Patton electronic 3088RC manuale d’uso

USER MANU AL M ODEL 3088R C RocketLink -G NTU Rack Mount G .SHD SL Modem Card SALES OF FICE (301) 975-100 0 TECHNICAL SUPPORT (301) 975-100 7 Part# 07M 3088RC-UM , R ev . B Revise d 2/16/12[...]

2 1.0 Warranty Info rmation ....... ................. ...................... ................... 5 1.1 Complia nce .............. ................ ....................... ................. ............. 5 EMC Compliance:......... ...... ..... ...... ................. ..... ...... ...... ............. 5 Low-Voltage Directi ve (Safety): ........... .[...]

3 3.7 Configuri ng the X.21 Rear Card ..................... ................. ..... ...... 27 Model 10 01RCM11545& 1001RCM 115TB Strap Setti ngs ......... 27 DTE Shield (DB-15 Pin 1) & FRGND (JB3) ............. ..... ...... . 28 SGND & FRGND (JB4) .................... ....................... ............ 28 3.8 Configuri ng the E1 Rear [...]

4 5.0 Operation .......... ................. ...................... ....................... ........... 51 5.1 LED status indicators .......... ................. ...................... ................. 51 5.2 Test Mo des ................... ................. ...................... ....................... 52 Loopbac ks ............... .............[...]

5 1.0 W ARRANTY INFOR MATION Patton Electr onics warrants all Model 3 088RC comp onents to be free from defect s, and will—at our option —rep air or replace the produc t should it fail within one year f rom the first date of the shipm ent. This warran ty is limite d to defect s in workman ship or material s, and does not cov er customer dam age[...]

6 1.2 FCC PART 68 (A CT A) STATEMENT This equ ipment c omplies w ith Part 68 of F CC rules an d the requi rement s adopted by ACT A. On the b ottom side of th is equipmen t is a label that cont ains—among other informat ion—a produ ct identifie r in the format US: AAAEQ##TXXXX . If req uested, this num ber must be provi ded to the tele phone co[...]

7 ment i nto a d iffere nt AC outl et (su ch t hat t he co mp uti ng equ ipm ent an d receive r are on di fferent bra nches). 1.4 INDUS TR Y C ANADA NOTI CE This eq uipment mee ts the app licable Ind ustry Canada T erm inal Equip- ment T ech nical S pecificatio ns. This is confirmed by the registrat ion num- ber . The abbrev iation, IC, b efore the[...]

8 1.6 AUTH OR IZE D EUROPEAN REP RESENTATIV E D R M Green European Compliance Se rvices Limite d. Oakdene Ho use, Oak Road W atchfie ld, Swindo n, Wilts SN6 8TD, UK 1.7 SE R V ICE All w a rra nty an d no n-wa r rant y re pai rs mu st be r etur ne d frei ght p repaid and insu red to Patto n Elec tro nic s. All returns must have a R et urn M ate ri- [...]

9 1.8 SA FETY WHEN W ORKING W ITH ELEC TRICITY • Do no t open the device when th e power c ord is con- nected. For systems with out a power switc h and without an external po wer adapter , line voltage s are present w ithin the device wh en the po wer cor d is co nnected. • For dev ices with an extern al power adapter , the power ad apter shall[...]

10 This de vice conta ins no u ser service able parts . This device ca n only be repaired by qualified servic e personnel . This d evice is NOT inte nded n or approv ed fo r connec tion to t he PSTN. It is intended o nly for conn ection to c ustomer prem ise equipm ent. Electros tatic Disch arge (ES D) can dama ge equipme nt and im pair electrical [...]

11 2.0 GENERAL INFORMATION Thank y ou for your pu rchase of thi s Patton Elect ronics product. This produ ct has been thoroughly i nspected and tested and i s warranted for One Y ear parts and labor . If any questi ons arise duri ng insta llation or use of this product, plea se cont act Patton Elect ronics T echni cal Suppor t at: (301) 975-100 7. [...]

12 2.3 SERIAL INTER FACE T YPES The Mod el 3088RC v ersions listed below prov ide the follo wing types of built-in serial interf aces: • 3088 RC/A/I provide s a V .35 in terface on an M/34 fema le connecto r • 3088 RC/C/AI provide s a Ethernet in terface on an RJ45 connec tor • 3088 RC/ D/V/V p r ovide s a X.21 inte rfac e on a D B-1 5 f em a[...]

13 3.0 CONF IGURAT ION This se ction de scribes the location and orientati on of the M odel 3088R C’s confi guration sw itches and jumpers, and provides de tailed instruc tions for all possible s ettings. Each 3088RC model has diff erent configu ration requ irements, de pending on th e card’s serial interfac e. Y ou c an configure the 3088RC us[...]

14 • If yo u a tte mpt to modif y a ny c onfi gu rati on parame ters via the EOC (by changi ng (EOC vari ables), the Roc ketLink-G will not exec ute your change s. 3.3 CO NFIGUR IN G THE DI P SWITCHES (V .35, X .21, and Ethern et Models ) The Mod el 3088RC is equipped w ith three se ts of DIP switches, which you ca n use to con figure the Ro cket[...]

15 S1-1 through S1-7: Dat a Rate Switch es S1-1 throug h S1-7 def ine both the DSL data rate and the seri al data rate. S1-1 S1-2 S1 -3 S1-4 S1-5 S1-6 S1-7 Data R ate (kbp s) O F F O NO NO NO NO NO N6 4 O NO F F O NO NO NO NO N1 2 8 OFF OFF ON ON ON ON ON 192 O NO NO F F O NO NO NO N2 5 6 OFF ON OFF ON ON ON ON 320 ON OFF OFF ON ON ON ON 384 O F F [...]

16 OFF OFF ON ON ON OFF ON 2240 ON ON OFF ON ON OFF ON 2304 OFF ON OFF ON ON OFF ON 2368 ON OFF OFF ON ON OFF ON 2432 OFF OFF OFF ON ON OFF ON 2496 ON ON ON OFF ON OFF ON 2560 OFF ON ON OFF ON OFF ON 2624 ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON 2688 OFF OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON 2752 ON ON OFF OFF ON OFF ON 2816 OFF ON OFF OFF ON OFF ON 2880 ON OF F OFF OFF ON OFF ON 2[...]

17 S1-8: TX Clock S2-1: Front Pan el Switches The 3088 RC uses fron t panel s witches to co ntrol test mo des. They m ay be disa bled so that the 3088RC ignores the m. S2-2: Line P robe Line pro be is a mec hanism that determines t he highes t rate (192K to 2304K) tha t the DSL li nk can rel iably support. This take s place duri ng training . The D[...]

18 S2-4 through S2-5: Clock Mode The Ro cketLink-G ca n operate in one of three clock mod es: internal , external , or receive-reco ver . X.21 operati on. There are a few things to note ab out clock mode s and X.21 ope r ation . — One X.21 mod em must be set to Recei ve-Reco ver . The other X.21 mod em must be set to either Inte rnal or E xternal[...]

19 S2-6: DTE Loop s The V .35 interfac e provides t wo pins, one t o request an L AL and the other to request an RDL. If DTE loop s are e nabled, the 3 088RC/A/I will start a local loopback or a remote loop back when the se pins are asserte d. If DTE loop s are disabl ed, these req uests wil l be ignored. S2-7: DTE Interface T ype The DTE inte rfac[...]

20 Sof tware Upgrades The sof tware i s upgraded by waiting for the Res et Mode m essage. The n, the use r can send an Intel HEX fil e supplied by Patton. After t he VT100 emulato r has fini shed sendi ng this fi le, the 3088R C will resp ond with a mes-sa ge sta ting how many errors were detected. The user may the n set the DIP switches to the des[...]

21 • Dat a Rate : Both the se rial/E1 an d DSL da ta rates are set by specify ing the num ber of 64k tim eslots. • Annex : Eith er G .991. 2 Annex A or Ann ex B. • DTE Interface T ype : Either E1 or a norma l serial interfac e. • DSL Error Mo nito r Max Int erva l Erro rs : The num ber of errors allow ed in an inte rval before co nsidering [...]

22 been found (out of syn c), there are no sync word errors (in sync), or whether we are transitioni ng from out of sync to in sync (acquiring sync) or vice ve rsa (losing sync). T ypically , when the link is training, the sync state goes from out of sync to acquiring sync to in sync. • DSL Actual Rate : The actual ra te at which th e DSL link i [...]

23 • dsl help: L ists all the comman ds that st art with dsl that the consol e recogni zes. • dsl set he lp: Lists all the comm ands that s tart with dsl set that the consol e recogni zes. • dsl show help: List s all the co mmands tha t start wi th ds l sho w that the con sole recogni zes. • dsl show errcntr help: Li sts all t he command s [...]

24 The foll owing comma nds allow the user to view t he current system c onfigurati on: • syst em sh ow c onfi g: Shows the c onfiguration o f the entir e system, includ ing DSL and serial/T1/ E1 lines. Any chang es to the system configurat ion or the DSL confi guration wi ll be lost on the next p ower cycl e unless the changes ar e saved. The co[...]

25 check the numb er of errors that hav e oc curr ed during each ( in ttime ) sec- onds to see if they meet the error t hreshold. The error monitor i nspects ( totint ) i ntervals before i t stops. Not e Setting maxint to 0 disables the error m onitor and setting toti nt to 0 c auses the error m oni tor to run continuously . The foll owing comma nd[...]

26 3.6 CO NFIGUR IN G THE V .3 5 REAR CARD The V .35 interfac e card is confi gured by set ting the conf iguration stra ps and dip switches located on t he PC board. Model 10 01RCM13445 & 1001RCM134TB Strap Se ttings Figure 2 shows the strap location f or the Model 1 001RCM134XX (M/34) rear card . This strap d etermines whe ther Signal G round [...]

27 SGND & FRGND (JB4). In th e conne cted positi on, this strap li nks Sig nal Ground and frame grou nd through a 1 00 ohm resis tor . In the open posi- tion, signal grou nd is disco nnected f rom frame grou nd. 3.7 CO NF IGURIN G THE X. 21 REAR C ARD The X.21 i nterface card is configu red by settin g the configu ration stra ps located on the [...]

28 DTE Shield (DB-15 Pin 1) & FRGND (JB3). In the c onnected pos ition, this strap links DB-1 5 pin 1 & frame ground . In the open positio n, pin 1 is discon nected from f rame ground. SGND & FRGND (JB4). In the connected po sition, this stra p links DB-1 5 pin 8 (Si gnal Ground) and frame grou nd through a 1 00 ohm resis tor . In the o[...]

29 • Alternate Mark In version (AMI): AMI cod ing does not inherently accoun t for ones density . T o meet this requi rement, you sho uld ensure that t he data in herently mee ts pu lse density req uirements . Switch S1-2 : CRC-4 Multifram e. CRC-4 Multiframe uses Time Slo t zero to carry CRC-4 information. When CRC-4 is e nabled (ON), the unit s[...]

30 Making I nterface Connect ions The 3088 RC/K model m ay be conne cted to G .703/G .704 port s using a single 120 ohm RJ-48 C or a dual 75 ohm coax (BN C). The 3088R C/K model r ear panels and the loc ation of thes e connectors are show belo w . Figur e 4. K Module Rear Pan els, Sh owing L ocation o f Conne ctors Connect T wisted Pair (120 ohm) t[...]

31 Connec t Dual Coaxial Ca ble (75 ohm) to G .703/G .704 Network . The 3088R C/K model is als o equipped wit h dual femal e BNCs (TX and RX) for conn ection to a 7 5 ohm dual c oax G .703/G .704 netw ork interface. If your G .703/G .704 netwo rk terminates via dual c oaxial cabl e, use the di a- gram be low to mak e the proper co nnections. The co[...]

32 3.9 CONNECTING T HE ETH ERNET REAR CARD The Mod el 3088RC/C /AI module pl ugs into Patto n’s1 092ARC and 3088R C modem s to pro vide Et hern et LAN ex tensio n. The 3 088R C/C/AI has no switches or jumpers an d does not ne ed to be con figured. How- ever , factors s uch as the typ e of medium, th rou ghp ut across the l in k an d clock ing mod[...]

33 Connec ting the Interfac e Driver Boa r d This p ack age co nta ins an interfa ce driv er board that allows you to confi g- ure your front funct ion card for e thernet operati on. Figure 7 shows th e Inte rfac e Driv er Boa rd con nect ed to a Mo del 3088R C front func tion card. Figu re 7. D river Boa rd mo unted on Model 3 088RC Follow the in [...]

34 Connec ting to the 10Base- T Ethernet Port The Mod el 3088RC/C/ AI provides lin e side conn ections thro ugh a termi- nal blo ck or through a RJ-45 co nnector . Figure 8 below , shows t he rear pane l options an d the loc ations of the connectors. Figure 8. 3088 RC/C/AI E ther net Port The RJ -45 Ethernet po rt on Model 30 88RC/C/AI is designed [...]

35 Conn ect ing the 10B ase- T Et her net P ort to a Hub . The Mod el 3088R C/C/AI 10Base-T int erface is co nfigured as DTE (Data T erminal Equipme nt), just like a 10Base-T network interface c ard in a PC. There - fore, it “e xpect s” to connect to a 10Base-T Hub using a straigh t-through RJ-45 cab le. Use the diagra m b elo w to c ons truc t[...]

36 signal equalizat ion equipm ent, or sta ndard, flat modular tele phone type ca ble, are n ot accept able. Figur e 10. RJ- 45 Line In terface Not e T wo-Wire Modems use RJ-45 pins 4 and 5 and 4-Wire Modem s use RJ-45 pins 3, 4, 5 an d 6, as shown abov e. Please see the Function Card User Manual for more details. LED St atus Moni tors The Model 30[...]

37 Sta tu s . Blinks y ellow from one to ele ven times to in dicate system s tatus. Each pul se pattern is sepa rated by a 2 sec ond “off” peri od. Greater pulse p atterns ha ve higher pri ority (buf fer saturation has greater priori ty than an empty MAC t abl e). V alid syst em st atuses are: • 1 pul se = syste m status ok • 2 pul ses = No[...]

38 3.1 0 C ONNECTING THE 1 0/ 1 00 ETHER NET REAR CARD The Mod el 3088RC/C /AI-100B modul e plugs into Patton’ s 3088RC modem to provide Etherne t LAN exten sion. The 3 088RC/C/AI-10 0B has a jumper th at needs to be configured . The jump er at J7 shoul d be factory inst alled on pins 1 and 2 . Factors suc h as the typ e of medium , through- put [...]

39 Connec ting the Interfac e Driver Boa r d This p ack age co nta ins an interfa ce driv er board that allows you to confi g- ure your front funct ion card for e thernet operati on. Figure 12 shows the Inte rfac e Driv er Boa rd con nect ed to a Mo del 3088R C front func tion card. Figur e 12. Driver Bo ard moun ted on Model 3 088RC Follow the in [...]

40 Connec ting to the 10/100 BaseTX Ethernet Port The Mod el 3088RC/C/AI-1 00B provid es line side c onnections through a termina l bloc k or th rough a RJ-45 con nector . Figure 13 below , shows the rear p anel opti ons and the loc ations of the connector s. Figure 13. 3088RC /C/AI -100B E thernet Port The RJ-45 Ethernet po rt on Model 30 88RC/C/A[...]

41 Connec ting the 10/100Ba seTX Ethernet Port to a Hub. Th e Model 3088R C/C/AI-100B 10/1 00BaseTX interf ace is auto-sen sing, me aning that it can co nn ect to either a 10/100B ase TX swi tch, hub or a PC. Use a straight -through or cros s-over cabl e to connect the 10/100BaseTX port. Refer to th e wiring diagram b elow . Connec ting the Line In[...]

42 LED St atus Moni tors The Mod el 3088RC/C/IA-1 00B features two LEDs that mon itor general operatin g statu s and the 10/100 BaseTX twisted pair li nk integrity . Figure 16 shows the LED s located di rectly ben eath the RJ-45 jack. Figur e 16. 3088RC/C/IA -100B Rear Pan el, LE D Locatio ns Activity LED Y ellow Link LED Green[...]

43 4.0 INSTALLATION This se ction d escrib es the fu nc tions of the Mo del 100 1R14 rack ch assi s, tells h ow to inst all front an d rear Model 3 088RC Series ca rds into the chass is, and how to connect to th e twisted p air interfa ce and the s erial inter face. 4.1 THE MODE L 1 001R1 4 RAC K CHAS SIS The Mod el 1 00 1R14 Rac k C has sis (F igu[...]

44 Powering U p Y our 1001R14 Rack Not e The power supplies that come with your 1001R14 rack system are equipped with a power entry connector on the rear card. The power supplies are Hot-Swappable, so you are not required to remove the cards from the rac k while applying power to the sys- tem . When a p ower cable is connect ed between t he unit, a[...]

45 4.3 CO NNECTING THE T WIS TED PAIR INTER FACE The Mod el 3088RC s upports c ommunication between two DTE devices as foll ows: Using 24 AWG (0.5 mm) wire up to: • 32,00 0 feet (9.7 km ) at 192 kbp s • 18,50 0 feet (5.6 km ) at 2.312 Mb ps Using 26 AWG (0.4 mm) wire up to: • 23,00 0 feet (7 km) at 1 92 kbps • 13,20 0 feet (4 km) at 2 .312 [...]

46 The RJ-45 connecto r on the Mode l 3088RC’ s twisted p air interface i s polarity insensitiv e and is wire d for a two-wire interface. Th e signal/pin relation ships are shown in Figure 18. Figure 18. Mode l 3088R C V .35/X. 21 int erface s 3088RC/D/V (X.21, female DB-15) 3088RC/A/I (V .35, female DB-25 )[...]

47 4.4 CONNECT ING THE MODEL 3088R C/A/I (V .35) SER IAL INTER- FACE Model 3 088RC/A/I sup ports V .35 serial port connect ions. This s ection describ es how to con nect the seri al ports t o your V .35 equipmen t. Connec ting the Model 30 88RC/A/I (V .35) to a “DTE” device The Mod el 3088RC/A/I provides a V .35 DCE (dat a circu it terminating [...]

48 Connec ting the Model 30 88RC/A/I (V .35) to a “DCE ” device The Mod el 3088RC/A/I provides a V .35 DCE (dat a circu it terminating equipm ent) interfa ce on a M/34 co nnector . As a DCE , this interfac e is design ed to connec t to DTE equi pment, such as a router . Howeve r , con- necting the 3088 RC/A/I to anot her DCE devi ce, such a s a[...]

49 4.5 CONNECT ING THE MOD EL 3088RC/D/V (X.21) SERIAL INTER- FACE Model 3088 RC/D /V su ppor ts X.21 seria l po rt con nec tions . Th i s sect io n describ es how to con nect the seri al ports t o your X.21 equ ipment. Connec ting the Model 30 88RC/D/V (X.2 1) to a “DCE” o r “DTE” device The Mod el 3088RC/D/V p rovides an X. 21 interface o[...]

50 4.6 CONNECT ING THE 3088RC/K/K (E1) INTER FACE The Mod el 3088RC/K/K is a rear-mount able G .703/G .704 inte rface card that works with the Patton Model 3088RC func tion card. The t wo cards meet in side the rack chassis and plug into each other b y way of m ating 50 pin c ard edge con nectors. Use the following steps as a guideline for inst all[...]

51 5.0 OPERATION Once t he Model 308 8RC is prope rly configure d and inst alled, it s hould operat e transpa rently . These sections de scribes fun ctions of the LED stat us indic ators, and the use of the bu ilt-in loopba ck test mod es. 5.1 LED STATUS INDICAT ORS The Model 3088RC features four front p anel LEDs that mo nitor the opera- tion of t[...]

52 5.2 T EST MODE S The 3088 RC offers te st modes in the form of loopb acks, PRBS patte rn generato rs, and comb inations of b oth (see Figu re 22 on p age 51). Figure 23 is a block di agram of t he Model 308 8RC with respe ct to test modes . Figur e 23. 3088 RC Block Diagram Loopbacks The 3088 RC support s both L ocal Analog L oopbacks (L AL) and[...]

53 Patterns The 3088 RC can gene rate and detec t 51 1 and 51 1 wit h Error pattern s. These c an be initia ted either by the option al front p anel swit ches or by the con sole command dsl set p attern <of f|51 1|51 1e>. Wh en the pat tern is st arted, the DSL framer uses its inte rnal 51 1 pa ttern generator for its DSL TX d ata instea d of[...]

54 3. Ensure th at a DSL li nk is est ablished. Y ou can v erify an es tablished DSL li nk by using the system s how sta tus command or by check ing that t he DSL LED is solid green. Upon exec uting the sho w statu s comma nd, the dsl l ink state is shown as success if the DSL li nk is esta blished. 4. At the co mmand prompt, e nter the comm and re[...]

55 Figure 27 is a scree nshot of open ing a typ ical remote c onsole sess ion: Figure 27. Opening a typica l remote co nsole ses sion How to Disconne ct . The remote co nsole sessio n ends un der any of the foll owing cond itions: • The user e nte r s th e co mma nd logout • A tim eout period of 5 minutes e lapses s ince the us er has entered a[...]

56 > The time out peri od is a fixed , non-confi gurabl e param eter of 5 mi nutes. If the remo te 3088RC (far -end) has re ceived no com mand within 5 min- utes, it automatical ly terminate s the RCS. O nce the RCS is terminated, the PC ( far-end) can es tablish a local con sole session if desired. How- ever if th e PC (n ear-end) wishes to re-[...]

57 • dsl set loopb ack lal : Do not iss ue this c omm an d ov er th e R CS to t he far-end 30 88RC. If the far-end goes into LAL, the near-en d and far- end 308 8RC NTUs ca n no longer c ommunicate ov er the RCS. 5.4 SOF TWARE UPGRADE The Mod el 3088RC is software u pgradeable th rough the con sole port. Softw are images w ill be availab le in In[...]

58 7. O p en Mo del 30 88R C Cons ole (via H ype r T e rmin al or o the r ter min al emul a tio n p ro gr am). >>Transfer >>Send Text File... >>Set “Files of Type:” to “All files (*. *)” >>Select 033252Z.hex 8. When the transfer com pletes, turn o ff the Model 3088RC . 9. Set the DI P switches for th e proper confi g[...]

59 APPE NDIX A S PECI FICATIONS A.1 C LOCKING MODE S Internal, external (V .35 only), or receive rec overed A.2 DTE RATE All 64k steps from 64 to 4608 k bps A.3 SERIAL INTER F ACE V .35 (M odel 3088R C/A/I), DCE orient ation; X.21 (Mod el 3088RC/D/ V), DCE or DTE orientatio n depending on orien- tatio n of daughter board mounted on the mothe r boar[...]

60 test mo de is in prog ress. It blin ks once if a n error is detecte d either during a test mode, o r in norma l DSL operation. A.7 C ONFI GURATI ON Config uration is done with either ex ternall y access ible DI P switches, C LI or through the EOC (Embed ded Operatio ns Channel) fro m a Model 3096R C G .SHDSL concentrat ion card. A.8 T RANSM ISSI[...]

61 APPE NDIX B MODEL 3088RC INTERFACE PI N ASSIGNMENTS B .1 RJ- 1 1 NON-SHIELD ED DSL POR T Single tw isted-pair (TP) for full-dupl ex transmissi on. The sign als are polarity insensitiv e. B .2 V .35 INTER FA CE (M/34F Fema le C onn ec tor: DCE Confi gur atio n) Pin # Signal 1 2T i p 3R i n g 4 Pin # Signal B SGND ( Signal Gro und) C RTS (Request [...]

62 B .3 E1 INTER F ACE RJ-48C fem ale conn ec tor B .4 X.21 IN TER FACE D-sub- 15 female co nnector (DTE/ DCE orient ation) Pin # Signal 1 Recei ve (Ring) 2 Recei ve (T ip) 3S h i e l d 4 T ransmit (Ring) 5 T ransmit (T ip) 6S h i e l d 7 No conne cti o n 8 No conne cti o n Pin # Signal 1 Frame Ground 2 T - Tran smit Dat a-A (DTE Source) 3 C - Cont[...]

63 B .5 RS-232 C ONSOLE INTER F ACE RJ-45 non-shielded c onnector (EIA -561) B .6 ETHERNET INT ER FA CE RJ-45 non -sh iel de d conn ec tor Pin # Signal 1D S R ( o u t ) 2 CD (out) 3D T R ( i n ) 4 Signa l Ground 5 RD (out) 6T D ( i n ) 7 CTS (out) 8R T S ( i n ) Pin # Signal 1T D + 2T D - 3 RD+ 4 No conne cti o n 5 No conne cti o n 6 RD- 7 No conne[...]

64 NOTES ______ _________ ___________ ___________ _________ _________ ______ _________ ___________ ___________ _________ _________ ______ _________ ___________ ___________ _________ _________ ______ _________ ___________ ___________ _________ _________ ______ _________ ___________ ___________ _________ _________ ______ _________ ___________ _______[...]