Apple PowerBook 145B manual

Macin t os h U ser’ s G uide Includes setup instr uctions and important health-related infor mation P art II L ear ning P art I Getting Started P art III R eference P art IV Index for Macintosh P owerBook 1 45B[...]

K Apple Computer , Inc. This manual and the software described in it are copyrighted, with all rights reserved. Under the copyright laws, this manual or the software may not be copied, in whole or part, without written consent of Apple, except in the normal use of the software or to make a backup copy of the software. The same proprietary and copyr[...]

Contents Radio and television inter ference xiv P reface How to Use This Book xv n P art I Getting Started W ith Y our Computer 1 Chapter 1 Setting Up Y our Macintosh P owerBook 1 Setting up the computer 2 Step 1: Plug in the power adapter 2 Step 2: Open the display 3 Step 3: T urn on the computer 4 T rouble? 5 What to do next 6 Y our computer at a[...]

Lear ning the basics 19 Before you begin 19 Finding the tour 20 Starting the tour from the hard disk 20 Starting the tour from a floppy disk 24 Important care and safety instructions 26 ± W arning 26 s Caution 27 S Important 28 Health concerns associated with computer use 29 Repetitive stress injuries 30 Arranging your work space and equipment 31 [...]

Chapter 3 Creating and Changing a Document 55 Open a program 56 Create a document 57 Save your work 57 Switch programs 58 Close a document 60 T wo types of programs 61 Open a document 61 Change a document 62 Save your work so far 65 T aking a shortcut 66 Make more changes 66 Quit a program 68 Opening and closing documents and programs 69 Make a cop[...]

n P art III Macintosh R eference 91 Chapter 6 Setting Up Y our Programs 91 Reminder: Back up 91 Reinstalling system software 91 Installing your programs 92 Installing programs without a floppy disk drive 92 Installing system software from floppy disks 93 Checking for computer viruses 94 W orking with several programs at a time 95 Finding out what p[...]

Chapter 8 Using Disks 113 Preparing a new disk for use 113 Initializing a hard disk 113 Initializing a floppy disk 115 Erasing a floppy disk 116 Designating a startup disk 116 Scanning order for startup disks 117 Protecting the information on a disk 117 Locking a floppy disk 117 Locking a file 118 Backing up your files 119 Restoring the information[...]

Finding an item 136 Finding an item by name 136 Finding an item using other criteria 137 Finding items that meet two criteria 139 W ays to use the Find command 139 Creating a template or stationer y 140 Getting information about your files 141 Using the Info window 141 Using the View menu 142 Assigning a label to a file 142 Tips on transferring fil[...]

Managing memor y 161 Checking memor y use 161 Making the most of your memor y 162 Adjusting the disk cache 162 Using hard disk space as memor y 163 T urning on 32-bit addressing 164 Setting the beep sound 165 Installing a sound 166 Removing a sound 166 Recording sounds 167 Changing the background pattern 168 Magnifying the screen image 170 Chapter [...]

Gaining access to files on shared disks 193 Before you begin 193 Connecting to a shared disk 193 Disconnecting from a shared disk 195 Connecting quickly to a shared disk 196 Connecting automatically when you start up 196 W orking with files and folders on other computers 197 Creating a new folder on another computer 197 Changing your password 197 G[...]

Using access privileges 213 Understanding access privileges 213 Setting access privileges to folders and disks 214 Access privilege strategies 215 W orking with privileges others have set 217 Checking your access privileges 217 Linking programs 218 Linking to a program on another computer 218 Disconnecting a program link 219 Allowing other people t[...]

Quick Reference Summar y and Shortcuts 239 Double-click 236 Shift-click 239 W orking with icons 239 Selecting icons 239 Opening an icon 240 Moving, copying, and renaming an icon 240 W orking with windows 240 Making a window the active window 240 Moving a window and changing its size 240 Scrolling through the contents of a window 241 Opening higher [...]

Appendix A K eyboard and Character Sets 259 Using Caps Lock 260 T yping special characters and symbols 260 Appendix B Exchanging Disks and Files with MS-DOS Computers 263 Initializing a disk in MS-DOS format 263 Converting files to and from MS-DOS format 265 Other file-conversion options 267 Appendix C Map 269 Setting your location 269 Comparing lo[...]

Radio and television interference The equipment described in this manual generates, uses, and can radiate radio- frequency energy. If it is not installed and used properly—that is, in strict accordance with Apple’s instructions—it may cause interference with radio and television reception. This equipment has been tested and found to comply wi[...]

How to Use This Book This book has several parts. n Chapter 1 explains how to set up your computer and learn how to use it. n Chapters 2–5 are a tutorial designed for people who have not used a Macintosh computer before. If you are new to the Macintosh, you should read this section of the book before you start your own work. n Chapters 6–14 con[...]

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Setting Up Y our Macintosh P owerBook In this chapter m Setting up your computer m Backing up your computer ’s hard disk m Lear ning how to use your computer m T ur ning the computer on and off m Important care and safety instructions m Being comfortable while you work m New Macintosh users: If you have never used a Macintosh computer before, rea[...]

Setting up the computer Step 1: Plug in the power adapter Plugging in the power adapter rechar ges the computer ’s batter y while you work. Y ou should plug it in now in case the batter y has drained during shipping and storage. s W ar ning: Use only the power adapter that came with your P owerBook computer . Adapters for other electronic devices[...]

Step 2: Open the display m Slide the latch to the right and lif t up the display . P osition the display at a comfortable viewing angle. Y ou can adjust the angle of the display at any time. Chapter 1: Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook 3[...]

Step 3: T urn on the computer m Open the door to the back panel of your computer . m Press the power button to turn the computer on . The power button has this icon: I Y ou hear a tone when you turn on the computer . It tak es the computer a moment to start up. Power button 4 Chapter 1: Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook[...]

Y ou see the Macintosh desktop on your screen. The computer is ready to use. Continue with the section “ What to Do Next.” T rouble? m The computer made a sound, but you can ’t see anything on the screen. Adjust the brightness control (mark ed with the icon ¤ ) and the contrast control ( O ) until an image appears and the screen is easy to r[...]

What to do next m If you have never used a Macintosh computer before, continue with the section “Lear ning the Basics.” m Otherwise, continue with the section “Backing Up Y our Hard Disk.” This section contains important information about protecting your software. Then go to “T urning the PowerBook On and Off.” This section contains inf[...]

Chapter 1: Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook 7 I Power button Elevation feet ¯ Power adapter port g SCSI port (HDI-30) V Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) port ≈ Sound in port - Sound out port P Reset button ¥ Interrupt button Speaker ¤ Brightness control O Contrast control Floppy disk drive W Modem port [ Printer port Microphone (optional) Y our comp[...]

Backing up your hard disk This section describes how to protect the software on your computer ’s hard disk. Why back up? Y our computer ’s hard disk comes with valuable infor mation stored on it, including the system software (which operates the computer) and some programs. Y ou should make a copy of the information on your hard disk for safeke[...]

What you need Just as you’ d need paper to make copies of important documents, you need floppy disks to copy the information on your hard disk. Y ou can probably buy the floppy disks at the same place you bought the computer . Floppy disks come in a variety of sizes and capacities. The ones you need for this chapter are called high-density 3.5-in[...]

Make the copy T o start the P owerBook 145B Backup program, follow these instructions: 1. T ur n on your computer . 2. Open the P owerBook 145B Backup program by double- clicking its icon . After a moment, the PowerBook 145B Back up program opens. 3. Make sure your disks ar e high-density floppy disks. Then click the Continue button . A message app[...]

4. Click the appropriate choice, as follows: m The first time through these instructions, click the Copy System F older button. m The second time through these instructions, click the Copy all Files button. m If you don ’t have enough floppy disks for your choice, click Quit. Skip the rest of this section for now , and continue with “T ur ning [...]

6. F ollow the instr uctions on the screen until a message tells you that you ’re finished. Remember to label each disk with the name displayed on the screen. The name will disappear as soon as the disk is ejected. Be sure to follow the labeling instructions so you can find the floppy disks again later . 7. F ollow steps 2-6 again , but this time[...]

T urning the P owerBook on and off Y our Macintosh PowerBook can be in one of three power states: off, sleep, or on. Off When the P owerBook is off, the computer is not using any power or doing any work. The terms shut down and off both refer to this state. Y ou should turn the computer off to m attach other equipment to it m replace its batter y m[...]

Sleep When the P owerBook is in sleep, it draws enough power to maintain the information in its memor y (including any open programs and documents). The computer is on, but almost completely inactive. Y ou should put the computer to sleep to conserve power when you take a work break. T o put the PowerBook to sleep m If the computer is on, choose th[...]

On When the P owerBook is on, you can do your work. T o turn the PowerBook on m If the computer is off, press the power button (mark ed with the icon I ). m If the computer is in sleep, press any k ey on the keyboard (except Caps Lock). On/off summar y If the And you want it to be power state is Off Sleep On Off — — Press power button Sleep Pre[...]

16 Chapter 1: Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook When you tur n on your computer When you turn on your PowerBook, the computer looks on the hard disk inside the computer for the system software it uses to start itself up. (A disk that contains the system software is called a startup disk.) When the computer finds the system software, it displays t[...]

Restarting a computer that’s already on Y ou need to restart your computer—turn it off and back on again immediately—when you want to make certain changes to your control panels, use a newly installed system software file, or start up the computer from a different disk. m Choose Restart from the Special menu. When you choose Restart, the comp[...]

m Hold down the power button for 5 seconds. When you let go, the computer turns itself off . T urning the computer off with the power button erases the contents of a RAM disk. m R estart from a floppy disk. 1. Insert the Disk T ools disk into the floppy disk drive. 2. Press the power button. If the computer turns on, there may be a problem with you[...]

Learning the basics The P owerBook comes with a tour and a tutorial to help you start using your computer as quickly as possible. m The Macintosh Basics tour teaches the most basic skills you need to master before you can use your computer . m The tutorial section of this book (Chapters 2–5) reviews the basic skills taught in the tour , and teach[...]

Finding the tour Y our Macintosh Basics tour may be on a floppy disk, or it may be on the computer ’s hard disk. m If the Macintosh desktop appeared on the screen when you first turned on your computer , then the system sof tware and the Macintosh Basics tour were installed on your computer ’s hard disk at the factor y . Continue with the secti[...]

2. Being careful not to roll the trackball, pr ess the trackball button twice in quick succession . Now your screen should look like the picture following step 3. If it doesn ’t, tr y steps 1 and 2 again, paying special attention to the following: m Make sure the tip of the arrow is touching the picture, not the words beneath it. m Be sure to pre[...]

4. Being careful not to roll the trackball, pr ess the trackball button twice in quick succession . Now your screen should look like the following illustration: 5. R oll the trackball to move the arrow over the picture of the man labeled “Macintosh Basics.” Make sure the tip of the arrow is over the picture of the man, not over the words “Mac[...]

6. Press the trackball button twice in quick succession. Now your screen should look like the following picture: If you don ’t see this screen, tr y again, paying special attention to the following: m Make sure the tip of the arrow is touching the picture, not the words beneath it. m Be sure to press the trackball button twice. m T r y pressing t[...]

Starting the tour from a floppy disk 1. Insert the Macintosh Basics disk into the floppy disk drive (metal end first, label side up). After a moment, your screen should look like this: Insert metal end first. 24 Chapter 1: Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook[...]

2. R oll the trackball to move the arrow over the picture of the man labeled “Macintosh Basics.” Make sure the tip of the arrow is over the picture of the man, not over the words “Macintosh Basics.” 3. Press the trackball button twice in quick succession. Now your screen should look like the following picture: If you don ’t see this scree[...]

Important care and safety instr uctions F or your own safety and that of your equipment, read and follow all the instructions in this section. Keep these instr uctions available for reference by you and others. ± W arning m Electrical equipment may be hazardous if misused. Operation of this product, or similar products, must always be supervised b[...]

s Caution m If you have a problem with your computer and nothing presented in the manuals that came with the computer solves the problem, take the computer to your authorized Apple dealer or service provider . Attempting to repair the computer yourself may void the limited warranty. Contact your authorized Apple dealer or service provider for addit[...]

m Do not use the computer in wet or dusty environments. m Keep dirt and liquids away from the ports on the back panel, the keyboard, and the trackball. If you spill any food or liquid onto the computer , shut it down immediately and unplug it before cleaning up the spill. Depending on what you spilled and how much got into the computer , you may ha[...]

Health concerns associated with computer use Muscle soreness, eye fatigue, and other discomforts and injuries sometimes associated with computer use can result from per for ming any number of activities. Misuse of the same muscles during multiple activities can create a problem that might not otherwise exist. For example, if you engage in nonwork a[...]

Repetitive stress injuries Repetitive stress injuries (RSIs) can occur when a certain muscle or tendon is repeatedly overused and forced into an unnatural position. The exact causes of RSIs are not understood, but it is thought that awkward posture, the amount of repetition, the force used in the activity , and your physiology and lifestyle may all[...]

Arranging your work space and equipment The suggestions in this section can help you work more comfortably with your computer . Chair Whenever possible, use an adjustable chair that provides firm, comfortable support. m Adjust the height of the chair so your thighs are horizontal, your feet flat on the floor , and the backs of your knees slightly h[...]

m If you prefer , you can adjust the angle of the keyboard by rotating the elevation feet at both ends of the back panel until they snap into position. The back of the keyboard is slightly elevated when the feet are in use. Otherwise, the keyboard is level. Mouse If you use a mouse, position it at the same height as your keyboard. When you slide th[...]

General suggestions m Wherever you’re working, tak e a moment to think about whether you feel comfortable, and change position if necessar y . m Occasionally rest your eyes. F rom time to time focus your eyes on a distant object, and blink often while you work. m Some computer users may develop discomfort in their arms, wrists, or hands if they d[...]

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W orking on the Desktop In this chapter Review basic trackball skills: m Moving the pointer m Choosing a command m Opening an icon m Looking at the contents of a window And learn: m How to close a window m How to move a window m What the icons on your desktop represent Before you begin Y ou should have already m set up your computer according to th[...]

Use the trackball Y our computer has a two-button trackball. Y ou use the ball itself to control the movements of a pointer on the screen. The pointer you’ll see most often is an ar row ( 8 ). Y ou use the buttons to initiate actions that you want the computer to perfor m. Both trackball buttons do the same thing. Y ou can always use whichever on[...]

Click Y ou click an object on the screen by pressing and quickly releasing a trackball button while the pointer is over that object. Practice clicking different objects on the Macintosh desktop, such as the startup hard disk icon near the upper -right cor ner and the T rash icon near the lower -right corner . When you click an icon, it becomes high[...]

P ress Y ou press by holding down a trackball button without moving the trackball. Practice pressing the menu names and icons in the menu bar— start with the Apple ( K ) menu icon at the left side, through the menu names, and across to the Help and Application menu icons at the right side. Pressing a menu name or icon “pulls down” the menu. R[...]

Drag Y ou drag an object on the screen by pointing to that object and holding down a trackball button while you roll the trackball. Practice dragging the startup hard disk icon and the T rash icon around the Macintosh desktop. When you drag an icon, an outline of the icon follows the pointer on the screen. When you release the trackball button, the[...]

Choose a command Choosing a command involves using a combination of the trackball actions you’ve reviewed. 1. P oint to the Special menu title in the menu bar . 2. Press to pull down the Special menu. 3. Drag to the first item in the menu (the Clean Up Desktop command) so it becomes highlighted, and then release the trackball button. When you cho[...]

Open an icon Opening an icon is your first exercise in telling the computer what you want it to do . 1. Click the startup hard disk icon to select it. The icon is in the upper -right cor ner of the screen. Unless someone has changed its name, the icon is called “Macintosh HD.” Make sure that the icon is highlighted (darkened), which means that [...]

Look at the contents of a window Ever y window has several features that help you view the window’s contents. But before you can work with the contents of a window , you need to make that window the active window . Make a window the active window Y ou can have several windows open on your screen at one time, but only one window can be the active [...]

4. Drag to the Open command so it becomes highlighted, and then release the trackball button. When you choose the Open command, the T rash icon opens into a window (the T rash window). The T rash icon becomes filled in with a pattern of dots, indicating that it has been opened. Y ou should now have two windows on your Macintosh desktop: the Macinto[...]

5. Click anywhere in the Macintosh HD window to make it the active window . Notice that the solid lines now appear at the top of the Macintosh HD window . ( The area containing the window title and the solid lines is called the title bar .) When windows overlap, the active window is the one that’s on top. Make a window larger or smaller Sometimes[...]

2. Drag the size box in any direction, and then release the trackball button. While you drag, an outline follows the pointer to indicate the window’s new size. The new size takes effect when you release the trackball button. 3. Click the zoom box near the right end of the title bar . The window “zooms” to a size that shows all the items in th[...]

Move the hidden contents of a window into view As you work with your computer , you’ll encounter windows containing more than you can view on the screen at one time. Y ou can view contents that are out of sight, as described in the following steps. 1. Check that the Macintosh HD window is active, then click the System Folder to select it. Make su[...]

6. Drag the size box diagonally (up and to the lef t) to make the window about half its current size, and then release the trackball button. The bars across the bottom and along the right side of the System F older window should now be gray , indicating that the window has contents that are not currently visible. The gray bars are called scroll bar[...]

9. Drag the scroll box toward the middle of the horizontal scroll bar , and then release the trackball button. Now you see the icons near the middle of the window . The vertical scroll bar , scroll box, and scroll ar rows work the same way . T r y them. Close a window When you no longer need to see the contents of a window , you can close it by cli[...]

Move a window Y ou can move a window anywhere on the screen by dragging its title bar . By changing the position and size of windows, you can ar range your Macintosh desktop in whatever way is best for you. 1. P oint to the title bar of the (active) Macintosh HD window . P osition the pointer anywhere on the title bar except over the close box or t[...]

The window closes, and the Macintosh HD icon reappears in its previous form. The T rash window (the remaining window on the Macintosh desktop) becomes the active window . 4. Close the T rash window by choosing Close Window from the File menu. Y ou choose Close Window by pointing to the F ile menu title, pressing to pull down the menu, dragging to t[...]

Different types of icons represent different types of containers. Hard disks and floppy disks are lik e filing cabinets. Y ou use disks to store files —your programs and the documents you create with them. Shared disks are like filing cabinets containing office supplies or information that you share with others in your work group. Y our Macintosh[...]

Documents are files containing words, pictures, numbers, sounds —whatever you create with your programs. The T rash is a container for files that you no longer want. W indows let you see what’s inside containers Windows let you see what’s inside all these containers. When you open a disk icon, the window that appears shows you what’s on the[...]

Using the keyboar d Y ou use the keyboard to type text and numbers, just as you would on a typewriter . (For touch typists, your k eyboard has raised dots in the middle of the D key and the K k ey to help position your fingers on the home row .) Depending on the program you’re using, you can use special keys on the k eyboard to give commands to t[...]

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55 Creating and Changing a Document In this chapter n How to open a program n How to use a program to create a document n Why it’s important to save your work, and how to save it n How to switch between programs n How programs and system software differ from each other n How to close a document n How to open a document n How to change a document [...]

Open a program Y our computer comes with a simple word-processing program called T eachT ext. Y ou’re going to use this program to create a document. 1. Open the Macintosh HD icon . (Click the icon to select it, and then choose Open from the File menu.) The Macintosh HD window appears, showing you the contents of your hard disk. The contents incl[...]

Create a document The untitled window is like a blank sheet of paper . In the upper - left cor ner of the empty document is a blinking vertical line (|). This line is called the insertion point, because it marks the place where the text you type will be inserted. As you type, use your computer keyboard as you would a typewriter k eyboard, except: n[...]

58 Chapter 3: Creating and Changing a Document 2. T ype “Opening Lines”. Because the word “Untitled” is selected (highlighted) when the dialog box appears, all you have to do to name your document is start typing. Whatever you type replaces the selected text. 3. Click Save. The window is now titled “Opening Lines” and the document has b[...]

2. Make the Finder the active program by clicking the Macintosh HD icon , or clicking anywher e on the desktop outside the Opening Lines window . The Finder becomes the active program. Notice: n The Macintosh HD window appears on top of the Opening Lines window . n The menu bar shows the Finder’s menu titles. n The Application menu icon at the ri[...]

Y ou choose F inder by pointing to the Application menu icon, pressing to pull down the menu, dragging to highlight the name Finder , and then releasing the trackball button. The Finder becomes the active program, and the Macintosh HD window becomes the active window . 5. Make T eachT ext the active program by choosing T eachT ext from the Applicat[...]

Open a document When you open a document, the program you used to create that document becomes the active program. 1. If you closed the Macintosh HD window, open the Macintosh HD icon now . (Click the icon to select it, and then choose Open from the File menu.) The Macintosh HD window appears, showing you the contents of your hard disk. The content[...]

2. Open the Opening Lines icon by double-clicking it. T o double-click an icon, you click it twice in rapid succession without moving the pointer . (Use the trackball to position the pointer over the icon, and then click one of the trackball buttons twice.) Double-clicking an icon has the same effect as selecting the icon and then choosing the Open[...]

3. Move the I-beam pointer to the immediate lef t of the word “people” (af ter “ All”). 4. Drag horizontally , selecting the word “people”, and then release the trackball button. T o drag, hold the trackball button down while you roll the trackball. The selected word is highlighted (surrounded by black). If you select more or less than [...]

Now you’ll rearrange some text. 9. Move the I-beam pointer to the immediate lef t of the word “they” (after “conscience,”). 10. Drag horizontally , selecting the word “they”, and then release the trackball button. 11. W ith “they” selected, choose Cut from the Edit menu. Choosing Cut removes the selected material from the document[...]

15. Press the space bar once, type “ar e”, and then press the space bar once again . 16. Move the I-beam pointer between the letters t and h in the word “they”. 17. Click the trackball button to place the insertion point. 18. Press the Delete key once and then type a capital T . Save your work so far The changes you’ve made so far are not[...]

Make more changes The changes you’ve made so far are now part of the document that’s stored on your hard disk. 1. Move the I-beam pointer ( 9 ) between the letters E and n in the word “Endowed”. 2. Click once to place the insertion point. 3. Press the Delete key once and then type a lower case e . 4. Move the I-beam pointer to the immediate[...]

5. Press the Delete key once, pr ess the space bar once, and then type “and”. 6. Move the I-beam pointer to the immediate lef t of “each other ”. 7. Click the trackball button once. Clicking moves the insertion point to the place where you positioned the I-beam. 8. Move the I-beam pointer to the immediate right of the “each other ”. Do [...]

11. Select the word “togetherness” by double-clicking it. T o select a word by double-clicking it, position the I-beam pointer over the word and then click twice in rapid succession, without moving the pointer . 12. W ith “together ness” selected, type “brotherhood”. Y ou may now have extra spaces or no spaces between words. If so, posi[...]

Make a copy of a document Y ou’ll of ten want to mak e a copy of a document so you can preserve the original and modif y the copy . T o practice making a copy of a document, you’ll use the “Opening Lines” document you created. 1. If you closed the Macintosh HD window, open the Macintosh HD icon now . (Click the icon to select it, and then c[...]

3. Choose Duplicate from the File menu. A new icon, labeled “Opening Lines copy ”, appears in the hard disk window . Notice that the icon is selected. Other ways to make a copy of a file are outlined in the summary chapter in the reference section of this book. Change the name of an icon Y ou can change the name of any icon, using any character[...]

3. W ith the name selected, type “ Article 1”. Whatever you type replaces the selected text. 4. Press the R eturn key. Pressing Return saves the new name. Now you have two identical documents with different names. Y ou can revise one without changing the other . Use the T rash When you no longer need a file or a folder , you can throw it away b[...]

2. Drag the Article 1 icon to the T rash icon until both icons are highlighted, and then r elease the trackball button . If the Macintosh HD window is blocking the T rash icon, move the window by dragging its title bar . Both icons are highlighted when the tip of the arrow pointer reaches the T rash icon. When you release the trackball button, the [...]

Chapter 4 W orking With Disks In this chapter m What hard disks and floppy disks are for , and how they differ m How to insert and remove a floppy disk m How to prepare a disk for use m How to copy the contents of a disk m How to protect a floppy disk and its contents m How to put programs onto your computer Before you begin Y ou need a new floppy [...]

Insert a floppy disk Y our computer ’s floppy disk drive can accommodate 3.5-inch (89-millimeter) floppy disks of two types: m high-density disks, which can hold up to 1.4 megabytes (MB) of information m double-sided disks, which can hold up to 800 kilobytes (K) of information ( The next page explains kilobytes and megabytes.) F ollow these steps[...]

Floppy disks and har d disks Both floppy disks and hard disks function lik e filing cabinets: you use them to store information. Y ou can store much more on a hard disk than on a floppy disk, however , and the computer can retrieve information from a hard disk much faster . Floppy disks and hard disks are represented by different icons. The disk wh[...]

Initialize a disk Ever y new disk needs to be prepared for use. Preparing a new disk is called initializing it. In the same way that lines are drawn on a newly paved parking lot to mark off parking spaces, the initializing process creates or ganized areas on the disk where the computer can store information. Y our computer ’s hard disk was initia[...]

3. Click Erase. A third dialog box appears: 4. T ype “Practice”. If you make any typing errors, press the Delete k ey to backspace over them. 5. Click OK. The computer takes about a minute to initialize the disk. Messages appear on the screen to let you know how the process is going. When initialization is finished, the disk’s icon appears di[...]

Copy the contents of a disk Most programs you’ll use with your Macintosh are supplied on floppy disks. Y ou can use a program more efficiently if you first install it on your hard disk. Y ou install most programs by copying them from the floppy disk to your hard disk. T o practice copying the contents of a floppy disk to your hard disk, use your [...]

3. Open the Practice folder icon . T o open the icon, click the icon to select it and then choose Open from the File menu. The folder holds the contents of the floppy disk you’ve copied. In this case, the folder is empty because there’s nothing on the Practice disk. 4. Close all the windows on the Macintosh desktop. Y ou close a window (when it[...]

T ake a floppy disk out of its drive Y ou take a floppy disk out of its drive when you no longer need to get information from or store infor mation on that disk. 1. Click the Practice floppy disk icon to select it. Click the icon, not its name. 2. Eject the floppy disk by choosing Put Away from the File menu. Y ou choose Put Away by pointing to the[...]

P rotect the contents of a disk Y ou can lock a floppy disk so its contents cannot be changed in any way . When a disk is locked, you can look at the files it contains, but you cannot modify the files on it, delete them, or store any new files. Use your practice disk to practice locking and unlocking a floppy disk. 1. Hold the practice disk with yo[...]

On your own: Install your programs If you have a floppy disk drive and disks containing programs that you plan to use with your Macintosh, you can install the programs on your hard disk now (or you can wait until later and continue with the next chapter). The general instructions in this section describe how to copy the contents of a program disk t[...]

6. Click the program folder to select it. 7. Choose Open from the File menu. The folder window appears, showing you the contents of the program folder . The folder has the same contents as the program disk. 8. L ook for a System F older in the program folder . Some program disks contain a System F older so they can be used as startup disks. (A star[...]

85 L ear ning More About Y our Computer In this chapter m How to open the Batter y desk accessor y m How to open the P owerBook control panel m How to use the Balloon Help system m Where to look for information about your computer and its sof tware Before you begin Make sure that your computer is on. This short chapter introduces you to the Batter [...]

Open the Batter y desk accessor y The Batter y desk accessor y tells you approximately how much power is left in the batter y as you use the computer . T o open the Batter y desk accessor y: m Choose Batter y from the Apple ( K ) menu. Y ou can leave the Batter y desk accessor y open to k eep track of the batter y charge while you work. The desk ac[...]

2. Open the P owerBook icon . (Click the icon once to select it, then choose Open from the File menu. Or double-click the icon.) The P owerBook control panel appears. Y ou drag the Batter y Conservation slider to the lef t to improve perfor mance (but batter y power is used up more quickly) or to the right to conserve power (but the computer may wo[...]

4. T o show a balloon describing your startup hard disk, point to the hard disk icon. A balloon appears next to the icon. Balloons do not affect how you work with your computer . Y ou still select icons, choose commands, and so on. 5. Click your hard disk icon to select it. Y ou can select the icon even with the balloon showing. 6. P oint to the Fi[...]

Use P art III of this book Part III of this book, Macintosh Reference, contains all the information you need to use your computer ’s hardware and system software. Unlike Parts I and II, which are meant to be read from beginning to end, Part III is meant to be used lik e an encyclopedia: you turn to it when you need to look up some information, an[...]

[...]

Setting Up Y our Programs In this chapter m Reinstalling system sof tware m Installing your programs m W orking with several programs at a time m Using the Scrapbook m Using a RAM disk Reminder: Back up If you didn ’t back up your computer ’s hard disk as described in Chapter 1, remember to do so soon. Y ou will need the back up copy if you eve[...]

Installing your programs Most application programs come on floppy disks, and you install them by simply copying them from the floppy disks to your hard disk. Some programs need to be installed in a particular way . If your program came with specific instructions, follow them. T o use your programs most effectively: m Put only one copy of each progr[...]

Installing system software from floppy disks System software is a set of programs that your computer uses to start up and operate. If you purchased a system software update kit or have system software on floppy disks or on a shared disk on the network, use these instructions. T o reinstall system sof tware from a backup you have made, see “Restor[...]

4. When the computer prompts you, remove the disk and insert the next disk the computer requests. During installation, the computer automatically ejects a disk it has finished with and requests the next disk it needs. If you’re installing over a network, you won ’t need to insert disks. 5. Insert the remaining disks as the computer prompts you.[...]

m T o avoid compatibility problems, be sure to use only one virus-detection program at a time. m If your computer is on a network or if you use a modem, check for viruses each time you copy infor mation from an outside source. m If you give information to other computer users on disks or send information electronically, mak e certain that there are[...]

Switching programs Y ou can switch to another open program or desk accessor y by choosing its name from the Application menu. If a program’s icon is dimmed in the menu, that means its windows are hidden. Choosing the program from the Application menu displays its windows. Y ou can also switch to another program by clicking in a window that belong[...]

Changing the amount of memor y a program uses Each program you open sets aside the amount of memor y it needs. (If you don ’t have enough memor y to open a program, you need to quit one of the programs already open to free up some memor y .) On occasion you may want to increase or decrease the amount of memor y a program uses. Y ou increase the a[...]

Using the Scrapbook Y ou can use the Scrapbook to store text, graphics, sounds, and other elements that you frequently include in your documents. Storing items in the Scrapbook: 1. In your document, select the text or other element that you want to store in the Scrapbook. 2. Choose Copy from the Edit menu. 3. Choose Scrapbook from the Apple ( K ) m[...]

Using a R AM disk A RAM disk is a portion of your computer ’s memor y that you set aside for use as a temporar y storage device. Using a RAM disk conserves power because the computer uses less energy to access RAM than to access a hard disk or a floppy disk. T o use a RAM disk, you should have at least 4 MB of RAM in your computer because memor y[...]

3. Click the On button below the words “R AM disk.” 4. Drag the slider to choose the percentage of available memory you want to use for your RAM disk. Choose a size just large enough to accommodate the programs and documents you want to put on the RAM disk. Don ’t choose a larger size than you need because memor y set aside for the RAM disk w[...]

P ower Management In this chapter m Checking the batter y level m Responding to low-power messages m Recharging the battery m Removing or replacing the batter y m Maximizing batter y life m Getting the most work time out of the batter y Monitoring the batter y charge level Y our computer ’s main power source is a nickel-cadmium battery. The batte[...]

The Batter y desk accessor y appears. The line of rectangles is the batter y gauge. Black rectangles indicate the charge level. Y ou can see the level decrease while the batter y is in use, and increase while the batter y is recharging in the computer . When you click the lever to the right of the batter y gauge, a Sleep button appears. Y ou may so[...]

The second message is followed almost immediately by a third and final message indicating that the computer is about to put itself to sleep. When time is up, the computer goes to sleep automatically to protect the contents of RAM. If you continue working until the computer goes to sleep automatically , you may not be able to wake it again until you[...]

s W ar ning: Use only the power adapter that came with your computer . Adapters for other electronic devices (including other portable computers) may look similar , but they may damage your computer . s A lightning bolt icon appears in the Batter y desk accessor y when the power adapter is plugged in and the batter y is rechar ging. The lightning b[...]

Recharging with a recharger A batter y recharger and additional batteries are available as options for your computer . If you purchase a recharger and an extra batter y , you can charge one battery while you use the other , so you always have a fully charged battery on hand. The recharger can accommodate two batteries. The battery slots work indepe[...]

3. Place the batter y in the r echarger as shown . Recharging begins immediately . Y ou can remove a batter y from the recharger at any time. s s s s Important: T o preser ve a batter y ’s charge, don ’t leave it in the recharger if the power adapter is not plugged into an electrical outlet. s s s s The lights on the recharger indicate the foll[...]

4. Carefully pull the battery out of its compartment. 5. If you are inserting another battery , slide it into the battery compartment. Replacement batteries come with a door attached. 6. Close the batter y door by pushing it back into place. 7. If you just inserted a new batter y , it’s a good idea to plug in the power adapter in case the batter [...]

Maximizing batter y life T o maximize batter y life, discharge and then rechar ge the batter y completely once ever y 90 days. Just use the computer as you normally would, but ignore the low-power messages that appear on the screen. (Make sure to save your work, however .) When the computer goes to sleep automatically , recharge the battery complet[...]

Maximizing work time Y our P owerBook’s batter y can provide up to 3 hours of work time before you need to recharge it. The actual work time available depends on what equipment you’re using with your computer and what steps you take to conserve power while you work. W ays to conser ve batter y power The more of these steps you take, the longer [...]

110 Chapter 7: Power Management Adjusting the batter y conser vation settings The Batter y Conservation section of the PowerBook control panel gives you several ways to regulate your computer ’s power consumption. The easiest approach Just use the Batter y Conservation slider to choose the setting you prefer . 1. Choose Control P anels from the A[...]

More about automatic sleep The Batter y Conservation slider controls two different power conservation features: system sleep and hard disk sleep. m System sleep is a state in which your computer uses only the power it needs to maintain the contents of RAM. ( The contents of RAM include any open programs and documents, and various control panel sett[...]

P rocessor cycling If the computer is not doing anything for a few seconds, it reduces the power consumption of its microprocessor . The microprocessor comes back up to speed instantaneously when you resume work. This feature is called processor cycling. Y ou don ’t need to do anything to use the processor cycling feature. But if you notice that [...]

Using Disks In this chapter m Preparing a new disk for use m Erasing a disk m Choosing a startup disk m Protecting the information on a disk m Restoring the information on your hard disk m If you can ’t save files on a floppy disk m Ejecting a disk m Caring for disks m T esting and repairing disks P reparing a new disk for use Before you can use [...]

1. Insert Disk T ools and tur n on your computer . 2. L ocate the Apple HD SC Setup icon and open it. The name of the hard disk currently selected is shown as the “volume name.” The SC SI ID number of the selected hard disk is displayed above the Drive button. ( The ID number of an internal hard disk is 0.) 3. Click Drive until the disk you wan[...]

Initializing a floppy disk Initializing a new floppy disk prepares the disk to store information. 1. Insert a new floppy disk into your floppy disk drive. If you inserted a high-density disk (1.4 MB), this message appears: If you inserted a double-sided (800K) disk, this message appears: 2. If you inserted a high-density disk, click Initialize. If [...]

Erasing a floppy disk Erasing a disk actually reinitializes it. s W ar ning: When you erase a disk, you lose any information that was on the disk. s 1. Click the icon of the disk you want to erase. 2. Choose Erase Disk from the Special menu. A message appears. 3. Depending on the type of disk you ’re erasing, click Initialize or T wo -Sided. The [...]

Scanning order for startup disks When you turn on your computer , it looks for a startup disk (a disk containing a System F older) in the following sequence: 1. internal floppy disk drive (if any) 2. external floppy disk drive (if any) 3. disk (or RAM disk) selected in the Startup Disk control panel 4. internal hard disk 5. external hard disk (if t[...]

Locking a file Y ou use the Get Info command to lock a document or a program. Locking a program may affect its operation. 1. Click the icon of the file you want to lock. 2. Choose Get Info from the File menu. 3. In the Info window, click the Locked box in the lower-left cor ner . 4. Close the Info window . T o unlock the file, click the L ocked box[...]

Chapter 8: Using Disks 119 Backing up your files Y ou can back up the work you store on a hard disk by copying individual files onto another disk in the usual way (dragging their icons to the icon of the other disk). Y ou can back up the contents of an entire floppy disk by dragging its icon to another floppy disk icon or a hard disk icon. Use the [...]

Using P owerBook 145B Backup for the first time When you use the P owerBook 145B Backup program for the first time, you should make a copy of your System F older , and then a copy of all the files on your hard disk. F ollow these steps: 1. Open the P owerBook 145B Backup program by double- clicking its icon . The P owerBook 145B Backup program open[...]

Using P owerBook 145B Backup to update your backup copy Keeping your backup copy up to date will protect you in case information on your hard disk is accidentally lost or damaged. Y ou can use the floppy disks that contain a back up copy of all the files on your hard disk. Don ’t update your backup copy of the System F older . Save this in case y[...]

4. Make sure your floppy disks ar e high-density . Then click the Continue button. A message appears, telling you how many high-density disks you will need to copy all files on your hard disk, or to copy just the System F older . It also tells you approximately how long it will take to mak e the copy. 5. Click the button that corresponds to your ch[...]

Restoring the information on your hard disk If information on your hard disk becomes damaged or lost, you can restore it if you have a back up copy of the infor mation. Y ou can use the program called P owerBook 145B Backup that came with your Macintosh to mak e a backup copy of the information on your hard disk. The program called P owerBook 145B [...]

5. Open the P owerBook 145B Restor e icon by double- clicking it. In a moment you’ll see this screen: 6. Read the information on the screen and click the Continue button. 7. Insert the backup disk labeled 1. Restoring proceeds automatically . 8. Respond to any messages you see on the screen. If P owerBook 145B Restore finds an item on your hard d[...]

Restoring your System F older If your Macintosh does not start up any more, replacing the System F older may solve the problem. If you used P owerBook 145B Backup to mak e a backup copy of your System F older , you can use P owerBook 145B Restore to replace the damaged System F older on your hard disk with a fresh copy from your back up disks. T o [...]

Ejecting a disk Y ou can eject a floppy disk by doing any of the following: m Click the disk icon to select it and choose Put A way from the File menu. The disk is ejected and its icon disappears from the desktop. m Drag the disk icon to the T rash. The disk is ejected and its icon disappears from the desktop. (Dragging a disk to the T rash does no[...]

Caring for disks F or information on floppy disk care, see the section on working with disks in Part II of this book, or consult the instructions that came with your floppy disks. Hard disk precautions Hard disk drives are delicate mechanisms and should be handled with care. m Do not bump, jar , or move your computer while the hard disk is in use. [...]

m If the hard disk is external, make sure it is turned on and its cable is connected firmly; then restart the Macintosh. m Check the ID numbers of all SC SI equipment connected to your computer . Each device must have a unique ID number (the computer itself has the ID number 7, and the internal hard disk has the number 0). Also check that the chain[...]

3. Click the Drive button until the name of the disk you want to test appears. Click the Eject button if you want to insert a different floppy disk. 4. Click Open. 5. Choose Repair A utomatically from the Options menu. 6. Click the Start button to begin testing the disk. 7. When testing and repair ar e finished, choose Quit from the File menu. If y[...]

T esting a hard disk Y ou can test a hard disk with the Apple HD SC Setup program, which is on the Disk T ools disk that came with your computer . 1. Insert Disk T ools and start up your computer . 2. Open the Apple HD SC Setup icon . 3. Click the Drive button until the disk you want appears. 4. Click T est. 5. When a message tells you that testing[...]

Or ganizing Y our F iles In this chapter m Straightening up your files m Using folders to organize your files m Filing documents when you save them m Making items easier to find m Finding an item m Creating a template or stationer y m Getting information about your files m Assigning a label to a file m Tips on transferring files Straightening up yo[...]

Using folders to organize your files Macintosh folders, like the paper folders in a file cabinet, can be used to store and organize your work. Y ou can place one folder inside another to create a hierarchy of files. Creating and naming folders Y ou can create a new folder whenever the F inder is the active program. 1. Choose New F older from the Fi[...]

Filing documents when you save them The first time you save a document (or whenever you choose Save As to create another version of that document), a director y dialog box appears. A director y is the list of files and folders contained in a folder or on a disk. Y ou use this box to name your document and indicate where to store it. Director y dial[...]

Making items easier to find Y our Macintosh provides several ways to mak e a file, folder , or other item easy to find and open. Y ou can m create aliases for the item and put the aliases in convenient locations m install the item (or its alias) in the Apple ( K ) menu m move the item (or its alias) to the desktop Creating an alias An alias represe[...]

Locating the original of an alias An alias’s Info window shows the location of the original. 1. Select the alias whose original you want to find. 2. Choose Get Info from the File menu. 3. Click the Find Original button . The window containing the original item opens. The icon is selected. (If the original is on another disk, you’re ask ed to in[...]

Finding an item When the Finder is the active program, you can use the F ind command in the File menu to find any item on any disk connected to your computer . ( The Find command cannot locate items inside the System file. Y ou need to open the System file to see its contents.) Finding an item by name 1. Choose Find from the File menu. The dialog b[...]

Finding an item using other criteria Y ou can use the F ind command to find items by size, label, date, or other characteristics. 1. Choose Find from the File menu. 2. If you see a button labeled More Choices, click the button . The dialog box that appears lets you select search characteristics using pop-up menus. The content of the middle pop-up m[...]

6. Choose a search location from the pop-up menu labeled Search. 7. If you want all items displayed at once, click the checkbox labeled “all at once.” 8. Click the Find button when you ’ve finished selecting options. The first matching item is shown highlighted in a F inder window . T o see the next matching item, choose F ind Again from the [...]

Finding items that meet two criteria Y ou can locate items that meet two sets of criteria, such as all items created before a certain date and lar ger than a certain size. 1. Choose the first criterion . 2. Click the “all at once” box so that an X appears. 3. Click the Find button. The items found are shown highlighted in an outline view . 4. C[...]

Creating a template or stationer y Most documents can be saved as or converted into a stationer y pad, which is a template form of the document. The template retains its format and content, and you can use it repeatedly as a master for similar documents with different content. Many programs let you save a document as a stationer y pad when you choo[...]

4. Close the Info window . The document icon now appears as a stationer y pad icon. When you open a stationer y pad, an untitled window appears showing the contents of the stationer y , or a dialog box appears asking you to name the new document. If you want to change the stationer y pad itself you must first turn it back into a regular document. Y[...]

Using the V iew menu Y ou can use the View menu to display the contents of a window by icon or small icon, or you can list items according to various characteristics such as name, size, or kind. ( Y ou can use the Views control panel to change how files are listed and what information is included in the list. See the chapter on adapting your comput[...]

T ips on transferring files Y ou can transfer files from your computer ’s internal hard disk in the following ways: m Over a network Y ou can connect your computer to a network and transfer files over the network. F or information, see the networking chapter . m Over telephone lines If your computer is connected to a modem or has a modem installe[...]

Adapting Y our Computer to Y our Own Use In this chapter m Specifying which items you want opened at startup m Installing an item in the Apple menu m Installing files in the System F older m Changing the labels in the L abel menu m Setting the time and date m Setting a time for the Alarm Clock to go off m T ur ning the alarm off m Changing time and[...]

Specifying which items you want opened at startup T o have a program or a document open automatically when you start up your computer , drag its icon or its alias to the Startup Items folder , which is inside the System Folder . Programs or documents that you put in the Startup Items folder are opened when you start up your computer . Y ou can open[...]

Most special files are stored in folders inside the System F older . When you drag a file’s icon to the System F older icon, your computer recognizes which type of file it is and stores the file in the appropriate folder . If you drag an item to the System F older window instead of the System F older icon, the file is not stored in the appropriat[...]

Changing the items in the Label menu Y ou can change the labels in the Label menu. Y ou make these changes in the L abels control panel. 1. Choose Control P anels from the Apple ( K ) menu and open the L abels control panel. 2. T o change a label, drag across it to select it and then type your new label. Setting the time and date Y our computer has[...]

Y ou can also set the time and date using the General Controls panel or the Alarm Clock. Setting a time for the Alarm Clock to go off Y ou can set the Alarm Clock to alert you when it’s time for an appointment or a meeting. 1. Choose Alarm Clock from the Apple ( K ) menu. 2. Click the upward-pointing lever near the upper -right corner to expand t[...]

3. Click the alar m clock icon in the lower -right cor ner to select it. The alarm clock icon becomes highlighted when you select it. The time that appears in the middle section is the current alarm clock setting. 4. Click the hours, minutes, or seconds in the alar m clock setting to select them. Up and down arrows appear to the right of the time d[...]

Changing the date format 1. Choose Control P anels from the Apple ( K ) menu and open the Date & T ime control panel. 2. In the Date & T ime control panel, click Date Formats. 3. In the dialog box that appears, make the changes you want. A sample of the format you choose appears at the bottom of the dialog box. 4. Click OK to close the cont[...]

Changing the time format 1. Choose Control P anels from the Apple ( K ) menu and open the Date & T ime control panel. 2. In the Date & T ime control panel, click T ime F or mats. 3. Make the changes you want. A sample of the format you choose appears at the bottom of the dialog box. 4. Click OK to close the control panel. 152 Chapter 10: Ad[...]

Changing number and currency formats Y ou can choose among several formats for displaying numbers and currency. 1. Choose Control P anels from the Apple ( K ) menu and open the Numbers control panel. 2. Make the changes that you want. 3. Close the control panel. Chapter 10: Adapting Your Computer to Your Own Use 153 Type the currency symbol here. C[...]

Adjusting the way the trackball or mouse works Y ou can adjust two aspects of trackball or mouse operation in the Mouse control panel: tracking, which is the relation between trackball or mouse movement and pointer movement on the screen, and double-clicking speed. 1. Choose Control P anels from the Apple ( K ) menu and open the Mouse control panel[...]

Adjusting the way the keyboard works Y ou can adjust the rate at which a character repeats when its k ey is held down as well as the delay before the character begins repeating. Y ou can also change the keyboard layout if you have additional keyboard layouts installed. 1. Choose Control P anels from the Apple ( K ) menu and open the Keyboard contro[...]

Making keyboard shortcuts easier to type With the system software feature called Sticky Keys, you can type keyboard shortcuts (such as x -S for the Save command) without actually pressing the keys simultaneously . m T o turn Sticky Keys on or off, press the Shif t key five times without moving the mouse. With Sticky Keys on, you can type a k eyboar[...]

Adjusting the blinking of a menu item Y ou can change the number of times a menu item blinks when it’s chosen. Y ou mak e this adjustment in the General Controls panel. 1. Choose Control P anels from the Apple ( K ) menu and open the General Controls panel. 2. Click the button for the number of times you want the menu item to blink. Clicking the [...]

Changing the way the contents of windows appear Y ou can change the way the contents of F inder windows are displayed, and you can change the items in the View menu. Y ou make these changes in the Views control panel. Choose Control Panels from the Apple ( K ) menu and open the Views control panel. Use the Views control panel to change m the font a[...]

Changing an icon Y ou can change an icon by creating or copying a picture you want and then pasting it into an icon ’s Info window . Some icons can ’t be changed, including those for control panels and other parts of the system software. Ever y icon fits inside a small square. 1. Select the picture you want to use for the icon. 2. Copy the pict[...]

160 Chapter 10: Adapting Your Computer to Your Own Use 6. Choose P aste from the Edit menu. The picture you copied replaces the selected icon in the Info window . If the picture is bigger than the icon, it automatically shrinks to fit. 7. Close the Info window . Y ou can restore the original icon by clicking the picture in the upper -left cor ner o[...]

Managing memor y Occasionally you may need to make adjustments in how your Macintosh uses its random-access memor y (RAM) in order to work efficiently with lar ge programs or with several programs at once. Checking memor y use Y ou can find out how much memor y your computer has, how much of it is available, and how much memor y is being used by ea[...]

m Reducing the size of the disk cache makes more memory available. (See the disk cache section in this chapter .) m Reducing the amount of memor y a program uses may allow you to open more programs at once (see the chapter on setting up your programs). Adjusting the disk cache The disk cache is memor y set aside to help programs work more quickly a[...]

Using hard disk space as memor y Y our computer can use space on a hard disk to increase the memor y available for opening programs. The disk space, called virtual memor y , is not available for storing files. Y our computer should contain enough built-in memor y for your regular needs —that is, for the programs you frequently have open simultane[...]

5. Choose Restart from the Special menu. After you restart, your computer ’s total memor y includes the virtual memor y you set aside on the hard disk. Choose About This Macintosh from the Apple ( K ) menu to see memor y use information. S Important: When you turn on virtual memor y, the system software creates a file named VM Storage in your Sys[...]

Setting the beep sound Many programs have the computer mak e a sound when your attention is required or when you’re attempting an action that the computer cannot perfor m at that time. Y ou can choose the type of beep sound that you want your computer to make. Y ou can also set the sound’s volume. 1. Choose Control P anels from the Apple ( K ) [...]

Installing a sound Y our computer comes with several beep sounds. Y ou can get additional sounds from various sources. m T o install a sound, you drag its icon to the System F older icon (not the System Folder window). The sound is automatically installed in the System file, where it belongs. Once you add a sound to the System file, it is listed in[...]

Recording sounds Y our computer can use an external microphone, which you can use to record a sound and add it to the Sound control panel. 1. Connect a microphone or another audio source to the sound input port (marked with the icon X ) on your computer . F or more information, see the chapter on expanding your computer system. 2. Choose Control P [...]

10. T ype a name for the sound, and click OK. The new sound appears in the Sound control panel. Its icon also appears in the System file. Changing the background pattern Y ou can change the background pattern that appears on your computer screen in the General Controls panel. 1. Choose Control P anels from the Apple ( K ) menu and open the General [...]

Y ou can choose from a variety of patterns provided, or you can create your own design by editing one of the patterns supplied. 3. T o see the patter ns available, click either of the small triangles above the sample patter n. 4. Click the sample patter n to see the new pattern on your desktop. 5. T o edit a patter n, click in the patter n editing [...]

6. When you ’ve finished creating your new patter n, click the sample patter n to display it on your desktop. 7. T o save the new patter n, double-click the sample pattern . If you don ’t save the patter n, you lose it when you click one of the small triangles to display another pattern. 8. Close the control panel. Magnifying the screen image T[...]

2. L ocate the Close V iew control panel. 3. Drag the Close V iew icon to the System F older icon (not the System F older window) on your startup disk. 4. Choose R estart from the Special menu. T o tur n Close View on or off, press x - Option- O . T o turn the magnification on or off , press x –Option–X. ( When Close V iew is on and the magnifi[...]

Y ou can set additional options in the Close V iew control panel. Choose Control Panels from the Apple ( K ) menu and open the Close V iew control panel. 172 Chapter 10: Adapting Your Computer to Your Own Use T urns Close V iew on T ur ns magnification on or off Keyboard shortcuts T ur ns shortcuts on or off Inverts screen image Ar rows change magn[...]

Printing In this chapter m Before you print m Printing your work m Controlling background printing m W orking with fonts Before you print Before you can print, your computer must be connected to a printer , either directly or over a network. See the infor mation that came with your printer for instructions on how to connect it, or check with your n[...]

If your printer is connected directly to your computer Make sure you’ve connected the printer according to the instructions that came with it. 1. Choose Chooser from the Apple ( K ) menu. 2. Click the icon of your printer to select it. v If your printer ’s icon does not appear in the Chooser: The printer software is not in your System Folder . [...]

1. Choose Chooser from the Apple ( K ) menu. 2. Click the Active button next to the word “ Apple T alk.” If Active wasn ’t already selected, a message appears. Click OK. 3. Click the icon of the printer you want to use. v If your printer ’s icon does not appear in the Chooser: The printer software is not in your System Folder . Close the Ch[...]

Selecting P age Setup options Y ou use the Page Setup dialog box when you’ve selected a new printer in the Chooser , or when you want to use a different paper size or printing options. m Choose Page Setup from the F ile menu and select the options you want. When a L aserW riter printer is selected, this or a similar Page Setup dialog box appears:[...]

Updating printer software on networked computers All computers that share printers on a network must have the same version of the printer software. The printer restarts itself each time a different version is used (which tak es time and clears any fonts from its temporar y memor y). S Important: All computers on a network must have the same printer[...]

If you want to update the printer software that is already installed on your disk, go to step 5. When you click Customize, the custom installation dialog box shows a list of printer software. 5. Click Install. 6. When you see a message reporting that installation was successful, click Restart. If a message reports that installation was not successf[...]

v Printing color or gray-scale documents: Y ou can print color or gray-scale documents on any color printer that can use the L aserW riter printer software. If you print a color document on a black-and-white printer , the document is produced as a halftone (that is, it is composed of patter ns of dots). v Some programs offer additional printing opt[...]

Solutions to common printing problems If nothing happens or if you see an error message when you tr y to print, tr y the following: m Make sure that the printer is turned on and warmed up. m Check the cable connections to the printer . m If your printer is an Image W riter , mak e sure that the Select light is on. (If not, press the Select button.)[...]

Controlling background printing If you are using a L aserW riter or Style W riter printer and the background printing option is turned on in the Chooser , you can continue to work while your documents are printing. Y ou don ’t need to do anything once background printing is tur ned on. But if you wish, you can control background printing with Pri[...]

W orking with fonts A font is a collection of letters, numbers, and symbols in a distinctive typographic design. Several fonts come with your computer ’s system software. They are stored in the F onts folder (inside the System F older on your startup disk). Y ou can install additional fonts and remove fonts. Additional fonts are supplied in the E[...]

Bitmap fonts (also called fixed-size fonts) appear only in certain sizes, because each character is a grid of black-and-white dots (called a bitmap), which is a rendering of the character ’s shape in a specific size. F or the best type quality when using bitmap fonts, your computer needs a separate bitmap font in each size you want to display or [...]

Removing fonts 1. Quit all open programs. 2. Open the System folder on your startup disk. 3. L ocate the F onts folder and open it. The F onts folder contains font files (for individual fonts) and font suitcases (for font families). If you want to remove an individual font within a family , open the appropriate suitcase to see the individual font f[...]

2. Choose Download F onts from the File menu. 3. If the font you want to download is not listed, click the Add button to add fonts to the list. Use the director y dialog box that appears to locate the fonts you want. 4. In the directory dialog box, locate your font, click its name, and then click Add. 5. When you ’ve added all the fonts you want [...]

Finding out about available fonts Many programs have a F ont menu that lists the fonts installed in your system, though some programs do not list them all. Y ou can open the F onts folder , inside the System Folder , to see all the fonts stored there. Y ou can also see available fonts with the Key Caps desk accessor y in the Apple ( K ) menu. The L[...]

Restarting a LaserW riter printer Restarting the printer clears its memor y , removing the fonts stored there. 1. Open the L aserW riter F ont Utility icon . 2. Choose Restart Printer from the Utilities menu. 3. Click Restart. T urning the printer ’s start page on or off The L aserW riter can print a start page each time it is turned on or restar[...]

T ransferring a P ostScript file to a LaserW riter Y ou can use the LaserW riter F ont Utility to send a file in P ostScript format to a L aserW riter printer . 1. Open the L aserW riter F ont Utility icon . 2. Choose Download P ostScript File from the Utilities menu. 3. Click the name of the file you want to download to the printer , and then clic[...]

Using Y our Computer on a Network In this chapter m What networking offers m Setting up your Macintosh on a network m Gaining access to files on shared disks m W orking with files and folders on other computers m Sharing your own files m Using access privileges m Linking programs What networking offers When your computer is connected to a network, [...]

Y ou can designate specific folders and hard disks on your computer as “shared files” that other people can gain access to . m Print documents on network printers. m Link your programs to programs on other computers. Y ou can link your programs in order to share features between those programs. m Update files over the network automatically . Y [...]

Connecting to a network Y our computer has built-in Apple T alk networking software. This software directly supports the L ocalT alk cables you need to connect your computer to the network. (If your computer has the appropriate port or expansion card, Apple T alk also supports Ethernet and T ok enRing cables.) 1. Choose Shut Down from the Special m[...]

3. Close the Chooser . When Apple T alk is active, Macintosh P owerBook computers go to sleep automatically only when they run out of batter y power , or when the power adapter is plugged in and the P owerBook is not connected to any shared disks on the network. Naming your computer and its owner Before you use the network, you should give your com[...]

Gaining access to files on shared disks Y ou can retrieve and store infor mation on other computers connected to your network. F or example, a colleague can place some files for you on a shared disk called a file server— a computer dedicated to storing shared files. Individually owned computers on your network might also have shared disks. Before[...]

v If the AppleShare icon does not appear: Mak e sure that Apple T alk is active in the Chooser . Make sure that the AppleShare file is in the Extensions folder in your System F older , and restart your computer . v 4. If you see a box labeled “ Apple T alk Zones”, click the zone the computer is in . Computers with shared disks are listed as fil[...]

10. Click OK. If your password is not accepted: Make sure that Caps Lock is not on. T ype your password again, taking care not to make typing errors. If it’s still not accepted, ask the computer ’s owner for help. 11. Click the name of a shared disk to select it. 12. Click OK. The icon of the shared disk appears on your desktop. 13. Close the C[...]

Connecting quickly to a shared disk By making an alias for a shared disk, you can connect to that disk by simply opening the alias. 1. Connect to a shared disk. See the section on connecting to a shared disk in this chapter . 2. Select the shared disk icon. 3. Choose Make Alias from the File menu. 4. Put the alias in a convenient location and renam[...]

3. If you ’re connecting as a register ed user , click the button that indicates whether you want to save your name only , or both your name and your password. F or more security , click “Save My Name Only.” When you start up your computer , you’ll need to enter your password to connect to the shared disk. 4. Click OK. 5. Close the Chooser [...]

If a message tells you that you cannot change your password, your network administrator has turned off this feature. 3. T ype your current passwor d. Then press T ab and type a new password. A bullet ( • ) appears for each letter you type. 4. Click OK. 5. Click OK in the dialog box that appears. 6. Retype your new passwor d and click OK. Y our ne[...]

Giving folder ownership to someone else Y ou can give away ownership of any folder you own. Once you do so, however , the new owner can restrict your access to that folder . Make sure you have copies of any files you may need before you give ownership of a folder to someone else. 1. Connect to a shared disk. 2. Click a folder that you own to select[...]

T urning file sharing on 1. Choose Control P anels from the Apple ( K ) menu and open the Sharing Setup icon . Make sure the boxes in the Network Identity section of the control panel are filled in. 2. In the section labeled File Sharing, click the Start button . 3. Close the Sharing Setup control panel. If you want to give ever yone on the network[...]

3. Click the box under File Sharing labeled “ Allow guests to connect” to place an X in it. 4. Close the window and click Save in the box that appears. Y ou can still restrict access to any folder or disk you share, as described in the section “ Using Access Privileges,” later in this chapter . Continue with the next section to select a fol[...]

5. Close the window and click Save in the dialog box. At this point, only you have access to the item you shared and the files inside it, unless you turned on guest access and some or all of the boxes next to “Ever yone” are checked. If you haven ’t tur ned on guest access, continue with the section “Naming a Registered User ” if you want[...]

Naming a registered user Y ou can register as many as 100 people and groups combined, but for best network perfor mance you should name no more than 50. 1. Choose Control P anels from the Apple ( K ) menu and open the Users & Groups icon . 2. Choose New User from the File menu. An icon labeled New User appears. Its name is selected for editing.[...]

Setting a registered user ’s password Y ou can assign passwords for registered users to verify their identities when they want to gain access to your computer . 1. Open a user icon in the Users & Groups control panel. 2. T ype a password in the User P assword box, then press T ab. The password can be up to eight characters long. When you pres[...]

3. Drag user icons to the new group icon . The icons are not moved inside the group icon, as they would be if it were a folder . Instead, member icons are created inside the group icon. Y ou don ’t need to drag your own icon to the group icon because you (as the owner) have access to the entire contents of your computer (unless you specify otherw[...]

Selecting a user or group to share a folder or disk Y ou can give one registered user or group exclusive access to a shared folder or disk on your computer . 1. Select a folder or disk to share. 2. Choose Sharing from the File menu. 3. Click the box labeled “Share this item and its contents” so an X appears. 4. Choose a user or group from the U[...]

Chapter 12: Using Your Computer on a Network 207 P reventing specific users or guests from accessing your computer T o prevent all network access to your computer , you can tur n file sharing and program linking off , as described elsewhere in this chapter . 1. Choose Control P anels from the Apple ( K ) menu and open the Users & Groups icon . [...]

4. If an X appears in the “ Allow to connect” checkbox, click to remove the X (to deny access). 5. Close the window and click Save in the dialog box. If you deny access to a user who is currently connected, he or she is disconnected immediately . That user is no longer a member of any group, and can connect only as a guest. If you deny access t[...]

Chapter 12: Using Your Computer on a Network 209 Giving away ownership of a folder or disk on your computer Y ou can give away ownership of a shared folder or disk on your computer to a registered user or group. Because you are the owner of your computer , the new owner of a folder or disk on your computer cannot restrict your access to it. However[...]

2. In the section labeled File Sharing, click the Stop button . A dialog box appears in which you can specify a delay before file sharing is turned off. If you specify a delay, users who are connected to your computer are warned to save their work and disconnect. 3. T ype the number of minutes you want to elapse before file sharing is tur ned off. [...]

Disconnecting someone who is connected to your computer Y ou can disconnect users who are cur rently connected to your computer in the File Sharing Monitor control panel. 1. Select the user or users you want to disconnect. 2. Click Disconnect. 3. T ype the number of minutes that you want to elapse before users ar e disconnected. If you specify a de[...]

3. Open the owner icon (the one with the bold outline). 4. Click the boxes labeled “ Allow user to connect” and “ Allow user to see entire disk” to place an X in them. When these boxes are checked, you can see and use ever ything on your disks while you’re using another computer . T o restrict your access, click a checkbox to remove the X[...]

2. T ype a new password in the box labeled Owner P assword and press T ab. Remember the capitalization. Y our password is replaced by bullets to keep it private. 3. Close the Sharing Setup control panel. Y our new password is now in effect. Using access privileges Access privileges let you control what other people can do with the information you s[...]

There are three types of access to shared items: m See F olders: allows people to see, open, and copy folders. m See Files: allows people to see, open, and copy files. m Make Changes: allows people to copy , delete, or change the contents of a folder or disk, or to add items to a folder or disk. The table indicates which privileges you need to see [...]

m If you’ve selected a folder you do not own, all the checkboxes and their labels are dimmed. 3. Choose a register ed user or group to share the item with. Choose from the list of users and groups in the pop-up menu, or type the name of a registered user or group in the box. 4. T o set access privileges, click the appropriate checkbox. m T o set [...]

m Keep a folder or disk private. T o keep a folder or disk on your own computer private, do not share it. T o keep your folder on another computer private, use these settings. m Allow access to one other person or group. This set of privileges allows the owner of the item and one registered user or group to use the item. m Keep a folder private but[...]

W orking with privileges that others have set When you are using the By Icon or By Small Icon view , the appearance of shared folders indicates the access you have. Icon Meaning A darkened tab indicates that you own the folder and can set its access privileges. A plain tab indicates that you can open and use the folder. A strap indicates that you c[...]

Linking programs Some programs can exchange information directly with other programs. F or example, one program might be able to instruct another program to add a row to a spreadsheet or change the font size of a paragraph. Programs implement linking in various ways and not all programs have this capability . See the documentation that came with yo[...]

5. Click OK. In most cases, you need to identify yourself as a guest or a registered user . 6. Click Guest or Register ed User . If you are a guest, click Guest and go to step 9. If the Guest option is dimmed, guests do not have access to this computer . 7. If you are a r egistered user , make sure that the name is correct. 8. T ype your password. [...]

T urning program linking on When you turn program linking on, your computer is visible to others on the network whenever they attempt to link a program. Before you turn program linking on, make sure that Apple T alk is active and that you have named your Macintosh in the Sharing Setup control panel. 1. Choose Control P anels from the Apple ( K ) me[...]

Allowing guests to link to your programs Y ou can let ever yone on the network link to your shared programs. 1. Choose Control P anels from the Apple ( K ) menu and open the Users & Groups icon . 2. Double-click the <Guest> icon . 3. Click the box labeled “ Allow guests to link to programs on this Macintosh” to place an X in it. 4. Cl[...]

Expanding Y our Computer System In this chapter m Using SC SI devices m Connecting a modem m Connecting a printer m Connecting a mouse or other ADB device m Using sound input and output devices m Adding memor y to your computer Using SC SI devices A SC SI device is any product—including hard disk drives, CD -ROM drives, scanners, and printers —[...]

T o connect a S C SI device to the SC SI port on your P owerBook, you need an Apple HDI-30 SC SI System Cable. Setting up one or more SC SI devices for use with your PowerBook involves the steps listed here. m installing sof tware m setting SC SI ID numbers m checking that the SC SI chain is properly terminated m connecting cables These steps are d[...]

The ID numbers of Apple SC SI devices can be set as follows. 1. Make sure the SCSI device is turned off. If the device is already part of a SC SI chain, make sure that all devices in the chain are turned off, including the computer . 2. L ocate the ID number indicator and switch (usually on the back panel of the SCSI device). 3. Check the ID number[...]

Checking that the SC SI chain is properly terminated T o ensure accurate transmission of infor mation, a chain of SC SI devices must have a terminator at each end. T erminators are built into some SC SI devices and can also be added exter nally . m Y our P owerBook’s internal hard disk, which is always the first device in the chain, has a small b[...]

Connecting cables s W ar ning: When making SC SI connections, always tur n off power to all devices in the chain. F ailure to do so can cause the loss of information and damage to your equipment. s 1. Shut down your P owerBook and all SCSI devices in the chain. 2. T o connect the first device, use an Apple HDI-30 SCSI System Cable. Attach the small[...]

Connecting a modem Apple offers an optional, low-power , inter nal fax/data modem for your computer . See the modem manual for infor mation about this modem and how to use it. Y ou can also connect an external modem to the modem port on the back panel of the computer . T o connect an exter nal modem, follow these steps. 1. Make sure the computer is[...]

Connecting a printer The printer port on your computer can accept either a direct cable connection (to a printer such as the Style W riter) o ra network cable connection (to a printer such as the L aserW riter II NTX ). The printer port is mark ed with this icon: [ . Some printers, including the P ersonal L aserW riter SC, are connected through the[...]

Using sound input and output devices Connecting a microphone Y our P owerBook has a sound input port to which you can connect an external microphone. (Sound recording is described in the chapter Adapting Y our Computer to Y our Own Use .) 1. Open the door covering the back panel of your computer . 2. Plug the microphone into the sound input port on[...]

Adding memor y to your computer Y our P owerBook computer comes with at least 4 MB of RAM. By adding memor y upgrade cards you can increase your computer ’s memor y . Y ou can find out how much memor y your computer has by choosing About This Macintosh from the Finder’s Apple menu. Apple provides memor y upgrades through its authorized dealers.[...]

T ravel, Storage, and Ser vice In this chapter m T raveling with the computer m Storing the computer m Getting service and support m Getting more information about Macintosh computers T raveling with the P owerBook The safety instructions in the first part of this book also apply when you are traveling. In addition, note these precautions: m Do not[...]

m Some airlines may restrict or prohibit the use of computers in flight. Check ahead to find out what restrictions, if any , apply. m T ak e the necessar y plug adapters if you’re traveling overseas. ( Y ou may need to use them with the power adapter .) Y ou do not need a voltage transformer . The power adapter can handle 90 volts to 260 volts AC[...]

Long-term storage (more than 2 weeks) 1. Save your work on a hard disk or floppy disks. 2. Choose Shut Down from the Special menu. 3. Close the display . 4. Recharge the battery . Plug in the power adapter or use the rechar ger . 5. If you recharged the battery in a recharger , put the battery back into the computer . 6. Store the computer in a coo[...]

How to get help T o obtain ser vice in the United States, you can contact either your nearest authorized Apple dealer or Apple Computer directly . If you are in North America, call 800-538-9696 to request the name of an authorized dealer near you. If you are anywhere else, check the local telephone director y . T o contact Apple directly, call 800-[...]

F or more information about Macintosh computers Macintosh user groups Whatever your level of computer experience, you may be interested in joining a Macintosh user group. Group activities may include new product demonstrations, question-and-answer sessions, and classes on using programs or writing your own programs. Ask your authorized Apple dealer[...]

APDA APDA ® is Apple’s worldwide source for over 300 development tools, technical resources, training products, and information for anyone interested in developing applications on Apple platforms. Customers receive the quarterly APD A T ools Catalog featuring all current versions of Apple and the most popular third-party development tools. Order[...]

Summar y and Shortcuts Double-click m Double-click an object on screen by pointing to the object and clicking twice in rapid succession , without moving the trackball or mouse. Double-clicking is a common shortcut for opening an icon or the selected item in a director y dialog box. Shift-click m Hold down the Shif t key while clicking. Shift-clicki[...]

Opening an icon Y ou open an icon by selecting it and choosing Open from the File menu or using the keyboard shortcut x - O or x –Down Ar row . Or you can double-click the icon. Moving, copying, and renaming an icon To do this Take these steps Move an icon Drag the icon to where you want it. Copy an icon onto Drag the icon to the icon of the othe[...]

Scrolling through the contents of a window m Click the up, down , lef t, or right scroll arrow . m Click the vertical or horizontal scroll bar (when it’s gray). m Drag the vertical or horizontal scroll box along its scroll bar . Opening higher -level folder windows Y ou can open a higher -level folder window (whose contents include the active win[...]

Using the outline form in list views Any list view you choose from the View menu (that is, any view except the icon and small icon views) shows the contents of the active window in outline form. Y ou can see the contents of a folder without opening the folder in its own window . Click the triangle next to a folder name to display or hide the folder[...]

P op-up menus of ten appear in dialog boxes that you use to set options or preferences. Y ou can recognize a pop-up menu by a small solid triangle, pointing down, next to its name. The name shows the current option or preference. Choosing an item from a menu T o choose a command from a menu, point to the menu name, press to “pull down” or “po[...]

2. Drag to the menu item so that the submenu appears. 3. Drag sideways to the submenu, drag to the submenu item you want to choose so that it’s highlighted, and then release the trackball or mouse button. K eyboard shortcuts in the Finder and in director y dialog boxes Key Action Up, Down, Left, Selects the next item in the direction of the or Ri[...]

T roubleshooting This section describes possible causes and solutions for some common problems you may have with your Macintosh P owerBook or associated equipment provided by Apple. This section is not comprehensive. Check the appropriate reference section for additional help on specific topics. Also check the documentation that came with your othe[...]

The computer just stopped. m The computer may have gone to sleep. Press any k ey on the keyboard (except Caps Lock) to wak e it again. m The batter y may have drained so far that the computer has put itself to sleep to protect the contents of RAM. Plug in the power adapter , wait 15 minutes, and then tur n the computer on again. m The computer may [...]

The computer exhibits odd behavior , such as many unexplained system failures. m A common cause of unexplained problems is multiple System F olders on your computer ’s startup disk. The System F older that the P owerBook is using to operate is marked with an icon. Use the Find command in the F inder ’s File menu to locate any other System F old[...]

The battery can ’t be rechar ged. m There may be a loose connection. Make sure all plugs are securely attached. m The batter y may be damaged or dead. Obtain a replacement batter y from your authorized Apple dealer . m The outlet may have no power . m If the adapter or rechar ger is plugged into a power strip, the strip may not be turned on. m Th[...]

The screen The screen looks blurred or out of focus. m The viewing angle may not be optimal. Tilt the display on its hinge until the screen looks better . The screen is too dark. m When you first turn on your computer , it may tak e several minutes for the screen brightness to “warm up,” especially if you’ve chosen a high setting. m The scree[...]

A window has disappeared. m Another open window on the desktop may have covered the window you’re looking for . Move, resize, close, or hide windows you aren ’t using until you see the one you want. m Windows belonging to open but inactive programs may be hidden. Choose Show All from the Application menu to show hidden windows. An icon is blink[...]

The computer doesn ’t recognize your SCSI devices. m The devices may be off. Check to mak e sure that they are plugged in and turned on. m If the device is a disk drive, it may need to be initialized before you can use it. See the instructions that came with the device. m The software (driver) needed to communicate with the device may not be inst[...]

The har d disk keeps stopping and starting again. m The hard disk may be going to sleep to conserve power . Open the P owerBook control panel and move the Batter y Conservation slider toward Maximum Performance. The har d disk is full. m Y ou can reclaim space on your hard disk by removing unneeded files; turning off virtual memor y; or purchasing [...]

A message says that a disk is not initialized—but you know that it is. m The disk may not be seated properly in the disk drive. Eject it and tr y inserting it again. m The disk may be damaged. If you insert another disk in the drive and the message does not appear , you can assume that the original disk needs repair . See Chapter 8 for infor mati[...]

Modems The external modem doesn ’t work. m The modem may be turned off or improperly connected. Make sure that it is turned on and that all connections are cor rect. m The modem port may not be activated. Open the P owerBook control panel and make sure that External Modem is selected. The internal modem doesn ’t work. m The modem port may not b[...]

The network printer keeps restarting. m Someone on the network may be using a different version of the printer software. Ever yone connected to a network should use the same printer software version. Consult the network administrator for more information. Nothing happens, or you see an error message, when you try to print. m The printer may not be [...]

Networks Y ou can ’t find or can ’t open icons needed to set up file sharing. m One or more icons may be in the wrong place. Mak e sure that the Sharing Setup icon is in the Control Panels folder , and that the File Sharing Extension file, the Network Extension file, and the AppleShare file are in the Extensions folder . (Both folders are insid[...]

Y ou can ’t open a shared disk or folder . m Y ou may not have the access privileges needed to use the disk or folder . Ask the network administrator or the owner of the shared item to grant you access. m Y ou may have entered your name or password incorrectly when you tried to open the shared disk or folder . Check with the owner of the item to [...]

A program doesn ’t work, or malfunctions consistently . m Y ou may have more than one copy of the program on your hard disk. Remove extra copies by dragging them to the T rash. m The program may be damaged. Recopy it from a known good source (such as the original program disk). m Y our version of the program may be incompatible with your system s[...]

Keyboard and Character Sets 259 Appendix A 1 ! 2 @ 3 # 4 $ 5 % 6 7 & 8 * 9 ( 0 ) + = delete ~ ' YU I O P QW E R T tab lock caps shift ctrl option esc shift return enter SD F G HJKL A Z XCVB N M <> , . ? / ; ' : " [ { ] } Tab key: Moves the insertion point to the next stopping place (such as a tab stop or data field). Caps[...]

Using Caps Lock The Caps Lock key on P owerBook computers does not stay depressed even when it’s locked. Y ou can tell whether Caps Lock is on or off by looking at the menu bar . An ar row appears to the left of the Help menu icon when Caps L ock is on. T o tur n Caps Lock on or off, press the Caps Lock key . T yping special characters and symbol[...]

T o type a character with a diacritical mark (such as an acute accent or an umlaut), you press the Option k ey along with a specific letter key , and then type the character . Diacritical mark Key combination Grave accent ( ` ) Option–`, then type the character Acute accent ( ´ ) Option–e, then type the character Circumflex (^) Option–i, the[...]

Exchanging Disks and F iles With MS-DOS Computers Apple File Exchange is a file format conversion program supplied on your hard disk. The program and translator files are stored in the Apple File Exchange F older . Y ou can use the program to initialize a disk in MS-DOS (or Apple II ProDOS) format and convert files to and from MS-DOS (or ProDOS). A[...]

3. Click MS-DOS. 4. If necessary, click the capacity (in K) of the disk you inserted. If you want to initialize a high-density ( Ó ) disk in MS-DOS format, 1440K is the only option and it is already selected. If you inserted a double-sided disk, click 720K. Apple File Exchange cannot initialize a high-density disk in 720K format, nor can it read a[...]

Converting files to and from MS- DOS format Apple File Exchange provides two methods of file conversion— text and binar y . T ext translation is for text files, and binar y translation is for other file types. Apple File Exchange can also use translator files designed to convert files into formats that specific programs can use. One such translat[...]

5. Pull down the translation menu you want. 6. Make sure that the translators for the types of files you selected have checkmarks; if not, choose them so checkmarks appear next to them. An active translator has a checkmark. The default translator has a diamond (indicating that it’s always active). Choosing an active translator makes it inactive. [...]

Other file-conversion options Apple File Exchange’s F ile menu provides several other options to assist you with file conversions. T o see explanations of the translators Apple File Exchange uses, choose About Apple File Exchange from the Apple menu. Select a translator from the list, and then click the About button for more information. (Click D[...]

Map The Map control panel lets you set your computer ’s location and find out the distance and the time difference between your location and cities around the world. If you travel with your computer and use Map to reset your location accordingly , the time (in the Date & Time control panel) is automatically reset to the local time. Certain pr[...]

2. T ype the city nearest your curr ent location and then click the Find button (or press the R etur n key). If you aren ’t sure how the city is spelled, type the first few letters and press the Return key . If the city isn ’t found, you can add it to the list of cities stored in Map (instructions are given elsewhere in this appendix). 3. Click[...]

The distance to and the time at the other location are shown at the bottom of the window . The distance is based on the shortest possible route (called the great circle). T o find out the time difference between your location and the other location, click the words “Time Zone.” Click again to see the other location ’s time zone. Finding a loc[...]

Adding or removing a location Adding a location 1. If the map does not show the location you want to add, scroll by dragging beyond the map in the direction of the location. 2. Click the location . A blinking star appears at the location, and its coordinates and approximate time zone are displayed. 3. T ype the name of the new location . 4. If you [...]

[...]

A About This Macintosh command 161, 164, 231 accent marks, typing 260–261 access privileges. See also file sharing; guests; network; passwords checking 217 icons and 217 restricting 201, 207–208 set by others 217 setting 214–215 strategies for using 215–216 tur ning off 209–210 types of 213–214 active programs 58–62 identifying 95 act[...]

Application menu hiding and showing windows 96 making open program active 59–60 programs listed in 96 switching programs 96 application programs. See also programs installing 92 locating 139 making active 59–60 overview 61 PowerBook 145B Back up program 6, 8, 10–12, 119–122 PowerBook 145B Restore program 8, 119, 123–125 switching 96 troub[...]

C cables network 191 safety instructions 26 for SC SI connections 224, 226–227 cache, disk 162, 250 capitalization. See case sensitivity Caps Lock key 259, 260 passwords and 195 waking computer and 13, 14, 19, 110 care instructions computer 26–28 floppy disks 79 hard disks 127 carpal tunnel syndrome 30 carriage retur ns 57 case, computer 27 cas[...]

32-bit addressing 164 time 148–149, 269 trackball speed 154 troubleshooting and 247 Users & Groups control panel 200–201, 203–205, 207–208, 211–212, 221 Views control panel 142, 158 virtual memor y 163–164 Copy command 98 copying. See also backing up disks 78–79, 82–83, 119, 125 documents 69–70, 253 files without a floppy disk[...]

documents. See also files aliases for 134–135 automatic updating of 190 changing name of 70–71 changing text in 62–65, 66–68 closing 60, 69 converting to and from MS-DOS format 265–267 converting to and from stationer y 140–141 copying 69–70, 253 creating 57 deleting 71–72, 253 labels for 142 making document window active 59, 69 nam[...]

F fax/data modem 228 file exchange 263–267 File menu Close Window command 50, 79 Download F onts command 185 Download PostScript F ile command 188 Duplicate command 70 Find Again command 136 Find command 136–139 Get Info command 97, 118, 141 Initialize Printer ’s Disk command 186 Make Alias command 134, 196 New F older command 132 New Group c[...]

Finder changing appearance of windows in 158 checking memor y use in 161, 231 keyboard shortcuts in 244 making active 58–60 overview 61 printing and 178 fixed-size (bitmap) fonts 183 floppy disk drive illustration 7 inserting disks into 24, 74 removing disk from 80, 126 restarting with 18 starting up with 117 troubleshooting 125, 126, 252, 253 fl[...]

G General Controls control panel 157, 168–170 General Controls panel adjusting blinking rate 157 changing background pattern 168–170 setting time and date 149 Get Info command 97, 118, 141 graphics tablets 154 gray-scale documents, printing 179 groups, network. See registered group guests. See also file sharing; network; passwords access privil[...]

copying 240 of currently active program 60 dimmed 96 double-clicking 62 dragging 39 ejecting disks with 126 highlighting 37 labels for 142 moving 135, 240 opening 41, 63, 240 or ganizing 131, 132 overview 50–52 pointing to 36 pressing 38 question mark 91, 117 Quick Reference 239–240 renaming 240 selecting 37, 239 of shared folders you own 197 s[...]

L labeling floppy disks 12 L abel menu 139, 142, 148 labels, file 142 L abels control panel 148 L aserW riter . See also fonts; printers background printing with 181 choosing 174 connecting 229 downloading fonts to 184–185 fonts available for 186 Page Setup options for 176 printing on 178–179 restarting 187 selecting in Chooser 174 transferring[...]

modems connecting internal and exter nal 228 power consumption of 109, 247 selecting internal/exter nal 228 transferring files with 143 troubleshooting 254 viruses and 95 modifier keys overview 53, 66. See also keyboard shortcuts Sticky Keys feature for 156 typing special characters with 260–261 monitors, external 104 mouse. See also trackball ad[...]

network administrator 190, 193, 197, 198 Network icon 192 network printers. See also printers choosing 174–175 troubleshooting 254, 255 updating software for 177–178 network software, removing from System F older 147 network zones 175, 193, 194, 254, 256 new folder , creating 132, 197 New Group command 204 New User command 203 nickel-cadmium (N[...]

hard disk sleep adjustment 110, 111, 248, 252 modem options 228 processor cycling 112 processor speed 111 system sleep adjustment 110, 111, 248, 252 power button 7, 15 RAM disk and 18 restarting computer with 18 “Shut Down” warning 13 tur ning computer on with 4, 15, 19 power management. See also batter y Apple Desktop Bus devices and 229 batte[...]

programs. See also application programs; system software adding to Apple menu 135, 146 aliases for 134 application versus system 61 for backing up hard disks 8, 12, 119 copying from floppy disk 78–79, 82–83 copyright laws and 202 disk repair 18, 125, 128–129 Info window and 97 installing 78–79, 82–83 installing without a floppy disk drive[...]

registered user access privileges of 213–215, 216 changing password of 197–198 connecting to a shared disk as 197 creating a folder as 197 denying access to 207–208 disconnecting 211 folder ownership and 197, 209 naming 203–204 passwords for 204 program linking and 221–222 removing 208 sharing your files with 206 typing name and password [...]

SC SI cables 224, 226, 227 SC SI chains 128, 226–227 SC SI devices connecting 227, 229 ID numbers for 114, 128, 224–225 installing software for 224 overview 223–224 ter minators for 128, 226, 227 troubleshooting 250–251 SC SI icon 223, 227 SC SI ID numbers 114, 128, 224–225 SC SI port 7, 223, 227 SC SI ter minators 128, 226, 227 searches [...]

Sleep command 14, 99 Slow Keys feature 156 Small Computer System Interface. See SC SI entries software. See application programs; programs; system software software development support 238 software drivers 224, 251 software licensing agreements 92, 202 Sound control panel 165–167 sound input port 7, 167, 230 sound output devices 230 sound output [...]

system failures 247System F older . See also folders backing up 8, 10–12, 120–122 Extensions folder 192, 194, 247 Find command and 136 F onts folder 182, 186 installing files in 146–147 installing fonts in 182, 183 installing sounds in 166 listing fonts in 186 on program disks 83 on startup disk 83, 91, 164 removing extra System F olders 83, [...]

T rash deleting files with 71–72 ejecting a disk with 126 emptying 72, 100 location of 16 purpose of 52 retrieving items from 72 tur ning off war ning for 160 travel tips 233–234. See also Map control panel troubleshooting aliases 134–135 Apple menu 135 application programs 92, 257–258 batter y 247–248 blinking icons 91, 250 Chooser 174, [...]

V variable-size fonts 182 vertical scroll bar 47–48 viewing contents of folders 242 contents of windows 42–44 hidden contents of windows 46–48 hidden windows 96 list views 142, 158, 242 members of registered group 205 menus 38 View menu 142, 242 Views control panel 142, 158 virtual memor y . See also memor y creating 163–164, 231 insufficie[...]

The Apple Publishing System This Apple manual was written and edited on a desktop publishing system using Apple Macintosh computers and QuarkXPress. Proof pages were created on Apple LaserW riter printers and on the QMS Colorscript 100 color printer . Final pages were produced in QuarkXPress and output directly to separated film on P ostScript driv[...]