Texas Instruments TI-84+SE manuale d’uso

TI-84 Plus TI-84 Plus Silver Edition © 2004 T exas Instr uments Incorp orated Windows and Macint osh are trademar ks of their respe ctive owners.[...]

ii Important Information T exas Instruments makes no warranty , either express or implied, including but not limited to any imp lied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpo se, regarding any programs or book materials and makes suc h materials availa ble solely on an "as-is" basis. In no event shall T exas Instrum[...]

iii USA FCC Information Concerning Radio Fr equency Interference This equipment has been tested and fo und to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protec tion against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, use[...]

iv About the TI-84 Plus and TI-84 Plus Silver E dition The TI-84 Plus Silver Edition is th e same as the TI-84 Plus except: • it has more memory , a nd thus more spaces for graphi ng handheld software applications (Apps). • it has interchang eable faceplat es that let you customize the appearance of your TI-8 4 Plus Silver Edition. Since all th[...]

Table of Contents v 1 Getting Started .................................................................. 1 TI-84 Plus keys ............. ........... .............. ........... .............. .............. .... 1 T urning the TI-84 Plus on and of f ........................ ........... ........... .... 2 Home screen ......... ........... ...........[...]

vi Solving a System of Nonli near Equations............. .............. ......... 62 Using a Program to Create the Sierpinski T riangle.................... . 63 Graphing Cob web Attractors .................. .............. ........... ........... . 64 Using a Program to Guess the Coefficients ............. .............. ...... 65 Graphing the Unit[...]

Getting Started 1 1 Getting Started TI-84 Plus keys y Provides acc ess to the function or characte r shown above each key . ƒ Provides access to th e characte rs shown above each key . Œ Displays a menu that lists Applications installed on the TI-84 Plus. É T urns on the TI-84 Plus . } ~ † | Let you move the cursor in four directio ns. ‘ Cle[...]

2 Getting Started T urning the T I - 8 4 P l u s on and of f T o turn on the TI-84 Plus, press É . The É key is located at the lower left corner of the TI-84 Plus. T o turn off the TI-84 Plus, press the y key f ollowed by the É key . OFF is the second function of É . When you turn of f the TI-84 Plus, all settings and memory contents are retain[...]

Getting Started 3 Example: Add 2 + 3 on the home screen. Note: Results are displayed on the next li ne (the answer li ne), not on the entry line. Example: Multiply 5 x 4. y and ƒ keys Most keys on the TI-84 Plus can perform two or more functions. T o use a function printe d on a key , pres s the key . T o use a function printed above a key , you m[...]

4 Getting Started Note: The flashin g cu rsor changes to Þ when you press the y key . ƒ key The ƒ key lets you ente r the alphabetic charac ters and some spec ial symbols. T o enter T , for example, press ƒ (and then release it) and then press ¶ . In the guidebook this key combination is indicated by ƒ [T]. If you have sever al alphabetic cha[...]

Getting Started 5 • Select it from the CA T ALOG, if the function appears on the CA T ALOG. For example, press y N , press † to move down to log( , and pr ess Í to select log( . — or — • Select it from a menu, if avai lable. For examp le, to find the roun d function, pr ess  , press ~ to se lect NUM , then select 2:round( . Example: E[...]

6 Getting Started Installing New Faceplates Using the Clock Use the Clock to set the time and da te, select the clock displa y format, and turn the clock on and off. The clock is turned on by default and is access ed from th e mode scr een. Displaying the Clock Settings 1. Align the top of the faceplate in the correspondi ng grooves of the TI-84 Pl[...]

Getting Started 7 Changing the Clock settings Error Messages 1. Press the ~ or | to highlig ht the date format you want, example: M/D/Y . Press Í . 2. Press † to highlight YEAR. Press ‘ and type the year , example: 200 4. 3. Press † to highlight MONTH . Press ‘ and type the number of the month (a number from 1–12). 4. Press † to highli[...]

8 Getting Started T urning the Clock On There are two option s to turn t he clock on. On e option is through the MODE screen, the other is through the Catalog. Using the Mode Screen to turn the clock on Using the Catalog to turn the clock on T urning the Clock Off TI-84 Plus menus Many function s and instruc tions are entered o n the home sc reen b[...]

Getting Started 9 Some menus close automatically when you make a selection, but if the menu remains open, press y5 to exit. Do not pr ess ‘ to exit, since this will sometimes delete your selection. Example: Enter on the home screen entry line. Example: Change the FORMA T menu setting to display grid points on the graph. Press R esult  4 — or[...]

10 Getting Started Example: T urn of f the di splay of grid poi nts. Note: Press y5 or ‘ to close the FORMA T menu and return to the home screen. Summary of menus on the TI-84 Plus † † ~ Í s Press R esult y . † † Í Press T o display Œ APPLICA TIONS menu — to see a list of TI-8 4 Plus graphing handheld software applications (APPS). y [...]

Getting Started 11 Editing and delet ing Y o u can change any ex pression or entry us ing the backs pace | key , the delete { key , or the insert y6 key . Y ou can make a chang e before or after you press Í . Example: Enter the expression 5 2 + 1, and then change th e express ion to 5 2 + 5. y N CA T ALOG menu — to select from a complete, alphab[...]

12 Getting Started Example: Enter the expression 5 2 + 1, and then change the expression to 5 2 N 5. Example: Change th e example above to 5 2 +2 N 5 using y[ to recall the expression and y6 to insert + 2 into the expression. Press R esult 5 ¡ Ã 1 | | { { ¹ 5 Í Press R esult y [ | | y 6 Ã 2 Í[...]

Getting Started 13 Using ¹ and Ì Many graphing handhelds (including the TI-84 Plus) make a distinction between the symbols for su btract ion and nega tion. Use ¹ to enter subtraction operations. Use Ì to enter a negative number in an operation, in an expression, or on a setu p screen. Example: Subtract 10 from 25. Example: Add 10 to L 25. Examp[...]

14 Getting Started Using par entheses Since all calculations inside pare nthes es are completed first, it is sometimes important to place a po rtion of an expr ession inside parentheses . Example: Multiply 4 … 1+2; then multiply 4 … (1+2). Note: The closing parenthe sis ¤ is optional. The operation will be completed if you omit it. The excepti[...]

Getting Started 15 Example: Calculate 16 ^ . Example: Calculate ( L 3) 2 . Note: T ry each of these examples with out the parentheses and see what happens! Storing a value V alues are stored to and recalled from memory using variable names. Example: Store 25 to variable A and multiply A by 2. Press R esult 1 6 › £ 1 ¥ 2 ¤ Í Press R esult £ ?[...]

16 Getting Started Example: Find the value of 2X 3 N 5X 2 N 7X + 10 when X = L 0.5. Y o u can remove a value stored to a variable using the DEL VAR function or by stor ing 0 to the variabl e. Í 2 ¯ ƒ [A] Í — or — ƒ [A] ¯ 2 Í Press R esult Ì Ë 5 ¿ „ Í (stores L .5 to X) 2 „ › 3 ¹ 5 „ ¡ ¹ 7 „ Ã 1 0 Í Press R esult[...]

Getting Started 17 Example: Delete the value ( L .5) stor ed to X above by storin g 0. Graphing a function Press R esult 0 ¿„ Í „ Í o Displays the Y= Editor , wher e you can enter one or more functions or expression s to graph. p Lets you set the view ing window to produce the best displa y of your graph. „ Lets you enter one of four symb [...]

18 Getting Started T o graph a function, you must: 1. Display the Y= Editor . 2. Enter the function. 3. Display the graph. Note: If you previous ly changed gra ph type in the mode sett ings, you must change the type back to Func (the default setting) before you graph. Example: Graph the function Y = X 2 + 1. Note: If Y1 is not empty , press ‘ . I[...]

Getting Started 19 Example: Change the mode setting for decimals from Float to 3 decima l places. Note: Y ou must press Í to change a mo de setting. If you highlight the setting and then exit the mode me nu without pressing Í , the setting will not be c hanged. The mode menu includes the following settings: Press R esult z † ~ ~ ~ ~ Í y 5 1 Ë[...]

20 Getting Started The importance of mode settings Example: Multiply 2/3 Q 2. T ype of graph • Func (functional): plots functi ons, where Y is a function of X • Par (parametric): plots re lations, where X and Y are functions of T • Pol (polar): plots functions, where r is a function of ô q • Seq (sequence): p lots sequen ces Plot type • [...]

Getting Started 21 Y o ur first reaction to this exa mple is that the graphing handheld has produced a wrong answer . But you have s et it to ro und to 0 d ecimal places (the nearest whol e number), so for this setting the answer is correct. If you set rounding (decimals displayed) to 0 a nd then forget to reset it for later calculations, you may b[...]

22 Getting Started Xmin: the minimum value of X to be di splayed. Xmax: the maximum value of X to be displaye d. Ymin: the minimum value of Y to be displayed. Ymax: the maximum value of Y to be displayed. Xcsl (X scale): the distanc e between the tick marks on the X axis. Yscl (Y scale): the distance between the tick marks on the Y axis. Xr es: pix[...]

Getting Started 23 Using q The TI-84 Plus has ten predefined wi ndow sett ings that l et you quic kly adjust the graph window to a predetermined level of magnification. T o display this menu, press q . Building a table T ables are useful tools for c omparin g values for a function at multiple points. y 5 Selection Result 1: ZBox Lets you draw a box[...]

24 Getting Started Example: Build a table to evaluate the function Y = X 3 N 2X at each integer between L 10 and 10. Press R esult z † † † Í (sets function graphing mode) o „  3 ¹ 2 „ y - Ì 1 0 Í (sets TblStart; default settings shown for the other fields a re appro priate) y 0[...]

Getting Started 25 Note: Press † repeatedly to see the changes in X and Y . Clearing the Y= Editor Before procee ding with the remaining examples in this guidebook, clear the Y= Editor . Using the CA T ALOG The CA T ALOG is an alphabetic list of all functions and in structions on the TI-84 Plus. Some of these items are also available on keys and [...]

26 Getting Started Example: Enter the rand function on the home screen. Performing simple calculations Changing a decimal to a fraction Example: Add 1/2 + 1/4 and change your answer to a fraction. Press R esult y N [R] † Í Press R esult 1 ¥ 2 Ã 1 ¥ 4 Í  1 Í The Ø indicates that Alpha-lock is on.[...]

Getting Started 27 Finding the least common multiple Example: Find the least common multiple of 15 and 24. Finding the square r oot Example: Find the square root of 256. Finding the factorial of numbers Example: Compute the factorial of 5 and 30. Press R esult  ~ } } Í 1 5 ¢ 2 4 ¤ Í Press R esult y C 2 5 6 ¤ Í Press R esult 5  ~ ~ ~ 4 ?[...]

28 Getting Started Solving trigonometric functions Example: Find the sine of an angle of 72 ¡ . If you are solving multiple p roblems using angles, be su re that mode is set to Degree. If you are in Radian mode and do not wish to change the mode, you can use y; Í (as you did in this example) to add the degree symbol to the calcul at ion and overr[...]

Getting Started 29 Example: Find the roots fo r the equat ion X 2 N 13X N 48 = 0. If you do not see eqn:0= as shown above, pr ess } (the up arrow), and then press ‘ to erase the existing equation. Press R esult  } Í Press R esult „ ¡ ¹ 1 3 „ ¹ 4 8 Í ƒ [...]

30 Getting Started The two roots are M 3 and 16. Since you did not enter a guess , the TI-84 Plus used 0 (the default guess) and fi rst returned the answer nearest 0. T o find other roots, you must enter an other guess. In this example, you entered 100. Entering data into lists Y o u can enter data into lists using either of two methods: • Using [...]

Getting Started 31 Using the statistical list editor Example: Store 5, 6, 7, and 8 to list 2 (L2). ¿ y d Í Press R esult … Í ~ } ‘ Í (if L2 already contains data) 5 Í 6 Í 7 Í 8 Í Press R esult[...]

32 Getting Started Plotting data When you have statistical data stored in lists, you can display the data you have collected in a scatter plot , xyLine, his togram, box plot, or normal prob ability plot. Y ou will need to: 1. Determine which lists contain your data. 2. T ell the TI-84 Plus which lists of data you want to plot and define the plot. 3[...]

Getting Started 33 T ell the TI -84 Plus which lists you want to plot Press R esult y , 4 Í (turns plots off if any plot s are on) y , Í Í (turns Plot1 on) † † y 9 Í (enters L1 as the Xlist)[...]

34 Getting Started Note: This step is optional and is not ne cessary unless there is a previous entry in the Y= Editor . If there are additional entries in the Y= Editor , press † ‘ until all are clear . Display the plot † y 9 † Í (enters L2 as the Ylist) † ~ Í (selects + as the plotting mark) o ‘ Press R esult s q } } Í (selects Zoo[...]

Getting Started 35 Note: If you would like to add the re gression line to a scatter plot, adding Y1 t o the en d of the instruction: L inReg(ax+b) L1 , L2, Y1 . (Press  ~ Í Í to add Y1.) Press s to see the regression line. Calculating a linear r egr ession If you wish to calculate the linear regr ession for data, you can do so using the LinReg[...]

36 Getting Started Calculating statistical variabl es The TI-84 Plus lets you easily calcul ate one-variable or two-variable statistics for data that you have entered into lists. Example: Using the data that you entered into L1 from the previous section “Using ¿ “, calculate one-variable statistics. Press R esult … ~ Í y d Í[...]

Getting Started 37 Using the MA TRIX Editor Creating a new matrix Note: When you press Í , the cursor a utomati cally highlights the next cell so that y ou can continue en tering or editing values. T o enter a new value, you ca n start typing wi thout pressing Í , but you must press Í to edit an existing valu e. Using matrices to s olve systems [...]

38 Getting Started Example: Solve 3X + 3Y = 24 and 2X + Y = 13 Press R esult y > ~ ~ † Í 2 Í 3 Í 3 Í 3 Í 2 4 Í 2 Í 1 Í 1 3 Í y 5 y > ~[...]

Getting Started 39 Y o u can interpret the result ing matrix as: [1 0 5] represents 1X + 0Y = 5 or X = 5 [0 1 3] represents 0X + 1Y = 3 or Y = 3 The solution to this system of equations is X = 5, Y = 3. Grouping Grouping lets you make a copy of tw o or more variables an d store them in the Flash memory of the TI-84 Plus. T his function is si milar [...]

40 Getting Started Grouping lets you keep these lists to gethe r for future use. Instead of trying to locate the correct lists and remember which ones were collecte d together , you can simply recall the group. Grouping also saves space on your graphing handheld by cop ying variables fro m RAM to Flash memory . Example: Group lists L1, L2, and L3 a[...]

Getting Started 41 Ungro uping T o use variables that have been grou ped, you must ungrou p. Example: Ungroup GROUPA. 4 Í † Í † Í ~ Í Press R esult y L Press R esult[...]

42 Getting Started Error messages Occasionally , when you enter a functi on or in struction or attempt to display a graph , the TI-84 Pl us will return an error message. For more details, see Appendix B 8 ~ Í 3 (to overwrite all three lists) Press R esult[...]

Getting Started 43 Example: Enter the least common mu ltiple fun ction lcm( followed by only one number . If you selec t 1:Quit , you return to the home sc reen with the cursor on a new entry line. If you select 2:Goto , you return to the original entry line; the cursor is flashing at the location of the error . Y ou can now correct the error and c[...]

44 Getting Started WARNING: If you reset All RAM in step 3 above, you will delete stored variables, lists, applications, and pr ograms. Be sure you ha ve backed up any essential data before you select this option. Installing applications Graphing hand held softwa re applicatio ns (Apps) let you up date the functionality of your T I-84 Plus by in st[...]

Getting Started 45 3. Reduce the size of the Explorer window so you can see the TI Connect deskto p icon. 4. Click the applic ation file you want to transfer . 5. Drag the appl ication file out o f Explorer and dr op it on the TI Connect deskto p icon. Instructions for Macintosh® 1. Connect the TI Co nnectivity C able USB for Macint osh/Windo ws b[...]

46 Getting Started Qu i ck re fe ren c e Battery pr ecautions T ake these precau tions wh en replac ing batt eries. • Do not leave batteries with in the reach of children. • Do not mix new and used batteries . Do not mix brands (or types within brands) of batteries. • Do not mix rechargea ble and non-recharg eable batteries . • Install batt[...]

Activities 47 2 Activit ies The Quadratic Formula Entering a Calculation Use the quadratic formula to solve the quadratic equations 3x 2 +5 x+2=0 a n d 2 x 2 N x + 3 = 0. Begin with the equat ion 3x 2 +5 x+2=0 . 1. Press 3 ¿ ƒ [A] (above  ) to store the coeffi cient of the x 2 term. 2. Press ƒ [:] (above Ë ). The colon allows you to enter mo[...]

48 Activities Converting to a Fraction Y o u can show the solution as a fraction. T o save keystrokes, you can recall th e last expression you entered, and then edit it for a new calculat ion. 6. Press Í to find one so lution for the equation 3 x 2 +5 x+2=0 . The answer is shown on the right side of the display . The cursor moves to the next line,[...]

Activities 49 Displaying Complex Results Now solve the equation 2 x 2 N x + 3 = 0. When you set a+b i complex number m ode, the TI-84 Pl us displays complex results. 5. Press } to move the cursor onto t he + sign in the formula. Press ¹ to edit the quadratic-formula expression to become: 6. Press Í to find the ot her solution for the quadratic eq[...]

50 Activities Note: An alternative for solving equations for real numbers is to use the built-in Equati on Solver . Box with Lid Defining a Function T ake a 20 cm × 25 cm. sheet of paper and cut X × X squares from two corners. Cut X × 12.5 cm r ectangles from the othe r two corners as shown in the diagram below . Fold the paper into a box with a[...]

Activities 51 Defining a T able of V alues The table feature of t he TI-84 Plus displays num eric information about a function. Y ou can use a ta ble of values from the functi on you just define d to estimate an answer to t he problem. 1. Press y - (above p ) to display the T ABLE SETUP menu. 2. Press Í to accept TblStart=0 . 3. Press 1 Í to defi[...]

52 Activities Zooming In on the T able Y o u can adjust the way a table is displayed to get more information about a defined function. With smaller values for @ Tbl , you can zoom in on the ta ble. 1. Press 3 Í to set TblStart . Press Ë 1 Í to set @ Tbl . This adjusts the table setup to get a more accurate estimate of X for maximum volume Y1 . 2[...]

Activities 53 Setting the Viewing Wi ndow Y ou also can use the graphing featur es of the TI -84 Plus t o find th e maximum value of a previou sly defined func tion. When the grap h is activated, the viewing wi ndow defi nes the displayed portion of the coordinate plane. The va lues of t he window vari ables deter mine the size of the viewing win d[...]

54 Activities Displaying and T racing the Graph Now that you have defined the fu nction to be grap hed and the window in which to g raph it, you can display and exp lore the graph. Y ou can trace along a func tion using the TRACE feature. 1. Press s to graph the selected function in the viewi ng window . The graph of Y1=(20 N 2X)(25 à 2 N X)X is d[...]

Activities 55 Zooming In on the Graph T o help identify maxim ums, minimu ms, roots, and inters ections of functions, you ca n magnif y the viewing window at a specific lo cation using the ZOO M instructions. 7. Press Í . The trace cursor jumps to the point on the Y1 function evalu ated at X=3.8 . 8. Press | and ~ until you are on the maximum Y va[...]

56 Activities Finding the Calculated Maximum Y o u can use a CALCULA TE menu operation to calculate a loc al maximum of a functi on. 4. Press p to display the new window settings. 1. Press y / (above r ) to display the CALCULA TE me nu. Press 4 to select 4:maximum . The graph is displayed again with a Left Bound? prompt. 2. Press | to trace along t[...]

Activities 57 Comparing T est Results Using Box Plot s Problem An experiment found a significan t difference between boys and girls pertaining to their ability to identify objects held in their left hands, whi ch are controlled by the right side of their brains, versus their right hands, which are controlled by the left side of their brains. The TI[...]

58 Activities Procedur e 1. Press … 5 to select 5:SetUpEditor . Enter list names WLEF T , WRGHT , MLEF T , and MRGHT , separated by commas. Press Í . The stat list editor now contains only these four lists. 2. Press … 1 to select 1:Edit . 3. Enter into WLEF T the number of correct guesses each woman made using her left hand ( Wom en Le f t ). [...]

Activities 59 Use | and ~ to examine minX , Q1 , Med , Q3 , and m axX for eac h plot. Notice th e ou tlier to the women’ s right-hand data. What is the median for the left hand? For the right hand? With which hand were the women more accurate guesse rs, according to the b ox plots? 9. Examine the men’ s results. Redefine plot 1 to use MLEF T , [...]

60 Activities Procedur e 1. Press z . Select Func and the default settings. 2. Press o . T urn off all functions an d stat plots. Enter the Y= function to describe th e fine. Use the TEST menu operat ions to define the piecewise function. Set the graph style for Y1 to í (dot). 3. Press p and set Xmin= L 2 , Xscl=10 , Ymin= L 5 , and Yscl=1 0 . Ign[...]

Activities 61 3. Enter the statement of the inequality as Y6 . This func tion evaluat es to 1 if true or 0 if false. 4. Press q 6 to graph the ineq uality in the stan dard window . 5. Press r † † to move to Y6 . Then press | and ~ to trace the inequality , observing the value of Y . 6. Press o . T urn off Y4 , Y5 , and Y6 . Enter equations to g[...]

62 Activities Solving a System of Nonline ar Equations Problem Using a graph, solve the equation x 3 N 2x=2cos(x). Stated another way , solve the system of two equati ons and two unknowns: y = x 3 N 2x and y = 2cos(x). Use ZOOM factors to control the deci mal place s displayed on th e graph. Procedur e 1. Press z . Select the default mode settings.[...]

Activities 63 9. Press q . Select 2:Zoom I n and repeat steps 4 through 8 to explore the apparent function intersection on the le ft side of the display . Using a Pr ogram to Cr eate the Sierpinski T riangle Setting up the Program This program creates a drawing of a famous frac tal, the Sierpinski T riangl e, and stores the dra wing to a pictu re. [...]

64 Activities After you execute the program above, you can recall and d isplay the picture with the instruction RecallPi c 6 . Graphing Cobweb Att ractors Problem Using Web format, you can id entify points with attracting and repelling behavior in sequence graphing. Procedur e 1. Press z . Select Seq and the default mode settings. Press y . . Selec[...]

Activities 65 6. Change K to 3.44 and trace the graph to show a cobweb with two attractors. 7. Change K to 3.54 and trace the graph to show a cobweb with four attractors. Using a Pr ogram to Guess th e Coef ficients Setting Up the Program This program graphs the function A sin(BX) with random integer coefficients between 1 and 10. T ry to gues s th[...]

66 Activities Graphing the Unit Cir cle and T rigonom etric Curves Problem Using parametric graphing mode, graph the unit circle an d the sine curve to show the relationship between them. Any function that can be plotted in Func mode can be plotted in Par mode by defining the X component as T and the Y component as F(T) . : L 2 p ! Xmin :2 p ! Xmax[...]

Activities 67 Procedur e 1. Press z . Select Par , Simu l , and the default settings. 2. Press p . Set the viewing window . 3. Press o . T urn off all functions and stat plots. Enter the expressions to define the uni t circle cent ered on (0,0). 4. Enter the expressions to define the sine curve. 5. Press r . As the graph is pl otting, you may pre s[...]

68 Activities Procedur e 1. Press z . Select the default mode settings. 2. Press p . Set the viewing window . 3. Press o . T urn off all functions and st at plots. Enter the upper and lower functions. Y1=300X à (X 2 +625) Y2=3cos(.1X) 4. Press y / 5 to select 5:Intersect . The graph is di splayed. Select a first curve, second curve, and gu ess for[...]

Activities 69 A ferris wheel has a diameter (d) of 20 met ers and is rotating counterclockwise at a rate (s) of one revolution ever y 12 seconds. The parametric equations below describe the location of a ferr is wheel passenger at time T , where a is the angle of rotation, (0,0 ) is the bottom center o f the ferr is wheel, and (10, 10 ) is the pass[...]

70 Activities 4. Press s to graph the equations. Watch closely as they are plotted. Notice that the ball and the ferris wheel passenger appe ar to be closest where the paths cross in the top-righ t quadran t of the ferris wheel. 5. Press p . Change th e viewing window to concentrate on this portion of the gr aph. 6. Press r . After th e graph is pl[...]

Activities 71 Demonstrating the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus Problem 1 Using the function s fnInt( and nDeriv( from the MA TH menu to graph functions defined by integrals and der ivatives demonstrates graphically that: and that Procedur e 1 1. Press z . Select the default settings. 2. Press p . Set the viewing window . 3. Press o . T urn off all[...]

72 Activities 6. Press r . Again, use the cursor keys to compare the values of the two graphed functi ons, Y3 and Y4 . Problem 2 Explore the functions defined by ,, a n d Procedur e 2 1. Press o . T urn off all functions and stat plots. Use a list to define these three functions simultaneo usly . Store the function in Y5 . 2. Press q 6 to select 6:[...]

Activities 73 Computing Ar eas of R egular N-Sided Polygons Problem Use the equation solver to store a formula for the area of a regula r N-sided polygon, and then solve for each variable, given the other variables. Explore the fact tha t the li miting case is the a rea of a circle, p r 2 . Consider the for mula A = NB 2 sin( pà N) cos( pà N) for[...]

74 Activities 4. Press } } to move th e cursor onto A , and then press ă . The solution for A is displayed on the interactive solver editor . 5. Now solve for B for a given a rea with variou s number of sides. Enter A=200 and N=6 . T o find the distance B , move the cursor onto B , and then press ƒ . 6. Enter N=8 . T o find the distanc e B [...]

Activities 75 Y2= p B 2 (the area of the ci rcle) is a horizont al asympt ote to Y1 . The area of an N-si ded regular polygo n, with r as the distance from the center to a vertex, approaches the area of a circle with radius r ( p r 2 ) as N gets large. Computing and Gra phing Mortgage Paym ents Problem Y o u are a loan officer at a mortga ge compan[...]

76 Activities Now compare the graph of the amount of interest with the graph of the amount of principal for each payment. 4. Press z . Set Par and Simul . 5. Press o . T urn off all functions and stat plots. Enter these equations and set the graph styles as shown. Note: G Prn( and G Int( are located on the FINANCE menu ( APPS 1:FINANCE ). 6. Press [...]

Activities 77 The graph shows that for the 240th payment ( X=240 ), 44 1.97 of the 800 payment is interest ( Y=441.97 ). 9. Press y 5 Œ Í 9 to paste 9:bal( to the home screen. Check the figures from the graph. At which monthly p ayment will th e principal alloca tion surpass the interest allocation?[...]

78 Activities[...]

Memory and V ariab le Management 79 3 Memory and V ariable Mana gement Checking A vailable Memory MEMOR Y Menu At any time you can che ck availa ble memory or manage existing memory by selecting items from the MEMOR Y menu. T o access this menu, press y L . T o check memory usage, first press y L and then select 2:Mem Mgmt/De l . MEMORY 1: About ..[...]

80 Memory and V ariable Manageme nt A vailable RAM, Ar chive, and App Slots The TI-84 Plus / TI-84 Plus Silver Edition has Archive, RAM, and Application (App) slot memory for yo u to use and manage. The available RAM stores comput ations, lists , variab les, and dat a. The available Archive lets you store programs, Apps , and groups. The App slots [...]

Memory and V ariab le Management 81 1. Press y L to display the MEMOR Y menu. 2. Select 2:Mem Mgmt/De l to display the MEMOR Y MANAGEMENT/ DELETE menu. Th e TI-84 Pl us expre sse s memory quantities in bytes. 3. Select variable types from the list to display memory usage. Notes: Real , List , Y-Va rs , and Prgm variable types never reset to zero, e[...]

82 Memory and V ariable Manageme nt 2. Select 2:Mem Mgmt/De l to display the MEMOR Y MANAGEMENT/ DELETE menu. 3. Select the type of data yo u want to delete, or select 1:All for a list of all variables of all types. A screen is disp layed listing each variable of the type you selected an d th e number of byt es each vari able is usin g. For example[...]

Memory and V ariab le Management 83 ClrAllLists ClrAllLists sets the dimension of each list in RAM to 0 . T o clear all elements from all lists, follow these steps. 1. Press y L to display the MEMOR Y menu. 2. Select 4:ClrAllLists to paste the in struction to the hom e screen. 3. Press Í to set the dimension of each list in memory to 0 . To c a n [...]

84 Memory and V ariable Manageme nt Lists L1 , L2 , L3 , L4 , L5 , L6 , and user -defined names yes yes Programs yes yes Functions Y1 , Y2 , . . . , Y9 , Y0 no not applicable Parametric equations X1T and Y1T , .. . , X6T and Y6T no not applicable Polar functions r1 , r2 , r3 , r4 , r5 , r6 no not applicable Sequence function s u , v , w no not appl[...]

Memory and V ariab le Management 85 Archiving and un archiving can b e done in tw o ways: • Use the 5:Archive or 6:UnAr chive commands from the MEMOR Y menu or CA T ALOG . • Use a Memory Management editor scr een. Before archivin g or unarchiv ing variables, par ticularly those with a large byte size (such as large programs) us e the MEMORY men[...]

86 Memory and V ariable Manageme nt Note: An asterisk will be displayed to the left of the Archived variable name to indicate it is archived. T o archive or unarchive a list variab le (L1) using a Me mory Management editor: 1. Press y L to display the MEMOR Y menu. 2. Select 2:Mem Mgmt/De l to display the MEMOR Y MANAGEMENT/ DELETE menu. 3. Select [...]

Memory and V ariab le Management 87 5. Press y 5 to leave the LI ST menu. Note: Y ou can acce ss an archived variab le for the purpo se of linking, deleting, or un archiving it, b ut you cannot edit it. Resetting the TI-84 Plus RAM ARCHIVE ALL Menu Reset displays the RA M ARCHIVE ALL menu. This menu gives you the option of resetting all memory (inc[...]

88 Memory and V ariable Manageme nt Resetting RAM Memory Resetting all RAM restores RAM system variables to factory se ttings and deletes all nonsystem var iables and all programs. Resetting RAM defaults restores all system variables to defaul t settings without deleting variables and programs in RAM. Resetting all RAM or resett ing defaults does n[...]

Memory and V ariab le Management 89 2. Select one of the following: 1:V ars to display the RESET ARC V ARS menu. 2:Apps to display the RESET ARC APPS me nu. 3:Both to display the RESET ARC BOTH menu. 3. Read the message below the menu. • T o cancel the reset and return to the hom e screen, press Í . • T o continue with the reset , select 2:Res[...]

90 Memory and V ariable Manageme nt Before you reset all memory , consider restoring sufficient available memory by deleting only selected data. T o reset all memory on the TI -84 Plus, follow these steps. 1. From the RAM ARCHIVE ALL menu, press ~ ~ to display the ALL menu. 2. Select 1:All Memory to display the RESET MEMOR Y menu. 3. Read the messa[...]

Memory and V ariab le Management 91 3. Press Í to display the GROUP menu. 4. Enter a name for the new group and press Í . Note: A group name can be one to eight characters long . The first character must be a letter from A to Z or q . The second thro ugh eighth characters can be letters, num bers, or q . 5. Select the type of data you want to gro[...]

92 Memory and V ariable Manageme nt Repeat the selec tion process u ntil all varia bles for the new gr oup are selected and then press ~ to display the DONE menu. 7. Press Í to complete the grouping process. Note: Y ou can only group variabl es in RAM. Y ou cannot group some system variables, such as the last-answer variable Ans and the statistica[...]

Memory and V ariab le Management 93 • When you select 2:Overwrite , the unit overwrit es the data of the duplicate vari able name found in RA M. Ungroupi ng resumes. • When you select 3: Overwrit e All , th e unit overwrites the data of all duplicate variable names found in RAM . Ungrouping resumes. • When you select 4:Omit , the un it does n[...]

94 Memory and V ariable Manageme nt The Garbage Collect? message lets you know an archive will take longer than usual. It al so ale rts you that the archive will fail if there is not enough memory . The message can al s o alert you when a program is caught in a loop that repetitively fills th e user da ta archive. Select No to cancel the garbage c [...]

Memory and V ariab le Management 95 Each variable that you archive is sto red in the first empty block lar ge enough to hold it. This proces s continues to the e nd of th e last sect or . Dependin g on the size of individual variab les, th e empty blocks may account for a significan t amount o f sp ace. Garbage c ollection occurs when th e variable[...]

96 Memory and V ariable Manageme nt When you una rchive a vari able, the Ar chive fr ee amount inc reases immediately , but the space is not actu ally available until af ter the next garbage collecti on. If the Archive free amount shows enoug h available sp ace for your variable, there probably wi ll be enou gh space to arc hive it after garbage co[...]

Memory and V ariab le Management 97 ERR:ARCHIVE FULL Message An ERR:ARCHIVE FULL message may be displayed: • When there is insuf ficient space to archive a variable within a continuous bl ock and within a si ngle sector . • When there is insu fficient spac e to store an appl ication within a continuous block o f memory . When the message is dis[...]

98 Memory and V ariable Manageme nt[...]

Communication Li nk 99 4 Communication Link Getting Started: Sending V ariables Getting Started is a fa st-paced introdu ction. Read the ch apter for details. Create and store a variable and a ma t rix, and then transfer them to another TI-84 Plus. 1. On the home screen of the sending unit, press 5 Ë 5 ¿ ƒ Q . Press Í to store 5.5 to Q . 2. Pre[...]

100 Communicat ion Link TI-84 Plus LINK This chapter describes how to communicate with compatible TI units. The TI-84 Plus has a USB port to connect and communicate with another TI-84 Plus or TI-84 Plus Silver Edition. A USB unit-to-u nit cable is included with the TI-84 Plus. The TI-84 Plus also has an I/O port using a I/O unit-to-unit cable to co[...]

Communication Li nk 101 Connecting T wo Graphing Handhelds with a USB Unit-to- Unit Cable or an I/O Unit-to-Unit Cable USB Unit-to-Unit Cable I/O Unit-to-Unit Cable TI-84 Plus to a TI-83 Plus using I/O Unit-to-Unit Cable Linking to the CBL/CBR System The CBL 2™ and the CBR™ are optional access ories that al so connect to a TI-84 Plus with the I[...]

102 Communicat ion Link Linking to a Computer With TI Connec t™ software and the USB computer cable that is included with your TI-84 Plus, you can link th e graphing hand held to a persona l computer . Selecting Items to Send LINK SEND Menu T o display the LINK SEND me nu, press y 8 . When you select an item on the LINK SEND menu, the correspondi[...]

Communication Li nk 103 Note: Each SELECT screen, except All+… , is initially displayed with nothing pre-sel ected. A ll+… is displa yed with everyt hing pre- selected. T o select item s to send: 1. Press y 8 on the sending unit to di splay the LINK SEND menu. 2. Select the menu item that desc ribe s the data type to send. The corresponding SEL[...]

104 Communicat ion Link 3. Press Í to select 1:T ransmit . The name and type of each item are displayed line-by-lin e on the sending unit as the item is queued for transmission, and then on the re ceivin g unit as each item is accept ed. Note: Items sent from the RAM of the sending unit are transmitted to the RAM of the receiving unit. Items sent [...]

Communication Li nk 105 4. On the other un it, press y 8 ~ to display the RECEIVE menu. 5. Press Í on the receiving unit. 6. Press Í on the sending un it. A copy of the selected item(s) is sent to the receiving unit. 7. Disconnect the link cable onl y from the receiving unit and connect it to anothe r unit. 8. Press y 8 on the sending unit. 9. Se[...]

106 Communicat ion Link 4. Select the menu of the items you want to transmit. 5. Press ~ on the sending TI-84 Plus to display the LINK TRANSMIT menu. 6. Confirm that the receiving un it is set to receive. 7. Press Í on the sending TI-84 Plus to select 1:T ransmit and begin transmitting. Receiving Items LINK RECEIVE Menu T o display the LINK RECEIV[...]

Communication Li nk 107 When you select 3:Omit , the sending unit does not send the data in the duplicated variable na me. T ransmi ssion resumes with the next item. When you select 4:Quit , transmission stops, and th e receiving un it exits receive mode. Receiving from a T I-84 Plus Silver Edition or TI-84 Plus The TI-84 Plus Silver Edition and th[...]

108 Communicat ion Link 6. Press Í on the receiving unit to continue the backup. — or — Press 2:Quit on the receiving unit to canc el the backup and return to the LINK SEND menu Note: If a transmission error is returned during a backup, the receiving unit is reset. Memory Backup Complete When the back up is comp lete, both the send ing graphin[...]

Communication Li nk 109 • Although a tr ansmission erro r does not occur , these two conditions may prevent succe ssful transmission. • Y ou tr y to use Get( with a graphing handheld instead of a CB L 2™ or CBR™. • Y ou try to use GetCalc( with a TI-83 instead of a TI-84 Plus or TI-84 Plus Silver E dition. Insufficient Memory in Re ceivin[...]

110 Communicat ion Link[...]

Appendix A: T ables and Reference Informa tion 111 A Appendix A: T a bles and Reference Information T able of Functions and Instructions Functions return a value, list, or matrix. Y ou can use functions in an expression. Instructions initiate an ac tion. Some function s and instructions have arguments. Optional arguments and accompanying commas are[...]

112 Appendix A: T ables and Reference Information ANOV A( list 1 , list2 [ , list3 , ... , list20 ] ) Performs a one-way analysis of variance for comparing the means of two to 20 populati ons. … TESTS F:ANOV A( Ans Returns the last answer . y Z Archive Moves the specified variables from RAM to the user data archive memory . y L 5:Archi ve Asm( as[...]

Appendix A: T ables and Reference Informa tion 113 bal( npmt [ , roundvalu e ] ) Computes the balan ce at npmt for an amortization schedule using sto red values for PV , æ , and PMT and rounds the computation to r oundvalue. Œ 1:Finance CALC 9:bal( binomcdf( numtrials , p [ , x ] ) Computes a cumulative probabilit y at x for the discrete bino mia[...]

114 Appendix A: T ables and Reference Information checkTmr( starttime ) Returns the number of seconds si nce you used startTmr to start the timer . The starttime is the value displayed by startTmr . y N checkTmr( Circle( X , Y , radius ) Draws a circle with cente r ( X , Y ) and radius . y < DRAW 9:Cir cle( Clear Entries Clears the contents of t[...]

Appendix A: T ables and Reference Informa tion 115 Connected Sets connecte d plotting mode; resets all Y= editor graph-style settings to ç . † z Connected Coor dOff T urns off cursor coordinate value display . † y . CoordOf f Coor dOn T urns on curs or coordinate val ue display . † y . CoordOn cos( value ) Returns cosine of a real number , e[...]

116 Appendix A: T ables and Reference Information dayOfWk( year ,month,day ) Returns an integer from 1 to 7, with each integer representing a day of the week. Use dayOfWk( to determine on whic h day of the week a particular date would occur . The year must be 4 dig its; month and day can be 1 or 2 digit. y N dayOfWk( 1:Sunday 2:Monday 3:T uesday ..[...]

Appendix A: T ables and Reference Informa tion 117 DiagnosticOn Sets diagnostics-on mode; r , r 2 , and R 2 are displayed as regression model results. y N DiagnosticOn dim( listname ) Returns the di mension of listname . y 9 OPS 3:dim( dim( matrixname ) Returns the dimension of matrixname as a list. y > MA TH 3:dim( length ! dim( listname ) Assi[...]

118 Appendix A: T ables and Reference Information DrawF expression Draws expr essio n (in terms of X ) on the graph. y < DRAW 6:DrawF DrawInv expr ession Draws the inve rse of expr ession by plotting X values on the y-axis and Y values on the x-axis. y < DRAW 8:DrawInv :DS<( variable , value ) : commandA : commands Decrements variable by 1[...]

Appendix A: T ables and Reference Informa tion 119 ExpReg [ Xlistname , Ylistname , fr eqlist , r egequ ] Fits an exponential regression model to Xlistname and Ylistname with frequency fr eqlist , and stores the regression equation to r egequ . … CALC 0:ExpReg ExprOff T urns off the expression display during TRACE . † y . ExprOff ExprOn T urns [...]

120 Appendix A: T ables and Reference Information fMin( expr ession , variable , lower , upper [ , tolerance ] ) Returns t he value of variable where the local minimum of expr ession occurs, between lower and upper , with spec ified tolerance .  MA TH 6:fMin( fnInt( expression , variable , lower , upper [ , tolerance ] ) Returns the function int[...]

Appendix A: T ables and Reference Informa tion 121 value 4 Frac Displays a rea l or complex number , expression, list, or matrix as a fraction simplified to its simplest terms.  MA TH 1: 4 Frac Full Sets full screen mode. † z Full Func Sets function graphing mode. † z Func GarbageColle ct Displays the garbage collection menu to allo w cleanu[...]

122 Appendix A: T ables and Reference Information GetCalc( variable [ ,portflag ] ) Gets contents of variable on another TI-8 4 P lus and stores it to variable on the rec eiv ing TI-84 Plus. By default, the TI-84 Plus uses the USB port if it is connected. If the US B cable is not conne cted, it uses the I/O port. portflag =0 use USB port if connect[...]

Appendix A: T ables and Reference Informa tion 123 getTime Returns a li st giving t he time according to the current value of the clock. The list is in {hour ,minute,second} format. The time is returned in the 24 hour format. y N getTime getTmFmt Retur ns an integer representing the clock time format that is currently set on the device. 12 = 12 hou[...]

124 Appendix A: T ables and Reference Information Horizontal y Draws a horizontal line at y . y < DRAW 3:Horizontal identity( dimension ) Returns the identity matrix of dimension rows x dimension columns. y > MA TH 5:identity( :If condition : commandA : commands If condition = 0 (false), skips commandA . †  CTL 1:If :If condition :Then :[...]

Appendix A: T ables and Reference Informa tion 125 Input [ Str n , variable ]D i s p l a y s Str n and stores entered value to variable . †  I/O 1:Input inString( string , substring [ , start ] ) Return s the cha racter position in string of the first character of substring beginning at start . y N inString( int( value ) Returns the largest in[...]

126 Appendix A: T ables and Reference Information Ù listname Identifies the next one to five characters as a user- created list name. y 9 OPS B: Ù LabelOf f T urns of f axes labels. † y . LabelOf f LabelOn T urns on axes labels. † y . LabelOn Lbl label Creates a label of one or two characters. †  CTL 9:Lbl lcm( valueA,valueB ) Returns th[...]

Appendix A: T ables and Reference Informa tion 127 LinRegTT est [ Xlistname , Ylistname , fr eqlist , alternative , r egequ ] Performs a linear regression and a t -test. alternative = L 1 is <; alternative = 0 is ƒ ; alternative = 1 is >. † … TESTS E:LinRegTT est @ List( list ) R eturns a list con taining the differences between consecut[...]

128 Appendix A: T ables and Reference Information max( valueA , valueB ) Retur ns the larger of valueA and valueB .  NUM 7:max( max( list ) Return s largest re al or complex element in list . y 9 MA TH 2:max( max( listA , listB ) Returns a real or complex list of the larger of each pair of elements in list A and listB . y 9 MA TH 2:max( max( val[...]

Appendix A: T ables and Reference Informa tion 129 min( listA , listB ) Returns real or complex list of the smaller of each pair of elements in listA and listB . y 9 MA TH 1:min( min( value,list ) Returns a real or complex list of the smaller of value or each list element. y 9 MA TH 1:min( valueA nCr valueB Returns the number of combinations of val[...]

130 Appendix A: T ables and Reference Information normalcdf( lowerbound , upperbound [ , m , s ] ) Computes the nor mal distributio n probabili ty between lowerbound and upperbound for the specified m and s . y = DISTR 2:normalcdf( normalpdf( x [ , m , s ] ) C omputes t he probab ility density functi on for the normal distribution at a specified x [...]

Appendix A: T ables and Reference Informa tion 131 Output( ro w , column , " text ") Displays text beginnin g at specified ro w and column . †  I/O 6:Output( Output( ro w , column , value ) Displays value beginnin g at specified ro w and column . †  I/O 6:Output( Param Sets parametric graphing mode. † z Par Pause Suspends prog[...]

132 Appendix A: T ables and Reference Information PlotsOn [ 1,2,3 ] Selects all stat plots or one or more specifie d stat plots ( 1 , 2 , or 3 ). y , ST A T PLOTS 5:PlotsOn Pmt_Bgn Specifies an annuity due, where payments occur at the beginnin g of each payment period. Π1:Finance CALC F:Pmt_Bgn Pmt_End Specifies an ordinary annuity , where paymen[...]

Appendix A: T ables and Reference Informa tion 133 prod( list [ , start , end ] ) Returns produc t of list elements between start and end . y 9 MA TH 6:pr od( Prompt variableA [ , variableB , ... , variable n ] Prompts for value for variableA , then variableB , and so on. †  I/O 2:Pr ompt 1-PropZInt( x , n [ , confidence le vel ] ) Computes a [...]

134 Appendix A: T ables and Reference Information PwrReg [ Xlistname , Ylistname , fr eqlist , r egequ ] Fits a power regression model to Xlistname and Ylistname with frequency fr eqlist , and st ores the regression equation to r egequ . … CALC A:PwrReg Pxl-Change ( ro w , column ) Re verses pixel at ( ro w , column ); 0  ro w  62 and 0 [...]

Appendix A: T ables and Reference Informa tion 135 Radian Sets radian a ngle mode. † z Radian rand [ ( numtrials ) ] Re turns a ra ndom number between 0 and 1 for a specified number of trials numtrials .  PRB 1:rand randBin( numtrials , pr ob [ , numsimulations ] ) Generates and displays a random real number from a specified Binomial distribut[...]

136 Appendix A: T ables and Reference Information RecallGDB n Restores all settings stored in the graph database variable GDB n . y < STO 4:RecallGDB RecallPic n Displays the graph and adds the picture stored in Pic n . y < STO 2:RecallPic complex value 4 Rect Displays complex value or list in rectangular forma t.  CPX 6: 4 Rect RectGC Set[...]

Appendix A: T ables and Reference Informa tion 137 row S wa p ( matrix , ro w A , ro w B ) Returns a ma trix with ro w A of matrix swapped with ro w B . y > MA TH C:rowSwap( rref ( matrix ) Retur ns the reduced row- echelon form of a matrix . y > MA TH B:rref( R 4 Pr( x , y ) Retu rns R , given rectangular co ordinates x and y or a list of re[...]

138 Appendix A: T ables and Reference Information 2-SampTT est [ listname1 , listname2 , fr eqlist1 , fr eqlist2 , alternative , pooled , drawflag ] (Data list input) Computes a two-sample t test. alternative = L 1 is < ; alternative = 0 is ƒ ; alternative = 1 is > . pooled = 1 pools variances; pooled = 0 does not pool variances. drawflag = [...]

Appendix A: T ables and Reference Informa tion 139 2-SampZT est( s 1 , s 2 , v 1 , n1 , v 2 , n2 [ , alternative , drawflag ] ) (Summary stats input) Computes a two-sample z test. alternative = L 1 is < ; alternative = 0 is ƒ ; alternative = 1 is > . drawflag = 1 draws results; drawflag = 0 calculates results. † … TESTS 3:2-SampZT est( S[...]

140 Appendix A: T ables and Reference Information setTime( hour ,minute, second ) Sets the time using an hour , minute, second format. The hour must be in 24 hour format, in which 13 = 1 p.m. y N setTime( setTmFmt( integer ) Sets the time format. 12 = 12 hour format 24 = 24 hour format y N setTmFmt( SetUpEditor Removes all list names from the stat [...]

Appendix A: T ables and Reference Informa tion 141 Shade Ü ( lowerbound , upperbound , numerator df , denominator df ) Draws the density function for the Û distributio n specifie d by numerator df and denominator df and shades the area between lowerbound and upperbound . y = DRAW 4:Shade Ü ( ShadeNorm ( lowerbound , upperbound [ , m , s ] ) Draw[...]

142 Appendix A: T ables and Reference Information SinReg [ iterations , Xlistname , Ylistname , period , r egequ ] Attemp ts iterations time s to fit a sinusoidal regression model to Xlistname and Ylistname using a period guess, and stores the regression equation to r egequ . … CALC C:SinReg solve( expr ession , variable , guess ,{ lower , upper [...]

Appendix A: T ables and Reference Informa tion 143 Stop Ends program exec ution; returns to home screen. †  CTL F:Stop Store: value ! variable Stores value in variable . ¿ StoreGDB n Stores current graph in database GDB n . y < STO 3:StoreGDB StorePic n Stores current picture in picture Pic n . y < STO 1:Stor ePic String 4 Equ( string ,[...]

144 Appendix A: T ables and Reference Information tcdf( lowerbound , upperbound , df ) Computes the Stud ent- t distributio n probabili ty between lowerbound and upperbound for the specified degrees of freedom df . y = DISTR 5:tcdf( Te x t ( ro w , column , text1 , text2 , ... , text n ) Writ es text on graph beginni ng at pi xel ( ro w , column ),[...]

Appendix A: T ables and Reference Informa tion 145 T- T e s t m 0 [ , listname , fr eqlist , alternative , drawflag ] (Data list input) Performs a t test with frequency fr eqlist . alternative = L 1 is < ; alternative = 0 is ƒ ; alternative = 1 is > . drawflag = 1 draws results; drawflag = 0 calculates results. † … TESTS 2:T -T est T- T [...]

146 Appendix A: T ables and Reference Information uvAxes Sets sequence graphs to plot u( n ) on the x- axis and v( n ) on the y-axis. † y . uv uwAxes Sets sequence graphs to plot u( n ) on the x- axis and w( n ) on the y-axis. † y . uw 1-V ar Stats [ Xlistname , fr eqlist ] Performs one-variable analysis on the data in Xlistname with frequency [...]

Appendix A: T ables and Reference Informa tion 147 ZBox Displays a graph, lets you draw a box that defines a new viewing windo w , and updates the win dow . † q ZOOM 1:ZBox ZDecimal Adjusts the viewing window so that @ X=0.1 and @ Y=0.1 , and displays the graph scre en with the origin centered on the screen. † q ZOOM 4:ZDecimal ZInteger Redefin[...]

148 Appendix A: T ables and Reference Information ZoomStat Redefines the viewing window so th at all statistical data points are displayed. † q ZOOM 9:ZoomStat ZoomSto Immediately stores the current viewing wind ow . † q MEMOR Y 2:ZoomSto ZPrevious Replot s the graph usin g the window variables of the graph that was displayed before you execute[...]

Appendix A: T ables and Reference Informa tion 149 ZT rig Replot s the functions immediately , updating the window variables to preset values for pl otting trig functions. † q ZOOM 7:ZT rig Factorial: value ! R eturns fac torial of value .  PRB 4:! Factorial: list ! Ret urns fact orial of list elements.  PRB 4:! Degrees notation: value ¡ I[...]

150 Appendix A: T ables and Reference Information Cube: value 3 Return s the cub e of a re al or complex nu mber , expression, list, or square matrix.  MA TH 3: 3 Cube roo t: 3 ‡ ( value ) Retur ns the cube root of a real or complex n umber , expression, or list.  MA TH 4: 3 ‡ Equal: valueA = val ueB Return s 1 if valueA = valueB . Return[...]

Appendix A: T ables and Reference Informa tion 151 Greater than or equal: valueA ‚ valueB Return s 1 if valueA ‚ valueB . Returns 0 if valueA < valueB . val ueA and valueB can be real or complex numbers, expressions, or lists. y : TEST 4: ‚ Inverse: value L 1 Returns 1 divided by a real or complex numbe r or expre ssion. — Inverse: list [...]

152 Appendix A: T ables and Reference Information Power of ten: 10^( value ) Returns 10 ra ised to the value power . value can be a real or complex numbe r or expressi on. y G Power of ten: 10^( list ) Returns a list of 10 rai sed to the list power . y G Square root: ‡ ( value ) Returns square root of a real or complex n umber , expression, or li[...]

Appendix A: T ables and Reference Informa tion 153 Addition: listA + listB Returns li stA elements plus listB elements. Ã Addition: matrixA + matrixB Return s matrixA elem ents plus matrixB elements. Ã Concatena tion: string1 + string2 Concatenates two or more strings. Ã Subtraction: valueA N valueB Subtracts valueB from valueA . ¹ Subtraction:[...]

154 Appendix A: T ables and Reference Information Va r i a b l e s User V ariab les The TI-84 Plus uses the variables listed below in various ways. Some variables are restricted to specific data types. The variables A through Z and q are defined as real or complex numbers. Y o u may store to them. The TI-84 Plus can update X , Y , R , q , and T dur[...]

Appendix A: T ables and Reference Informa tion 155 • ZXmin , ZXmax , ZXscl , ZT step , ZPlotStart , Zu( n Min) , and other ZOOM variables. The variables below are reserved for use b y the TI-84 Plus. Y ou cann ot store to them. n , v , Sx , s x , minX , maxX , Gy , G y 2 , G xy , a , b , c , RegEQ , x1 , x2 , y1 , z , t , F , c 2 , Ç , v 1 , Sx1[...]

156 Appendix A: T ables and Reference Information ANOV A( The ANOV A Ü statistic is: Ü = The mean squares ( MS ) that make up Ü are: The sum of squares ( SS ) that make up the mean squares are : The degrees of freedom df that make up the mean squares a re: Ü Ü 2-SampF T est Below is the definition for the 2 - Samp Ü Te s t . where: I Sxi ni =[...]

Appendix A: T ables and Reference Informa tion 157 2 - Samp Ü Te s t for the alternative hypothesis . 2 - Samp Ü Te s t for the alternative hypothesis . 2 - Samp Ü Te s t for the alternative hypothesis s 1 ƒ s 2 . Limits must satisfy the following: where: [ Lbnd,Ubnd ]=l o w e r a n d upper limits The Ü -statistic is used as the bound pr oduci[...]

158 Appendix A: T ables and Reference Information where the computation of S and df are dependent on whether the variances are pooled. If th e variances ar e not pooled: otherwise : and Sxp is the pooled variance. S Sx 1 2 n 1 --------- - Sx 2 2 n 2 --------- - + = d f Sx 1 2 n 1 --------- - Sx 2 2 n 2 --------- - +    2 1 n 1 1 ?[...]

Appendix A: T ables and Reference Informa tion 159 Financial Formulas This section co ntains fina ncial fo rmulas for computing time value of money , amortiza tion, cash flow , in terest-rate conversions, and days between dates. Time V alue of Money where: PMT = 0 The iteration used to compute i : where: PMT y x C/Y P/Y I% ƒ = = = = = 0 C/Y ÷ P/Y[...]

160 Appendix A: T ables and Reference Information where: i ƒ 0 where: i= 0 where: i ƒ 0 where: i= 0 where: i ƒ 0 where: i= 0 where: i ƒ 0 where: i = 0 Amortization If computing bal () , pmt2 = npmt Let bal ( 0 ) = RND ( PV ) Iterate from m = 1 to pmt2 N – PV FV + () PMT ÷ = PMT – i G i ---- - PV PV FV + 1 i + () N 1 – -------------------[...]

Appendix A: T ables and Reference Informa tion 161 then: Balance, pri ncipal, and i nterest are depe ndent on the values of PMT , PV , æ , and pmt 1 and pmt 2 . Cash Flow where: Net present value is dependent on the values of the in itial cash fl ow ( CF 0 ), subsequent cash flows ( CFj ), frequency of eac h cash flow ( nj ), and the specified int[...]

162 Appendix A: T ables and Reference Information Days between Dates With the dbd( function , you can en ter or compute a date within the range Jan. 1, 1950, through Dec. 31, 2049. Actual/actual day-count method (assumes actual number of days per month and actual numbe r of days per year): dbd ( (days betw een dates) = Number of Days II - Number of[...]

Appendix B: Ge neral Inform ation 163 B Appendix B: General Information Battery Information When to Replace the Batteries The TI-84 Plus uses five batterie s: four AAA alkaline batteries and one SR44SW or 303 silver oxide backup battery . The silver oxide battery provides auxiliary power to retain memory while you replace the AAA batteries. When th[...]

164 Append ix B: Ge neral Information Battery Precautions T ake these precau tions wh en replac ing batt eries. • Do not leave batteries within reac h of children • Do not mix new and used batteries . Do not mix brands (or types within brands) of batteries. • Do not mix rechargea ble and nonrech argeable bat teries. • Install batteries acco[...]

Appendix B: Ge neral Inform ation 165 new battery , + side up. Replace the cover and secure it with the screw . Use a SR44SW or 303 (or equivalent) silver oxide battery . 4. Replace the battery c ompartment cover . T urn the gra phing handheld on and adjust the display contrast, if necess ary , by pressing y } or † . Important Things Y ou Ne ed t[...]

166 Append ix B: Ge neral Information ERR:DIM MISMA TCH Error Y o ur TI-84 Plus displays the ERR:DIM MISMA TCH error if you are trying to perform an operation that ref erences one or more lists or matrices whose dimensions do not match. F or ex ample, mult iplyin g L1*L2, wher e L1={1,2,3,4,5} and L2 ={1,2} produces an ERR:DIM MISMA TCH error becau[...]

Appendix B: Ge neral Inform ation 167 Backups Y o ur TI-84 Plus is simila r to a computer , in that it stores files and Apps that are important to you. It is al ways a good idea to back up your graphing handheld device fil es and Ap ps using the TI Connect™ so ftware and a USB computer cab le. Y ou can find the speci fic procedu res for backing u[...]

168 Append ix B: Ge neral Information 3. If the busy indicator (dotted line ) is displayed, a graph or program has been pau sed; the TI -84 Plus is wait ing for inpu t. Press Í to continue or press É to break. 4. If a checkerboar d cursor ( # ) is displayed, then either you have entered the maximum number of char acters in a prompt, or memory is [...]

Appendix B: Ge neral Inform ation 169 Erro r Conditions When the TI-84 Pl us detect s an err or , it returns an error mess age as a menu title, such as ERR:SYNT AX or ERR:DOMAIN . This table contains each error type, possi ble causes, and suggestions for corr ection. The error types listed in this tabl e are each preceded by ERR: on your grap hing [...]

170 Append ix B: Ge neral Information BOUND •I n a CALC operation or wi th Select( , you defined Left Bound > Right Bound . •I n fMin( , fMax( , solve( , or the equation solv er , you entered lower ‚ upper . BREAK Y ou pressed th e É key to break execution of a program, to halt a DRAW instruction, or to stop evaluation of an expression . [...]

Appendix B: Ge neral Inform ation 171 DOMAIN • Y ou specified an argument to a function or instruction outside the valid rang e. This error is not returned during gr aphing. The TI-84 Plus allows for undefined valu es on a graph. See Appendix A. • Y ou attempted a logarithmic or power regression with a L X or an exponential or power regression [...]

172 Append ix B: Ge neral Information INCREMENT • The incr ement in seq( is 0 or has the wrong sign. This error is not re turn ed duri ng graphin g. The TI-84 Plus allows for undefined values on a graph. • The increment in a For( loop is 0. INV ALID • Y ou attempted to ref erence a variable or use a function where it is not valid. For example[...]

Appendix B: Ge neral Inform ation 173 ITERA TIONS •T h e solve( function or the equat ion solver has exceeded the maximum number of permitted iterations. Examine a graph of the func tion. If the equatio n has a solu tion, chan ge the boun ds, or the initial guess, or both. • irr( has exceed ed the maximum number o f permitted iterat ions. • W[...]

174 Append ix B: Ge neral Information NO SIGN CHNG •T h e solve( function or the equat ion solver did not detect a sign change. • Y ou att empted to compute æ when FV , ( Ú … PMT ), and PV are all ‚ 0, or when FV , ( Ú … PMT ), and PV are all _ 0. • Y ou att empted to compute irr( when neither CFList nor CFO is • 0, or when neit[...]

Appendix B: Ge neral Inform ation 175 ST A T Y ou att empted a stat calcul at ion with lists that are not appropria te. • Statistical analyses must have at least two da ta points. • Med-Med must have at least three points in each partition. • When you use a frequency list, its elements must be ‚ 0. •( Xmax N Xmin ) à Xscl must be ‚ [...]

176 Append ix B: Ge neral Information Accuracy Information Computational Accuracy T o maximize accuracy , the TI-8 4 Plus ca rries more digits internally than it displays. V alues are store d in memory using up to 14 digits with a two- digit exponent. • Y ou can store a value in the window variables using up to 10 digits (12 for Xscl , Yscl , Ts [...]

Appendix B: Ge neral Inform ation 177 • RegEQ disp lays up to 14 dig its in Float mode. Using a fixed-decimal setting other than Float causes RegEQ results to be rounded and stored with the sp ecif ied number of decimal places. Xmin is the center of the leftmost pixel, Xmax is the center of the next- to-the-r ightmost pi xel. (The right m ost pix[...]

178 Append ix B: Ge neral Information Function Limits Function Results Function Range of Input V alues sin x , cos x , tan x 0  | x | < 10 12 (radian or degree) sin L 1 x , cos L 1 x L 1  x  1 ln x , log x 10 L 100 < x < 10 100 e x L 10 100 < x  230.258509299 40 10 x L 10 100 < x < 10 0 sinh x , cosh x | x |  230.25[...]

Appendix B: General Information 17 9 T exas Instruments Sup port and Service For general information For technical support For product (hardwar e) service Customers in t he U.S., Canada , Mexico, Puerto Rico and Vi rgin Islands: Always contact T exas Instruments Customer Support before returning a product for service. All other customers: Refer to [...]

180 Append ix B: Ge neral Information T exas Instruments (TI) W arranty Information Customers in the U.S. and Canada Only One-Y ear Limited W arranty for Commerc ial Electronic Prod uct This T e xas Instruments (“TI”) electroni c product wa rranty extends only to t he original purchaser and user of the product. W arranty Durat ion. This TI elec[...]

Appendix B: Ge neral Inform ation 181 Australia & New Zealand Cust omers only One-Y ear Limited W arranty for Commercial Electr onic Product This T exa s Instruments electronic product warranty extends only to the original purchaser and user of the product. W arranty Duration. This T exas Instruments electronic product is warranted to the origi[...]

182 Append ix B: Ge neral Information All Other Customers For information about the length and ter ms of the warranty , refer to your package and/or to the warranty statement enclosed with this product, or con- tact your local T exas Instruments retailer/distr ibutor .[...]

Index Index 183 Symbols ( - (degrees notation) 149 ( - (negation) 151 ( – (subtraction) 153 ( ! (factorial) 149 ( ! Store 143 ( ! dim( (assig n dimension) 117 ( # (not equal to) 150 ( $ ( (square root) 152 ( ' (minutes notatio n) 153 ( ) Int( (sum of interest) 125 ( ) Prn( (sum of principa l) 132 ( * (multiplication) 152 ( *row( 136 ( *row+([...]

184 Index Ans (last answer) 81 , 112 applications installing 44 running 45 Apps 81 AppVars 81 Archive 83 , 112 archive full erro r 97 , 169 garbage collection 94 memory error 94 archived variables 154 Asm( 112 AsmComp( 112 AsmPrgm( 112 augment( 112 Automatic Power Down™ 2 axes, displaying (Axe sOn, AxesOff) 112 AxesOff 112 AxesOn 112 B backing up[...]

Index 185 Equ 4 String( (equat ion-to-string conversion ) 118 List 4 matr( (list-to-matrix conversion ) 127 Matr 4 list( (matrix-to-list conversion ) 127 P 4 Rx(, P 4 Ry( (p olar-to- rectangular conver sion) 134 R 4 Pr(, R 4 P θ ( (rectangul ar-to-pola r conversion ) 137 String 4 Equ( (strin g-to-equatio n conversion ) 143 convert time, timeCnv( )[...]

186 Index entering alphabetic characters 4 data into lists 30 expressions 4 lists to plot 33 Equ 4 String( (equat ion-to-string conversion ) 118 equal-to relational test (=) 150 equation sol ver 28 error messages 42 errors messages 169 examples—appli cations area between curves 67 areas of regular n-sided polygons 73 box plots 57 box with lid 50 [...]

Index 187 Fix (fixed-d ecimal mode) 119 fixed-decimal mod e (Fix) 119 Float (floating- decimal mode) 119 floating-dec imal mode (Float) 119 fMax( (function maximu m) 119 fMin( (function minimum) 120 fnInt( (function in tegral) 120 FnOff (function off) 120 FnOn (function on) 120 For( 120 formulas amortization 160 ANOVA 156 cash fl ow 161 days betwee[...]

188 Index int( (greatest integer) 125 integer part (iPart( ) 125 interest rate conversions formula 161 internal rate of return (irr( ) 125 inverse ( / ) 151 inverse cumulative normal distribution (invNorm( ) 125 invNorm( (inverse cumulative normal distribution) 125 iPart( (integer part) 125 irr( (internal rate of return) 125 IS>( (increment and [...]

Index 189 Eng (notation) 118 Fix (decimal) 119 Float (decimal) 11 9 Full (screen) 121 Func (graphin g) 121 G-T (screen) 123 Horiz (screen) 123 importance 20 Normal (not ation) 129 Par/Param (graph ing) 131 Pol/Polar (graphi ng) 132 Radian (angle ) 135 re^ θ i (complex pola r) 135 Real 135 Sci (notation) 139 Seq (graphing) 139 Sequential (gra phing[...]

190 Index Pxl-Off( 134 Pxl-On( 134 pxl-Test( 134 Q QuadReg (quadratic regression) 134 QuartReg (quartic regression) 134 quick reference key commands 46 Quit 92 , 107 R R (radian notation) 149 R 4 Pr(, R 4 P(( (rectangular-to-polar conversions) 137 Radian angl e mode 19 , 135 radian notation ( R ) 149 RAM ARCHIVE ALL menu 87 rand (rando m number ) 1[...]

Index 191 startTmr, start timer 142 statistical list editor 31 statistical variable s, calculating 36 stdDev( (standard deviat ion) 142 Stop 143 Store ( ! ) 143 Store key ( v ) 30 StoreGDB 143 StorePic 143 storing values 15 , 16 , 17 String 4 Equ( (strin g-to-equatio n conversions) 143 strings concaten ation (+) 153 length (len gth( ) 126 student- [...]

192 Index user variables 154 uv/uvAxes (axes format) 146 uw/uwAxes (axes format) 146 V variables user and system 154 variance of a list (variance( ) 146 variance( (variance of a li st) 146 Vertical (draw line) 146 vw/uvAxe s (a xes format) 146 W Web (axes format) 146 While 146 X x$ (root) 149 xor (Boolean) exclusi ve or operator 146 Y Y= Editor, cl[...]