LevelOne GSW-2600TXM manuale d’uso

LevelOne GSW -2600TXM Intelligent Switch User ’ s Guide Multilayer 24-Port Intelligent Fast Ethernet Switch with 24 10BASE-T / 100BASE-TX (RJ-45) Ports, and 2 Slots for Optional Gigabit Uplink Modules (RJ-45 / FIBER)[...]

2 Before Usin g this Man ual: This manual is suitable for the user of the manage ment or intellig ent switch. There are some shadow pa rt s remarking in this manual, meaning only the display of the intelligent switch. Note: Intelligent switch can work in Layer 2 mo de or Multilayer mode, but Management switch only works i n layer 2 mode. LevelOne G[...]

3 2.4.3.2. Configuring IP T rap M anagers .. ........... ........ ........... ......... ........... 24 2.4.4. User Log-in Configuration .......... ........... ........... ......... .......... ........... ....... 25 2.4.5. Downloading System Software .... ......... ........... ......... .......... ........... ....... 27 2.4.6. Saving or Restoring th[...]

4 2.6.4. Displaying VLAN Information .......... .......... ........... ........... ......... ........... .. 84 2.6.4.1. VLAN Dynamic Registration Inform ation .... ........... ......... ........... .. 85 2.6.4.2. VLAN Forwarding Information ......... ........... ........... ......... ........... .. 86 2.6.5. IP Mu lticast Registrat ion T able . ...[...]

5 3.6.2.4. S tatic Unicast Address T able ..... ........... ........ ........... ........... ....... 126 3.6.2.5. Configuring the S tatic Multicast Address T able ................ ......... 126 3.6.3. Using the Bridge Menu ...... ........... ........... ......... ........... ........... ........ ..... 127 3.6.3.1. Configuring Global Bridge Settings[...]

6 3.8. Resetting the System ............ ........... ........... ........... ........ ........... ........... ......... 170 4. Chapter 4: Advanced T opics . ........... ........... ........... ........... ........ ........... ........... ......... 172 4.1. Layer 2 Switching ..... ......... .......... ........... ......... ........... ........... ..[...]

7 5. Appendix A: T roubleshooting ........... ........... ........... ........... ........ ........... ........... ......... 192 5.1. T roubleshooting Chart ......... ........ ........... ........... ......... ........... ........ ........... ..... 192 5.2. Upgrading Firmware via the Serial Port ........ ......... .......... ........... ...........[...]

8 7.1.29. S panning Tree Protocol (STP) ... ......... ........... ......... .......... ........... ..... 200 7.1.30. T elnet .... ........... ........... ......... ........... ........... .......... ......... ........... ......... 200 7.1.31. T rivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) ............ ........... ........... ........ ....... 200 7.1.32. Vi[...]

9 1. Switch Management 1.1.Configuration Options For advanced management capability , the onboard management agent provides a menu-driven system configuration program. This program can be accessed by a direct or modem connection to the serial port on th e rear panel (out-of-band), or by a T elnet connection over the network (in-band). The managemen[...]

10 If the default settings for the m anagement agent’s seri al port have been modified and you are having dif ficulty making a console connection, you can display or modify the current settings using a W eb browser as described under “Configuring the Serial Port” on chapter 3. 1.2.2.Remote Management Via the Console Port 1.2.2.1.Configuring t[...]

11 2. Each VLAN group can be assign ed its own IP interface address (chapter 2 “IP Configuration (Layer 2 Mode)”). Therefore, if the port connect ed to the management station has joined several VLANs, you can manage the switch via any of these IP addresses. 3. This switch supports four concurrent T elnet sessions. 4. The onboard program only pr[...]

12 2. Console Interface 2.1.Log-in Screen Once a direct connection to the serial port or a T elnet connection is established, the log-in screen for the onboard configur ation program appears as shown below . Intellig ent Switch 1 V1.00 10-19 -2001 (c) Copyright com munications Corp. Use r Name: Pas sword : 1. For Management M odel, it will display [...]

13 1. Only display when intelligent switch is set to Layer 2 mode or the switch is management m odel. 2. Only display when intelligent switch is set to multilayer mode. System Information Menu System Information Switch Information Manage ment Setup Menu Network Configuration Serial Port Configuration SNMP Configuration User Configuration TFTP Downl[...]

14 2.2.Main Menu With the system configuration progr am you can define system parameters, manage and control the switch and all its ports, or monitor network conditions. The screen below of the Main Menu and the table following it briefly describe the selections available from this program. Note: Options for the currently selected item are displaye[...]

15 SNMP Configuration Activates authentication failure trap s; configures community access strings, and trap managers. User Configuration Sets the user names and passwords for system access. TFTP Download Downloads new version of firmware to update your system (in-band). Configuration File Saves or restores configuration da ta based on the specifie[...]

16 3. Only displayed in intelligent switc h. 2.3.System Information Menu Use the System Information Menu to display a basic description of the switch, including contact information, and hardware / firmware versions. System Infor mation Menu ============ =========== System Infor mation ... Switch Infor mation ... <O K> Display Syste m Informat[...]

17 Parameter Description System Description System hardware desc ription. System Object ID MIB II object identifier for switch’ s network management subsystem. System Up T ime Length of time the current m anagement agent has been running. (Note that the first value is in centiseconds.) System Name* Name assigned to the switch system. System Conta[...]

18 console to ensure a reliable connection (Serial Port Configuration). S pecify the IP addresses for the switch (Network Configura tion / IP Configuration), and then set the Administrator and User passwords (User Configuration). Remember to record them in a safe place. Also set the community string which controls access to the onboard SNMP agent v[...]

19 Network Conf iguration ============ ========= IP Configuratio n ... IP Connectivity Test (Ping) ... HTTP Configurat ion ... <O K> Display or change t he IP configuration. Us e <TAB> or arrow keys t o move. <Enter> to sele ct. Parameter Description IP Configuration* Screen use d to set the bootup option, or configure the switch?[...]

20 IP Configuration ================ Interface Type : Ethernet IP Address : 192.168.1.254 Subnet Mask : 255.255.255.0 Gateway IP : 0.0.0.0 IP State : USER-CONFIG Mgt. Access : All VLANs < Apply> <O K> <Cance l> IP address of this system for Ethernet. | READ/WRITE Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes. P[...]

21 from a specified VLAN. If you select “Mgmt VLAN,” then select Apply to display the VLAN ID field, select the required VLAN, and then select Apply or OK to save your changes. 2.4.1.2.IP Connectivity T est (Ping) Use the IP Connectivity T est to see if another site on the Internet can be reached. The screen shown below is described in the foll[...]

22 Ne twork Configuration: HT TP Configuration == =================== HTTP Server : EN ABLED <Apply> <OK> <Cancel> Administra tive status of the HTTP server. | READ/SELECT Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, <Sp ace> to scroll options. Note: Port 80 is used for HTTP service. 2.4.2.Co nfiguring the Serial Port Y ou can acc[...]

23 Baud Rate 19200 The rate at which dat a is sent between devices. Options : 9600, 19200 and 38400 baud. Data Bit s 8 bits Sets the data bit s of the RS-232 port. Options : 7, 8 S top Bits 1 bit Sets the stop bit s of the RS-232 port. Options : 1, 2 Parity None Sets the p arity of the RS-232 port. Options : none, odd, even T imeout 0 minutes If no[...]

24 IP T rap Managers S pecifies management stations that will receive authent ication failure messages or other trap messages from the switch. 2.4.3.1.Configuring Communit y Names The following figure and table describe how to configure the community strings authorized for management access. Up to 5 community names may be enter ed. SNMP Configurati[...]

25 SNMP Configu ration: IP Trap Manager ============ ====== IP Address Com munity Name Stat us 1. 192.168.1.254 public ENABLED 2. 0.0.0.0 3. 0.0.0.0 4. 0.0.0.0 5. 0.0.0.0 < Apply> <O K> <Cancel> The IP address of entry 1. | READ/WRITE Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes. Parameter Description IP Addre[...]

26 User Confi guration ========== ======== User Na me Access Rig ht Console Telnet HTTP guest GUEST DISABLED DISABLED ENABLED admin ADMIN ENABLED ENABLED ENABLED < Add> <O K> Return to pr evious panel. Us e <TAB> or arrow keys t o move. <Enter> to sele ct. Parameter Description User Name S pecifies a user authorized manageme[...]

27 the console, T elnet or HTTP . Password* Password associated with this entry . Access Right ADMIN: Read / Write for all screens. GUEST : Read Only for all screens. Console Access Aut horizes management via the console. T elnet Access Authorizes management via T elnet. HTTP Access Authorizes management via HTTP (i.e., a Web browser). *These entri[...]

28 2.4.6.Saving or Restoring the System Configuration Use the Configuration File menu to save the swi tch configuration sett ings to a file on a TFTP client . The file can be later downloaded to the switch to restore the swit ch’ s settings. The success of the operation depends on the accessibility of the TFTP client and the quality of the networ[...]

29 2.5.Device Control Menu The Device Control menu is used t o control a broad range of functions, including port mode, port mirroring, port trunking, S panning T ree, Virtual LANs, IP subnets, multicast filtering, and routing protocols. Each of the setup screens provided by these configuration menus is described in the following sections. Device C[...]

30 includes IGMP Snooping Configu ration.) 3. Only displayed in intelligent switch. 2.5.1.Setting the System Operation Mode This switch can be set to operate as a Layer 2 switch, making all filtering and forwarding decisions based strictly on MAC addresses. Or , it can be set to operate as a multilayer routing switch, whereby it switches packets fo[...]

31 Layer 2 Menu ======== ==== Port Configurat ion ... Mirror Port Con figuration ... Port Trunking C onfiguration ... Static Unicast Address Configuration . .. Static Multicast Address Configuration ... <O K> Change the system port configuration. Us e <TAB> or arrow keys t o move. <Enter> to sele ct. Menu Description Port Configur[...]

32 Layer 2 Menu: Port Con figuration (Port 1-12) ============ Port Link Admin Auto Def ault Current Fl ow Jack Status Status Negotiate Typ e Type Control Type ---------------- ----------------------- ----------------------- --- ---------- 1 Off ENABLED ENABLED 10H DX 10HDX Of f RJ-45 2 Off ENABLED ENABLED 10H DX 10HDX Of f RJ-45 3 Off ENABLED ENABL[...]

33 The 100BASE-FX, 1000BASE-SX/LX and 1000BASE- T modules are all fixed at the indicated speed and duplex mode. All media types can auto-negotiate flow control. Default T ype 10HDX (except 100FX) If auto-negotiation is disabled, the port will be set to the indicated speed and duplex mode. Current T ype Indicates the current speed and d uplex mode. [...]

34 Layer 2 Menu: Port Configuration (Exp ansion Slots) ============ Port Link Admin Auto Cu rrent Flow FC Jack Status Status Negotiate Ty pe Control Stat us Type ---------------- ----------------------- ----------------------- --- ---------- 25 Off ENABLED ENABLED 1G SX/LX-FDX O ff Off FIBER 26 Off ENABLED ENABLED 1G SX/LX-FDX Off Off FIBER <App[...]

35 Layer 2 Menu: M irror Port Configuratio n ============ Port Mirroring : DISABLED Transmission Path Mirrored Ports Tx:7 8 9 Rx:8 9 12 23 Monitor Port Tx : 5 Monitor Port Rx : 6 < Apply> <O K> <Add> Enab le or disable port mirr or function. | READ/SELECT Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, <Space> to scroll options. Para[...]

36 When using a port trunk, remember that: • Ports can only be assigned t o one trunk. • The ports at both ends of a connection must be configured as trunk ports. • The ports at both ends of a trunk must be configured in an identical m anner , including communication mode, and VLAN assignments. • All the ports in a trunk have to be treated [...]

37 <<13, 1, 14, 2, 15, 3, 16, 4>> <<17, 5, 18, 6, 19, 7, 20, 8>> <<21, 9, 22, 10, 23, 1 1, 24, 12>> <<25, 26>> Note: For the extender modules (ports 25, 26), the possible port trunking combinations are set out below: Extender Module 1000BASE-SX/LX, 1000BASE-T Can be tr unked together , irrespective of[...]

38 Address The MAC address of a host device attached to this switch. Port The switch port to which the host device is attached. Note: T o assign a M AC address to a specific port, use <Add>. T o delete or modify an address, highlight it with the cursor and select Enter . T o scroll through the addr ess table, use the <Next Page> and <[...]

39 2.5.3.Using the Bridge Menu The Bridge menu is used t o configure settings for the S panning T ree Algorithm, as well as the global bridge settings for GMRP (GARP Multicast Registration Protocol) and GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol), t raffic class priority threshold, and address aging time. The S panning T ree Algorithm can be used to det[...]

40 Bridge Menu: Br idge Configuration =========== Spanning Tree : ENABLED GMRP : DISABLED Bridge Priority : 32768 GVRP : DISABLED Hello Time (in seconds) : 2 Priority Threshold : 4 Forward Delay (in seconds) : 15 Aging Time (in seconds) : 300 Max age (in sec onds) : 20 < Apply> <O K> <Cance l> The status of the span ning tree. | R[...]

41 Max (Message) Age 20 The maximum time (in seconds) a device can wait without receiving a configuration message before attempting to reconfigure. All device ports (except for designated port s) should receive configuration messages at regular intervals. Any port that ages out ST A information (provided in the l ast configuration message) becomes [...]

42 Sp anning Tree Port Config uration (Port 1-12) == ======================= ======= P ort Type Pri ority Cost FastForwarding ----------------- ----------------------- -------- ------- 1 100TX 1 28 19 DISAB LED 2 100TX 1 28 19 DISAB LED 3 100TX 1 28 19 DISAB LED 4 100TX 1 28 19 DISAB LED 5 100TX 1 28 19 DISAB LED 6 100TX 1 28 19 DISAB LED 7 100TX 1[...]

43 Forwarding* T ree mode for the selected port. In this mode, ports skip the Blocked, Listening and Learning states and proceed straight to Forwarding. * Since end-nodes cannot cause forwarding loops, they can be passed through the S panning T r ee state changes more quickly than allowed by standard convergence time. Fast Forwarding can achieve qu[...]

44 VLAN Menu: VLAN Port Configuration ========= GARP Configurat ion Join Time 20 Centiseconds Leave Time 60 Centiseconds Leave All Time 1000 Centiseconds VLAN and Priori ty Port VID 1 Port Default Pr iority 0 VLAN Tagging Rx All, Tx All GVRP ENABLED GMRP ENABLED Ingress Filteri ng DISABLED Port 1 <Apply> <OK> <Cance l> <Prev Po[...]

45 Port Default Priority² 0 Set the default ingress priority to any value beneath the priority threshold (chapter 2 “Configuring Global Bridge Setting”) to specify the low priority queue, or to any value equal to or above this threshold to specify the high p r iority queue. VLAN T agging³ Layer 2 - Rx All, Tx All Multilayer - Rx All, Tx Untag[...]

46 GMRP Enabled Enables or disables GMRP for this port. When enabled, this port will allow endstations to register with multicast groups using GMRP . Note that GMRP must be enabled for the switch before this setting can take effect (chapter 2 “Configuring Global Bridge Settings”). IGMP and IGMP Snooping also p rovide multicast filter ing. (See [...]

47 Port Port entries may be marked as: - : ( Norma l) Uses GVRP to determine port membership. S : ( St a t i c) Adds port as a static entry . GVRP protocol messages are still forwarded through this port. R : ( Registration Fixe d) Adds port as a static entry . GVRP pr otocol is disabled. X : ( Forbidde n) Disables GVRP for this VLAN on the specifie[...]

48 IGMP Snooping C onfiguration =============== ============ IGMP Snooping Status : DISABLED IGMP Router Timeout (Minutes) : 5 IGMP Group Timeout ( Minutes) : 5 Act as IGMP Querier : DISABLED < Apply> <O K> <Cance l> To enable or disable IGMP snoopi ng on your system. | READ/SELECT Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, <Space&[...]

49 routes, and the default IP route. IP Menu ======= Subnet Config uration ... Protocol Conf iguration ... Static ARP Co nfiguration ... Static Route ... Default Route ... <OK> Display and change the subnet configuration. Us e <TAB> or arrow keys t o move. <Enter> to sele ct. Parameter Description Subnet Configuration S pecifies t[...]

50 IP Subnet Configuratio n ====================== = Intf. IP Address Subnet Mask VL AN RIP OSPF DV MRP Status 1 192.168.1.2 54 255.255.255.0 1 DISABLED DISABLED DISABLED ON Page 1 <Apply> Total 1 Pages <OK> <Prev Page> <Next Page> <Add> The page number. | READ/WRITE Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, other keys to[...]

51 Group Configuration screen and create or modify a VLAN group (chapter 2 “ Configuring Port Groups” ). T o conf igure the unicast or multicast routing prot ocols, select the IP address for a specific interface from t he Subnet Configuration menu (chapter 2 “Subnet Configuration”), and then select “Advanced” configuration from the Modi[...]

52 Y ou can creat e a new VLAN group or modify t he members of an existing gro up by pressing “Select” on the Add Subnet screen. Port Group Conf iguration =============== ========= Port 1 2 VLAN 12345678901234567890123 456 1 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP P S: Static P: PVID Page : 1 <Apply> Total: 1 Pag es <OK> <Prev Page> <Next [...]

53 Modify Subnet ============= VLAN : 1 Select IP Address : 192.1 68.1.254 Subnet Mask : 255.2 55.255.0 Proxy ARP : DISAB LED RIP : DISAB LED Advanced ... OSPF : DISAB LED Advanced ... DVMRP : DISAB LED Advanced ... < Delete> <Apply> <OK> <Cancel> VLAN ID. | READ/WRITE Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, other keys to mak[...]

54 Subnet Configuration : Modify RIP Configurat ion ==================== Authentication Type: No Authentication Authentication Key : Send Type : RIP1 Broadcast Receive Type : RIP1 Default Metric : 0 Poison Reverse : Enabled <Apply> <O K> <Cancel> RIP authentication type. | READ/SELECT Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, <Spa[...]

55 Configuri ng OSPF Open Shortest Path First is more suited for large area networks which experience frequent changes in the links. It also allows for subnets. This protocol actively test s the status of each link to its neighbors to generate a shortest path tree, and builds a routing table based on this information. (See “OSPFv2 Dynamic Routing[...]

56 Interface Cost 100 This value is used by the router in calculating t he shortest path. The default cost is calculated by using the bandwidth of the interface. For this purpose, the bandwid th is taken as that of the highest bandwidth port in the VLAN linked to the interface. The interface cost is inversely proportional to this bandwidth. The sho[...]

57 Subnet Configuratio n: Modify DVMRP Conf iguration ==================== Metrics: : 1 Probe Interval (in s econds) : 10 Neighbor Timeout (in seconds): 35 <Apply> <O K> <Cancel> Metrics. | READ/WRITE Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes. Parameter Default Description Metrics 1 hop This value is used t[...]

58 Protocol Config uration =============== ======= ARP : Advanced ... Proxy ARP : ENABL ED RIP : ENABL ED Advanced ... OSPF : DISAB LED Advanced ... DHCP Relay : DISAB LED Advanced ... IGMP Snooping : DISAB LED Advanced ... DVMRP : ENABL ED < Apply> <O K> <Cance l> System ARP protoc ol advanced status. Us e <TAB> or arrow ke[...]

59 IP interface ”). Setting the ARP T imeout Y ou can use t he following configuration screen to modify the aging time f or dynamically learned entries in the ARP cache. ARP Configurati on =============== == ARP Timeout (Minutes ) : 20 < Apply> <O K> <Cance l> ARP timeout value ( minutes). | READ/WRITE Use <TAB> or arrow k[...]

60 RIP Update Ti m e 30 seconds The interval at which RIP advertises known route information. Range: 0-999 seconds, where 0 disables route advertisements Default Route Advertisement Disabled Enables or disables advertising this switch as a default route r . S tatic Route Advertisement Disabled Enables or disables advertisement of st atic routes. Ig[...]

61 Parameter Descript ion Router Id The switch IP that is used as the OSPF Router ID. Area ID Configuration Defines an area within which all OSPF routers actively exchange routing information to ensure that they all have an identical link state dat abase. OSPF Area Range Configuration Defines a range of subnetwork addresses. An area range is used t[...]

62 Ty p e Indicates area type: Normal An area which can send or receive external route information. S tub An area which cannot send or receive external route information. It relies on a single def ault route provided by its Area Border Router (ABR) to access destinations outside of the stub. A stub can be used to reduce the amount of topology data [...]

63 OSPF Area Rang e Configuration ============== =============== Area Identity IP Address Addres s Mask Advertiseme nt 192.168.2.0 192.168.2.0 255.25 5.255.0 Advertise 192.168.4.0 192.168.4.0 255.25 5.255.0 Advertise Page 1 <Apply> Total 1 Pages <OK> <Prev Page> <N ext Page> <Add> Use <TA B> or arrow keys to mov [...]

64 OSPF Virtual Li nk Configuration =============== ================ Area ID Neighbor Router I D Status 192.168.3.0 192.168.3.254 Down Pa ge 1 <Apply> Total 1 Page s <O K> <Prev Page> <Next Page> <Add> Add OSPF are a entry. Use < TAB> or arrow keys to m ove. <Enter> to select. Parameter Description Area ID [...]

65 Parameter Default Description Area ID An identifier for the transit area the virtual link crosses. Neighbor Router ID The IP address of the OSPF router on this end of the virtual link. T ransit Delay 1 second The estimated number of seconds it takes to transmit a link state update packet over this virtual link. Range: 0-3600 seconds Retransmit I[...]

66 OSPF Host Route Configuration ================ ============= IP Address Cost Area ID Page 1 <Apply> Total 0 Pages <OK> <Prev Page> < Next Page> <Add> The page numb er. |READ/WRITE Use <TAB> or arrow keys t o move, other keys to make chang es. Parameter Descri ption IP Address The IP address of this host. Cost [...]

67 Bootp Relay Dat abase Configuration =============== ================== Index Server Ad dress 1 10.1.2.3 <OK> <Add > Return to pr evious panel. Use <Enter > to select. Parameter Description Index Server Address Used to define any preferred DHCP servers or the outbound subnetwork for relaying a DHCP request broadcast. (Up to five[...]

68 IGMP Group T imeout 5 The time between last spotting an IGMP Report message for an IP multicast address on a specific port and the switch removing that entry from its list. Range: 3 - 5 minutes 2.5.6.3.S t atic ARP Configuration Use the following screen to display or edit entries in the S tatic ARP T able. Entries added to this table are ret ain[...]

69 them or the corresponding IP interface from this switch. Static Route Ta ble =============== === Destination Net work Destination Mask VLAN Next Hop Type Page 1 <Apply> Total 0 Page s <OK> <Prev Page> <Next Page> <Add > Return to pr evious panel. Us e <TAB> or arrow keys t o move. <Enter> to sele ct. Par[...]

70 Add Routing Ent ry =============== == Destination Add ress: 0.0.0.0 Destination Mas k : 255.255.255.0 Next Hop : 0.0.0.0 Routing Metric : 0 <O K> <Cance l> Destination IP ad dress. | READ/WRITE Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes. 2.5.6.5.Conf iguring the Default Route Defines the router to which this sw[...]

71 VLAN The VLAN which has the IP interface to the default router . Y ou cannot ent er any value in this field. The switch will fill in the corresponding VLAN only after you specify the Next Hop Address and select Enter . Next Hop Address The IP address of the default router . Metric The number of hops required to reach the default router . 2.5.7.C[...]

72 MA C Security Filtering Co nfiguration == ======================= =========== ---------------- ----------------------- ----------------------- --- - 0080AD050000 Page 1 <Apply> Total 0 Page s <OK> <Prev Page> <Next Page> <Add > Return to pr evious panel. Us e <TAB> or arrow keys t o move. <Enter> to sele[...]

73 2.5.7.3.Configuring IP Address Filters If any node presents a security risk, you can filter all traffic for this node by entering its address into the IP Security Filter . Any packet passing through the switch that has a source or destination IP address matching an entry in this t able will be filtered. IP Security Filtering Con figuration == ==[...]

74 Network Mo nitor Menu ========== ========== Port Stati stics ... Layer 2 Ad dress Table ... Bridge Men u ... VLAN Menu ... IP Multica st Registration Table . .. IP Menu .. . <O K> Display por t statistics. Us e <TAB> or arrow keys t o move. <Enter> to sele ct. Menu Description Port S tatistics Displays statistics on port traffi[...]

75 Statistics Menu ========== ===== Port Stati stics ... RMON Stati stics ... <O K> Display por t statistics. Us e <TAB> or arrow keys t o move. <Enter> to sele ct. Parameter Description Port S tatistics Displays standard st atistics on network traffic p assing through the selected port. RMON S tatistics Displays detailed st atist[...]

76 Port Statistics =============== Interfaces In Octe ts : 0 Out Octets : 0 In Unic ast Pkts : 0 Out Unicast Pkts : 0 In Non- Unicast Pkts : 0 Out Non-Unicast Pkts : 0 In Disc ards : 0 Out Discards : 0 In Erro rs : 0 Out Errors : 0 Alignme nt Errors : 0 CRC Errors : 0 Ethernet Single Collisions : 0 Multiple Collisions : 0 Defered Transmissions : 0 [...]

77 In Discards The number of inbound packets which we r e chosen to be discarded even though no errors had been de tect ed to prevent their being deliverable to a higher-layer protocol. One possible reason for discarding such a packet could be to free up buffer space. In Errors The number of inbound packets that cont ained errors preventing them fr[...]

78 Jabbers The total number of frames received that were longer than 1518 octets (excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets), and had either an FCS or alignment error . Note: S tatistics are refreshed every 10 seconds by default (chapter 2 “Configuring the Serial Port”). 2.6.1.2.Displaying RMON S tatistics Use the RMON S tatistics screen[...]

79 Parameter Description Drop Events The total number of event s in which packets were dropped due to lack of resource s. Bytes T otal number of bytes of data received on the network. This statistic can be used as a reasonable indication of Ethernet utilization. Frames The total number of frames (bad, broadcast and multicast) received. Broadcast Fr[...]

80 Layer 2 Ad dress Table ========== =========== Unicast Ad dress Table ... <O K> Display the unic ast address table. Us e <TAB> or arrow keys t o move. <Enter> to sele ct. Menu Descri ption Unicast Address T able Provides a full listing for unicast addresses. 2.6.2.1.Displaying t he Unicast Address T able The Unicast Address T ab[...]

81 2.6.3.Displ aying B ridge Information The Bridge menu is used t o display settings for the S panning T ree Algorithm. For a more detailed description of how to use this algorithm, refer to “S panning T ree Algorithm” on chapter 4. Bridg e Menu ===== ====== Spanning Tree B ridge Information ... Spanning Tree P ort Information ... <O K> [...]

82 Bridge Menu: Spannin g Tree Bridge Informati on =========== Priorit y : 3 2768 Hello T ime (in seconds) : 2 Max Age (in seconds) : 2 0 Forward Delay (in seconds) : 1 5 Hold Ti me (in seconds) : 1 Designa ted Root : 3 2768.00E800340000 Root Co st : 0 Root Po rt : 0 Configu ration Changes : 0 Topolog y Up Time : 847850 (0 day 2 hr 21 min 18 sec) &[...]

83 2.6.3.2.Displaying t he Current ST A for Port s The parameters shown in the following figure and table are for port ST A Informat ion. Br idge Menu: Spanning Tre e Port Information (Por t 1-12) == ========= Port Type Status Design ated Designated Designated Cost Bridge Port ---------------- ----------------------- ----------------------- --- ---[...]

84 T ype Shows port type as: 100TX : 10BASE-T / 100BASE-TX 100FX : 100BASE-FX 1000SX/LX : 1000BASE-SX/X (multimode/ single mode) 1000T : 1000BASE-T S tatus Displays current sta te of this port within the S panning T ree: Disabled No link has been established on this port. Otherwise, the port has been disabled by the user or has failed diagnostics. [...]

85 VLAN Inf ormation ======== ======== VLAN Dynamic Registr ation Information ... VLAN Forwarding Info rmation ... <O K> Display VLAN dynamic r egistration information . Us e <TAB> or arrow keys t o move. <Enter> to sele ct. Menu Description VLAN Dynamic Registration Information Shows the ports that have been automatically learned[...]

86 2.6.4.2.VLAN Forwar ding Information Shows all the ports that have been configured by either dynamic or static means to forward VLAN traffic. VLAN Forwarding Information =============== ============ Port 1 2 VLAN 12345678901234567890123 456 1 SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS S S: Static D: Dynamic Page : 1 <Apply> Total: 1 Pag es <OK> <Pre[...]

87 IP Multicast Re gistration Table =============== ================ 1 2 VLAN Multicas t IP 123456789012345 67890123456 Learned by Page 1 <Apply> Total 0 Page s <OK> <Prev Page> <Next Page> The page numb er. | READ/WRITE Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes. Parameter Description VLAN A VLAN wit [...]

88 IP Address Table ========== ====== Subnet Inf ormation ... ARP Table ... Routing Ta ble ... Multicast Table ... OSPF Table ... <O K> Display and change t he static route table. Us e <TAB> or arrow keys t o move. <Enter> to sele ct. Menu Description Subnet Information Displays all the IP subnets configured on this switch, as wel[...]

89 Subnet Inf ormation ========== ======== 1 2 Intf. IP Addres s Subnet Mask VLAN 1234567890123456 7890123456 1 192.168.1 .254 255.255.255.0 1 SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSS Page 1 <Apply> Total 1 Page s <OK> <Prev Page> <Next Page> The page numb er. | READ/WRITE Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes. [...]

90 ARP T able ===== ==== IP Address MAC A ddress VLAN Por t 192.168.1.254 00-80 -00-00-11-22 1 1 Page 1 <OK> <F irst Page> <Next Page> Return to pr evious panel. Us e <TAB> or arrow keys t o move. <Enter> to sele ct. Parameter Description IP Address IP addresses for which ARP has resolved the physical address through a[...]

91 Routin g Table ====== ======= Destination Netw ork Destination Mask V LAN Next Hop Typ e Protocol 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 1 192.168.2.10 Dire ct Local Page 1 <Apply> Total 0 Page s <OK> <Prev Page> <Next Page> <Flu sh RIP> Return to pr evious panel. Us e <TAB> or arrow keys t o move. <Enter> to sele ct[...]

92 display a specific p age, set the page number in the Page field and then select <Apply>. Select <Flush RIP> to clear any routing entries learned through RIP . Display ing Detailed Routin g Information T o display detailed routing information, select any entry in the Routing T able with your cursor and select Enter . The following scr[...]

93 Multicast Table Menu ========== ========== IP Multica st Registration Table . .. IGMP Cache ... Multicast Forwarding Cache Table ... DVMRP Rout ing Table ... DVMRP Neig hbor Table ... <O K> Display IP Multicas t registration table. Us e <TAB> or arrow keys t o move. <Enter> to sele ct. Parameter Description IP Multicast Registr[...]

94 IGMP Cache ===== ===== Group Address Intf Reporter U p Time Expire V1 Timer Page 1 <Apply> Total 0 Page s <OK> <Prev Page> <Next Page> The page numb er. | READ/WRITE Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes. Parameter Description Group Address An IP multicast group address with subscribers directl[...]

95 each known multicast group address. Multicast Forwa rding Cache =============== =========== Group Address Source Address Mask U pstream Nbr Protocol Up Time Page 1 <Apply> Total 0 Page s <OK> <Prev Page> <Next Page> The page numb er. | READ/WRITE Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes. Parameter[...]

96 DVMRP Rout ing Table ========== ========= Source Addre ss Mask Upstream Nbr Interface Metri c Up Time Page 1 <Apply> Total 0 Page s <OK> <Prev Page> <Next Page> The page numb er. | READ/WRITE Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes. Parameter Description Source Address The IP subnetwork at the ro[...]

97 DVMRP Neighbor Table =============== ===== Interface Neighbor Address U pTime ExpireTime Ver RcvRoute Page 1 <Apply> Total 0 Page s <OK> <Prev Page> <Next Page> The page numb er. | READ/WRITE Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes. Parameter Description Interface The IP interface on this switch [...]

98 OSPF Table Menu ========== ===== Interface Table ... Link State Table ... Neighbor T able ... Virtual Ne ighbor Table ... <O K> Display inter face database. Us e <TAB> or arrow keys t o move. <Enter> to sele ct. Parameter Description Interface T able Link S tate T able Displays a summ ary of link state advertisements. Neighbor [...]

99 Rtr ID Router ID for this router . Designated Rtr The IP of the designated router . The designated router advertises the link state of the OSPF area. Backup DR The backup designated router . If the designated router fails, the backup designated router takes it s place. S tatus This interface’ s status in this OSPF area. Events The number of ev[...]

100 Ty p e The link state advertisement type: RtrLSA: Router LSA – All area routers advertise the state of links from the router itself to the its local area. NetLSA: Network LSA – The designated router for each Area advertises the link state for each transit area; i.e., an area with more than one attached router . This LSA includes information[...]

101 OSPF Neighbor T able =============== ==== IP Address ID Router ID Option Priority State Events Page 1 <Apply> Total 0 Page s <OK> <Prev Page> <Next Page> The page numb er. | READ/WRITE Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes. Parameter Descripti on IP Address IP address of the neighboring rout e[...]

102 S tate The communication state for two adjacent routers: Down: This is the ini tial state of a neighbor conversation. It Indicates that there has been no recent information r eceived from the neighbor . Attempt: This state is only valid for neighbors attached to non-broadcast networks. It indicates that no recent Information has been received f[...]

103 physically adjacen t neighbors. OSPF Virtual Ne ighbor Table =============== ============ Area ID Router ID IP Add ress Option Stat e Events Page 1 <Apply> Total 0 Page s <OK> <Prev Page> <Next Page> The page numb er. | READ/WRITE Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes. Parameter Description Ar[...]

104 S tate The communication state for two adjacent routers: Down: This is the initial state of a neighbor conversation. It indicates that there has been no recent information received from the neighbor . Attempt: This state is only valid for neighbors attached to non-broadcast networks. It indicates that no recent information has been received f r[...]

105 System Res tart Menu ========== ========= Restart Option : Reload Factory Defaults : NO <Restart> <Cancel> Restart system with the factor y default settings. |EAD/SELECT Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, <Space> to scroll options. Parameter Description Reload Factory Defaults Reloads the factory defaults [Restart] Restart[...]

106 3. W eb Interface 3.1.W eb-Based Configuration and Monitoring In addition to the menu-driven system configuration program, this switch also provides an embedded HTTP Web agent. Using a W eb browser you can configure the switch and view statistics to monitor network activity . The W eb agent can be accesse d by any computer on the network using [...]

107 1. Only display when intelligent switch is set to La yer 2 mode or the switch is management m odel. 2. Only display when intelligent switch is set to multilayer mode. System Information Menu System Information Switch Information Manage ment Setup Menu Network Configuration(1) Serial Port Configuration SNMP Configuration User Configuration TFTP [...]

108 3.2.Navigating the W eb Browser Interface T o access the Web-browser interface you must first enter a user n ame and password. The administrator has Read / W rite access to all configuration parameters and st atistics. The default user name for the administr ator is “admin,” with no password. 3.2.1.Ho me Page When your W eb browser connects[...]

109 of the page to confirm the new setting. The following t able summarizes the W eb page configuration buttons. W eb Page Configuration Buttons Button Action Apply Sets specified values in the SNMP agent. Cancel Cancels specified values pr ior to pressing the “Apply” button. Refresh Immediately updates v alues from the SNMP agent. Notes: 1. T [...]

11 0 Parameter Description T ype Shows port type as: 100BASE-TX : 10BASE-T / 100BASE-TX 100BASE-FX : 100BASE-FX 1G BASE-SX/LX : 10000BASE-SX/LX (multimode/ single mode) 1G BASE-T : 1000BASE-T Admin S t atus Shows if the port is enabled, or has been disabled due to abnormal behavior or for security reasons. See “Configuring Port Paramet ers” on [...]

111 Parameter Default Description Management Mode Console Mode Indicates that the port settings are for direct console connection. Baud Rate 19200 The rate at which data is sent between devices. Options: 9600, 19200 and 38400 baud. Data Bits 8 bits Sets the data bit s of the RS-232 port . Options: 7, 8 S top Bits 1 bit Sets the stop bit s of the RS[...]

11 2 Switch Information Shows hardware / firmware version numbers, power status, and expansion modules used in the switch. Management Setup Menu Network Configuration¹ Configures the switch’s network parameters. Serial Port Configuration Sets communication parameters for the serial port, including baud rate, console timeout, and screen data refr[...]

11 3 System Restart Menu Restart Option Restart s the system with options to restore factory defaults. 1. Only displays if the intelligent switch is set to Layer 2 m ode or the switch is management m odel. 2. Only displays when intelligent switch is set to multilayer mode. (Note that this menu includes IGMP Snooping Configuration.) 3. Only displaye[...]

11 4 3.4.2.Displaying Switch V ersion Information Use the Switch Information screen to display hardware / firmware version numbers for the main board, as well as the power st atus and modules plugged into the system. Parameter Description Hardware V ersion Hardware version of th e main board. Firmware V ersion System firmware version in ROM. Serial[...]

11 5 User Configuration Sets the user names and passwords for system access. TFTP Download Downloads new version of f irmware to update your system (in-band). Configuration File Saves or restores configuration data based on the specified file. 1. Only display when intelligent switch is set to Layer 2 mode or the switch is management model. 3.5.1.Ch[...]

11 6 IP S tate S pecifies whether IP functionality is enabled via manual configuration, or set by Boot Protocol (BOOTP). Options include: User Configuration – IP functionality is enabled based on the default or user specified IP Configuration. (This is the default setting.) BOOTP Get IP – IP is enabled but will not function until a BOOTP reply [...]

11 7 S tatus Displays the administrative status of entry . An entry can onl y be to enabled or disabled via the console interface. 3.5.2.2.Configuring IP T rap Managers The following figure and table describe how to specify management stations that will receive authentication failure messages or other trap messages from the switch. Up to 5 trap man[...]

11 8 Parameter Description User Name* S pec ifies a user authorized management access to the switch via the console, T elnet or HTTP . An entry can only be delete d via the console interface. User Password* Password associated with this entry . Access Right GUEST : Read Only for all screens. ADMIN: Read / Write for all screens. Console Authorizes m[...]

11 9 File Name The binar y file to download. S tart TFTP Download Issues request to TFTP server to download the specified file. 3.5.5.Saving or Restoring the System Configuration Use the Configuration File menu to save the swi tch configuration sett ings to a file on a TFTP client . The file can be later downloaded to the switch to restore the swit[...]

120 filtering, and routing protocols. Each of the setup screens provided by these configuration menus is described in the following sections. Menu Description System Mode³ Set s the switch to operat e as a Layer 2 switch or as a multilayer routing switch. Layer 2 Menu Configures port communication mode, m irror ports, port trunking, and static add[...]

121 Parameter Descripti on Layer 2 Filtering and forwarding decision will be based on MAC addresses for all protocol traffic. Multi-Layer Switching based on M AC addresses will be used f or all non-IP protocol traffic, and routing will be used for all IP protocol tr af fic. Note: When the switch is set to multilayer mode, the IP menus are enabled, [...]

122 Parameter Default Description Link S tatus Indicates if the port has a valid connection to an externa l device. Admin S tatus Enabled Allows you to disable a port due to abnormal behavior (e.g., excessive collisions), and then enable it after the problem has been resolved. Y ou may also disable a port for securi ty reasons. Auto Negotiate* Enab[...]

123 Flow Control Disabled Used to enable or disable flow contr ol. Flow control can eliminate frame loss by “blocking” tr affic from end stations or segment s connected d irectly to the switch when its buffers fill. When enabled, back pressure is used for half-duplex and IEEE 802.3x for full-duplex. Note that flow control should not be used if [...]

124 Parameter Description Enable Port Mirror Enables or disables the mirror f unction. TX Mirrored Port The port whose transmitted traffic will be mirrored. TX Monitored Port The port that will dup lic ate the transmitted traffic appearing on the mirrored port. RX Mirrored Port The port whose received traffic will be mirrored. RX Monitored Port The[...]

125 a port trunk, remember that: • Ports can only be assigned to one trunk. • The ports at both ends of a connection must be configured as trunk ports. • The ports at both ends of a trunk must be configured in an identical manner , including communication mode and VLAN assignments. • All the ports in a trunk have to be treated as a whole wh[...]

126 T o add a t runk, highlight a port group in t he New Setting list and press Add. T o delete a trunk, highlight a port group in the T runk List and press Delete. Before disconnecting a port trunk, take the following step s: • Before removing a port trunk via the configurat ion menu, you must disable all the ports in the trunk or remove all the[...]

127 Parameter Description MAC Address The destination MAC address for a multicast service. VLAN The VLAN corresponding to this multicast service. Port The ports to which this multicast traffic can be forwarded. Note: T o assign a destination MAC address to one or more po rts, enter it s address and the corresponding VLAN, select the required port s[...]

128 Bridge Configuration Contains global bridge settings for ST A (including bridge priority , hello time, forward delay , maximum message age), G MRP , GVRP , traffic class priority threshold, and address aging time. ST A Port Configuration Contains ST A settings for individual ports, including port priority , path cost, and fast forwarding 3.6.3.[...]

129 Forward Delay 15 The maximum time (in seconds) the root device will wait before changing states (that is, listening to learning to f orwarding). This delay is required because every device must receive information about topology changes before it st arts to forward frames. In addition, each port needs time to listen for conflicting information [...]

130 * Y ou can use “VLAN Port Configuration” on chapter 3 to configure the default priority for each port. 3.6.3.2.Configuring ST A for Port s The following figure and table describe port ST A configuration. Parameter Default Description T ype Shows port type as: 100BASE-TX : 10BASE-T / 100BASE-TX 100BASE-FX : 100BASE-FX 1G BASE-SX/ LX : 1000BA[...]

131 Fast Forwarding* Enabled This parameter is used to enable / disabled the Fast S panning T ree mode for the selected port. In this mode, ports skip the Blocked, Listening and Learning states and proceed straight to Forwarding. * Since end-nodes cannot cause forwarding loops, they can pass through the S panning T ree state changes more qui ckly t[...]

132 Parameter Default Description GARP Configuration¹ Group Address Registration Protocol is used by GVRP and GMRP to register or deregister client attributes for client services within a bridged LAN. Join T ime 20 The interval (centiseconds) between transmitting requests / queries to particip ate in a group. Leave T im e 60 The interval (centisec[...]

133 Port VID 1 The VLAN ID assigned to untagged frames received on this port. Port Default Priority² 0 Set the default ingress priority to any value beneath the priority threshold (chapter 3 “Configuring Global Bridge Settings”) to specify the low priority queue, or to any value equal to or above this threshold t o specify the high priority qu[...]

134 VLAN crosses the switches). However , to particip ate in a VLAN group that extends beyond this switch, we recommend using the VLAN ID for that group (using VLAN tagging for Layer 2 mode, or a common PVID for multilayer mode). When operating the switch in Layer 2 mode, ports assig ned to a large VLAN group that crosses several switches must use [...]

135 T o add a new VLAN, enter a new VLAN number in the VID field, select the port members, and press Add. T o modify a VLAN, click on the edit icon ( ) for the required entry , modify the port settings, and press Save. T o delete a VLAN, click on the edit icon ( ) for the required entry , and then press Delete. 3.6.5.Configuring IGMP Snooping Multi[...]

136 Act as IGMP Querier² Disabled If enabled, the switch can serve as the “querier ,” which is responsible for asking hosts if they want to receive multicast traffic. 1. This item is only displayed for Layer 2 mode. For multilay er mode, the full IGMP protocol set is automatically enabled / disa bled along with DVMRP . (See IGMP on chapter 4. [...]

137 Parameter Description IP Address The IP address associated with the specified VLAN interface. By convention, the last three digits should be set to “254” t o readily distinguish this device as a router port. Subnet Mask A template that identifies the address bits i n the host address used for routing to specific subnets. Each bit that corre[...]

138 multicast routing protocols, you must edit an existing entry (as described in the following section) and press the Advanced button for RIP or DVMRP . Modifying an IP Interface T o modify a n IP interface, click on the edit icon ( ) for the required entry , updat e the interface settings in the dialog box at the bottom of the screen, use the Adv[...]

139 Send T ype The protocol used for traffic sent out this port: RIP1 Broadcast: Route information is broadcast to other routers on the network using RIPv1. RIP2 Broadcast: Route information is broadcast to other routers on the network using RIPv2. RIP2 Multicast: Route information is multicast to other routers on the network using RIPv2. Do Not Se[...]

140 Parameter Default Descript ion Area ID¹ A 32-bit integer uniquely identifying an OSPF protocol broadcast area. This identifier can be in the form of an IP address or integer . Each port on the switch can be configured to represent one OSPF area. ID 0.0.0.0 is used for the OSPF backbone. Router Priority 1 The priority used when selecting the de[...]

141 Configuri ng DVMRP Distance V ector Multicast Routing Protocol is used to route multicast traffic to nodes which have requested a specific multicast service via IGMP . ( See “DVMRP Routing Protocol” on chapter 4.) T o configure DVMRP , you must specify the routing metric, probe interval, and neighbor router t imeout. Parameter Default Descr[...]

142 broadcasting a BOOTP / DHCP request. IGMP Snooping Enables or disables IGMP Snoop ing. The Advanced menu sets the timeout for inactive multicast ports or for specific multicast flows when there are no longer any clients. See chapter 3 “Configuring IGMP Snooping”. Note: Once RIP and DVMRP have been enabled globally (chapter 2 “Protocol Con[...]

143 S tatic Route Advertisement Disabled Enables or disables advertisement of static routes. Configuri ng Global Settings f or OSPF T o implement OSPF for a large network, you must first organize the network into logical areas to limit the number of OSPF routers that actively exchange Link S tate Advertisements (LSAs). Y ou can then define an OSPF [...]

144 Parameter Descripti on Area ID An OSPF area identifier configured for a group of OSPF routers. (For information on how to assign this identifier to a specific interface, see chapter 3 “ Configuring OSPF ”.) Ty p e I ndicates area type: Normal An area which can send or receive external route information. S tub An area which cannot send or re[...]

145 VLSMs allows you to configure each subnetwo rk within a larger network with its own subnet mask. This provides a longer subnet mask that covers fewer host I P addresses, thereby reducing the size of the routing tables that have to be exchanged. (For more information on VSLMs, see RFCs 1219 and 1878.) Parameter Description Area Identity An OSPF [...]

146 common backbone. T o configure a virtual link, specify the tr ansit area through which the end point routers connect, and the address of the router on this side of the link. Parameter Description Area ID An identifier for the transit area the virtual link crosses. Neighbor Router ID The IP address of the OSPF router on this end of the virtual l[...]

147 Configuring BOOTP / DHCP Relay If a DHCP / BOOTP server is not located in the same subnet wit h a host, you can configure this switch to forward any host configuration queries to a server located on another subnet or on another network. Depending on the configuration setup, the switch either: • Forwards the packet to a preferred server as def[...]

148 chapter 3.) Parameter Default Description IGMP Router T imeout 5 A switch port that stop s receiving m ulticast protocol packets for this interval will be removed from the IGMP forwarding list. Range: 3 - 5 minutes IGMP Group T imeout 5 The time between last spotting an IGMP Report message for an IP multicast address on a specific port and the [...]

149 3.6.6.4.S t atic Route Configuration This switch can be configured to dy namically learn the routes to other IP networks, subnets or hosts using unicast or multicast routing protocols. If the route to a specific destination cannot be learned via these protocols, or you wish to restrict the path used for transmitting traffic to a destination, it[...]

150 and press Add. T o delete a static route, click on the edit icon ( ) for the required entry , and then press Delete. 3.6.6.5.Conf iguring the Default Route Defines the router to which this swit ch will forward all traffic for unknown networks. The default route can be learned from RIP protocol (chapter 3 “ Configuring RIP ”) or manually con[...]

151 Note: T o add a MAC address t o the security filter , press Add. T o delete an address, click on the edit icon ( ) for the required entry , and then press Delete. 3.6.7.2.Configuring IP Address Filters If any node presents a security risk, you can filter all traffic for this node by entering its address into the IP Security Filter . Any packet [...]

152 3.7.Monitoring the Switch The Network Monitor Menu provides access t o port statistics, address tables, ST A information, VLANs registration and forwarding information, multicast groups, and subnet addresses. Each of the screens provided by these menus is described in the following sections. Menu Description Port S tatistics Displays statistics[...]

153 3.7.1.1.Displaying Ethernet P ort S tatistics Port S tatistics display key statistics from the Interfaces Group and Ethernet-like MIBs for each port. Error statistics on the traffic pa ssing through each port are displayed. This information can be used to identify potential pr oblems with the switch, such as a faulty port or unusually heavy loa[...]

154 Out Octets The total number of octets transmitted out of the interface, including framing characters. Out Unicast Pkts. The total number of packets that higher-level protocols requested be transmitted to a subnetwork-unicast address, including those that were discarded or not sent. Out Non-Unicast Pkts. The total number of packet s that higher-[...]

155 3.7.1.2.Displaying RMON S tatistics Use the RMON S tatistics screen to display ke y statistics for each port from RMON group 1. (RMON groups 2, 3 and 9 can only be accessed using SNMP management software.) The following screen displays the overall statistics on traf fic passing through each port. RMON statistics provide access to a broad range [...]

156 Oversize Frames The total number of frames received that were longer than 1518 octets (excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets) and were otherwise well formed. Fragments The total number of frames received that were less than 64 octets in length (excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets) and cont ained either an FCS or alignmen[...]

157 3.7.3.Displ aying B ridge Information The Bridge menu is used t o display settings for the S panning T ree Algorithm. For a more detailed description of how to use this algorithm, refer to “S panning T ree Algorithm” on chapter 4. Menu Description S pann ing T ree Bridge Information Displays a full list of ST A values used for the bridge. S[...]

158 Forward Delay The maxim um time (in seconds) the root device will wait befor e changing states (i.e., listening to learni ng to forwarding). Hold T ime The minimum interval between the transmission of consecutive Configuration BPDUs. Designated Root The priority and MAC address of the device in the S p anning T ree that this switch has accepted[...]

159 S tatus Displays current state of this port within the S panning T ree: Disabled No link has been established on this port. Otherwise, the port has been disabled by the user or has failed diagnost ics. Blocking Port receives ST A configuration messages, but does not forward packet s. Listening Port will leave blocking state due to a topology ch[...]

160 3.7.4.2.VLAN Forwar ding Information Shows all those ports that have been configured by either dynamic or static means to forward VLAN traffic. 3.7.5.IP Multicast Registration T able This table displays all the multicast groups active on the switch, including the multicast IP address and the corresponding VLANs. Parameter Description VLAN A VLA[...]

161 3.7.6.1.Displaying Su bnet Information Y ou can display a list of all the IP interfaces configured on this switch. This t able includes the gateway address, corresponding VLAN, and member ports that use this address. Parameter Description IP Address The address for an IP interf ace on this switch. Subnet Mask A template that identifies the addr[...]

162 MAC Address MAC address that maps to the corresponding IP address. VLAN The VLAN group to which this host has been assigned. Port The port this to which host device is attached. (Port “0” refers to an interface defined on this switch.) 3.7.6.3.Routing T able The Routing T able lists the routes through which all recognized Ethernet networks [...]

163 3.7.6.4.Multic ast T able Y ou can use t his menu to display all the mult icast groups currently active on this switch, the IGMP cache, the multicast forwarding cache, and DVMRP routing information. Parameter Description IP Multicast Registration T able Displays all active multicast group s, including the multicast IP address and the correspond[...]

164 V1 T imer The time remaining until the switch assum es that there are no longer any IGMP V ersion 1 members on the IP subnet attached to this interface. (The default is 400 seconds.) If the switch receives an IGMP V ersion 1 Member ship Report, it sets a timer to note that there are V ersion 1 hosts present which are members of the group for wh[...]

165 Subnet Mask Subnet mask that is used for the source address. This mask identifies the host address bits used for routing to specific subnet s. Upstream Neighbor The IP address of the network device immediately upstream for this multicast delivery tree. Interface The IP interface on this switch t hat connects to the upstream neighbor . (See chap[...]

166 Parameter Description IP Address The IP addr ess of this OSPF interface. Router ID Router ID for this router . Designated Router The IP of the designated router . The designated router advertises the link state of the OSPF Area. Backup DR The backup designated router . If the designated router fails, the backup designated router takes it s plac[...]

167 SN The link state sequence number , used to remove previous duplicate LSAs. Age The number of seconds since this LSA was originated. Displaying the Neighb or T able Each router exchanges link state information with all neighbors physically attached to the same network segment. This tabl e displays a summary of the link state for all adjacent ne[...]

168 S tate The communication state for two adjacent routers: Down: This is the i nit ial st ate of a neighbor conversation. I t indicates that there has been no r ecent information received from the neighbor . Attempt: This state is only valid for neighbors attached to non-broadcast networks. It indicates that no re cent information has been receiv[...]

169 Parameter Description Area ID The transit area t he virtual link must cross to connect the border routers. Router ID The OSPF identifier for the router at the other end of the link. IP Address IP address of the border router at the other end of the link. Option The optional OSPF capabilities supported by the neighbor . The neighbor's optio[...]

170 S tate The communication state for two adjacent routers: Down: This is the initial state of a neighbor conversation. It indicates that ther e has been no recent information received from the neighbor . Attempt: This state is only valid for neighbors attached to non-broadcast networks. It indicates that no recent information has been received fr[...]

171 Parameter Description Reload Factory Defaults Reloads the factory defaults Apply Rest arts the switch. Note: When restarting the system, it will always run t he Power-On Self- T est. It will also retain all system information, unless you elect to reload the factory defaults.[...]

172 4. Chapter 4: Advanced T opics This switch supports both Layer 2, which is based on physical device addresses, and Layer 3 switching, which is based on IP network addresses. These funct ions, along wi th other advanced features are described in this chapter . 4.1.Layer 2 Switching When a frame enters a port, it s destination MAC address is chec[...]

173 associated with the pair in the address table is dif ferent from t he receiving port, the switch modifies the PID in the address table. • Filtering—After learning the address, the sw itch checks: - If the sour ce or destination port is not in the forwarding state. (For example, if it is in blocking st ate or has been disabled.) - If the so [...]

174 IEEE 802.1D) can be used to det ect and disable network loops, and to provide link backup. This allows the switch to interact with other bridging devices (including ST A-compliant switches, bridges or routers) in your network to ensure that only one route exists between any two stations on the network. If redundant paths or loops are detected, [...]

175 4.2.Layer 3 Switching The two major functions provided by a Layer 3 switch includ e IP Swi tching a nd Routing Path Management. When t he switch is set to multilayer mode (chapter 2 ”Setting the System Operation Mode”), it acts as a routing switch, with support for st andard IP routing and the ability to pass traffic between VLANs as requir[...]

176 support tagging, so you should set the PVID to the same value at both ends of the link (if the device you ar e attaching to is VLAN-aware), and configure an I P interface for this VLAN if you need to connect it to ot her group s. (See “VLAN T agging” on chapter 2 and chapt er 3.) This limit ation will be removed for future firmware versions[...]

177 After the MAC address is discovered, the packet is reformatted and sent out to the destination. The reformat process includes decreasing the T im e-T o-Live (TTL) field of the IP header , recalculating the IP header checksum, and replacing the destination MAC address with either the M AC address of the destination node or that of the next hop r[...]

178 arrive. Router Discovery messages do not constitute a routing protocol; they merely enable hosts to discover the existence of neighborin g routers, but not which router provides a route to a particular destination. If a host chooses a poor first-hop router for a particular destination, it should r eceive an ICMP Redirect from that router , iden[...]

179 with any updates to its routing table. This allows all routers on the network to learn consistent tables of next hop li nks which lead to relevant subnets. Just as Layer 2 switches use t he S panning T ree Algorithm to prevent loops, routers also use methods for preventing loops that would cause endless ret ransmission of data traffic. RIP util[...]

180 OSPFv2 is a compatible up grade to OSPF . It involves enhancements to protocol message authentication, and t he addition of a point-to-multipoint interface which allows OSPF to run over non-broadcast networks, as well as support for o verlapping area ranges. Area Configuration – OSPF routers exchange information with other routers in their ar[...]

181 priority , or highest Router ID in case of a t ie (chapter 2,3 “ Configuring OSPF ”). Area Border Router – An Area Border Router (ABR) must be configured between each area and the backbone. An ABR should be configured with an IP interface that connect s directly to both the backbone and t he area on which it borders (chapter 2,3 “ Addin[...]

182 four types of Link S tate Advertisements (LSA). Rout er LSAs advertise area links known by the originator , and are issued by all rout er s. Network LSAs advertise tr ansit areas through which traffic can be passed to reach other areas in the system. Network LSAs contain information about all the routers that provide a link across the transit a[...]

183 routing. An IEEE 802.1Q VLA N is a group of ports that can be located anywhere in the network, but communicate as though they belong to the same physical segment. VLANs help to simplify network management by allowing you to move devices to a new VLAN without having to change any physical connect ions. VLANs can be easily organized t o reflect d[...]

184 4.3.1.2.Port Overlapping Port overlapping can be used to allow access to commonly shared network resources among different VLAN groups, such as file servers or printers. Note that if you implement VLANs which do not overlap, but still need to communicate, you can connect them by setting this switch to m ultilayer mode, and assigning an IP inter[...]

185 4.3.3.Connecting VLAN Group s The switch supports communication within a common VLAN using store-and-forward switching. However , if you have devices in separate VLANs that need to communicate, and it is not practical to include t hese devices in a common VLAN, then the VLANs can be connected via the Layer 3 routing provided by this switch. T r[...]

186 4.4.Multicast Filtering Multicasting sends data to a group of nodes instead of a single dest ination. The simplest way to implement multicasting is to broadcast dat a to all nodes on the network. However , such an approach wastes a great deal of ban dwidth if the target group is small compared to the overall broadcast domain. Because applicatio[...]

187 between IP multicast routers / swi tches and IP multicast host groups to i dentify the IP multicast group members. It simply monitors the IGMP packet s passing through it, picks out the group registration information, and configures multicast filters accordingly . IGMP Snooping generates no additional network traffic, and allows you to signific[...]

188 4.4.4.DVMRP Routing Protocol The Distance-V ector Multicast Routing Protocol ( DVMRP) behaves somewhat similarly to RIP . A router supporting DVMRP periodically floods it s attached networks to pass information about supported multicast services along t o new routers and hosts. Routers that receive a DVMRP p acket send a copy out to all paths ([...]

189 broadcasts a DHCP Request packet, looking for DHCP servers. DHCP servers respond to this packet with a DHCP Response p acket . The client then chooses a server to obtain TCP / IP configuration information, such as it s own IP address. Since DHCP uses a broadcast mechanism, a DHCP server and it s client must physically reside on the same subnet.[...]

190 4.7.2.User Name and Passwords This switch can also be accessed via a di r ect connection to the console port or through a network connection using T elnet or a W eb browser . When managing the switch by any of these means, a user name and password is required to enter t he system. The factory defaults include two sets of user names and password[...]

191 required for basic remote monitoring. These groups include: St atistics: Includes all the tools needed to monitor your network for common errors and overall traffic rates. Information is provided on bandwidth utilization, peak utilization, packe t t ypes, errors and collisions, as well as the distribution of packet sizes. Histor y: Can be used [...]

192 5. Appendix A: T roubleshooting 5.1.T roubleshooting Chart T roubleshooting Chart Symptom Action Cannot connect using T e lnet, Web browser , or SNMP software • Be sure you have configured the agent with a valid IP address, subnet mask and default gateway (Layer 2). • Check that you have a valid network connection to the switch and that the[...]

193 POST Version V 2.57 9/11/2001 ------ Power-On S elf Test (POST)------ Int. Loopback Testing SCC2 UAR T Channel ... PASS Testing the Syste m SDRAM ............... ... PASS Int. Loopback Testing ____ UAR T Channel ... PASS Int. Loopback Tes ting ____ UART Channel ... PASS CPU Self Test ............. ................ PASS Test Accessing Ag ent&apo[...]

194 XModem Download to 0x00400020: ... SUCC ESS ! (P)ermanent or ( T)emporary Download: [P ] Update RunTime I mage at 0x03040000 ... ... SUCCESS ! Change to origin al Baud Rate and Press <E NTER> to Run Application !!! Decompress now.. .......... !!! run-time code st arting now. !!! Startin g System... MAINBOARD OCTOPU S0 RAMBIST TEST........[...]

195 6. Appendix B: Pin Assignment s 6.1.Console Port Pin Assignment s The DB-9 serial port on the switch’s rear panel is used to connect to the switch for out-of-band console configuration. The onboard menu-driven configuration program can be accessed from a terminal, a PC running a terminal emulation program, or from a remote location via a mode[...]

196 6.1.2.Console Port to 9-Pin COM Port on PC Switch’s 9-Pin Serial Port CCITT Signal PC’ s 9- Pin COM Port 1 DCD ----------- DCD ------------ 1 2 RXD <--------- TXD ------------ 3 3 TXD ----------- RXD ----------> 2 4 DTR ----------- DSR ----------> 6 5 SGND ----------- SGND ---------- 5 6 DSR ----------- DTR ------------ 4 7 RT S --[...]

197 7. Glossary 7.1.1.Bandwid th Utilization The historical percentage of p ackets received as comp ared to total bandwi dth. 7.1.2.BO OTP Boot protocol used to load the operat ing system or configuration sett ings for devices connected to the network. 7.1.3.Di st ance V ector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP) A distance-vector-style routing proto[...]

198 pair of ICMP messages on multicast links. It eliminates the n eed to configure router addresses manually , and is independent of any specific routing protocol. 7.1.9.Internet Control Message Protocol (I CMP) Commonly used to send echo messages (i.e., Ping) for monitoring purposes. 7.1.10.IEEE 802.1D S pecifies a general method for the operation[...]

199 7.1.18.Layer 3 Network layer in the ISO 7-Layer Dat a Communications Protocol. This layer handles the routing functions for dat a moving from one open system to another . 7.1.19.Link Aggregation See Port T runk. 7.1.20.Management Information Base (MIB) An acronym for M anagement Information Base. It is a set of database objects that contains in[...]

200 including specific error types. 7.1.27.Routing Information Protocol (RIP) The RIP protocol seeks to find the shortest route to another device by minimizing t he distance-vector , or hop count, which serves as a rough estimate of transmissi on cost . RIP-2 is a compatible upgrade to RIP . It adds useful capabilities for subnet routing, authentic[...]