Texas Instruments TMS470R1x manuale d’uso

Getting Started Guide 1997 Microcontroller Products[...]

Printed in U.S.A., March 1997 M414003-9741 revision B SPNU1 17B[...]

TMS470R1x Code Generation T ools Getting Started Guide Release 1.20 Literature Number: SPNU1 17B Manufacturing Part Number: M414003-9741 revision B March 1997 Printed on Recycled Paper[...]

IMPORT ANT NOTICE T exas Instruments (TI) reserves the right to make changes to its products or to discontinue any semiconductor product or service without notice, and advises its customers to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify , before placing orders, that the information being relied on is current. TI warrants performance[...]

iii Preface Read This First About This Manual The TMS470R1x Code Generation T ools Getting Started Guide tells you how to install release 1.20 of the TMS470R1x code generation tools on your sys- tem. It also provides the following information: T ells you how to set environment variables for parameters that you use often Gets you started using the c[...]

Notational Conventions / Related Documentation From T exas Instruments iv Here is an example of a command that you might enter: set PATH=c: tool_dir ;%PATH% T o change your path statement to use the tools, enter the command text as shown in bold and replace tool_dir with the name of your tools direc- tory . In syntax descriptions, the instruction,[...]

Related Documentation From T exas Instruments / T rademarks v Read This First TMS470R1x C Source Debugger User ’s Guide (literature number SPNU124) describes the TMS470R1x emulator and simulator versions of the C source debugger interface. This book discusses various aspects of the debugger interface, including window management, command entry , [...]

If Y ou Need Assistance vi If Y ou Need Assistance . . . World-W ide Web Sites TI Online http://www .ti.com Semiconductor Product Information Center (PIC) http://www .ti.com/sc/docs/pic/home.htm Microcontroller Home Page http://www .ti.com/sc/micro North America, South America, Central America Product Information Center (PIC) (972) 644-5580 TI Lite[...]

Contents vii Contents 1 Setting Up the Code Generation T ools With DOS or Windows 3.1x 1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Provides installation instructions for PCs running DOS or Windows 3.1x. 1.1 System Requirements 1-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hardware chec[...]

Contents viii 3 Setting Up the Code Generation T ools With SunOS 3-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Provides installation instructions for the code generation tools for SP ARCstations running SunOS. 3.1 System Requirements 3-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [...]

Contents ix Contents 5 Getting Started With the Code Generation T ools 5-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Provides an overview of how to invoke and use the assembler , linker , and compiler. 5.1 Getting Started With the Assembler and Linker 5-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [...]

x[...]

1-1 Setting Up the Code Generation T ools With DOS or W indows 3.1x This chapter helps you install release 1.20 of the TMS470R1x code generation tools and set up your code-development environment on a 32-bit x86-based or Pentium PC running MS-DOS, PC-DOS, or Windows 3.1x. These tools include an optimizing C compiler and a full set of assembly langu[...]

System Requirements 1-2 1.1 System Requirements T o install and use the code generation tools, you need the items listed in the following hardware and software checklists. Hardware checklist Host 32-bit x86-based or Pentium  based PC with an ISA/EISA bus Memory 4M–16M bytes of RAM plus 32M bytes of hard-disk space for temporary files and 4M by[...]

Installing the Code Generation T ools 1-3 Setting Up the Code Generation T ools With DOS or Windows 3.1x 1.2 Installing the Code Generation T ools This section helps you install the code generation tools on your hard-disk system. The code generation tools package is shipped on CD-ROM. The installation instructions vary according to your operating s[...]

Setting Up the Code Generation Environment 1-4 1.3 Setting Up the Code Generation Environment Before or after you install the code generation tools, you can define environ- ment variables that set certain software tool parameters you normally use. An environment variable is a special system symbol that you define and associate to a string. A progra[...]

Setting Up the Code Generation Environment 1-5 Setting Up the Code Generation T ools With DOS or Windows 3.1x Identifying the directory that contains the executable files (P A TH statement) Y ou must include the tool_dir directory in your P A TH statement so that you can specify the assembler and compiler tools without specifying the name of the di[...]

Setting Up the Code Generation Environment 1-6 Setting default shell options (C_OPTION) Y ou might find it useful to set the compiler , assembler , and linker shell default options using the C_OPTION environment variable. If you do this, the shell uses the default options and/or input filenames that you name with C_OPTION every time you run the she[...]

Setting Up the Code Generation Environment 1-7 Setting Up the Code Generation T ools With DOS or Windows 3.1x Specifying a temporary file directory (TMP) The compiler shell program creates intermediate files as it processes your program. By default, the shell puts intermediate files in the current directory . However , you can name a specific direc[...]

Performance Considerations 1-8 1.4 Performance Considerations Y ou may notice a speed degradation when you use the code generation tools with DOS or Windows 3.1x. This speed degradation may occur when you use DOS with the tools to get appropriate host memory support. If you encounter error messages when you use the tools on a PC with DOS, run PMINF[...]

2-1 Setting Up the Code Generation T ools W ith W indows 95 and Windows NT This chapter helps you install release 1.20 of the TMS470R1x code generation tools and set up your code-development environment on a 32-bit x86-based or Pentium PC running Windows 95 or Windows NT  . These tools include an optimizing C compiler and a full set of assembly [...]

System Requirements 2-2 2.1 System Requirements T o install and use the code generation tools, you need the items listed in the following hardware and software checklists. Hardware checklist Host 32-bit x86-based or Pentium based PC with an ISA/EISA bus Memory Minimum of 16M bytes of RAM plus 32M bytes of hard-disk space for temporary files and 4M [...]

Installing the Code Generation T ools 2-3 Setting Up the Code Generation T ools With Windows 95 and Windows NT 2.2 Installing the Code Generation T ools This section helps you install the code generation tools on your hard-disk sys- tem. The code generation tools package is shipped on CD-ROM. T o install the tools on a PC running Windows 95 or Wind[...]

Setting Up the Code Generation Environment 2-4 2.3 Setting Up the Code Generation Environment Before or after you install the code generation tools, you can define environ- ment variables that set certain software tool parameters you normally use. An environment variable is a special system symbol that you define and assign to a string. A program u[...]

Setting Up the Code Generation Environment 2-5 Setting Up the Code Generation T ools With Windows 95 and Windows NT Identifying the directory that contains the executable files (P A TH statement) Y ou must include the tool_dir directory in your P A TH statement so that you can specify the assembler and compiler tools without specifying the name of [...]

Setting Up the Code Generation Environment 2-6 Identifying alternate directories for the compiler to search (C_DIR) The compiler uses the C_DIR environment variable to name alternate direc- tories that contain #include files and function libraries. T o set the C_DIR envi- ronment variable, use this syntax: set C_DIR= pathname 1 [; pathname 2 . . .][...]

Setting Up the Code Generation Environment 2-7 Setting Up the Code Generation T ools With Windows 95 and Windows NT For more information about shell options, see the TMS470R1x Optimizing C Compiler User ’s Guide . For more information about linker options, see the TMS470R1x Assembly Language T ools User ’ s Guide . Specifying a temporary file d[...]

Where to Go From Here 2-8 2.4 Where to Go From Here Y our code generation tools are now installed on your Windows 95 or Windows NT system. Now you should do each of the following tasks: T urn to Chapter 5, Getting Started With the Code Generation T ools . This chapter provides you with an overview of how to invoke and use the assembler , linker , a[...]

3-1 Setting Up the Code Generation T ools With SunOS This chapter helps you install release 1.20 of the TMS470R1x code generation tools and set up your code-development environment on a SP ARCstation run- ning SunOS  version 4.1.x (or higher) or Solaris  version 2.5.x (or higher). These tools include an optimizing C compiler and a full set of[...]

System Requirements 3-2 3.1 System Requirements T o install and use the code generation tools, you need the items in the following hardware and software checklists. Hardware checklist Host SP ARCstation compatible system with a SP ARCstation 2 class or higher performance Display Monochrome or color monitor (color recommended) Disk space 4M bytes of[...]

Installing the Code Generation T ools 3-3 Setting Up the Code Generation T ools With SunOS 3.2 Installing the Code Generation T ools This section helps you install the code generation tools on your hard-disk sys- tem. The software package is shipped on a CD-ROM. T o install the tools on a SP ARCstation running SunOS or Solaris, you must mount the C[...]

Installing the Code Generation T ools 3-4 Copying the files Be sure you are not logged on as root. After you mount the CD-ROM, you must create the directory that will contain the tools software and copy the software to that directory . 1) Create a tools directory on your hard disk. T o create this directory , enter: mkdir / your_pathname / tool_dir[...]

Setting Up the Code Generation Environment 3-5 Setting Up the Code Generation T ools With SunOS 3.3 Setting Up the Code Generation Environment Before or after you install the code generation tools, you can define environ- ment variables that set certain software tool parameters you normally use. An environment variable is a special system symbol th[...]

Setting Up the Code Generation Environment 3-6 Identifying the directory that contains the executable files (path statement) Y ou must include the tool_dir directory in your path statement so that you can specify the assembler and compiler tools without specifying the name of the directory that contains the executable files. If you modify your .csh[...]

Setting Up the Code Generation Environment 3-7 Setting Up the Code Generation T ools With SunOS For more information on the –i option, see the TMS470R1x Assembly Lan- guage T ools User ’s Guide or the TMS470R1x Optimizing C Compiler User ’s Guide . Identifying alternate directories for the compiler to search (C_DIR) The compiler uses the C_DI[...]

Setting Up the Code Generation Environment 3-8 (Be sure to enclose the options within quotes.) Environment variable options are specified in the same way and have the same meaning as they do on the command line. For example, if you want to always run quietly (the –q option), enable C source interlisting (the –s option), and link (the –z optio[...]

Setting Up the Code Generation Environment 3-9 Setting Up the Code Generation T ools With SunOS T o set the TMP environment variable, use this syntax: For C shells: setenv TMP ” pathname ” For Bourne or Korn shells: TMP=” pathname ” export TMP (Be sure to enclose the directory name within quotes.) For example, to set up a directory named te[...]

Where to Go From Here 3-10 V erifying that the environment variables are set T o verify that the environment variables are set, enter: set This command lists the path and environment variables and their current values. 3.4 Where to Go From Here Y our code generation tools are now installed. Now you should do each of the following tasks: Go to Chapt[...]

4-1 Setting Up the Code Generation T ools on an HP Workstation This chapter helps you install release 1.20 of the TMS470R1x code generation tools and set up your code-development environment on an HP 9000 Series 700  P A-RISC  computer with HP-UX  9.0x. These tools include an optimiz- ing C compiler and a full set of assembly language tool[...]

System Requirements 4-2 4.1 System Requirements T o install and use the code generation tools, you need the items in the following hardware and software checklists. Hardware checklist Host An HP 9000 Series 700 P A-RISC computer Display Monochrome or color monitor (color recommended) Disk space 4M bytes of disk space Required hardware CD-ROM drive [...]

Installing the Code Generation T ools 4-3 Setting Up the Code Generation T ools on an HP Workstation 4.2 Installing the Code Generation T ools This section helps you install the code generation tools on your hard-disk sys- tem. The software package is shipped on a CD-ROM. T o install the tools on an HP workstation, you must mount the CD-ROM, copy t[...]

Installing the Code Generation T ools 4-4 Setting up the software tools using a C shell If you are using a C shell, enter the following: setenv C_DIR ” tool_dir ” setenv A_DIR ” tool_dir ” set path=( tool_dir $path) Y ou can move the setenv and set path commands into your .login or .cshrc file to avoid entering these commands each time you [...]

Setting Up the Code Generation Environment 4-5 Setting Up the Code Generation T ools on an HP Workstation 4.3 Setting Up the Code Generation Environment Before or after you install the code generation tools, you can define environ- ment variables that set certain software tool parameters you normally use. An environment variable is a special system[...]

Setting Up the Code Generation Environment 4-6 Identifying the directory that contains the executable files (path statement) Y ou must include the tool_dir directory in your path statement so that you can specify the assembler and compiler tools without specifying the name of the directory that contains the executable files. If you modify your .csh[...]

Setting Up the Code Generation Environment 4-7 Setting Up the Code Generation T ools on an HP Workstation Identifying alternate directories for the compiler (C_DIR) The compiler uses the C_DIR environment variable to name alternate direc- tories that contain #include files and libraries. T o set the C_DIR environment variable, use this syntax: For [...]

Setting Up the Code Generation Environment 4-8 Environment variable options are specified in the same way and have the same meaning as they do on the command line. For example, if you want to always run quietly (the –q option), enable C source interlisting (the –s option), and link (the –z option), set up the C_OPTION environment variable as [...]

Setting Up the Code Generation Environment 4-9 Setting Up the Code Generation T ools on an HP Workstation T o set the TMP environment variable, use this syntax: For C shells: setenv TMP ” pathname ” For Bourne or Korn shells: TMP=” pathname ” export TMP (Be sure to enclose the directory name within quotes.) For example, to set up a director[...]

Where to Go From Here 4-10 V erifying that the environment variables are set T o verify that the environment variables are set, enter: set This command lists the path and environment variables and their current values. 4.4 Where to Go From Here Y our code generation tools are now installed. Now you should do each of the following tasks: Go to Chapt[...]

5-1 Getting Started With the Code Generation T ools This chapter helps you start using the assembler , linker , and compiler by providing a quick walkthrough of these tools. For more information about invoking and using these tools, see the TMS470R1x Assembly Language T ools User ’ s Guide and the TMS470R1x Optimizing C Compiler User ’s Guide .[...]

Getting Started With the Assembler and Linker 5-2 5.1 Getting Started With the Assembler and Linker This section provides a quick walkthrough of the assembler and linker so that you can get started without reading the entire TMS470R1x Assembly Language T ools User ’s Guide . Example 5–1 through Example 5–6 show the most common methods for inv[...]

Getting Started With the Assembler and Linker 5-3 Getting Started With the Code Generation T ools 3) Now enter the following command to assemble file2.asm: asm470 file2.asm –l This time, the assembler creates an object file called file2.obj. The –l (lowercase L) option tells the assembler to create a listing file; the listing file for this exam[...]

Getting Started With the Assembler and Linker 5-4 Example 5–4. Output Map File, lnker2.map ***************************************************** TMS470 COFF Linker Version 1.20 ***************************************************** Sat Feb 8 15:24:43 1997 OUTPUT FILE NAME: <prog.out> ENTRY POINT SYMBOL: 0 SECTION ALLOCATION MAP output attrib[...]

Getting Started With the Assembler and Linker 5-5 Getting Started With the Code Generation T ools The two files, file1 and file2, can be linked together with or without a com- mand file. However , using a command file allows you to configure your memory using the MEMORY and SECTIONS directives: The MEMORY directive lets you specify a model of targe[...]

Getting Started With the Assembler and Linker 5-6 Example 5–6. Linker Map File (linker2.map) Linked Using a Linker Command File ***************************************************** TMS470 COFF Linker Version 1.20 ***************************************************** Sat Feb 8 15:36:45 1997 OUTPUT FILE NAME: <prog.out> ENTRY POINT SYMBOL: 0[...]

Getting Started With the C Compiler 5-7 Getting Started With the Code Generation T ools 5.2 Getting Started With the C Compiler The TMS470R1x C compiler consists of many phases, including parsing, opti- mization, and code generation. The simplest way to compile is to use the shell program, which is included with the compiler . This section provides[...]

Getting Started With the C Compiler 5-8 3) Also by default, the shell creates a COFF object file as output; however , if you use the –z option, the output is an executable object module. The following examples show two ways of creating an executable object module: a) The example in step 2 creates an object file called function.obj. T o create an [...]

6-1 Release Notes Release Notes This chapter describes the media contents of the TMS470R1x tools kit. The tools are supported on SP ARCstations, HP workstations, and PCs with DOS, Windows 3.1x, Windows 95, or Windows NT . This chapter also contains documentation of tools and features that are new or have been changed since the last release. T opic [...]

Media Contents 6-2 6.1 Media Contents The CD-ROM included in the TMS470R1x tools kit for SP ARCstations and HP workstations contains the files listed in T able 6–1. The CD-ROM included in the TMS470R1x tools kit for PCs contains the files listed in T able 6–2. T able 6–1. Media Contents for SP ARCstations and HP Workstations File Description [...]

Media Contents 6-3 Release Notes T able 6–2. Media Contents for PCs File Description readme.1st Online release bulletin abs470.exe Absolute lister ac470.exe ANSI C parser ar470.exe Archiver asm470.exe Assembler cg470.exe Code generator cl470.exe Compiler shell program clist.exe C source interlist utility hex470.exe Hex conversion utility intvecs.[...]

Release Enhancements 6-4 6.2 Release Enhancements Release 1.20 of the TMS470R1x code generation tools contains general enhancements as well as enhancements specific to the assembler and compiler . The following sections list these enhancements. General enhancements The TMS470R1x general enhancements include the following items: All known bugs have [...]

Release Enhancements 6-5 Release Notes The section in which the entry point of a C program is defined cannot be marked as a conditionally linked section. The compiler marks all function veneers as conditionally linked. Y ou must link with the –a linker option, which creates an absolute, execut- able output module, to enable conditional linking. T[...]

6-6[...]

A-1 T roubleshooting DOS Systems Appendix A T roubleshooting DOS Systems DOS/4GW  is a memory manager that is embedded into the DOS version of the TMS470R1x code generation tools, so you may occasionally see DOS/4GW error messages while you are using the tools. The executable files for DOS/4GW are not shipped as such, nor is any documentation pr[...]

T roubleshooting in the Protected-Mode Environment A-2 A.1 T roubleshooting in the Protected-Mode Environment Getting 32-bit programs to execute properly under DOS can be frustrating. Y our computer ’s configuration and memory management can cause problems that may be difficult to find because many programs are interacting. This list of error mes[...]

T roubleshooting in the Protected-Mode Environment A-3 T roubleshooting DOS Systems The PMINFO32.EXE program Purpose: Run PMINFO.EXE to determine the performance of protected/ real-mode switching and extended memory . Notes: The time-based measurements made by PMINFO may vary slightly from run to run. If this error message appears: DOS/16M error: [[...]

T roubleshooting in the Protected-Mode Environment A-4 PMINFO provides the information shown in T able A–1. T able A–1. PMINFO Fields Measurement Purpose CPU performance Shows the CPU processor equivalent and the speed of the CPU (in MHz) According to BIOS Shows the configured memory in DOS and extended memory as provided by the BIOS (interrupt[...]

Kernel Error Messages A-5 T roubleshooting DOS Systems A.2 Kernel Error Messages This section describes error messages from the DOS/16M kernel embedded in the TMS470R1x code generation tools. Kernel error messages can occur because of severe resource shortages, corruption of the executable file, cor- ruption of memory , operating system incompatibi[...]

Kernel Error Messages A-6 9: cannot allocate tstack Description There is not enough memory to load DOS/4G. Action Make more memory available and try again. 10: cannot allocate memory for GDT Description There is not enough memory to load DOS/4G. Action Make more memory available and try again. 1 1: no passup stack selectors – GDT too small Descri[...]

Kernel Error Messages A-7 T roubleshooting DOS Systems 17: system software does not follow VCPI or DPMI specifications Description Some memory-resident program has put your 386 or 486 CPU into virtual 8086 mode. This is done to provide special memory services to DOS programs, such as EMS simulation (EMS interface without EMS hardware) or high memor[...]

Kernel Error Messages A-8 29: memory error , out of range Description Memory was probably corrupted during execution of your program. Writing through an invalid or stale alias selector may cause this error . Action Check your source code for references to variables that are not declared or are no longer in scope. 32: DPMI host error (possibly insuf[...]

DOS/4G Error Messages A-9 T roubleshooting DOS Systems A.3 DOS/4G Error Messages DOS/4G errors are more common than kernel errors when using DOS/4G or DOS/4GW with the TMS470R1x code generation tools. They are usually re- lated to an unknown path name, corrupt files, or memory problems. Memory problems can include inadequate memory , poor configura[...]

DOS/4G Error Messages A-10 3301 ”unhandled EMPTYFWD, GA TE16, or unknown relocation” 3302 ”unhandled ALIAS16 reference to unaliased object” 3304 ”unhandled or unknown relocation” Description If your program was built for another platform that supports the LINEXE format, it may contain a construct that DOS/4G does not currently support, [...]

Glossary B-1 Glossary Appendix A Glossary A asm470: The name of the command that invokes the assembler for the TMS470R1x. assembler: A software program that creates a machine-language program from a source file that contains assembly language instructions, direc- tives, and macro definitions. The assembler substitutes absolute opera- tion codes for[...]

Glossary B-2 DOS/4GW : A memory extender that is bound with the DOS version of the TMS470R1x code generation tools. The executable DOS/4GW file is not shipped separately but is embedded within the other executables . Error messages from DOS/4GW are included in Appendix A, T roubleshooting DOS Systems , to assist you in debugging. If you receive one[...]

Glossary B-3 Glossary P pragma: Preprocessor directive that provides directions to the compiler about how to treat a particular statement. protected-mode programs: 32-bit extended DOS programs. These programs require an extended memory manager and run on 80386, 80486, and Pentium based PCs only . Protected-mode programs can use all available RAM on[...]

B-4[...]

Index Index-1 Index @ shell option 6-5 A A_DIR environment variable for DOS systems 1-5 for HP workstations 4-6 for SP ARCstations 3-6 to 3-7 for Windows 3.1x systems 1-5 for Windows 95/NT systems 2-5 asm470 definition B-1 invoking 5-2 assembler , definition B-1 assembler walkthrough 5-2 to 5-4 assistance from TI vi C C compiler walkthrough 5-7 to [...]

Index Index-2 D directives MEMORY 5-5 SECTIONS 5-5 directories, software tools for DOS systems 1-5 for HP workstations 4-3, 4-6 for SP ARCstations 3-4, 3-6 for Windows 3.1x systems 1-5 for Windows 95/NT systems 2-5 disk space requirements for HP workstations 4-2 for SP ARCstations 3-2 display requirements for DOS systems 1-2 for HP workstations 4-2[...]

Index Index-3 I installation, software for DOS systems 1-3 for HP workstations 4-3 to 4-4 for SP ARCstations 3-3 for Windows 3.1x systems 1-3 for Windows 95/NT systems 2-3 interlist utility definition B-2 described 5-8 enhancements 6-5 invoking assembler 5-2 to 5-4 compiler 5-7 to 5-8 linker 5-2 to 5-6 K kernel error messages A-5 to A-8 L linker , [...]

Index Index-4 .profile file for HP workstations 4-5 to 4-10 for SP ARCstations 3-5 to 3-10 protected-mode environment, troubleshooting A-2 programs, definition B-3 R real-mode, definition B-3 reinitializing .cshrc file 3-9, 4-9 .profile file 3-9, 4-9 shell 3-9, 4-9 related documentation iv requirements. See hardware checklist; software checklist re[...]

Index Index-5 virtual memory , definition B-3 W walkthrough assembler 5-2 to 5-4 C compiler 5-7 to 5-8 linker 5-2 to 5-4 Windows 3.1x systems requirements 1-2 setting up the environment 1-4 software installation 1-3 Windows 95/NT systems requirements 2-2 setting up the environment 2-4 to 2-7 software installation 2-3[...]

Index-6[...]

IMPORT ANT NOTICE T exas Instruments (TI) reserves the right to make changes to its products or to discontinue any semiconductor product or service without notice, and advises its customers to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify , before placing orders, that the information being relied on is current. TI warrants performance[...]