HP (Hewlett-Packard) 30B manuale d’uso

i HP 20b Bu sines s C onsultant HP 3 0b Bu sine ss Pr o f es si onal F inanc i al Calc ulator U se r’s Gui de HP P art Number: NW2 3 8-9000 1 E dition 1 , December 2009[...]

ii Le g a l N o t ic e This man ual and an y ex ample s contained her e in ar e pr o v i ded "as is" and ar e su bjec t to change w ithou t notice . He w lett -P ac k ar d C ompan y mak es no w arr anty of an y kind w ith r egar d to this manual, inc luding, but not limited to , the impli ed war r anties o f mer chantab ility , non - infr[...]

iii HP 20b Bu sines s C onsultant[...]

iv HP 3 0b Bu sine ss Pr o f es si onal[...]

v Ke y b o a r d M a p L e g e n d * Only appli es to HP 30b . **Does not appl y to the HP 20b. Number Feature Number Feature 1 2 -line , alphanumer ic sc r olling disp lay s cr e en 9 Com mon Mathemati cal func tions and Math (Math) menu 2 Time V alue of Mone y k e y s (T VM) 1 0 Pr ogram menu* RPN S w ap /Clos e par enthe sis 3 Cash F l o w , IRR[...]

vi[...]

i Table of Contents Legal Notice ............ ................ ...................................................................... ........... ii HP 20b Business Consultant ................................................ ............................ .......... iii HP 30b Business Profession al .............. ................................ ...[...]

ii Amortization ........... ................ ................. ................................................ .............. 29 Interest Conversion Menu ................ ................. ................ ............................ ........... 33 4 Canadian Mortgages: TV M Canada ............ ................ ............... ...................[...]

Basic Features 1 1B a s i c F e a t u r e s W elcome t o y our ne w HP F inanc i al Calc ulat or This man ual is designed to f ami liar i z e y ou w ith the man y f eatur es a v ailable on yo u r n ew H P Busines s and F inanci al calculator s. It inc ludes menu maps , cash flo w diagr ams, and e x ample problems and solut ions with ke y presses an[...]

Basic Features 2 Cu rso r When y ou enter a number , the c ursor ( _ ) blinks in the displa y and indicates y ou ar e in number entry mode. T wo L ine Display Th ere ar e tw o lines in the displa y s cre e n a s s h ow n i n Fig u re 1 . Figu re 1 Di s p l ay Sc ree n The t op line of the sc reen dis play s oper atio n s tatus , oper ator s y mbols[...]

Basic Features 3 T able 1 - 1 Mode M enu Settings Setting (top line) Description FIX= 2 Displa y prec isio n (number of digits dis play ed to the ri ght of the dec imal point ) . Defa ult is 2 . K e y in the number of digits y ou wan t and press I , or press = until the number of digits y ou w ant is display ed . The dis play pr ec ision can be an [...]

Basic Features 4 Cha n gi ng t h e Ca lcul a tion M od e After v ie w ing the de fault s ettings, suppo se y ou w ant to change the calc ulation mode fr om Chain to RPN . S ee T a ble 1 - 2. K e y Pr es ses , the Shift K e y , Secondary , and T er tiary F uncti ons* T o ex ec ute the f unctio n assoc iated w ith a k e y , pr ess and r elease the de[...]

Basic Features 5 • The pr imary function is pr inted on the top of the k e y . • The s econdar y functi on is pr inted on the be vel o f the ke y . T o activ ate the secondary functi on of a k e y , pr ess and r elease : follo w ed by the k ey w ith the s econdar y functi on print ed on the bev el. • The thir d, or t ertiar y functi ons are p[...]

Basic Features 6 Annu n c iato rs Annunc i ators ar e sy mbols that ap pear in the displa y as mes sages , or after cer tain ke y s or ke y combinati ons hav e been pr ess ed. Ann unc iator s ar e spec ial s y mbols indicating a s pecif i c statu s in the calc ulator . Fi gur e 3 illustr a tes th e an nunciator sy mbols in the dis play . F igur e 3[...]

Basic Features 7 inter es t rate is displa y ed on the bottom line . W ith this scr een dis play ed , pr ess 12I to inpu t a ne w value f o r the no minal rat e . Pr ess < f ollo w ed by = to calc ulate the value f or th e eff ecti v e r ate . S ee F igur e 4. Fig u re 4 When an item fo r whi ch the = k e y is v alid displa ys , the small annunc[...]

Basic Features 8 Notes a bout Spec ial Menus The Mode , Memory , Math and Res et menus ar e un iq ue menu s; the y allow y o u to w or k in another men u simultaneousl y with out hav ing to e x it . F or e x ample , if yo u wer e wor king in the Bond menu pr i or to ent er ing one of the se menu s, pr es sing O to ex it r etur ns y ou to y our pr e[...]

Basic Features 9 Once opened , y ou can scr o ll thr ough the items in the menu b y pr es sing < or > r epeatedly . In most menus , wh e n you a rrive a t t h e l as t item in a menu , pr essing < ret u r n s y ou to the f irs t item . Similarl y , pre ssing > once on the f irst men u it em sc rolls to the last item in the menu . Most i[...]

Basic Features 10 F igur e 7 Menu Map of the Br eak -ev en menu Ther e ar e f our types o f menu items: 1. Read/wr ite . Re ad/wr ite men u items , such as Fixed in the Break -e v en menu show n abo v e , are ea sily r ecogni z able , becaus e w hen the y are selected , both the INP UT and small ( = ) annunc iat ors ar e lit . When lit , these annu[...]

Mathematical Calculations 11 2 Mathemati cal Calc ulations Mathemati cal F unc tio ns Mathematical f unctions ar e located: • On k e ys , suc h as , +-*/ , etc. • On shifted, or s econdary functions , suc h as, :p • In the Math menu , :s Number Entry and Displa y Numbers ar e en ter ed b y pr essing: • Number ed k ey s, 0 – 9 • The dec [...]

Mathematical Calculations 12 Cha in M o de Calc ulatio ns in Chain mode ar e interp re ted in the or der in whi c h th ey a re e n t e re d . For e xample , ente ring the f ollo w ing numbers and op er ations as w r itten fr om left to r ight , 1+2*3= , ret u r n s 9 . See F igure 2. F igur e 2 Calc ulati on in Chain Mode NO TE: if y ou pr ess an o[...]

Mathematical Calculations 13 F or e x ample , k e y in 1 + 2 x 5 nP r 2 2 in Algebr ai c mode by pr e ssing: 1+2*5:b2:m= . T he r esult is 2 4 1 . NO TE: the calculator is limited t o 1 2 pending oper ations . An operati on is pending when it is w aiting for the in put of a n umber or the r esult of a n oper ation of higher pr ior ity . R e v ers e[...]

Mathematical Calculations 14 In F igu re 3, th e sta ck contai ns four nu mbers, 2 3 , 4 1 , 1 2 , and –1 5. E ach lev el ( 1– 4) con tains one number . When a number is t yped an d entered into the stack b y pr essin g I , this ne w number is "pushed" i nto le vel one of the stac k, and eac h number alr eady in the s tack mo ve s up [...]

Mathematical Calculations 15 F or mor e comple x pr oblems r equ iring tw o or mo re ope r ations , y ou do no t need to ent er par entheses to s et oper ational pr io rity . K ey in numbers and oper ations insi de the pare ntheses f irst , f ollow ed b y tho se outside o f the pare nth eses . If a pr oblem has mor e than one set of par entheses , [...]

Mathematical Calculations 16 Pr essing I or = when y ou ar e not entering a nu mber dupli cates the n umber on Level 1 . Th a t i s, t h e nu m b e r on Leve l 1 i s p us h ed on the stac k , making Le v els 1 and 2 equal . In the e xam ple abo ve , pres sing I after * duplicates 77 on the stack , making Le v els 1 and 2 equal . See F igur e 5. T a[...]

Mathematical Calculations 17 F igur e 5 Duplicating a Number on the Stac k In R PN, th e pa rentheses ke ys (D manipulate the stac k . Pre ssing ( perfor ms a ro l l do wn o f the stack . A r oll do w n causes the st ack to rol l to war ds the bottom o f the stack , dur ing w hic h the number in L ev el 2 to mo v es do w n to Leve l 1 , t h e nu m [...]

Mathematical Calculations 18 Pr essing D per for ms a swa p . A sw ap oper ation e x c hanges th e number s on Le ve ls 1 and 2 of t h e st a ck. Th e D ke y has a small s y mbol to the r igh t of the par enthesis s y mbol to indicate the s wa p featur e . W ith the numbers en ter ed into the st ack sho w n in the le ft column in F igur e 7, pr ess[...]

Mathematical Calculations 19 Ra n d o m nu m b e r Pr ess :f to gener ate a randomly dist r ibuted n umber betw een 0 and 1 . T y pe a number and pr es s :$:f to stor e a ne w seed f or r andom number gener atio n. T he Math Men u Th ere ar e additi onal func tions a vailable in the Math men u . T o open the Math menu , pres s :s . S ee F igur e 8 [...]

Mathematical Calculations 20 F igur e 8 The Menu Map f or the Math Menu Pr ess < to s c ro l l t h ro u g h t h e m e nu items, st arting with T rigonometry . The T rigonometr y , Hype rb o l i c , and Probability items ha v e sub-men us . Pr ess I on an y of these items to access the f uncti ons w ith in the sub me nus . Pr ess < to s cr o l[...]

Mathematical Calculations 21 Pr ess O to cancel the Math menu and retu rn to current work. P ress :s to retur n to the top of the Math men u . F or e x ample , using the math menu calc ulate Sin –1 (0. 5), see T able 2 -5. In the Math menu , PI does not perfor m calculati ons; it e nters PI for calculations . Y ou may s tar t an operati on, u se [...]

Mathematical Calculations 22 1 . Enter the tw o degr ees of f r eedom b y t y ping each n umber follo w ed by I or = . 2 . T y pe the number f or wh ic h y ou w ant to calc ul ate the pr obability , or , for the in ve rse , the pr obability for w hic h y ou w ant the number . 3 . Nav i gate to the appr opr iat e functi on in th e Pr obability sub-m[...]

Mathematical Calculations 23 Binomi al F u ncti ons T he binom ial f uncti on calc ulates the probab ilit y of ha ving u p to k successes ou t of n thr o w s, w hen the pr obability of su ccess is p . En ter n and p eac h follo w ed b y = and ty pe k and navigate to t he bin om ial fu nction in the math men u . Tw o - N u m b e r F u n c t i o n s [...]

Mathematical Calculations 24 St or ing and R ecalling Number s The calc ulator has ten memor i es av ailable for use dur ing calc ulations . T hese memor ies ar e number ed f r om 1–9 and 0. T o st or e a number in a memor y , pr ess :$ , f ollo w ed b y the k e y repr e senting the memory number . T o r ecall a numbe r stor ed in a memo r y , pr[...]

Mathematical Calculations 25 R ecalling a Menu It em V a lue in a Men u In a menu , y ou can r ecall the c ur r ent v alue of a men u item . F o r ex ample , open the Inter es t Co nv ersi on menu (IC onv) b y pr essing :& . W ith Nom.% displa yed , pr essing 2*L== calc ulates 2 times the nominal r at e . This f eatur e is us ef ul when y ou ne[...]

Mathematical Calculations 26 In RPN mode , the % k e y calc ulates x % of the numb er on Lev el 2 of the stack, w hen x is t h e n u m b e r o n L e v e l 1 o f t h e s t a c k . I t d o e s n o t m o d i f y t h e n u m b e r o n L e v e l 2 o f t h e s t a c k , a n d thus allo w s y ou to perfor m addition or subtr ac tion after pr essing % to a[...]

Time Value of Money 27 3 T ime V alue of Mone y Th e e xam ples in the f ollo w ing se ctio ns ar e calc ul ated w ith the Mode men u pref er ences in their def ault setting s, unle ss othe r w ise not ed. F or mo r e infor mation abou t basic featur e s and setting prefer enc es, see Ch ap ter 1 , Basi c F eatur es . T ime V alue of Mone y (TVM) K[...]

Time Value of Money 28 F igur e 1 illustr ates a cash fl o w diagr am and ho w the data in the di agr a m cor re sponds to the TV M k e ys . F o r a complete lis t of k e y s used f o r TVM problems , along w ith their de scr ipti ons, see T able 3- 1 . T o save va l u es for t h e T V M va riab l es, e n ter the desir ed n umber , f ollo w ed b y [...]

Time Value of Money 29 T able 3- 2 TVM Example T o re set the TVM var iable s to their def ault v alues , pr ess :x . Pr ess < or > r epeatedly until TV M displa ys . Pr ess I to r eset the TV M values, or press O to cancel . Note: the v alue for P/YR is n ot r eset; it maintains its c ur r ent enter ed v alue when TVM Res e t i s u s e d. Am[...]

Time Value of Money 30 F igur e 2 The Me nu Map f or the Amorti z ation Men u Enter the v alues f or the T VM k e ys fo r the e xam ple belo w . Pre ss A fol l owe d by < or > to v ie w the amorti z ati on sc hedule . T able 3-3 Amortization Menu Items Menu Item/Ke y Description A Opens the A mortiz ati on menu ( Amort ). Nb P eriod Number of[...]

Time Value of Money 31 Cr eating an Amorti z ation Sc hedule Y ou borr o w 1 40, 000. 00 fo r 3 60 mon ths at 1 0% inte r est . Cr eate an amorti z ation sc hedule for the loan. Ho w much int er est di d yo u pay f or the f irst y ear? What is the balance of y our loan after the firs t y ear? See T able 3- 4. Th e e x ample be lo w is calcu lated w[...]

Time Value of Money 32 T o re set the menu items to th eir def ault v alues , w ith any it e m of the Amorti z ati on menu displa yed pr ess :x . W ith TV M displa y ed, pr e ss I . A t the TV M Rese t p ro mp t, pr ess I to r eset , or O to cancel. < Display s the amount of inter est paid on the loan for the f irst y ear . T he amount of y our [...]

Time Value of Money 33 Inter e st Con v er sion Menu F igure 3 The Menu Map for the Inter est C onv ersion Men u T o open the Inter est C on ver sion men u ( ICon v ) pr ess :& . T able 3-5 Interest Conv ersion M enu Items Item Description Nom.% No mi n a l i n te re st ra t e : t h e st a t e d a nn u a l i nt e res t ra t e c om p o u nd e d [...]

Time Value of Money 34 Using the Inter e st C onv er sion Men u F ind the eff ecti v e r ate of a 3 6 . 5% nominal rate compound ed dail y . See T a ble 3-6. See F igur e 3 f or help w ith nav igating thr ough the menu . Note: in TVM Standar d , C/YR is the same number as P/YR in T VM calc ulations, since mos t inter es t calculati ons ar e based o[...]

Canadian Mortgages: TVM Canada 35 4 Canadi an Mortgages: TVM Canada F igur e 1 The Menu Map for the P/YR Menu In Canada , inter est r ates f or mortgages ar e , b y law , giv en as a nominal inter est r ate , compou nded twi ce y earl y . This means that the co mpounding per iod f or the per -per i od inter est r ate calc ulati on diff ers f r om t[...]

Canadian Mortgages: TV M Canada 36 Canadi an Mortgage Ex am ple Calc ulate the monthl y pa y ment f or a 2 5-y ear ( N=300 ) Canadi an mortgage valued at 3 5 0, 000. 00, if the nominal inte re st r ate is 6. 0%, compounded tw ice y earl y ( C/YR=2 ) with 1 2 pa yments per y ear (P/YR). The e xam ple is calculated w ith RPN set as the oper ating mod[...]

Cash Flows 37 5C a s h F l o w s Fig u re 1 Cas h Fl ow D i a g ra m In the calc ulator , a cash flo w li st is a set of nu mbered p airs, CF(n) and #CF(n) , w her e n is the inde x of the cash flo w list . E ac h pair r epre sents one or mor e ca sh flo w s in a cash fl ow diagr am . As with TVM pr oblems, it helps to sk etc h a cash f lo w diagr [...]

Cash Flows 38 T o erase a cash f lo w list , with an y cash f low dis play ed pre ss :x . The n umber of cas h flo w s in the lis t is displa y ed on the bot tom li ne, along w ith Cash Flo w= . At this pr ompt , pr es s I . Y ou w ill be ask ed to conf irm y our c ho ice . E ither pr es s I to confirm the re se t, o r O to cancel. T able 5- 1 list[...]

Cash Flows 39 T able 5- 2 Cash Flow Ex ample Keys D i s p la y De s c r i p t i on C Opens the cash flo w list . 8000 0}I Inputs - 80000 as the moneta r y value of the initial cash flo w . Note: the sign of the cash outflo w is negati v e. I Acc e pt s 1 as the number of occurrences f or CF(0) . Displays the c urrent monetary value of CF( 1) . 5000[...]

Cash Flows 40 5000 I Inputs 50 00 as the monetary value o f CF(5 ) . Displa ys the c urr ent v alue , 1 , for the number of times CF(5) occur s. 5I Inputs 5 for the number of occ urr ences for CF(5 ) . Display s the c urren t monetary value of CF(6) . 1150 00I Inputs 11 5 0 0 0 as the monetary value of CF(6) . Displays the cur rent value , 1 , for [...]

Cash Flows 41 Ana lyz i ng Ca sh Flow s Th e var i ous func tio ns used to anal yz e cash f lo w s ar e located in the NPV P and IRR R menus . If yo u press R or P bef or e entering cash flo ws , y ou w ill be redir ected t o the cash flo w me nu to ent er v a lues into the cash flo w li st . T he men u maps f or the IRR and NPV menu s ar e sho w n[...]

Cash Flows 42 F igur e 2 The Menu Maps f or the NPV and I RR Menus *Does not appl y to the HP 20b. P Inv. I% Net PV Net FV DWN Net US Payback Discounted Payback Total #CF/Yr R IRR % Inv. I%* Safe I%* DWN MIRR* FMRR* #CF/Yr[...]

Cash Flows 43 Ta b l e 5 - 4 Keys D i s p la y De s c r i p t i on P Opens the NPV menu . 10. 5I Inputs 10 . 5 for in ves tment rate . >1 I (Optional) V erif ies one cash flo w list per y ear , as per the ex ample . << Display s the NPV of t he c as h fl ow wi th t h e g ive n Inv . I% . < Display s the NFV of the cash f low w ith the g[...]

Cash Flows 44 E diting C ash F lo w s In the cash f low lis t , y ou can v ie w and modify the c urr ent mone tary value of a sp ec ific cash flow , o r c as h fl ows. Press < or > r epeate dly to sc r oll thr oug h the lis t . T o modify the displa y ed entry , t ype a ne w number and pr e ss I . F or ex ample , to c hange the c urr ent mone[...]

Cash Flows 45 Ta b l e 5 - 6 Keys D i s p la y De s c r i p t i on R Opens the IRR menu . Display s the IRR for t h e cash flo w . >1 I (Optional) V erif ies one cash flo w list per y ear , as per the ex ample . <<8 I Inputs 8% for inv estment r ate . <5 I Inputs 5% for the safe inv estment r ate . < Display s MIRR%. < Display s F[...]

Cash Flows 46 Sam ple Cash F lo w Diagr ams F igur e 3 Sample C ash F lo w Diagr ams[...]

Bonds 47 6B o n d s F igur e 1 The Men u Map for the Bond Men u *Does not appl y to the HP 20b. B Set.Date Mat.Dat e CPN% Call Yield% Price Accrued Actual/Cal.360 Annual/ Semi-annual DWN Mod. Duration* Macaulay Duration*[...]

Bonds 48 Th e B o n d M e nu B e f o r e y o u e n t e r t h e B o n d m e n u, b e s u r e t o v e r i f y t h e d a t e f o r m a t i s s e t a p p r o p r i a t e l y f o r y o u r pr oblem . The de fault s etting is mm.ddyyyy , but it can be set f or dd.mm yyyy . T he r ange of acceptable dat es is Oct ober 1 5, 1 5 8 2 to De cembe r 3 1 , 9 99[...]

Bonds 49 Bond Calc ulati on Ex ample What pr ice should y ou pa y on Apr il 2 8 , 20 1 0 for a 6 .7 5% U .S . T reasury bond maturing on June 4 , 20 20, if y ou w ant a y i eld of 4.7 5%? Assume the bond is calc ulat ed on a semi annual coupon pa y ment on an ac tual/actual basis. S ee T able 6 - 2. T he e xam ple belo w is calc ulated with RPN as [...]

Bonds 50 T o re set the menu items to the ir defaul t valu es, with any item of th e B ond menu d isp lay ed press :x . W ith Bond displa y ed , pr ess I to r es et the menu , or O to c anc el. Press O again to e x it the menu . :$1 Sto res 11 5 . 8 9 in memor y 1 . < Displa ys the c urr ent v alue for acc rued int er est . =L1+ Re turns the r e[...]

Black-Scholes Calculation Menu* 51 7 Blac k - Sc ho les C alc ulati on Men u* F igur e 1 The Menu Map the Blac k -Scho les menu *Does not appl y to the HP 20b. : (HO LD) B Stock price Strike price Time to maturity Risk-free % Volatility % Dividend % Call price Put price DWN[...]

Black-Scholes Calculation Menu* 52 Th e B l a ck -S ch o l es M e n u T o open the Blac k - Sch oles men u (the Blac k - Sholes k e y is : (HOLD) B ) . T o open the menu: 1 . Pre ss and ho ld the : key . 2. P r e s s t h e B (the Blac k - Sholes k e y). 3. Re l e a s e b o t h ke ys . In other wor ds, press on the : and B ke y s simultaneou sly and[...]

Black-Scholes Calculation Menu* 53 Ta b l e 7- 1 Note th at if yo u ente r a history of the under l y i ng ass et pr ice and its y ield in the data m enu , pr essing the = key o n t h e V olatility % menu item automati cally calc ulates the s tandar d de v iatio n of the v ar iatio n of the ass et pr ice based on the gi v en data . Pr essing = in t[...]

Black-Scholes Calculation Menu* 54 Blac k - Sc hole s Ex ample The his tor ic pr ice s for an ass e t and their di v idends ar e lis ted in T able 7 - 2 below . G iv en this data , calc ulate the call and put pr i ces f or the as set . The e x ample is calc ulated w ith RPN set as the oper ating mode . F ir st , enter the histor i cal asset pr i ce[...]

Black-Scholes Calculation Menu* 55 T a ble 7 -4 Bl ack - Scho les Ex am ple Keys D i s pl a y D es c ri p t io n :y Opens the D ata menu . 80I 3I Inputs 80 fo r x and 3 for y . 85I 5I Inputs 8 5 for x and 5 for y . 78I 1I Inputs 7 8 for x and 1 for y . 72I 0I Inputs 7 2 f or x and 0 for y . : (HOLD) B Opens Bl ack -Scholes menu . 74I < Inp uts 7[...]

Black-Scholes Calculation Menu* 56 T o re set the menu items to th eir def ault v alues , w ith any it e m of the Blac k - Sc holes men u displa yed pr es s :x . W ith Black- Scholes display ed , pr ess I to r e set the menu , or O to cancel . Pr ess O again to e x it the menu . = Pres s < to scr oll to the ne xt item. Calc ulates the standar d [...]

Date Calculation 57 8 Date Calc ulation F igure 1 The Menu Map for the Date C alculatio n Menu The D a t e Ca l cu l a t ion M en u The D a te Cal cula tio n m en u i s us ed to ca lcul at e the number of day s between tw o dates, or a second date gi v en a number of da y s fr om an initial , or f inal date. T o open the Date Calc ulatio n menu , p[...]

Date Calculation 58 T o re set the menu ite ms to their def ault va lues, w ith an y item of the Date menu dis play ed pr ess :x . W ith Date displa y ed , pr ess I to r es et the menu , or O to can cel. Press O again to e x it the menu . T able 8- 1 Date Calculatio n Example Ke y Displa y Description :@ Opens the Date Calc ulation men u . NO TE: 2[...]

Break-even 59 9B r e a k - e v e n F igur e 1 The Menu Map f or the Break -ev en Menu T he Br eak -ev en Men u T o open the Br eak -e v en menu , pres s :y . T o change the v alue of the displa y ed item , k e y in a number and pr es s I . Once y ou ha ve ent er ed all kno wn data , pr es s < or > repeatedl y to sc r oll to the unkno wn item [...]

Break-even 60 T o res et the menu items to the ir def ault values , w ith any item o f the Break -e ven menu displa yed pr ess :x . W ith Brk Even displa y ed, pr es s I to r eset the men u , or O to cancel . Pr ess O again to ex i t the menu . T able 9- 1 B reak -even Ex ample Keys D i s pl a y D e sc ri p t i o n :y Opens the B reak -e ven menu s[...]

Business Problems 61 1 0 Busi ness P r ob lem s F igur e 1 The Me nu Map fo r the P er cent C alculati on (%calc) Menu The P e rce nt C a l cul a t io n M e n u Pr ess :# to open the me nu . T her e ar e f our items in this me nu: 1 . Mark up as a per centage of cos t ( Mk up . %C ) 2 . Mark up as a per centage of pr ice ( Mk up . %P ) 3 . P ar t a[...]

Business Problems 62 T o re turn to the per cent calc ulati on menu , fr om an yw her e w ithin the menu or sub-men us, pr es s :# . T o ex it the menu , pr ess O . NO TE: f or business pr oblems, mar gin is base d on pr i ce; mark u p is based on co st . T he e xample s below ar e calc ulated w ith RPN a s the acti v e operating mode . P ercent C [...]

Business Problems 63 2 . F ind the percent c hange betwee n 20 and 3 5 with no compounding . NO TE: although the e xam ple in T a ble 1 0 - 2 cal l s fo r no compounding , y ou ma y spec ify the number o f compounding per iods u s ed in calc ulatio ns wi th the Nb P er iod item in the %Change sub-menu . Nb P er iod is the number of comp ounding per[...]

Business Problems 64 3 . 30 is what % o f 80? T o re set the menu items to the i r def ault v alues , with an y ite m of th e %calc menu display ed pr ess :x . W ith %Calc displa yed , pr ess I to re set the menu , or O to cancel . Pr ess O to ex it the me nu . T able 1 0 -3 P ercent Chan ge Example with Compounding Keys D i sp l a y D es c ri p t [...]

Depreciation 65 11 D e p r e c i a t i o n F igur e 1 The Menu Map f or the Deprec iation Menu : Life Start Cost Salvage Factor Year (auto-increment) Press I to scroll throug h the options: Sline SOYD DecBal DBXover French Sl Amort F Depreciation R. Book Value R. Depreciable Value DWN[...]

Depreciation 66 Th e D e p re ciat io n M e n u Pr ess : to ope n the Depr ec iati on menu . T o select a depr ec i ation method , pr ess I . S ee F igur e 1. Input the v alues r equir ed fo r the calculati on: •A s s e t l i f e • Starting date or month o f the deprec i ation • Cos t and salv age value s • Declining balance fac tor (DecBa[...]

Depreciation 67 Depr ec i ation Exam ple A m eta lw ork in g m ach in e, pu rc ha sed for 1 0 , 00 0.00, is to be de preciated over fi ve years. I t s sal vage v alue is estimated at 5 00. 00. U sing th e str aight-line method , f ind the depr ec iati on and r emaining depr ec iable v alue f or each o f th e f irst tw o y ears of the mac hine'[...]

Depreciation 68 T o re set the menu items to th eir def ault v alues , w ith any it em of the Deprec i ation menu displa y ed pres s :x . W ith Depr eci ation displa y ed , pr es s I to r es et the menu , or O to cancel . Pr ess O to e x it the menu . < Y ear for whi ch to calc ulate the depr ec iatio n. Ye a r 1 is the def ault value . T o calc[...]

Statistical Operations 69 1 2 S tatis tical Ope r ati ons F igur e 1 The Menu Map f or the Statisti cs Menu * ax 2 +bx+c and Quartiles do not appl y to the HP 20b. :z Press I to select: 2 Vars, 1 Var, or 1 Freq. Descriptive ( y items 2 Vars Only) Predictions (2 Vars Only) Sums ( y items 2 Vars Only) DWN DWN INPUT INPU T INPUT DWN DWN DWN Nb It em x[...]

Statistical Operations 70 T he Data and S tats Me nus St atistic s analy sis f uncti ons ar e located in the Data and Statisti cs men us accessible w ith the :y and :z keys. S e e Fi g u re 1 f o r a s s i s t a n c e w ith na vi gating thr ough the menus. Pr ess :y t o o p e n t h e D a t a m e n u. I n t h i s m e n u, e n t e r a l i s t o f x v[...]

Statistical Operations 71 *Does not appl y to the HP 20b. y Std. Dev Standar d dev iation for y : a measur e of how dispers ed th e y data v alues ar e abou t the mean. x Po p u l a t i o n D e v P opula tion Standar d dev iatio n for x : a measure o f how disper sed the x data valu es are abo ut the mean, as suming the data constitute s a complete[...]

Statistical Operations 72 S tatisti cs Ex ample Sales f or the las t fi v e months are r epr esen ted b y the pairs of va lues sho wn belo w , with the month number as x , and the sales v alues as y . Enter t hese int o the Data menu . Using the Statisti cs men u fo r Predictions , predi ct sale s for month se ve n. W hat is the linear regr es sion[...]

Statistical Operations 73 T able 1 2 -3 Statistics Example Keys D i sp l a y D e s c r i p t io n :y Opens Data menu . 1I1 50I Inputs values for x (1 ) and y (1) . 2I1 65I Inputs values for x (2) and y (2) . 3I1 60I Inputs values for x (3 ) and y (3) . 4I1 75I Inputs values for x (4 ) and y (4) . 5I1 70I Inputs values for x (5 ) and y (5) . :z Open[...]

Statistical Operations 74 T o re set the menu items to the ir def ault v alues, w ith an y item o f the Data or Statistic s menus displa y ed pre ss :x . At the pr o mpt , Stats , pre ss I . C onfir m y our c hoi ce by pr essing I . < Display s va lue for a: the slope of the r egression line . < Display s c urr ent value f or b: the y -inter [...]

Programming 75 1 3 Pr ogr amming Pr ogr amming the HP 3 0b This c hapter applies only to th e HP 30b , and e xplains ho w to pr ogr am spec if icall y on the HP 30b . If y o u are unf amiliar w ith the basi cs of pr ogr amming , y ou ma y hav e tr o uble unders tanding some of the f ollo w ing info rmatio n . Re v i ew ing th e mater ial and pr ac [...]

Programming 76 Ta b l e 1 3 - 1 All pr ogr amming k e y combinatio ns listed in the abo v e table r eq uir e y ou to pr ess the key and (HOLD) it while simultaneousl y pre ssing the desir ed pr ogr am instr ucti on. T he instr ucti ons are de sc ribed in mor e detail in the f ollo wing page s. Almo st an y func tion y ou pe rform w ith the calc ula[...]

Programming 77 Pr ogr amming Ex am ple Th e follo w ing pr ogr amming e x ample , and all ex am ples in this c hapter , w er e w ritte n w ith Chain or Algebraic set as the oper ating mode . Since a pr ogram e x ec utes the k e y s e xac tly as if y ou w er e manuall y pr essing the m, the c u r re nt oper ating mode affects ho w the pr ogr am ex e[...]

Programming 78 Pr ogr am S tep 0 Pr ogr ams start at step 1 , how e v er , if y ou edit a pr ogr am by pr es sing I w ith the pr ogr am displa y ed and pres s the up k e y > , y ou w ill find the re is a s tep 0. Pr ess an y k e y w ith step 0 displa y ed and that key b e c o m e s a s ho r t cu t fo r t h e pr ogr am. Y ou may also assi gn an y[...]

Programming 79 If y ou assign a pr ogr am to a shift k e y and ther e is no : (HOLD) functi on on that k e y , the standar d f unction w ill be e x ecu ted b y pr essing the : (HOLD) option of that ke y . This w ay y ou still ha ve the option of u sing the standar d shifted functi on of the k e y should y o u need it . Pr ess O to c lear y our sc r[...]

Programming 80 T he Pr ogr am Me nu and Pr ogram E diting No w that w e hav e been thr ough some short e x am ples, let u s look at some of the pr ogr amming details. Th e Progr am men u displa ys a lis t of the ten pr ogr ams that ar e in the calc ulator . Use the > and < ke y s to sc r oll thr ough the pr ogr am menu . F or each progr am , [...]

Programming 81 T es ts and Jump F uncti ons When c r eating a pr ogr am, ther e is o ften a need fo r the conditional e xec ut ion of a n i n struct ion based on a spec if i c conditio n , as w ell as the r epetitio n of a set of instructions. Th is is handled on the HP 30b using the GO T O , LBL (label) and T est instruc tions . LBL is an instr uc[...]

Programming 82 Note: • Lab e l nu m b er s mus t b e u n iqu e. O n ly on e l a bel with a gi v en number can e x ist in the calc ulator . • Y ou can jump fr om one progr am to anoth er if you kn o w that ther e is a spec ifi c label number in another pr ogr am. • Use the tests ? , ? , ? , ? , ? an d ? (the top r o w of k ey s) to v er if y i[...]

Programming 83 Other Pr ogr a mming F unc tio ns (HOLD) DISP: tak e s a number that r epr esents 1/5 o f a seco nd . DISP5 is thu s one second . (HOLD) STOP: Stops the e x ec uti on of the pr ogr am . This ins truc tion should be placed at the end of e v er y pr ogr am. (HOLD) R/S: P aus es the pr ogr am e xec uti on and r eturn s to the normal s y[...]

Programming 84 Mes sages The M S G functi on is used to display mes sages on sc r een; it is e spec i al ly useful when use d bef or e halting the pr ogr am wi th (HOLD) , as it allo w s yo u to display me ssages on the scr een for the u ser . T o enter a mes sage while c r eating a pr ogr am: Pr ess : (HOLD) . Re lease both k e y s . Y ou can now [...]

Programming 85 3. P r e s s > until the letter R appear s, and th en pr ess I . Pr es s . and the sc ree n should display a ? . 4. Pr ess O to e x it . 5. P re s s : (HOLD) . Then pres s O to ex it . 6 . No w en ter pr ogr am mode agai n by pr e ssing :E . T he displa y w ill sho w R? in v ideo in ve rse . Since pr ogr am 0 has a messag e as the[...]

Programming 86 Sa v ing , R es tor ing , and Modify ing Mode Se ttings Often, pr ogr ams ar e designed to run in a spec ific mode (for e x ample , FI X 4 or RPN ). Y o u c a n use L:u to r ecall the c urr e nt mode , sa ve it , modify the se ttings, e ither by going in the menu , o r using the $:u func tion and then r e st oring it . F or ex ample:[...]

Programming 87 Solv e Th e sol ve k e y is not pr ogr ammable , but it is a po w e rf ul addition to the ca lc ulator functionalit y . The so lve fu nc tio n ut i liz es H P Solve, a fe at u re unique to HP calc ulators, w hic h allo w s yo u to f ind a number for a v ar iable that w ill cause a pr o g r a m t o r e t u r n a 0 . T h i s c a n b e [...]

Programming 88[...]

Error Messages 89 14 E r r o r M e s s a g e s Er r or Mes sages and C alc ulator S tatu s T able 1 4- 1 Err or Me ssages Error Message Status ER: Underflo w T he calculatio n generated an underflo w (result of 0). ER: x /0 Di visi on b y z er o. ER: 0/0 Z ero di v ided by z er o . ER: *0 Infinite m ultiplied b y z ero . ER: / Infinite di vi ded by[...]

Error Messages 90 ER: Unique soluti on to IRR Not Found R eturned if IRR tr ies to calc ulate a solution but cannot f ind it. Us er should supply a new gues s… ER: Stac k St ack o verflo w when perf orming calc ulations w ith mor e than 1 2 pending operatio ns. ER: P ar enthesis: An err or link ed to use of par enthese s: unmatched , too many , e[...]

Warranty, Regulatory, and C ontact Information 91 1 5 W ar r an t y , R egulato r y , and Co ntac t Inf or mati o n R eplac ing the Batter i es Use onl y fr esh ba tterie s. Do not use r echar geable bat ter ie s. T he calc ulator t ak es tw o , 3-volt CR203 2 lithium batter ies . T o ins tall a ne w batter y: 1 . With the calc ulator tur ned off ,[...]

Warranty, Regulatory, and Contact Information 92 HP pr oducts ma y contain r eman ufac tured part s equi v alent to ne w in perf or mance or may hav e been subject to inc i dental use . W arr anty does not a pply t o defe cts r esulting f r om the f ollo w ing: a . impr oper or inadequate maintenance or cal ibrati on b . so ftwar e , int erfac ing [...]

Warranty, Regulatory, and C ontact Information 93 does cause harmf ul inter fer ence to r adio or telev ision r eception , whic h can be determine d by turning the equipme nt off and on , the user is enco ur aged to tr y to corr ect the in terfer ence b y one or more of the follo w ing m easures: • Reor ient or r elocate the recei v ing antenna. [...]

Warranty, Regulatory, and Contact Information 94 • Lo w V oltage Dir ecti v e 2006/9 5/E C • EMC Dir ec tiv e 200 4/1 08/E C Co mpliance w ith these dir ec tiv es im plies conf ormity to applicable har moni z ed E ur opean standar ds (E ur opean Norms) w hic h ar e listed on the E U Dec larati on of C onf ormity issued b y Hew lett- P ack ar d [...]

Warranty, Regulatory, and C ontact Information 95 info rmatio n about wher e y ou can dr op off y our waste equipment fo r rec yc ling, please contact your loca l city office , your househ old waste disp osal ser vice or the sho p where y ou pu r chased the pr oduct . P erc hlor ate Mater ial - s pec ial handling ma y appl y T his calc ulator'[...]

Warranty, Regulatory, and Contact Information 96 Chin a 中国 8 0 0 - 82 0 - 96 69 Co l o m b i a 0 1 - 8 0 0 0 - 5 1 - 4 7 4 6 - 8368 ( 0 1 - 8 0 0 0 - 5 1 - H P I N V E N T ) C o s t a R i c a 0- 8 0 0- 0 1 1 -0 5 2 4 Croati a www .hp .com/su pport Cur aca o 00 1 -800-8 7 2 - 2 8 8 1 + 8 00 - 7 1 1 - 2 8 84 Cz ech R epublic Č eská republik aik[...]

Warranty, Regulatory, and C ontact Information 97 Jamai ca 1 -800- 7 1 1- 2 8 8 4 Japan 日本 005 3 1 - 8 6 -00 1 1 K a z akhstan www .hp .com/support Latv ia www .hp.com/su pport Lebano n ww w .hp.co m/support Li thuania www .hp.com/su pport Luxem b ou rg 2 7 30 2 1 46 Malay sia 1 800 - 88-8 5 8 8 Martinica 0 -800 -99 0 -0 1 1; 8 77 - 2 1 9-8 6 7[...]

Warranty, Regulatory, and Contact Information 98 Serb ia www .hp .com/suppo rt Singapor e 6 2 7 2 -5 300 Slov akia www .hp.co m/support Sout h Afric a 08009804 1 0 South Kor ea 한국 00 7 98-8 6 2 -030 5 Spain España 913 7 5 3 3 8 2 St Ki t ts & N evis 1 -8 00 -7 1 1- 2 8 8 4 S t L u c i a 1 -8 00-4 7 8-4 6 0 2 St M a r te en 1 - 80 0 -7 1 1-[...]

Warranty, Regulatory, and C ontact Information 99 Viet n a m Viê t N am +6 5-6 2 7 2 -5 3 00 Z ambia www .hp.co m/support T able 1 5- 1 Contac t Information Country/Region Contact[...]

Warranty, Regulatory, and Contact Information 100[...]

1 Symbols A Algebraic mode 12 Amortization 29 Amortization menu 29 creating a schedule 31 menu and menu items 30 resetting menu to defaults 32 Angular mode degrees or radian s 3 Annunciators 6 B Battery low battery symbol 1 replacing the batteries 91 Black-Scholes Black-Scholes menu 52 call price 53 dividend 53 example 54 put price 53 resetting men[...]

2 Calendar setting, Actual or Cal. 360 4 cash 38 Cash flow analyzing with IRR and NPV 41 diagram, descrip tion of 27 editing 41 erasing lists and resetting to defaults 38 example 38 IRR and NPV menu items 41 keys used 38 lists 37 sample cash flow diagram s 46 Chain mode 12 checksum 78 Combinations 21 D Date calculation example 57 Date Calculat ion [...]

3 E Error messages 89 F FMRR 41 example 44 I Insert and delete keys 38 Interest Conversion Interest Conversion menu 33 resetting the menu to defaults 34 using P/YR and C/YR 33 Internal rate of return 41 Investment Rate 41 K Key ANS, last operation, last number 19 change sign 11 cosine 19 equals 6 factorial 19 input key 6 insert and del ete 38 LN, n[...]

4 Math Math menu 18 Menu Black-Scholes menu 51 Bond menu 47 Break-even menu 59 Data menu 70 Date Calculat ion menu 57 Depreciation menu 65 Math menu 19 Mode menu, setting preferences and number format 2 NPV and IRR menus 41 Percent Calculation menu 61 Reset menu 7 Statistics menu 70 Time Value of Money keys 27 messages 84 MIRR 41 example 44 mode se[...]

5 Programming 75, 76, 78, 79, 83, 84, 85, 86 Decrement, skip 83 display 83 editing programs 80 erasing 80 example 77 executing 80 Program menu 75 R/S pause and return 83 solve 87 sub-function call 82 test and jump 81 R reassigning me nu functions 79 Recall number 24 Reverse Polish Notation see RPN 13 RPN description of 13 example 15 manipulating th[...]

6 T Thousands separator 3 Time Value of Money see TVM 27 TVM begin mode 28 Canadian Mortgage example 35 end mode 28 example 28 future value 28 keys 28 nominal interest rate 28 number of payments 28 number of payments per year 28 periodic payment value 28 present value 28 setting for TVM Standard or TVM Ca nada 4 storing and recalling with TVM keys [...]