Intel MultiProcessor manuale d’uso

MultiProcessor Specification Version 1. 4 May 1997[...]

THIS SPECIFICATION IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITH NO WARRANTIES WHATSOEVER, INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR ANY WARRANTY OTHERWISE ARISING OUT OF ANY PROPOSAL, SPECIFICATION OR SAMPLE. A license is hereby granted to copy and reproduce this specification for internal use only. No other license, e[...]

iii Revision History Revision Revision History Date Pre-release Version 1.0. Formerly called “PC+MP Specification” 10/27/93 -001 Version 1.1. Resolves conflicts with MCA-based systems. The following changes have been made: 1. Two MP feature information bytes were moved from the BIOS System Configuration Table to the RESERVED area of the MP Floa[...]

[...]

v Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Goals ........................................................................................................ 1-1 1.2 Features of the Specification .................................................................... 1-2 1.3 Scope........................................................................[...]

Contents vi 3.6.6 APIC Identification ..................................................................... 3-13 3.6.7 APIC Interval Timers .................................................................. 3-13 3.6.8 Multiple I/O APIC Configurations ............................................... 3-13 3.7 RESET Support ............................[...]

Contents vii Appendix A System BIOS Programming Guidelines A.1 BIOS Post Initialization ............................................................................ A-1 A.2 Controlling the Application Processors .................................................... A-2 A.3 Programming the APIC for Virtual Wire Mode ..................................[...]

Contents viii Figures 1-1. Conceptual Overview ...................................................................... 1-1 1-2. Memory Layout Conventions .......................................................... 1-4 2-1. Multiprocessor System Architecture................................................ 2-2 2-2. APIC Configuration ..................[...]

Contents ix 4-6. Feature Flags from CPUID Instruction ............................................ 4-9 4-7. Bus Entry Fields ............................................................................ 4-10 4-8. Bus Type String Values................................................................. 4-11 4-9. I/O APIC Entry Fields ..................[...]

[...]

Version 1.4 1-1 1 Introduction The MultiProcessor Specification, hereafter known as the “MP specification,” defines an enhancement to the standard to which PC manufacturers design DOS-compatible systems. MP-capable operating systems will be able to run without special customization on multiprocessor systems that comply with this specification. [...]

MultiProcessor Specification 1-2 Version 1.4 1.2 Features of the Specification The MP specification includes the following features: • A multiprocessor extension to the PC/AT platform that runs all existing uniprocessor shrink- wrapped binaries, as well as MP binaries. • Support for symmetric multiprocessing with one or more processors that are[...]

Introduction Version 1.4 1-3 In addition to the hardware requirements, this document also specifies MP features that are visible to the BIOS and operating system. However, it is important to understand that as hardware technology progresses, the functions performed by the BIOS may change in accordance with the hardware technology. ONLY THE INTERFAC[...]

MultiProcessor Specification 1-4 Version 1.4 1.6 Conventions Used in This Document Signal names that are followed by the character # represent active low signals. For example, FERR# is active when at its low-voltage state. Throughout this document, the Intel 82489DX APIC is referred to as the “discrete APIC.” The term “integrated APIC” is u[...]

Version 1.4 2-1 2 System O verview In the realm of multiprocessor architectures, there are several conceptual models for tying together computing elements, and there are a variety of interconnection schemes and details of implementation. Figure 2-1 shows the general structure of a design based on the MP specification. The MP specification’s model[...]

MultiProcessor Specification 2-2 V ersion 1.4 HIGH-BANDWIDTH MEMORY BUS API C ADV ANCE D P RO G RAM M ABL E I NTE RRUPT C O NTROL LE R I CC I NTE RRUPT C O NTROL LE R COM M UNI CATI ONS CPU CPU CPU SHARED MEMORY MODULE GRAPHICS FRAME BUFFER I/O INTERFACE APIC I/O INTERFACE APIC ICC BUS I/O EXPANSION BUS I/O EXPANSION BUS Figure 2-1. Multiprocessor [...]

System Overview Version 1.4 2-3 only during the initialization and shutdown processes. The BSP is responsible for initializing the system and for booting the operating system; APs are activated only after the operating system is up and running. CPU1 is designated as the BSP. CPU2, CPU3, and so on, are designated as the APs. ICC BUS LOCAL APIC 1 CPU[...]

MultiProcessor Specification 2-4 V ersion 1.4 The local APIC units also provide interprocessor interrupts (IPIs), which allow any processor to interrupt any other processor or set of processors. There are several types of IPIs. Among them, the INIT IPI and the STARTUP IPI are specifically designed for system startup and shutdown. Each local APIC ha[...]

System Overview Version 1.4 2-5 2.2 BIOS Overview A BIOS functions as an insulator between the hardware on one hand, and the operating system and applications software on the other. A standard uniprocessor BIOS performs the following functions: • Tests system components. • Builds configuration tables to be used by the operating system. • Init[...]

[...]

Version 1.4 3-1 3 Hardware Specificat ion This section outlines the minimal set of common hardware features necessary for the operating system to operate on multiple hardware platforms. The MP hardware specification defines how the components mentioned in Chapter 2 are implemented. Compliance to the specification involves the following aspects of h[...]

MultiProcessor Specification 3-2 V ersion 1.4 SYST EM- BASED MEMO R Y VIDE O BUFFER ROM EX TEN SIONS EXPANSION ROM SHAD OWE D EXPANSIO N BIO S SHAD OWE D BIO S EXT END ED ME MO R Y R EG IO N I/O APIC LOCAL APIC BIOS PR OM 0000_ 0000H 000A_ 0000H 000C_ 0000H 000D_0000H 000E_ 0000H 000F_0 000H 0010_ 0000H FEC0_0 000H FED0_0 000H FEE0_0 000H FE F0_0 0[...]

Hardware Specification Version 1.4 3-3 Table 3-1. Memory Cacheability Map Addresses (in hex) Size Description Shared by All Processors? Cacheable? Comment 0000_0000h – 0009_FFFFh 640KB Main memory Yes Yes 000A_0000h – 000B_FFFFh 128KB Display buffer for video adapters Yes No 000C_0000h – 000D_FFFFh 128KB ROM BIOS for add-on cards Yes Yes 000E[...]

MultiProcessor Specification 3-4 V ersion 1.4 3.3 External Cache Subsystem Intel-compatible processors support multiprocessing both on the processor bus and on a memory bus, both with and without secondary cache units. Due to the high bandwidth demands of multiprocessor systems, external caches are often employed to improve performance. The existen[...]

Hardware Specification Version 1.4 3-5 operations over its internal shared memory bus, if it is AT compatible. Operating system and software developers must ensure that data is aligned if locked access is required, because lock operations on misaligned data are not guaranteed to work on all platforms . 3.5 Posted Memory Write When controlling I/O d[...]

MultiProcessor Specification 3-6 V ersion 1.4 Table 3-2. APIC Versions APIC Type Local APIC Version Register (hexadecimal) Integrated APIC Features 82489DX APIC 0x Integrated APIC, i.e., Pentium processors (73590, 815100) 1x STARTUP IPI. See Appendix B.4.2 for details. Programmable interrupt input polarity NOTE: x is a 4-bit hexadecimal number. T[...]

Hardware Specification Version 1.4 3-7 The first two interrupt modes, PIC Mode and Virtual Wire Mode, provide PC/AT-compatibility. At least one of these modes must be implemented in systems that comply with the MP specification. In these modes, full DOS compatibility with the uniprocessor PC/AT is provided by using the APICs in conjunction with sta[...]

MultiProcessor Specification 3-8 V ersion 1.4 LINTIN0 LINTIN1 NMI NMI INTR CPU 1 LINTIN0 LINTIN1 LINTIN0 LINTIN1 NMI INTR CPU 2 NMI INTR CPU 3 REG. MARK BSP AP1 AP2 LOCAL APIC 1 LOCAL APIC 2 LOCAL APIC 3 RESE T LINTIN 0 LINTIN1 ICC BUS IMCR E0 INTR I/O APIC 8259A- EQUIVALENT PICS INTERRUPT INPUTS SHADED AREAS INDICATE UNUSED CIRCUITS. DOTTED LINE S[...]

Hardware Specification Version 1.4 3-9 3.6.2.2 Virtual Wire Mode Virtual Wire Mode provides a uniprocessor hardware environment capable of booting and running all DOS shrink-wrapped software. In Virtual Wire Mode, as shown in Figure 3-3, the 8259A-equivalent PIC fields all interrupts, and the local APIC of the BSP becomes a virtual wire, which deli[...]

MultiProcessor Specification 3-10 V ersion 1.4 Figure 3-3 shows how Virtual Wire Mode can be implemented through the BSP’s local APIC. It is also permissible to program the I/O APIC for Virtual Wire Mode, as shown in Figure 3-4. In this case the interrupt signal passes through both the I/O APIC and the BSP’s local APIC. LINTIN0 LINTIN1 NMI NMI [...]

Hardware Specification Version 1.4 3-11 3.6.2.3 Symmetric I/O Mode Some MP operating systems operate in Symmetric I/O Mode. This mode requires at least one I/O APIC to operate. In this mode, I/O interrupts are generated by the I/O APIC. All 8259 interrupt lines are either masked or work together with the I/O APIC in a mixed mode. See Figure 3-5 for[...]

MultiProcessor Specification 3-12 V ersion 1.4 3.6.3 Assignment of System Interrupts to the APIC Local Unit The APIC local unit has two general-purpose interrupt inputs, which are reserved for system interrupts. These interrupt inputs can be individually programmed to different operating modes. Like the I/O APIC interrupt lines, the local APIC inte[...]

Hardware Specification Version 1.4 3-13 3.6.6 APIC Identification Systems developers must assign APIC local unit IDs and ensure that all are unique. There are two acceptable ways to assign local APIC IDs, as follows: • By hardware. The ID of each APIC local unit is sampled from the appropriate pins at RESET. • By the BIOS. Software can override[...]

MultiProcessor Specification 3-14 V ersion 1.4 REG. MARK I/O APIC 1 8259A- EQUIVALENT PICS NON-ISA INTERRUPT INTERRUPT ROUTING NETWORK I/O APIC 2 ICC BUS INTR/LINT0 ISA INTERRUPT Figure 3-6. Multiple I/O APIC Configurations 3.7 RESET Support To bring all circuitry in a computer system to an initial state, computer systems require a system- wide res[...]

Hardware Specification Version 1.4 3-15 or by the front panel reset button (if the system is so equipped). This type of reset operates without regard to cycle boundaries, and, for example, is connected to the RESET pin of Pentium processors. 3.7.2 System-wide INIT The system-wide INIT, as defined by this specification, refers to a soft or warm rese[...]

MultiProcessor Specification 3-16 V ersion 1.4 3.8 System Initial State The system initial state is the state before the BIOS gives control to the operating system. It is identical to the system initial state of a typical PC/AT system, with the additional MP components in the following state: 1. All local APICs are disabled, except for the local AP[...]

Version 1.4 4-1 4 MP Configuration Table The operating system must have access to some information about the multiprocessor configuration. The MP specification provides two methods for passing this information to the operating system: a minimal method for configurations that conform to one of a set of common hardware defaults, and a maximal method [...]

MultiProcessor Specification 4-2 Version 1.4 The following two data structures are used: 1. The MP Floating Pointer Structure . This structure contains a physical address pointer to the MP configuration table and other MP feature information bytes. When present, this structure indicates that the system conforms to the MP specification. This structu[...]

MP Configuration Table Version 1.4 4- 3 4.1 MP Floating Pointer Structure An MP-compliant system must implement the MP floating pointer structure, which is a variable length data structure in multiples of 16 bytes. Currently, only one 16-byte data structure is defined. It must span a minimum of 16 contiguous bytes, beginning on a 16-byte boundary, [...]

MultiProcessor Specification 4-4 Version 1.4 Table 4-1. MP Floating Pointer Structure Fields (continued) Field Offset (in bytes:bits) Length (in bits) Description MP FEATURE INFORMATION BYTE 1 11 8 Bits 0-7: MP System Configuration Type. When these bits are all zeros, the MP configuration table is present. When nonzero, the value indicates which de[...]

MP Configuration Table Version 1.4 4-5 4.2 MP Configuration Table Header Figure 4-3 shows the format of the header of the MP configuration table, and Table 4-2 explains each of the fields. SPEC_ REV BASE TABLE LENGTH P (50 h) P (50 h) M (4Dh) C (43h) SIGNATURE 00H 04H CHECK SUM OE M TA BL E PO INTE R OEM TA BLE SIZE MEM ORY-M APPED AD DRESS OF LOCA[...]

MultiProcessor Specification 4-6 Version 1.4 Table 4-2. MP Configuration Table Header Fields Field Offset (in bytes) Length (in bits) Description SIGNATURE 0 3 2 The ASCII string representation of “PCMP,” which confirms the presence of the table. BASE TABLE LENGTH 4 16 The length of the base configuration table in bytes, including the header, s[...]

MP Configuration Table Version 1.4 4-7 Table 4-3. Base MP Configuration Table Entry Types Entry Description Entry Type Code* Length (in bytes) Comments Processor 0 20 One entry per processor. Bus 1 8 One entry per bus. I/O APIC 2 8 One entry per I/O APIC. I/O Interrupt Assignment 3 8 One entry per bus interrupt source. Local Interrupt Assignment 4 [...]

MultiProcessor Specification 4-8 Version 1.4 Table 4-4. Processor Entry Fields Field Offset (in bytes:bits) Length (in bits) Description ENTRY TYPE 0 8 A value of 0 identifies a processor entry. LOCAL APIC ID 1 8 The local APIC ID number for the particular processor. LOCAL APIC VERSION # 2 8 Bits 0–7 of the local APIC’s version register. CPU FL[...]

MP Configuration Table Version 1.4 4-9 Table 4-5. Intel486 and Pentium Processor Signatures Family Model Stepping a Description 0000 0000 0000 Not a valid CPU signature. 0100 0000 and 0001 xxxx Intel486 DX Processor 0100 0010 xxxx Intel486 SX Processor 0100 0011 xxxx Intel487 Processor 0100 0011 xxxx IntelDX2™ Processor 0100 0100 xxxx Intel486 SL[...]

MultiProcessor Specification 4-10 Version 1.4 4.3.2 Bus Entries Bus entries identify the kinds of buses in the system. Because there may be more than one bus in a system, each bus is assigned a unique bus ID number by the BIOS. The bus ID number is used by the operating system to associate interrupt lines with specific buses. Figure 4-5 shows the f[...]

MP Configuration Table Version 1.4 4-11 Table 4-8. Bus Type String Values Bus Type String Description CBUS Corollary CBus CBUSII Corollary CBUS II EISA Extended ISA FUTURE IEEE FutureBus INTERN Internal bus ISA Industry Standard Architecture MBI Multibus I MBII Multibus II MCA Micro Channel Architecture MPI MPI MPSA MPSA NUBUS Apple Macintosh NuBus[...]

MultiProcessor Specification 4-12 Version 1.4 4.3.3 I/O APIC Entries The configuration table contains one or more entries for I/O APICs. Figure 4-6 shows the format of each I/O APIC entry, and Table 4-9 explains each field. 00H 04H 31 0 7 8 15 16 23 24 31 0 7 8 15 16 23 24 ENTRY TYPE 2 I/O APIC ID I/O APIC VERSION # MEMORY-MAPPED ADDRESS OF I/O API[...]

MP Configuration Table Version 1.4 4-13 2. No Interrupt Assignment Entries are declared for any of the bus source interrupts, and the operating system uses some other bus-specific knowledge of bus interrupt schemes in order to support the bus. This operating system bus-specific knowledge is beyond the scope of this specification. 00H 04H 31 0 7 8 1[...]

MultiProcessor Specification 4-14 Version 1.4 Table 4-10. I/O Interrupt Entry Fields Field Offset (in bytes:bits) Length (in bits) Description ENTRY TYPE 0 8 Entry type 3 identifies an I/O interrupt entry. INTERRUPT TYPE 1 8 See Table 4-11 for values. PO 2:0 2 Polarity of APIC I/O input signals: 00 = Conforms to specifications of bus (for example, [...]

MP Configuration Table Version 1.4 4-15 Table 4-11. Interrupt Type Values Interrupt Type* Description Comments 0 INT Signal is a vectored interrupt; vector is supplied by APIC redirection table. 1 NMI Signal is a nonmaskable interrupt. 2 SMI Signal is a system management interrupt. 3 ExtINT Signal is a vectored interrupt; vector is supplied by exte[...]

MultiProcessor Specification 4-16 Version 1.4 Table 4-12. Local Interrupt Entry Fields Field Offset (in bytes:bits) Length (in bits) Description ENTRY TYPE 0 8 Entry type 4 identifies a local interrupt entry. INTERRUPT TYPE 1 8 See Table 4-11 for values PO 2:0 2 Polarity of APIC local input signals: 00 = Conforms to specifications of bus (for examp[...]

MP Configuration Table Version 1.4 4-17 4.4 E xtended MP C onfiguration Table E ntries A variable number of variable-length entries are located in memory, immediately following entries in the base section of the MP configuration table described in Section 4.3. Thes e entries compose the extended section of the MP configuration table. Each entry in [...]

MultiProcessor Specification 4-18 Version 1.4 4.4.1 System Address Space Mapping Entries System Address Space Mapping entries define the system addresses that are visible on a particular bus. Each b us defined in the Base Table can have any number of System Address Space Mapping entries included in the Extended Table . Thus, individual buses can be[...]

MP Configuration Table Version 1.4 4-19 Table 4-14. System Address Space Mapping Entry Fields Field Offset (in bytes:bits) Length (in bits) Description ENTRY TYPE 0 8 Entry type 128 identifies a System Address Space Mapping Entry. ENTRY LENGTH 1 8 A value of 20 indicates that an entry of this type is twenty bytes long. BUS ID 2 8 The BUS ID for the[...]

MultiProcessor Specification 4-20 Version 1.4 Figure 4-10. Example System with Multiple Bus Types and Bridge Types Since all device settings must fall within supported System Address Space mapping for a given bus in order to be usable by the operating system, buses that do not support dynamically configurable devices (i.e., ISA, EISA) should su ppo[...]

MP Configuration Table Version 1.4 4-21 4.4.2 Bus Hierarchy Descriptor Entry If present, Bus Hierarchy Descriptor entries define how I/O buses are connected relative to each other in a system with more than one I/O bus. Bus Hierarchy Descriptors are used to supplement System Address Mapping entries to describe how addresses propagate to particular [...]

MultiProcessor Specification 4-22 Version 1.4 Table 4-15 Bus Hierarchy Descriptor Entry Fields Field Offset (in bytes:bits) Length (in bits) Description ENTRY TYPE 0 8 Entry type 129 identifies a Bus Hierarchy Descriptor Entry. ENTRY LENGTH 1 8 A value of 8 indicates that this entry type is eight bytes long. BUS ID 2 8 The BUS ID identity of this b[...]

MP Configuration Table Version 1.4 4-23 For example, a host bus bridge for a PCI bus that provides ISA compatibility may decode a predefined range of addresses used for ISA device support in addition to the addresses used for PCI devices on that bus. A Compatibility Bus Address Space Modifier can be used in this case to add these predefined address[...]

MultiProcessor Specification 4-24 Version 1.4 Table 4-16. Compatibility Bus Address Space Modifier Entry Fields Field Offset (in bytes:bits) Length (in bits) Description ENTRY TYPE 0 8 Entry type 130 identifies a Compatibility Bus Address Space Modifier Entry. ENTRY LENGTH 1 8 A value of 8 indicates that an entry of this type is eight bytes long. B[...]

Version 1.4 5-1 5 Default Configurations The MP specification defines several default MP system configurations. The purpose of these defaults is to simplify BIOS design. If a system conforms to one of the default configurations, the BIOS will not need to provide the MP configuration table. The operating system will have the default MP configuration[...]

MultiProcessor Specification 5-2 V ersion 1.4 Table 5-1. Default Configurations Default Config Code Number of CPUs Bus Type APIC Type Variant Schematic 1 2 ISA 82489DX As in Figure 5-1, but without EISA logic. 2 2 EISA 82489DX Neither timer IRQ 0 nor DMA chaining As in Figure 5-1, but without IRQ0 and IRQ13 connection to the I/O APIC. 3 2 EISA 8248[...]

Default Configurations Version 1.4 5-3 B C D A 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 IRQ1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 I/O 82489DX APIC MASTER 8259A PIC SLAVE 8259A PIC IRQ8# 14 15 14 15 8254 TIMER 9 10 11 9 10 11 IRQ3-7, 9-12,14,15 IRQ13 EISA DMA CHAINING FERR# IGNNE# ICC BUS INTR FERR SAMPLING PRST PNMI PINT LINTIN0 LINTIN1 NMI RESET NMI RESET[...]

MultiProcessor Specification 5-4 V ersion 1.4 The INTA TRAP and GLUE in the figure are the additional hardware interface logic needed for the 82489DX APIC. INTA TRAP conditions all interrupt acknowledge cycles with ExtINTA to steer the vector either from the 8259A PIC or the APIC. INTA TRAP is also responsible for preventing the interrupt acknowled[...]

Default Configurations Version 1.4 5-5 A B C 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 IRQ1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 I/O APIC MASTER 8259A PIC SLAVE 8259A PIC IRQ8# INT8 14 15 14 15 8254 TIMER 9 10 11 9 10 11 3 4 5 6 7 3 4 5 6 7 INTR NMI REG. MARK LOCAL APIC LOCAL APIC APICEN PENTIUM (73590, 815100) CPU2 BSP AP INIT SMI# ICC BUS INTR/ LINT0 NM[...]

MultiProcessor Specification 5-6 V ersion 1.4 should be cross-connected between the BSP and AP processors. Although the INIT pin is cross- connected between BSP and AP, a targeted INIT IPI initializes only the targeted processor, because the INIT IPI does not cause the INIT pin to change state. The interconnection of I/O APIC interrupt lines is the[...]

Default Configurations Version 1.4 5-7 Certain EISA chipsets do not bring out the IRQ0, 8254 timer interrupt, and IRQ13 EISA DMA chaining interrupt signals. If these signals are not directly available, INTIN2 and INTIN13 should be disabled. Refer to Section 5.3.1 for more details. 5.3.1 EISA and IRQ13 IRQ13 is a shared interrupt as defined in the E[...]

MultiProcessor Specification 5-8 V ersion 1.4 The 8259A INTR output signal is connected to the LINTIN0 of all local APICs, which makes INTR dynamically routable via software. NMI is connected to the LINTIN1 of all local APICs, which makes NMI dynamically routable via software. In PIC-Mode configurations, the NMI signal is delivered to the local int[...]

Version 1.4 A-1 A System BIOS Progr amming Guidelines Depending on the MP components in a multiprocessor system, the system BIOS may have the following additional responsibilities: 1. Put the APs to sleep, so that they do not all try to execute the same BIOS code as the BSP. This is necessary, because BIOS code is not typically multithreaded for mu[...]

MultiProcessor Specification A-2 Version 1.4 A.2 Controlling the Application Processors Provision must be made to prevent all processors from executing the BIOS after a power-on RESET. System developers may choose to do this by the hardware alone or by cooperation between hardware and the BIOS. In the latter case, the BIOS may be used for selecting[...]

System BIOS Programming Guidelines Version 1.4 A-3 ;-----------------------------------------------------------------------; ; InitLocalAPIC( ) ; ;-----------------------------------------------------------------------; ; ; ; Initialize the local APIC to virtual wire mode. ; ; ; ;---------------------------------------------------------------------[...]

MultiProcessor Specification A-4 Version 1.4 mov esi,LVT1 mov eax,[esi] ; read LVT1 and eax,0FFFE 00 FFH ; not masked, edge, active high or eax,00000 5 700H ; ExtInt mov [esi],eax ; write LVT1 ; ; Program LVT2 as NMI, which delivers the signal on the NMI signal of all ; processors' cores listed in the destination. ; mov esi,LVT2 mov eax,[esi] [...]

System BIOS Programming Guidelines Version 1.4 A-5 The BSP is responsible for positioning the MP configuration table. The table can be located within any unreported, hidden system memory space or within the BIOS ROM region. The BIOS can select any unused space in those regions. For example, some PC/AT systems implement the Extended BIOS Data Segmen[...]

[...]

Version 1.4 B-1 B Operat ing System Progr amming Guidelines The goal of the MP specification is to transfer enough information about the hardware environment to the operating system that a single, shrink-wrapped, operating-system binary can boot-up and fully utilize a wide variety of multiprocessor systems. The following sections explain how the op[...]

MultiProcessor Specification B-2 V ersion 1.4 The operating system ’s first task is to determine whether the system conforms to the MP specification. This is done by searching for the MP floating pointer structure. If a valid floating point er structure is detected , it indicates that the system is MP-compliant, and the operating system should co[...]

Operating System Programming Guidelines Version 1.4 B-3 Then the operating system should enable its own local APIC, thereby allowing IPI communications with other APIC-based processors. At this time, the APs’ local APICs have interrupts disabled. Interrupts must remain disabled at the APs’ local APICs while the BSP is enabling the I/O APIC and [...]

MultiProcessor Specification B-4 V ersion 1.4 A period of 20 microseconds should be sufficient for IPI dispatch to complete under normal operating conditions. If the IPI is not successfully dispatched, the operating system can abort the command. Alternatively, the operating system can retry the IPI by writing the lower 32-bit double word of the ICR[...]

Operating System Programming Guidelines Version 1.4 B-5 By putting an appropriate pointer in the warm-reset vector, setting the shutdown code to 0Ah, then causing an INIT, the BIOS (or the operating system) can cause the current processor to jump immediately to any location. Because all processors in an MP system share the same system memory, and b[...]

MultiProcessor Specification B-6 V ersion 1.4 of an INIT IPI used to shut down an AP . As a result, the operating system must ensure that any required state information is captured and that caches are flushed as necessary before sending the INIT IPI. In order to do a complete system shutdown, followed by a warm restart if necessary, the o perating [...]

Operating System Programming Guidelines Version 1.4 B-7 interrupt. The distributed APIC architecture, by its nature, is more vulnerable to spurious interrupt, because the device interrupt may be latched and recognized without the INTA cycle. To ensure that spurious interrupts are handled properly, it is strongly recommended that the device drivers [...]

[...]

Version 1.4 C-1 C System Compliance Checklist Any "NO" answer indicates non-compliance. Condition YES NO 1. PC/AT Compatibility Does system contain all necessary MP-compatible circuitry? Will system boot and run DOS and Microsoft Windows? 2. Memory Subsystem Are system memory address map, cacheability, and shareability consistent with def[...]

[...]

Version 1.4 D-1 D Multiple I/O APIC Multiple PCI Bus Systems The information in this specification describes the majority of multiprocessor systems. This appendix provides clarifications for implementors who are considering designs with more than one I/O APIC. In particular, a number of proposed systems will incorporate multiple I/O APICs in order [...]

MultiProcessor Specification D-2 Version 1.4 If IMCR is implemented but the system includes one or more I/O APICs that are not controlled through IMCR, the hardware must accomplish routing changes for such I/O APICs by some other means when the system switches into symmetric I/O mode. These routing changes must be done without requiring any additio[...]

Multiple I/O APIC Multiple PCI Bus Systems Version 1.4 D-3 Fixed interrupt routing also implies a restriction on software that is implicit but important in the context of systems with more than one I/O APIC. The operating system must program I/O APICs to handle only the interrupts for which the MP configuration table contains corresponding I/O inte[...]

[...]

Version 1.4 E-1 E Errata The following sections provided here are intended to replace the corresponding sections in the main body of the specification. The sections provided here are shown in their entirety to provide context for the changes. Changes contained below are marked with double underlined text which shows changes relative to the version [...]

MultiProcessor Specification E-2 Version 1.4 Table 4-1. MP Floating Pointer Structure Fields Field Offset (in bytes:bits) Length (in bits) Description SIGNATURE 0 32 The ASCII string represented by “_MP_” which serves as a search key for locating the pointer structure. PHYSICAL ADDRESS POINTER 4 32 The address of the beginning of the MP configu[...]

MP Configuration Table Version 1.4 E-3 information byte 2, the IMCR present bit, is used by the operating system to determine whether PIC Mode or Virtual Wire Mode is implemented by the system. The physical address pointer field contains the address of the beginning of the MP configuration table. If it is nonzero, the MP configuration table can be [...]

MultiProcessor Specification E-4 Version 1.4 Table 4-14. System Address Space Mapping Entry Fields Field Offset (in bytes:bits) Length (in bits) Description ENTRY TYPE 0 8 Entry type 128 identifies a System Address Space Mapping Entry. ENTRY LENGTH 1 8 A value of 20 indicates that an entry of this type is twenty bytes long. BUS ID 2 8 The BUS ID fo[...]

MP Configuration Table Version 1.4 E-5 Since all device settings must fall within supported System Address Space mapping for a given bus in order to be usable by the operating system, buses that do not support dynamically configurable devices (i.e., ISA, EISA) should support all possible addresses to that bus. In general, the MP configuration table[...]

MultiProcessor Specification E-6 Version 1.4 31 0 3 74 8 11 12 15 16 19 20 23 24 27 28 00H 04H ENTRY LENGTH ENT R Y TY PE 129 BUS ID BUS INFO RESER VED PARE NT BU S S D 31 0 3 74 8 11 12 15 16 19 20 23 24 27 28 RESERVED Figure 4-11. Bus Hierarchy Descriptor Entry Table 4-15 Bus Hierarchy Descriptor Entry Fields Field Offset (in bytes:bits) Length ([...]

Version 1.4 Glossary-1 Glossary 82489DX: The 82489DX Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller (APIC). 8259A: The 8259A Programmable Interrupt Controller (PIC) or its equivalent. AP: Application processor, one of the processors not responsible for system initialization. APIC: Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller, either the 82489DX APIC or t[...]

MultiProcessor Specification Glossary-2 Version 1.4 PIC Mode: One of three interrupt modes defined by the MP specification. In this mode the APICs are effectively disabled, while interrupts are generated by 8259A-equivalent PICs and delivered directly to the BSP. This is a uniprocessor compatibility mode. POST: Power-On Self Test, the first BIOS pr[...]

Order Number: 242016-00 6 Printed in U.S.A.[...]