Victor Technology V12 manuale d’uso

Owners Guide V12 Financial Calculator[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 2 Pr ef ace Congratulations on your purc hase of the V12 financial calculator from Victor Techno logy. Victor has been serving customers since 1918. Today, Vi ctor offers a complete line of printing, handheld, desktop, scientific, and financial calculators. For more inf ormation please see our websi te at www.victortech.com or cal[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 3 Table of Contents Chapter 1: Where to Start .................................. 6 Powering On and Off ............................................. 6 Controlling scr een contra st .................................... 6 Keyboard Dy namics ............................................... 6 Entering Di gits ..........................[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 4 Determining Payment Amount: Solving for PMT 17 Determining Future Value: Solving for FV ......... 18 Determining Number of Periods: Solving for n. . 19 Loan With Ball oon Paym ent ................................. 19 Amortization Functi on .......................................... 20 Chapter 3: Other Financial Calculations.....[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 5 Power Features in RPN me thod .......................... 49 Chapter 5: The Basics of Programming ........... 50 Creating Your Own Progr am ................................ 50 Executing Your Own Progr am ............................. 53 Program Memory Basics...................................... 54 Determining Program Line Instru[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 6 Chapter 1: W her e to Star t Powering On and Off Turn the unit on by touching the ON butt on. To turn the unit off, touch the ON button again. The calculator will autom atically power off after 7 minutes if not used. When the calculator is experiencing a low battery charge, a battery icon will appear in the top left corner of th[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 7 Entering Large Amounts The V12 displays numbers up to 10 digit s . Scientific notation allows numbers longer than 10 digits to be entered. To perform this f unction, enter the number with the decimal point moved to the left . Keep track of how many positio ns the decimal point moved. Next touch the EEX button and enter the numbe[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 8 Using the Clear Function Clearing replaces the di splayed value with zero and repla ces the previous instruction with the r GTO 000 instruction when pr ogramming. There are many ways of clearing data, outlined here: BUTTONS WILL CLEAR . b CLEAR REG Storage regi sters, block and last x register, and display screen . b CLEAR FIN F[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 9 RPN method To select the RPN method, touch b RPN , and the RPN icon appears. With RPN method enabled, you can perform basic cal culations with two numbers and with multiplication, addition , division, or subtraction. It is necessary to enter both numbers in the equation, and then select the mathematical operation to be used. Tou[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 10 To delete stored values, enter zero, touch STO , and select the register to be deleted, R0 through R9, and R . . 0 through R . . 9. (Note: Designating a new value instead of 0 also replaces the old value set to the register)[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 11 Chapter 2: T he Fir st Steps to Financial Functions Using the Financial Storage Reg isters Five specialty registers are used for finan cial calculations only. These are n , i , PV , PMT , and FV and are located along the top row of buttons. Saving data to these storage registers m akes it possible to calculate financial probl e[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 12 Example Calculate the simple interest on a 100,0 00 amou nt with 12% annual interest for 180 days using the 360 da y cycle and the 365 day cycle. ENTRIES DISPLAY 100000 CHS PV -100,000.00 Displays the amount. 180 n . 180.00 Displays the number of days for which interest will be calculated 12 i . 12.00 Displays the annual intere[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 13 b INT 9.68 Displays the simple interest on a 360 day basi s . + x ↔ y = 909.68 Displays the simple interest plus prin cipal due on a 360 day basis ENTRIES (RPN) DISPLAY 900 CHS PV -900.00 Displays the amount. 90 n . 90.00 Displays the number of days for which interest will be calculated 4.3 i . 4.30 Displays the annual intere[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 14 Basic Fi nancial Calcul ations Before describing Basic Fi nancial Calculat ions, it is important to review and understand five basic terms and keys used with the V12. TERM / KEY DEFINITION n . The number of periods in the financial lo an, often expressed in days, months, or years. The interest rate must be defined per period. i[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 15 To select payment type: Touch r END if the payment will be made at the end of the period. Touch r BEG if the payment w ill be made at the beginning of the period. Most transactions utili ze an End of the period payment. Note: This manual will only show examples using End of the period p ayments. If the BEGIN icon is not showing[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 16 . i . ---------- -- The V12 is calculating the value. 0.50 Displays the monthly interest rate. Example 8 % annual interest, which is compounded quarte rly for 3 years: n is number of quarters (3 * 4=12) i is interest rate per quarter (8% ÷ 4 = 0.02%) If interest rate was compounded mo nthly, n would be 8% ÷ 12 =0.006 Since ma[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 17 Note: If the amount owed at the end of the loan period will be zero, this step can be skipped. ¾ Touch the PV key to calculate the present value. Example ENTRIES DISPLAY . b F I N 0.00 Clears the financial regi sters. 360 n . 360.00 Displays 360 months for a 30 year loan. 6 r i . 0.50 Displays the interest rate of 6% per year [...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 18 6 r i . 0.50 Displays the interest rate of 6% per year or 0.5% per month. 400000 PV 400.000.00 Displays the loan amount or present value. PMT -2,398.20 Displays the monthly payment Determi ning Future Val ue: Solving for FV ¾ Touch b CLEAR FIN to reset financial registers ¾ Use n or r 12x to enter number of periods or payment[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 19 Determinin g Number of Pe riods: Solvin g for n . To determine the number of compounding peri ods and the number of payments: ¾ Touch b CLEAR FIN to reset financial registers ¾ Use i or r 12÷ to enter periodic interest rate. ¾ Enter values for PV (present value), PMT (amount of payment), FV (future value) ¾ Select payment [...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 20 Example ENTRIES (RPN) DISPLAY b FIN 0.00 Clears the financial regi sters. 360 n . 360.00 Displays 360 months for a 30 year loan. 6 r i . 0.50 Displays the interest rate of 6% per year or 0.5% per month. 400000 PV 400.000.00 Displays the loan amount or present value. -70000 FV -70,000.00 Displays the future value required to pay[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 21 • Enter the number of payments that will be amortized using n . • Push b AMORT (will display amount from payments that will be applied to interest) • Push x ↔ y (will display amount from payments that will be applied to principal) • Push R ↓ R ↓ (will display number of payments to be amortized) • Push RCL PV (wi[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 22 RCL PV 372,217.58 Displays the remaining principle after 60 months of payments R C L n 60.00 Displays the number of payments amort ized (60 months) 12 b AMORT -22,152.81 Displays the amount of interest paid in the next 12 months of payments (after the initial 60 months already amortized) x ↔ y -6,625.59 Displays the amount of[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 23 stored in R 1 . If used again in the same cash flo w problem, the contents of the x-register are stored in first R 2 , then R 3 , R 4 , and so on. Example You want to buy a yacht for $23,000 and rent it to a skipper fo r a share of tour revenue. You expect cash flows of the in itial cost ($23,000), ($5000) in the first year for[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 24 when some of the cash flo ws are r epetitive and consecutive. In these situations, the Nj key is invoked by entering the number of repeat cash flows followed by . r Nj . For example, if a cash flow of $1000 occurs 5 times in a row, the entries would be 5000 CHS r CFj 5 r Nj . Example: A landlord buys and rents a building to a t[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 25 b NPV 60,301.37 Displays the net present value of $60,301.37. Since the number is positive, this is an investment that exceeds the desired ra te of return. Repla cing Current Cash Flow Val ue Data Individual cash flow values stored in the V12 can be replaced. To replace a current cash f low value: ¾ Enter the amount ¾ Touch S[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 26 Example Starting from the previous example, the landlord now believes the tenant will rent for 6 years instead of 4 at $110,0 00 per year (an additional 2 years). ENTRIES (RPN) DISPLAY RCL n . 4.00 Displays the number of unique cash flows entered. (This number will be required later) 3 n . 3.00 Displays the storage of 3 in the [...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 27 ¾ Touch b SOYD for sum of years number option No matter which depreciati on method is used the remaining depreciated value may be displayed by touching x ↔ y . Example Your company purchases a car for $3,500, which depreciate s over 6 years. The salvage value is expected to be $9 00. Find the amount of depre ciation and rema[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 28 Determi ning Bond Values To calculate bond price and the interest ac crued since its last interest date, as well as its yield to maturity, use b PRICE and . b YTM functions. Use these methods to calculate b ond price and yield for 30/360 day bonds (municipal bonds, corporate bond s, and bonds with annual coupon payments. To Cal[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 29 9.172009 ENTER 9.17 Enters pu rchase date 11.022017 b PRICE 89.14 Enters maturity date and calculates bond price (as a % of Par) . + . 90.98 Calculates total bond price including a ccrued interest To Calculate Bond Yield to Maturity ( . b YTM ) ¾ Enter quoted Bond price (as a % of Par); touch PV ¾ Enter coupon rate; touch PMT[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 30 To Calculate Price and Yield for Bond s with Annual Coupons, please referen ce V12 programming guide at www.VictorV 12.com . Percentages There are three buttons used for solvin g problems inv olving percents: Delta Percentage Δ% , Percentage % and Percent of Total %T . Delta percentage calculates the perce nt difference betwee[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 31 Example In ALG method, calculate 35% of $1,200: ENTRIES (ALG) DISPLAY CLX 00.00 Clears the display and x register 1200 1200 Displays the base number X 35 % . 0.35 Displays the percent multiple = . 420.00 Displays the result To find the percentage % of a value in RPN method: ¾ Enter the base value ¾ Touch ENTER ¾ Enter the pe[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 32 ¾ Enter the second number ¾ Touch %T Example Calculate the Percent of Total for 200 and 50: ENTRIES DISPLAY 200 ENTER/= 200.00 Stores the base value 50 %T 25.00 Displays the result: 50 is 25% less than 200 Calendar Operations The V12 stores dates using two method s. The first is called Month-Day-Year and is set by touching r.[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 33 Example Invoke the Day-Month-Year mode and enter the dat e January 5, 2001. ENTRIES DISPLAY 05.012001 r D.MY 5.01 Stores the date To calculate a date in the future or past: ¾ Enter the start date and touch r D.MY ¾ Enter number of days to be added or subtracted from the start date ¾ If subtracting days, don’t forget to use[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 34 actual amount of days between dates or by the 30-day month date function. You can calculate the amount of days e ach way. ENTRIES DISPLAY r M.DY Puts the calculator in Month-Day-Year mode 01.152008 ENTER 1.15 Stores the date January 15, 2008 12.252011 r ∆ DYS 1,440.00 Stores the date December 25, 2011 a nd displays the days b[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 35 Chapter 4: Other Oper ational F ea tur es Another function of the V12 calculator is continuous memory of st orage registers (financial. LSTx, block, and data), and information on the current status of the current function (display format, payment mode, and date format). Continuous memory is in effect even while the unit is off,[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 36 b . 2 5.77 Displays the figure with two digits to the right of the decimal point The decimal place setting is kept until co ntinuous memory is reset. Turning the unit off and on does not change the decimal place set ting. Scient ific Notation Display Se ttings With Scientific notation, the first non -zero digit of a value is mo[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 37 Full Figure Display To view all ten digits of a figure without decimal point s touch b . PREFIX and hold down prefix as long as you wish to view the numbe rs. Example Convert 567.89 to scientific notation an d then view the full figure with no decimal points. ENTRIES DISPLAY 567.89 ENTER 567.89 Displays the initial value b . . [...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 38 If an entered value is less than 10 -99 , the value of 0 is used in pro ceeding equations. Running Display Some programs and functions need a n extended amount of time to complete. During these times --------- will appear in the display. LST X To recall a value entered before an ope r ation was executed, the LST X button is app[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 39 x ↔ y x ↔ y is the exchange key (RPN method only) . It switches the values in the x-register to the y-registe r and the valu e in the y-register to the x-register. Example You wish to calculate 2,520 ÷ 30 but you mistakenly enter 30 first and 2520 second which would give y ou the wrong ans wer. To correct this mistake, use[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 40 Sum of the square of the x values: ∑ x 2 R 3 Sum of the y values: ∑ y R 4 Sum of the square of the y values: ∑ y 2 R 5 Sum of the multiplication of x and y: ∑ xy R 6 Clearing the statistical registers before e nte ring new data is necessary. Do this by touching b . ∑ + (also resets block registers and the display scre[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 41 ¾ Touch r ∑ - ¾ Enter new (correct) x and/or y values ¾ Touch r ∑ + Standard Deviation Entries The button sequence r s will calculate the stand ard deviation (a measure of the dispersion around the mean of the X and Y values) for both X and Y values. Mean Value s The r x button sequence calculates the mean of the X and Y[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 42 ENTRIES DISPLAY 48 ENTER 48.00 Displays the first y value. 85 ∑ + 1.00 Displays which entry has just been e ntered … the first data pair. 51 ENTER 51.00 Displays the second y value. 76 ∑ + 2.00 Displays which entry has just been e ntered … the second data pair. … etc. … etc. until all 10 data pairs have been entered[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 43 ¾ Enter the new y value ¾ Touch r x, r The correlation coefficient, r, can be cal culated by touching the x ↔ y key after calculating the estimate. Example Using the children’s hei ght (y) and weight (x) values from above, estimate the height (y) of a child weighing 64 pou nds (x) and determine the co rrelation coefficien[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 44 • Third month: 50 bricks at $0.52 a brick • Fourth month: 100 bricks at $0.61 a bri ck • Fifth month: 250 bricks at $0.49 a brick Find the weighted mean cost of the bricks. ENTRIES DISPLAY b ∑ - 48.00 Displays the first x value. .68 ENTER 150 ∑ + 1.00 Displays which entry has just been e ntered … the first data pair[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 45 Touching r FRAC displays the fractio nal part of the value (all digits to the left of the decimal point are replaced by a 0.) The use of r FRAC also changes the number insid e the x register. In RPN method, the original number can be viewed again in the display screen by touching r LSTx . Example ENTRIES DISPLAY 99.12 ENTER 99.[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 46 To round a number in the display screen to a spe cified number of decimal places, set the display format to show the exact number of decimal place s desired. Each time a calculator functi on is performed, the value displayed will be rounded automatically. However, the value before rounding is actually stored in the register. To[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 47 ENTRIES DISPLAY 3 r e x 20.09 Displays the exponential value of 3. Logarithm Values When r LN is touched, the natural lo garithm (logarithm to the base of e) is calculated. Subsequently touching 10 r LN ÷ . in RPN and ÷ 10 r LN = in ALG method calculates the common logarith m (logarithm to the base of 10 of the number on the [...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 48 Example ENTRIES DISPLAY 9 x 2 81.00 Displays the square of 9. Reciprocal Values When 1/x is touched, the number on the display screen is divided into 1 (giving the reciprocal value). Example ENTRIES DISPLAY 5 1/x 0.20 Displays the reciprocal of 5.[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 49 Power Features in ALG method y x , the power of a value, may be calculated in ALG method as follows: ¾ Enter the y value ¾ Touch y x ¾ Enter the x value (exponent value) ¾ Touch = to calculate number, the power of the value Example ENTRIES (ALG) DISPLAY 2 y x 3 8.00 Displays 2 3 (2 X 2 X 2 = 8). Power Features in RPN method[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 50 Chapter 5: T he Basics of Prog r amming Programs are a sequence of button entries that are stored into the cal culator. Calculations involving the same sequence of button en tries are common, and saving them in a program can save time. Creating Your Own Pro gram To create a program, just write it and store it. ¾ Write out the [...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 51 - . 105.00 Displays the 30% off price plus $10. 10 10 Displays the shipping and handli ng fee + . 115.00 Displays the 30% off price plus $10. In ALG method: ENTRIES (ALG) DISPLAY 150 150 Displays the regular price of $150 item - . 150.00 Prepares for number for fu rther activity 30 % . 45.00 Computes the 30% discount. + . 105.0[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 52 b PRGM 000 Clears the program memo ry To create a program, use the same bu ttons you used to solve for net cost manually. What is shown on the displa y screen in the next step will be further explained later. In RPN method: ENTRIES (RPN) DISPLAY ENTER 001, 36 3 002, 3 0 003, 0 % 004, 25 - - 005, 30 1 006, 1 0 007, 0 + - 008, 40[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 53 1 006, 5 0 007, 0 = . 007, 36 Executing Your Own Program Touch b P/R to put calculator back in run function. Enter all required input into the calculator the same as if you were calcul ating manually. (When a program is execut ed, the data already entered onto the display and into the registers insi de the unit are used.) Touch[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 54 Program M emory Basics Program Memory stores a sequence of ent ries in calc ulator memory for re-use at a later time. A program line is specific number, function key, or decimal point. For example the ENTER button is a program line. Program lines that start with b , r , RCL , STO , or GTO buttons have two entries because the en[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 55 The illustration shows the button for the instruction in program line 001 is in the third row of the keyboard and is the third button within that row, the R ↓  button. When the instruction ÷ is entered into the program memory it will be displayed as 002 10. This shows the button for the instruction i n program line 2 with[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 56 b IRR xxx, 42 15 Displays the program line number, the positio n of the first key touched (42) and the position of the second key touched (15) Program line 000 a nd the GTO 000 instruction: The GTO 000 instruction tells the cal cul ator to go to and execute program line 000. Line 000 contains no regula r instru ction, but holds[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 57 To ensure your program runs correctly, use the SST button while in RUN mode to move to the next line in the program and display its key code and line number. In RUN mode, releasing the SST button executes the program line instruction that was just displaye d, and t hen displays the result of the execution of that line. Example [...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 58 SST (Hold) 001, 36 Displays the first program line 200.00 Executes the first program line SST (Hold) 002, 3 Displays the second program line 3. Executes the second program line SST (Hold) 003, 0 Displays the third program line 30. Executes the third program line SST (Hold) 004, 25 Displays the fourth program line 60.00 Executes[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 59 Setting the Calculator to a Specific Progr am Line Storing a second program or adjusting an existing program sometimes requires you to go to a specific line of programming. There a re three alternative approaches: 1. Use the SST button to cycle through the prog ram lines. 2. In PRGM mode press r. GTO . xxx with xxx being the de[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 60 . - 002, 48 Decimal point 9 003, 9 .9 = 90% or 10% off X - 004, 20 Multiply by 90% r PSE 005, 43 31 Pause RCL 0 006, 45 0 Recall the original entry . - 007, 48 Decimal point 8 008, 8 .8 = 80% or 20% off X - 009, 20 Multiply by 80% To run the program, exit the program mode, pre ss b P/R ., enter the regular price, and press R/S [...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 61 Stopping a Program During Execution Touching R/S during program execution aut omatically stops executi on. To resume running the program from wher e it was stoppe d, touch R/S again. A stop can be inserted into a program ju st like any other function or key. Example Create a program that calculates the sa le price of an item at[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 62 8 008, 8 .8 = 80% or 20% off X - 009, 20 Multiply by 80% To run the program, exit the program mode, pre ss b P/R ., enter the regular price, and press R/S . ENTRIES (RPN) DISPLAY b P/R Puts the calculator in Run method 200 200 Displays the regular price of $200 R/S 180.00 Displays the 10% off price R/S 160.00 After a stop, disp[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 63 Chapter 6: Br anch & Loop Prog r ams Program instructions typically ex ecute sequentially through progra m line numbers, but it is possible to transfer or ‘bran ch’ to a program line that is not the next line of program memory. Using the GTO instruction in a progra m will transfer an execution to any program line by usi[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 64 ¾ Continue program execution se quent ially to the next line of program memory (if the tested condition was true when exe cuted.) Or ¾ Skip instruction in the next line of programming an d continue with the following line (if the tested condition was false.) Example Create a program that determines t he amount owed on a credi[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 65 STO 0 008, 44 0 Store the value in register 0 r PSE 009, 43 31 Pause r PSE 010, 43 31 Pause r PSE 011, 43 31 Pause r PSE 012, 43 31 Pause 0 013, 0 Digit 0 is the 13th program line ENTER 014, 36 Digit 0 is entered into the x register RCL 0 015, 45 0 The value in register 0 is recalled into the x register and the value in the x r[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 66 300 300.00 Displays the initial debt of $300 R/S 203.00 Executes the program and displ ays the amount owed after 1 month of interest at 1% and a $100 payment. 105.03 After a pause, displays the amount owed after the 2 nd month 6.08 After a pause, displays the amount owed after the next month -93.86 After a pause, displays the a[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 67 Chapter 7: Editing Y our Pr ogr ams To change a single instruct ion in program memory, the following steps a re followed: ¾ Touch b P/R to enter PROGRAM mode ¾ Touch SST , BST or GTO . buttons to find the program line directly before the specific pr ogram line that contai ns the instruction you wish to change. ¾ Enter the ne[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 68 + - 008, 40 Program is now stored b P/R 0.00 Sets calculator to run mode b P/R 0.00 Sets calculator to program mode r GTO . 0 01 001, 36 Displays the first program line 5 002, 5 Displays the new information for program line 002: 3 has been replaced by 5 to enable the progra m to calculate a 50% discount instead of 30%. b P/R 0.[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 69 line is reserved for the GTO 000 in struction. Therefo re if the program ends on the 008 line, start the bran ch at line 010. ¾ Note: The replaced program line in the original pro gram must be replicated at the end of the new branch. ¾ Note: The last program line in your new bran ch must loop back to the original program dire[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 70 Program is now stored b P/R 0.00 Sets calculator to run mode b P/R 0.00 Sets calculator to program mode . r GTO . 004 004, 25 Go to and display the fourth program line. As a result, the next key strokes will be recorded on line 005. . r GTO 010 005,43,33,010 Replaces and display s the contents of line 005 instructing the progra[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 71 ¾ Touch b P/R to enter PROGRAM mode. ¾ Touch r GTO . and the three-digit line number of the last line in the program. ¾ Enter new instructions.[...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 72 Chapter 8: Er r or Messa ges Certain operat ional procedures prohibit the V12 from co mpleting calculatio ns causing an error m essage to appear o n the display screen, along with a number 0 -9 that corresponds with t he particula r error condition. The se errors are summari zed below: ERROR C A U S E 0 The op eration included [...]

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY 73 Victor Technolog y V12 Calculator Limited Warranty Thank you for purchasing a produ ct from Victor Te chnology. This product has been electronically tested. If you have problems usi ng this product, please carefully refer to the instruction manual. This product, except the battery, is warranted by Vict or to the original purcha[...]