Toshiba KB-80 manuale d’uso

TOSHIBA TEC CORPORATION EXTERNAL KEYBOARD FOR BAR CODE PRINTER Model: KB-80 BASIC SPECIFICATION First Edition: February 4, 1999 Second Edition: July 16, 1999[...]

i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CONSTANTS AND VARIABLES ........................................................................... 1 LISTS OF COMMANDS, STATEMENTS, AND FUNCTIONS ............................... 3 ABS ...................................................................................................................... 9 ASC ...............[...]

ii Page LEN ...................................................................................................................... 42 LINE INPUT# ........................................................................................................ 43 LOC ............................................................................................[...]

- 1 - CONSTANTS AND VARIABLES CONSTANTS Character constants: A string which is 255 digits or less including alphanumeric, Kana, symbol, and Kanji, enclosed in double quotation marks (”). If a double quotation mark (”) is used in the character string, the CHR$ function should be used. Numeric constants: Integer type: Decimal format : -32768 to +[...]

- 2 - OPERATORS Arithmetic operators: Operator Operation ^ Exponential operation - Sign *, / Multiplication, Real division ¥ Integer division (The quotient is output.) MOD Integer division (The remainder is output.) +, - Addition, Subtraction The operations enclosed in parentheses are processed first. Relational operators: Compares between two val[...]

- 3 - LISTS OF COMMANDS, STATEMENTS, AND FUNCTIONS Declarations and definitions Statement CLEAR Format CLEAR Function Initializes a variable. DIM Format DIM <variable name> ( <subscript> [, <subscript> ] ···) [, <variable name> ( <subscript> [, <subscript> ] ···) ] ··· Function Specifies the max. number [...]

- 4 - IF ~ THEN ~ ELSE Format IF <expression> THEN <statement> [ELSE <statement> ] <line number> <line number> IF <expression> GOTO <line number> [ELSE <statement> ] <line number> Function Judges the condition, and changes the flow of the program. FOR ~ NEXT Format FOR <variable> = <ini[...]

- 5 - Character string process Statement ASC Format ASC ( <character string> ) Function Provides the character code (ASCII) for the first character of the character string. CHR$ Format CHR$ ( <numeric expression> [, <numeric expression> ] ··· ) Function Converts the character code (ASCII and internal sequential code) to a chara[...]

- 6 - Error process Statement ON ERROR Format ON ERROR GOTO <line number> Function Declares that the interrupt for the error process is enabled, and declares the line number of the subroutine to be executed when an error occurs. RESUME Format RESUME [0] NEXT <line number> Function Terminates an error process, and resumes execution of th[...]

- 7 - Communication input/output Statement OPEN COM Format OPEN ” COM <line number> : [communication condition] ” AS # <file number> Function Opens the communication file. ON COM (n) Format ON COM ( <line number> ) GOSUB <line number> Function Declares an interrupt which occurs when the data is input into the communicati[...]

- 8 - File input/output Statement OPEN Format OPEN <file designation> [FOR <file mode> ] AS [#] <file number> [ LEN= <record length> ] Function Opens a file. CLOSE Format CLOSE [ [#] <file number> [, [#] <file number> ] ···] Function Closes a file. INPUT# Format INPUT# <file number>, <variable> [, [...]

- 9 - ABS Function Provides the absolute value. Format ABS ( <numeric expression> ) Explanation The absolute value for <numeric expression> (0 or a positive value) is provided as a function value.[...]

- 10 - ASC Function Provides the character code (ASCII) for the first character of the character string. Format ASC ( <character string> ) Explanation The character code for the first character (left side) of <character string> is provided. If <character string> is a null string, an error occurs.[...]

- 11 - BEEP Function Sounds the internal buzzer. Format BEEP Explanation The internal buzzer is sounded for 100 ms.[...]

- 12 - CHAIN Function Loads another program, and executes it. Format CHAIN <file designation> [, ALL] Term <file designation>: The program file to be executed should be specified. (The file name should be included.) Explanation The program designated in <file designation> is executed. If the ALL option is de signated, all variable[...]

- 13 - CHR$ Function Converts the character code (ASCII and internal sequence code) to a character. Format CHR$ ( <numeric expression> [, <numeric expression> ] ···) Term <numeric expression>: The numeric expression within the range between 0 and 255 (&H0 to & HFF) indicating ASCII code Explanation The CHR$ function reg[...]

- 14 - CINT Function Provides the integer value to which a real value is converted. Format CINT ( <numeric expression> ) Explanation The value for <numeric expression> is rounded off to the nearest whole number, making it into an integer.[...]

- 15 - CLEAR Function Initializes a variable. Format CLEAR Explanation The memory used for storing data is freed without deleting any programs in the memory. After the CLEAR statement is executed, all numeric variables and character variables become 0 and null strings (“”), respectively. The array declaration becomes invalid. All files are clos[...]

- 16 - CLOSE Function Close a file. Format CLOSE [ [#] <file number> [, [#] <file number> ] ···] Term <file number>: The number assigned to the file or the device by the OPEN statement Explanation The file corresponding to <file number> is closed. One or more <file number>s can be specified once in the CLOSE stateme[...]

- 17 - CLS Function Clears the screen. Format CLS[...]

- 18 - COMMON Function Declares the variable is to be passed from the origi nal program to a program called by the CHAIN statement. Format COMMON <variable name> [, <variable name> ] ··· Term <variable name>: The variable name to be passed should be specified. Explanation The COMMON statement is used together with the CHAIN sta[...]

- 19 - COM ON/STOP Function Enables/Stops an interrupt from the RS-232C communication file. Format COM ( <line number> ) ON COM ( <line number> ) STOP Term <line number>: The RS-232C interface number (1 or 2) Explanation The interrupt which occurs when the communication flows to the RS-232C from an external source is enabled by th[...]

- 20 - CSNG Function Provides a value which is converted to a single-precision real value. Format CSNG ( <numeric expression> ) Explanation The value for <numeric expression> is converted to a 7-digit single-precision real value.[...]

- 21 - CVI/ CVS Function Provides a value for numeric value data which is converted to the numeric data. Format CVI ( <2-byte character string> ) CVS ( <4-byte character string> ) Explanation All numeric values in the random file on the disk are converted to the character string type. This function returns the numeric data converted to [...]

- 22 - DATA Function Sets a numeric value or a character constant read by the READ statement. Format DATA <constant> [, <constant> ] ··· Term <constant>: A numeric constant or character constant Explanation The DATA statement is a non-executing statement, and should be placed before a READ statement. The data which can be inclu[...]

- 23 - DIM Function Specifies the max. number of array elements, and allocates the memory area in the memory. Format DIM <variable name> ( <subscript> ) ] ···) [, <variable name> ( <subscript> [, <subscript> ] ···) ] ··· Term <variable name>: Array variable name (It should be named according to the usual[...]

- 24 - END Function Terminates the execution of the program, closes all opened files, and returns to the command level state. Format END Explanation The END statement can be placed in any position in which the program is to be terminated. One or more END statements can also exist in the program. The END statement placed at the end of the program ca[...]

- 25 - EOF Function Checks the end of the sequential file, or whether or not the communicati on buffer becomes empty. Format EOF ( <file number> ) Term <file number>: The number assigned to the file by the OPEN statement Explanation The EOF function returns -1 (true) when the specified file reaches EOF (End of File). If the specified fi[...]

- 26 - ERASE Function Erases the sp ecified array from the program. Format ERASE <array name> [, <array name> ] ··· Term <array name>: Array name to be erased Explanation When there is not enough memory area while executing the program, arrays which become unnecessary should be erased by using the ERASE statement. The areas of [...]

- 27 - ERR/ERL Function Provides the line number in which an error occurs (ERL) and the error code (ERR). Format ERR ERL Explanation The system variables, ERR and ERL, are used in the IF ~ THEN statement, and used for branching to error processes. (For details, refer to “ON ERROR”.) Immediately after BASIC is started up, ERL is 0. A numeric val[...]

- 28 - FIELD Function Allocates the variable area to the random file buffer. (Record definition) Format FIELD [#] <file number>, <field width> AS <character variable> [, <field width> AS <character variable> ] ··· Term <file number>: The number assigned to the fi le by the OPEN statement <field width>: T[...]

- 29 - FOR ~ NEXT Function Executes the statements included from the FOR statement to the NEXT statement repeatedly while the given conditions are satisfied. Format FOR <variable> = <initial value> TO <terminal value> [STEP <increment> ] NEXT [ <variable> [, <variable> ] ···] Term <initial value>: A nume[...]

- 30 - Other FOR ~ NEXT statements can be used (nested) within the FOR ~ NEXT statement. In this case, each <variable> to be set should be different. One FOR ~ NEXT statement should be completely included in the other FOR ~ NEXT statement. Ex.) <Proper> <Wrong> FOR I=1 TO 5 FOR I=1 TO 5 FOR J=1 TO 5 FOR J=1 TO 5 NEXT J NEXT I NEXT[...]

- 31 - GET Function Inputs the data in a file into the buffer. Format GET [#] <file number> [, <numeric value> ] Term <file number>: The number assigned to the file by the OPEN statement <numeric value>: The record number between 1 and 65535, or the number of bytes of the data read from the RS-232C communication file Explana[...]

- 32 - GOTO Function Moves the execution to the specified line without any conditions. Format GOTO <line number> Term <line number>: The line number to which the execu tion is moved Explanation The GOTO statement moves the execution to the specified line. When the specified line is a non-executable statement (such as a REM statement or [...]

- 33 - HEX$ Function Converts a decimal number to a hexadecimal number, and then provides the character string. Format HEX$ ( <numeric expression> ) Explanation <numeric expression> is converted to an integer value which is rounded off to a whole number before <numeric expression> is used for the HEX$ function. The result of the H[...]

- 34 - IF ~ THEN ~ ELSE Function Judges the condition, and changes the flow of the program. Format IF <expression> THEN <statement> [ELSE <statement> ] <line number> <line number> IF <expression> GOTO <line number> [ELSE <statement> ] <line number> Term <expression>: A theoretical expressi[...]

- 35 - INKEY$ Function Provides the leading character if any key is pressed on the keyboard, or provides a null string if no key is pressed on the keyboard. Format INKEY$ Explanation The number of characters provided for the INKEY$ variable is 0 (null string) or 1. It is determined according to the key entry. “0” indicates that key entry is not[...]

- 36 - INPUT Function Reads a numeric value or a char acter from the keyboard, and assigns it to a variable. Format INPUT [;] [” <prompt statement> ” ; ] <variable> [, <variable> ] ··· Term <prompt statement>: A character string which is output on the screen when the input is performed (It is used to make it easy to u[...]

- 37 - INPUT# Function Reads data from the sequential file, and assigns it to a variable. Format INPUT# <file number>, <variable> [, <variable> ] ··· Term <file number>: The number assigned to the file by the OPEN statement <variable>: The variable name to which data is assigned. A numeric variable or character vari[...]

- 38 - INPUT$ Function Reads the character string with the specified length from the keyboard or the file. Format INPUT$ ( <no. of characters> [, [#] <file number> ] ) Term <no. of characters>: The number of characters to be read from the keyboard or file (1 to 255.) <file number>: The number assigned to the file by the OPEN[...]

- 39 - INSTR Function Searches for the specified characters from the character string, and provides the first character position of the characters. Format INSTR ( [ <numeric expression> , ] <character string 1>, <character string 2> ) Term <numeric expression>: Indicates the position in <character string 1> where the s[...]

- 40 - INT Function Provides the max. integer val ue not exceeding the specified <numeric expression>. Format INT ( <numeric expression> ) Explanation The max. integer value not exceeding <numeric expression> is provided.[...]

- 41 - LEFT$ Function Provides a character string of the length specified on the left side of the character string. Format LEFT$ ( <character string>, <numeric expression> ) Term <character string>: Any character string <numeric expression>: The length is specified on the left side of <character string>. (Unit: bytes, [...]

- 42 - LEN Function Provides the length of the character string (the number of bytes). Kanji is counted as 2 bytes. Format LEN ( <character string> ) Explanation The le ngth should be between 0 and 255 bytes. A space and a code which is not displayed as the control code are also counted and included in the length.[...]

- 43 - LINE INPUT# Function Reads one whole line (record) (max. 255 characters) from the sequential file. Format LINE INPUT# <file number>, <character variable> Term <file number>: The number assigned to the file by the OPEN statement <character variable>: A character variable to which one whole line is assigned Explanation [...]

- 44 - LOC Function Provides the current theoretical location in the file. Format LOC ( <file number> ) Term <file number>: The number assigned to the file by the OPEN statement Explanation The file specified in <file number> is: 1. Random file The LOC function returns the record number for which the read/write (GET/PUT) was perfo[...]

- 45 - LOCATE Function Specifies the position of the cursor on the screen and determines the display of the cursor. Format LOCATE [ <line> ] [, [ <column> ] [, < <switch> ] ] ] Term <line>: The vertical position on the screen (1 to 2) <column>: The horizontal position on the screen (1 to 16) <switch>: Determin[...]

- 46 - LOF Function Provides the size of the file. Format LOF ( <file number> ) Term <file number>: The number assigned to the file by the OPEN statemen t Explanation The file specified in <file number> is: 1. Disk file The file size is provided in units of bytes. 2. RS-232C communication file The remaining number of bytes of the [...]

- 47 - LSET/RSET Function Transfers data to the buffer for a random file. (In preparation for the PUT statement) Format LSET <character variable> = <character expression> RSET <character variable> = <character e xpression> Term <character variable>: The character variable used for the assignment in the FIELD statement.[...]

- 48 - MID$ Function Provides the specified character in a given character string. Format MID$ ( <character string>, <numeric expression 1> [, <numeric expression 2> ] ) Term <character string>: Any character string <numeric expression 1 >: The position in <character string> (Unit: bytes, Range: 1 to 255) <num[...]

- 49 - MKI$/MKS$ Function Converts a numeric value to the numeric data of the character string type. Format MKI$ ( <integer value> ) MKS$ ( <single-precision real va lue> ) Explanation When a random file is created by using the LSET and RSET statements, all values to be written in the buffer should be assigned as the numeric data of the[...]

- 50 - ON COM Function Declares an interrupt which occurs when the data is input into the communication buffer, and declares the start line number for the subroutine to be executed. Format ON COM ( <line number> ) GOSUB <line number> Term <line number>: The line number to which an interrupt is processed (1 or 2) <line number>[...]

- 51 - ON ERROR Function Declares that the interrupt for the error process is enabled, and declares the line number of the subroutine to be executed when an error occurs. Format ON ERROR GOTO <line number> Term <line number>: The first line number of the subroutine for the error process Explanation When an error interrupt is enabled by [...]

- 52 - ON GOTO/GOSUB Function Branches the execution to the specified line number according to a value for <expression>. Format ON <expression> GOTO <line number> [, <line number> ] ··· ON <expression> GOSUB <line number> [, <line number> ] ··· Term <expression>: An expression to specify <lin[...]

- 53 - ON TIMER Function Declares an interrupt which occurs at specified intervals, and the line number from which the execution of the subroutine is started by the interrupt. Format ON TIMER ( <n> ) GOSUB <line number> Term <n>: The time interval at which an interrupt occurs should be specified in units of 100 ms. (Range: 1 to 32[...]

- 54 - OPEN Function Opens a file. Format OPEN <file designation> [FOR <file mode> ] AS [#] <file number> [LEN= <record length> ] Term <file desi gnation>: The file name to be opened should be specified. <file mode>: The type of file should be specified. OUTPUT Sequential access / New output mode INPUT Sequential[...]

- 55 - OPEN COM Function Opens the RS-232C communication file. Format OPEN ”COM <line number> : [ <communication baud rate> ] [, [ <parity> ] [, [ <data length> ] [, [ <stop bit> ] ] ] ” AS [#] <file number> Term <line number>: The RS-232 C interface number (COM 1:, COM2:) <communication baud rate>[...]

- 56 - PRINT Function Displays the charact er string and contents of the variable on the screen. Format PRINT [USING <format control character string> ] [ <expression list> ] [;] Term <format control character string>: A character string to specify the format <expression list>: Numeric expressions, character expressions and [...]

- 57 - PRINT# Function Outputs data (numeric value or character string) to the sequential file. Format PRINT# <file number>, [USING <format control character string> ; ], <expression list> Term <file number>: The number assigned to the file by the OPEN statement. <expression list>: Numeric expressions and characters ar[...]

- 58 - When a comma (,), semicolon (; ), or space is placed at the beginning of the string, carriage return and line feed are included in the character string, and the output can be performed by the PRINT statement. However, when the data is read by the INPUT# statement later, commas, semicolons, carriage returns and line feeds are regarded as deli[...]

- 59 - PUT Function Outputs the data to the file. Format PUT [#] <file number> [, <numeric value> ] Term <file number>: The number assigned to the file by the OPEN statement. <numeric value>: A record number between 1 and 4294967295, or the number of bytes of the data read from the RS-232C communication file. Explanation The[...]

- 60 - READ Function Reads a value defined by a DATA statement and assigns it to a variable. Format READ <constant> [, <constant> ] ··· Term <variable>: The variable to which the value for the DATA statement is assigned (Numeric or character variables) Explanation The READ statement should always be used with the DATA statement[...]

- 61 - REM/APOSTROPHE (’) Function Enters a comment into the program. Format REM [ <comment> ] Term <comment>: Any character string Explanation The REM statement is ignored when the program is executed. The REM statement is used for entering a comment into the program to make the program easy to understand. The REM statement occupies [...]

- 62 - RESUME Function Terminates an error process, and resumes execution of the program. Format RESUME [0] NEXT <line number> Term <line number>: The line number from which the execution of the program is resumed should be specified. Ex planation The subroutine defined by the ON ERROR statement processes an error which occurs while the[...]

- 63 - RETURN Function Declares the end of a subroutine, and returns the execution to the location where the subroutine was called up. Format RETURN Explanation The RETURN statement should be p laced at the end of the subroutine called by the GOSUB statement. When the RETURN statement is executed, the execution proceeds from the statement following[...]

- 64 - RIGHT$ Function Provides a character string of the length specified on the right side of the character string. Format RIGHT$ ( <character string>, <numeric expression> ) Term <file number>: Any character string <numeric expression>: The length is specified on the right side of <character string>. (Unit: bytes, R[...]

- 65 - SGN Function Provides a sign for <numeric expression> Format SGN ( <numeric expression> ) Explanation If <numeric expression> is positive, 0, and negative, 1, 0, -1 is p rovided, respectively.[...]

- 66 - SPACE$ Function Provides character strings of spaces in the specified length Format SPACE$ ( <numeric expression> ) Term <numeric expression>: Indicates the number of spaces Explanation Character strings of spaces for the number specified in <numeric expression> are provided. A value in <numeric expression> is an inte[...]

- 67 - STR$ Function Provides the character string indicating <numeric expression>. Format STR$ ( <numeric expression> ) Explanation The value for <numeric expression> is converted to a character string. For example, the numeric value, 123, is converted to the character string “123”. Both integer and real types are available f[...]

- 68 - TIMER Function Returns the elapse time after the system is reset in a single-precision floating point format. (In units of 100 ms) Format X = TIMER Explanation A fractio n is rounded off to the nearest value.[...]

- 69 - TIMER ON/STOP Function Enables/Stops a timer interrupt. Format TIMER ON TIMER STOP Explanation The interrupt specified by the ON TIMER statement is enabled by the TIMER ON statement, or stopped by the TIMER STOP statement. Before TIMER ON/STOP statements are executed, the interrupt process declaration should be made by the ON TIMER statement[...]

- 70 - VAL Function Converts a character string to a numeric value. Format VAL ( <character string> ) Explanation The opposite of the STR$ function, the VAL function converts a character string indicating the numeric value for a 1-byte or 2-byte character (ex. “456”) to a numeric value (ex. 456). Spaces, tabs and line feeds placed at the [...]

- 71 - WHILE ~ WEND Function Repeats the statements included between the WHILE statement an d the WEND statement for as long as the given conditions are satisfied. Format WHILE <expression> WEND Term <expression>: The execution is repeated for as long as the <expression> (a numeric value or character) is satisfied. Explanation Whe[...]

- 72 - WRITE# Function Outputs data to a sequential file. Format WRITE# <file number>, <expression list> Term <file number>: The number assigned to the file by the OPEN statement. <expression list>: Numeric expressions and character expressions are delimited by a comma (,), semicolon (;), and listed. <format control chara[...]

- 73 - KEY ENTRY CODE LIST Key Name Keyboard Entry Code (Pressed only the key) Keyboard Entry Code (Pressed together with the SHIFT key) 0 30H B0H 1 31H B1H 2 32H B2H 3 33H B3H 4 34H B4H 5 35H B5H 6 36H B6H 7 37H B7H 8 38H B8H 9 39H B9H . 2EH AEH ENTER/PRINT 0DH 8DH → 60H E0H ← 61H E1H ↑ 62H E2H ↓ 63H E3H C 64H E4H FEED 65H E5H PAUSE 66H E6[...]

- 74 - RESTORE Function Returns the starting position where the DATA statement is read by the READ statement to the beginning of the program. Format RESTORE Explanation When the READ statement is placed after the RESTORE statement, the READ statement starts finding the DATA statement from the beginning of the program, and starts reading the first D[...]

- 75 - SENDCMD Function Sends a command packet of character strings to the printer, and makes a response to an ACK or a NAK from the printer. Format SENDCMD <expression list> Term <expression list>: List of character expressions or character strings (A character string should be enclosed in quotation marks (”).) Explanation This state[...]

- 76 - ERROR CODE TABLE Code Meaning 1 There is no FOR statement for the NEXT statement, or the number of NEXT statements does not match with (is more than) the number of FOR statements. 2 The program is not in accordance with the grammar. Statements which are not defined are included in the program. 3 The GOSUB statement and RETURN statement do no[...]