Ground- -Pr oximit y Warning Sy stem ( EGPW S) Figur e B- -1 shows t he E GPW S over K PHX airpor t at 2000 f eet m ean sea level heading nor th. T he ter rain shows t he m ountains t o t he nort h of Phoenix. AD- -62964@ EHSI Di spl ay Over KP HX Airp ort With [...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital Weather Radar Sy stem A28- -1 146- -102- -01 REV 1 Enhanc ed Ground- -Pr oximit y Warning Sy stem ( EGPW S) B- -6 EGPWS T es t When t he EGP WS is select ed for dis play , it can be test ed. P ush the remot e mounted E GPW S T EST butt on to dis play t he tes t f ormat shown in figur e B- -2. AD- -63056@ EGP WS T est Disp lay F[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital Weather Radar Sy stem A28- -1 146- -102- -01 REV 1 Index Index- -1 Index A Abbrevi ations, 9- 1 Acceler ative err or , 5-18 Alt itude compensat ed til t, 5- 16 C Categor izing stor ms, 5-35 D Dynamic err or , 5-18 E Enhanced ground- -proxim ity war ning system (EGPW S), B- -1 annunciat ors, B- - 2 FA I L , B - - 2 INHI B, B- - [...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital Weather Radar Sy stem A28- -1 146- -102- -01 REV 1 Index Index- -2 Index (cont) I In- -fli ght troubl eshooting, f ault access faul t data fiel ds, 7-3 pil ot messages, 7-5 tes t mod e with T EXT FAUL TS enabled, 7- 2 tex t fau lts, 7 -5 Int erpret ing weather radar i mages, 5-31 N Nati onal severe storm s labor ator y (NSSL) t[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital Weather Radar Sy stem A28- -1 146- -102- -01 REV 1 Index Index- -3 Index (cont) range, 3- 18 SECT (scan sector) , 3-16 SL V (slave) , 3-19 ST B (s tabiliz atio n), 3 -17 TGT (tar get) , 3-16 Tilt, 3-1 6 TRB (t urbulence det ection) , 3-17 WI - - 880 Weat her radar indi cator operat ion, 3-1 AZ (az imu th), 3 -8 BR T ( bright ne[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital Weather Radar Sy stem A28- -1 146- -102- -01 REV 1 Index Index- -4 Index (cont) Radar fact s ( cont) rai n echo attenuat ion compensati on technique (RE AC T), 5 -37 azimut h resolut ion, 5-53 hail si ze pr obabilit y , 5-47 shadowing, 5- 40 spott ing hail, 5- 48 tur bulence detect ion operat ion, 5-45 tur bulence detect ion th[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital Weather Radar Sy stem A28- -1 146- -102- -01 REV 1 Index Index- -5 Index (cont) Nati onal severe storm s labor ator y (NSSL) t hunderstor m research, A- -1 1 extr apolati on to dif ferent cli mbs, A- -14 hail i n t hunderstor ms, A- -13 maxim um storm t ops, A- - 13 modif icati on of cri ter ia when severe st orms and r apid de[...]

PRIMUS r 880 Digital Weather Radar Sy stem A28- -1 146- -102- -01 REV 1 Index Index- -6 Index (cont) W eather radar cont roll er operati on (cont ) OFF , 3-13 Ra infa ll rate co lor c od ing , 3-13 RCT (r ain Echo att enuation compensati on technique) , 3-13 SBY (standby) , 3-13 TST (test ), 3-15 WX (weat her), 3- 13 tilt, 3-1 6 PULL ACT (al tit ud[...]