Go to page of
Similar user manuals
-
Computer Hardware
Asus EPU
148 pages 5.14 mb -
Computer Hardware
Asus TX97-XE
72 pages 1.34 mb -
Computer Hardware
Asus P4SDR-VM
104 pages 5.8 mb -
Computer Hardware
Asus P9D-E/4L
159 pages 6.64 mb -
Computer Hardware
Asus Pentium TX97-X
80 pages 2.45 mb -
Computer Hardware
Asus EM64T
2 pages 0.09 mb -
Computer Hardware
Asus TX97-X
64 pages 0.83 mb -
Computer Hardware
Asus P8H77-V
150 pages 6.78 mb
A good user manual
The rules should oblige the seller to give the purchaser an operating instrucion of Asus P2L97A, along with an item. The lack of an instruction or false information given to customer shall constitute grounds to apply for a complaint because of nonconformity of goods with the contract. In accordance with the law, a customer can receive an instruction in non-paper form; lately graphic and electronic forms of the manuals, as well as instructional videos have been majorly used. A necessary precondition for this is the unmistakable, legible character of an instruction.
What is an instruction?
The term originates from the Latin word „instructio”, which means organizing. Therefore, in an instruction of Asus P2L97A one could find a process description. An instruction's purpose is to teach, to ease the start-up and an item's use or performance of certain activities. An instruction is a compilation of information about an item/a service, it is a clue.
Unfortunately, only a few customers devote their time to read an instruction of Asus P2L97A. A good user manual introduces us to a number of additional functionalities of the purchased item, and also helps us to avoid the formation of most of the defects.
What should a perfect user manual contain?
First and foremost, an user manual of Asus P2L97A should contain:
- informations concerning technical data of Asus P2L97A
- name of the manufacturer and a year of construction of the Asus P2L97A item
- rules of operation, control and maintenance of the Asus P2L97A item
- safety signs and mark certificates which confirm compatibility with appropriate standards
Why don't we read the manuals?
Usually it results from the lack of time and certainty about functionalities of purchased items. Unfortunately, networking and start-up of Asus P2L97A alone are not enough. An instruction contains a number of clues concerning respective functionalities, safety rules, maintenance methods (what means should be used), eventual defects of Asus P2L97A, and methods of problem resolution. Eventually, when one still can't find the answer to his problems, he will be directed to the Asus service. Lately animated manuals and instructional videos are quite popular among customers. These kinds of user manuals are effective; they assure that a customer will familiarize himself with the whole material, and won't skip complicated, technical information of Asus P2L97A.
Why one should read the manuals?
It is mostly in the manuals where we will find the details concerning construction and possibility of the Asus P2L97A item, and its use of respective accessory, as well as information concerning all the functions and facilities.
After a successful purchase of an item one should find a moment and get to know with every part of an instruction. Currently the manuals are carefully prearranged and translated, so they could be fully understood by its users. The manuals will serve as an informational aid.
Table of contents for the manual
-
Page 1
R P2L97A Pentium ® II Motherboard USER’S MANUAL[...]
-
Page 2
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 2 USER’S NOTICE Product Name: ASUS P2L97A Manual Revision: 1.03 Release Date: November 1997 No part of this manual, including the products and software described in it, may be repro- duced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language in any form or by any means, except docu[...]
-
Page 3
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 3 ASUS CONT ACT INFORMA TION ASUST eK COMPUTER INC. Marketing Info Address: 150 Li-T e Road, Peitou, T aipei, T aiwan 1 12, ROC T elephone: +886-2-894-3447 Fax: +886-2-894-3449 Email: info@asus.com.tw T echnical Support Fax: +886-2-895-9254 BBS: +886-2-896-4667 Email: tsd@asus.com.tw WWW : www .asus.com.tw Gopher: goph[...]
-
Page 4
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 4 CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION 7 How this Manual is Or ganized ........................................................... 7 Item Checklist ..................................................................................... 7 II. FEA TURES 8 Features of the ASUS P2L97A Motherboard ..................................... 8 [...]
-
Page 5
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 5 CONTENTS BIOS Features Setup ................................................................... 37 Details of BIOS Features Setup ............................................. 37 Chipset Features Setup ................................................................ 40 Details of Chipset Features Setup .............[...]
-
Page 6
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 6 FCC & DOC COMPLIANCE Federal Communications Commission Statement This device complies with FCC Rules Part 15. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: • This device may not cause harmful interference, and • This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause u[...]
-
Page 7
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 7 I. INTRODUCTION I. INTRODUCTION Manual / Checklist How this Manual is Organized This manual is divided into the following sections: I. Introduction Manual information and checklist II. Features Information and specifications concerning this product III. Installation Instructions on setting up the motherboard IV . BIO[...]
-
Page 8
8 ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual Features of the ASUS P2L97A Motherboard The ASUS P2L97A is carefully designed for the discriminating PC user who wants many features processed by the fastest CPU. This motherboard: • Pr ocessor Support: Intel Pentium ® II (233MHz–333MHz) processor . • Intel Chipset: Features Intel’ s 440LX AGPset with I/O su[...]
-
Page 9
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 9 II. FEA TURES II. FEA TURES Motherboard Parts The ASUS P2L97A Motherboard USB Port 1 (T op) USB Port 2 (Bottom) VGA (Bottom) Multi-I/O and Keyboard BIOS 4 PCI Slots 4MB SGRAM VGA memory 2 ISA Slots PS/2 Mouse (T op) PS/2 Keyboard (Bottom) Parallel (T op) DIMM Sockets Intel 440LX AGPset Floppy Disk Drive Connector SEC[...]
-
Page 10
10 ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual III. INST ALLA TION Layout of the ASUS P2L97A Motherboard Floppy Disk Drives Secondary IDE Primary IDE Infrared (IrDA) Intel PIIX4 PCIset PCI Slot 1 PCI Slot 2 PCI Slot 3 PCI Slot 4 ISA Slot 1 ISA Slot 2 CMOS Power (CR2032 3V Lithium Cell) Single Edge Contact Slot Intel 440LX AGPset A TX Power Connector AMC Port DIM[...]
-
Page 11
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 11 III. INST ALLA TION Jumpers 1) CLR TC p. 13 Real T ime Clock (R TC) (Short/Clear CMOS) 2) VIRQ p. 13 VGA Interrupt Selection 3) FS0, FS1, FS2 p. 14 CPU Bus Frequency 4) BF0, BF1, BF2, BF3 p. 14 CPU Core:Bus Frequency Multiple Expansion Slots/Sockets 1) DIMM Sockets p. 15 DIMM Memory Module Support 2) SEC CPU Slot p [...]
-
Page 12
12 ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual III. INST ALLA TION Jumpers III. INST ALLA TION Installation Steps Before using your computer , you must complete the following steps: 1. Set Jumpers 2. Install DRAM Modules 3. Install the Central Pr ocessing Unit (CPU) 4. Install Expansion Cards 5. Connect Ribbon Cables, Cabinet Wir es, and Power Supply 6. Setup th[...]
-
Page 13
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 13 III. INST ALLA TION III. INST ALLA TION Jumpers Jumper Settings 1. Real T ime Clock (R TC) RAM (CLR TC) The CMOS RAM is powered by the onboard button cell battery . T o clear the R TC data: (1) T urn of f your computer and unplug your AC power , (2) Short the two points (Labeled: CLR TC), (3) T urn on your computer [...]
-
Page 14
14 ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual III. INST ALLA TION Jumpers III. INST ALLA TION CPU Bus Frequency CPU Core:Bus Frequency Ratio 5.0x(5/1) 4.5x(9/2) 4.0x(4/1) 3.5x(7/2) 2.0x(2/1) BF2 BF3 BF1 BF0 1 2 3 BF2 BF3 BF1 BF0 1 2 3 BF2 BF3 BF1 BF0 1 2 3 BF2 BF3 BF1 BF0 1 2 3 BF2 BF3 BF1 BF0 1 2 3 83MHz FS0 FS1 FS2 1 2 3 75MHz FS0 FS1 FS2 1 2 3 66MHz FS0 FS1 [...]
-
Page 15
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 15 2. System Memory (DIMM) Only Dual Inline Memory Modules (DIMM’ s) can be used with this motherboard. Four sockets are available for 3.3V olt (power level) Unbuf fered Synchronous DRAMs (SDRAM) or EDO DRAM of either 8, 16, 32, 64, or 128MB to form a memory size between 8MB to 512MB. One side (with memory chips) of [...]
-
Page 16
16 ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual III. INST ALLA TION System Memory III. INST ALLA TION DIMM Memory Installation Procedures: Insert the module(s) as shown. Because the number of pins are different on either side of the breaks, the module will only fit in the orientation as shown. DRAM SIMM modules have the same pin contact on both sides. SDRAM DIMM [...]
-
Page 17
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 17 III. INST ALLA TION 3. Central Processing Unit (CPU) The following items should have been included with your motherboard: Pentium II Retention Mechanism Lock Holes Captive Nut Attach Mount Bridges (Factory Installed) Heatsink Support Base/T op Bar (for Passive Heatsink) T op Bar Base Posts Pin The following items mu[...]
-
Page 18
18 ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual III. INST ALLA TION The Motherboard As Shipped The ASUS P2L97A is shipped with the attach mount bridges already installed. Lock holes Captive nut Captive nut Installing the Pentium II Pr ocessor 1. Mount the Pentium II Retention Mechanism: The retention mechanism is designed to fit into the SEC slot only one way . B[...]
-
Page 19
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 19 CPU III. INST ALLA TION 2. Mount the Heatsink: Place the SEC cartridge face down on a flat surface and lay the heatsink flush on the back (metal side) of the SEC cartridge. Be sure that the heatsink is firmly pressed against the SEC cartridge. When correctly installed, no light must be showing through between the th[...]
-
Page 20
20 ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual III. INST ALLA TION 4. Secur e the SEC Cartridge: Secure the SEC cartridge in place by pushing the SEC cartridge locks outward so that the lock shows through the retention mechanism’ s lock holes. CPU III. INST ALLA TION[...]
-
Page 21
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 21 III. INST ALLA TION Expansion Cards III. INST ALLA TION 4. Expansion Cards First read your expansion card documentation for hardware and software settings that may be required to set up your specific card. Expansion Card Installation Procedure 1. Read the documentation for your expansion card. 2. Set any necessary j[...]
-
Page 22
22 ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual III. INST ALLA TION DMA Channels III. INST ALLA TION T o simplify this process, this motherboard complies with the Plug and Play (PnP) specification, which was developed to allow automatic system configuration when- ever a PnP-compliant card is added to the system. For PnP cards, IRQs are assigned automatically from[...]
-
Page 23
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 23 III. INST ALLA TION Connectors III. INST ALLA TION 5. External Connectors IMPOR T ANT : Ribbon cables should always be connected with the red stripe on the Pin 1 side of the connector . The four corners of the connectors are labeled on the motherboard. Pin 1 is the side closest to the power connector on hard drives [...]
-
Page 24
24 ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual III. INST ALLA TION Connectors III. INST ALLA TION 3. Parallel Printer Connector (25-pin Female) Y ou can enable the parallel port and choose the IRQ through “Onboard Parallel Port” in Chipset Features Setup of the BIOS SOFTW ARE. NOTE : Serial print- ers must be connected to the serial port. Parallel (Printer) [...]
-
Page 25
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 25 III. INST ALLA TION Connectors III. INST ALLA TION 6. Universal Serial BUS Ports 1 & 2 (T wo 4-pin Female Sockets) T wo USB ports are available for connecting USB devices. Univeral Serial Bus (USB) 2 USB 1 7. Floppy Disk Drive Connector (34-1pin FLOPPY) This connector supports the provided floppy drive ribbon ca[...]
-
Page 26
26 ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual Connectors III. INST ALLA TION III. INST ALLA TION 9. Primary / Secondary IDE Connectors (T wo 40-1pin IDE) These connectors support the provided IDE hard disk ribbon cable. After connecting the single end to the board, connect the two plugs at the other end to your hard disk(s). If you install two hard disks, you m[...]
-
Page 27
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 27 III. INST ALLA TION Connectors III. INST ALLA TION 12. IrDA-Compliant Infrared Module Connector (5-pin IR) This connector supports the optional wireless transmitting and receiving infra- red module. This module mounts to a small opening on system cases that sup- port this feature. Infrared Module Connector NC IRTX I[...]
-
Page 28
28 ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual Connectors III. INST ALLA TION III. INST ALLA TION 14. Message LED Lead (MSG LED) This indicates whether a message has been received from a fax/modem. The LED will remain lit when there is no signal and blink when there is data transfer or waiting in the inbox). 15. SMI Suspend Switch Lead (SMI) This allows the user[...]
-
Page 29
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 29 III. INST ALLA TION Power Connections III. INST ALLA TION Power Connection Procedures 1. After all jumpers and connections are made, close the system case cover . 2. Be sure that all switches are off (in some systems, marked with ). 3. Connect the power supply cord into the power supply located on the back of your s[...]
-
Page 30
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 30 IV . BIOS Flash Memory Writer IV . BIOS SOFTW ARE Support Software NOTE: This motherboard has onboard SCSI and therefore requires a 2Mbit flash ROM. This flash ROM requires PFLASH2.EXE as opposed to PFLASH.EXE as used by other ASUS motherboards with 1Mbit flash ROM. PFLASH2.EXE - This is the Flash Memory W riter uti[...]
-
Page 31
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 31 IV . BIOS Flash Memory Writer IV . BIOS SOFTW ARE 3. Advanced Features This option displays the Advanced Features screen for clearing the PnP configura- tion record and updating the motherboard BIOS. Advanced Features Menu 1. Clear PNP ESCD Parameter Block This option erases the Plug-and-Play (PnP) configuration rec[...]
-
Page 32
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 32 IV . BIOS Updating BIOS IV . BIOS SOFTW ARE Managing and Updating Y our Motherboard’s BIOS Upon First Use of the Computer System 1. Create a bootable system floppy diskette by typing [FORMA T A:/S] from the DOS prompt without creating “AUT OEXEC.BA T” and “CONFIG.SYS” files. 2. Copy PFLASH2.EXE to your new[...]
-
Page 33
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 33 IV . BIOS SOFTW ARE 6. BIOS Setup IV . BIOS BIOS Setup The motherboard supports two programmable Flash ROM chips: 5-V olt and 12- V olt. Either of these memory chips can be updated when BIOS upgrades are re- leased. Use the Flash Memory W riter utility to download the new BIOS file into the ROM chip as described in [...]
-
Page 34
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 34 IV . BIOS SOFTW ARE IV . BIOS Standard CMOS Load Defaults The “Load BIOS Defaults” option loads the minimum settings for troubleshooting. “ Load Setup Defaults ”, on the other hand, is for loading optimized defaults for regular use. Choosing defaults at this level, will modify all applicable settings. A sect[...]
-
Page 35
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 35 IV . BIOS SOFTW ARE IV . BIOS Standard CMOS T ime T o set the time, highlight the “T ime” field and then press either <Page Up>/<Page Down> or <+>/<–> to set the current time. Follow the hour , minute and second format. V alid values for hour , minute and second are: (Hour: (00 to 23), [...]
-
Page 36
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 36 IV . BIOS SOFTW ARE IV . BIOS Standard CMOS Auto detection of hard disks on bootup For each field: Primary Master , Primary Slave, Secondary Master , and Secondary Slave, you can select Auto under the TYPE and MODE fields. This will enable auto detection of your IDE hard disk during bootup. This will allow you to ch[...]
-
Page 37
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 37 IV . BIOS SOFTW ARE IV . BIOS BIOS Features BIOS Features Setup This “BIOS Features Setup” option consists of configuration entries that allow you to improve your system performance, or let you set up some system features accord- ing to your preference. Some entries are required by the motherboard’ s design to[...]
-
Page 38
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 38 IV . BIOS SOFTW ARE IV . BIOS BIOS Features BIOS Update (Enabled) This functions as an update loader integrated into the BIOS to supply the processor with the required data. The BIOS will load the update on all processors during system bootup in the default position of Enabled . CPU Fast String (Enabled) Leave on de[...]
-
Page 39
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 39 IV . BIOS SOFTW ARE IV . BIOS BIOS Features PS/2 Mouse Function Contr ol (Auto) The default of Auto allows the system to detect a PS/2 mouse on bootup. If detected, IRQ12 will be used for the PS/2 mouse. IRQ12 will be reserved for expansion cards if a PS/2 mouse is not detected. Enabled will always reserve IRQ12, wh[...]
-
Page 40
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 40 IV . BIOS SOFTW ARE IV . BIOS Chipset Features Chipset Features Setup This “Chipset Features Setup” option controls the configuration of the board’ s chipset. Control keys for this screen are the same as in the previous screen. NOTE: SETUP Defaults are noted in parenthesis next to each function heading. Detail[...]
-
Page 41
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 41 IV . BIOS SOFTW ARE IV . BIOS Chipset Features V ideo Memory Cache Mode (UC) USWC (uncacheable, speculative write combining) is a new cache technology for the video memory of the processor . It can greatly improve the display speed by caching the display data. Y ou must leave this on the default setting of UC (uncac[...]
-
Page 42
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 42 IV . BIOS SOFTW ARE Onboard FDC Swap A & B (No Swap) This field allows you to reverse the hardware drive letter assignments of your floppy disk drives. T wo options are available: No Swap and Swap AB . If you want to switch drive letter assignments through the onboard chipset, set this field to Swap AB . Onboard[...]
-
Page 43
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 43 IV . BIOS SOFTW ARE IV . BIOS Power Management Power Management Setup This “Power Management Setup” option allows you to reduce power consumption. This feature turns of f the video display and shuts down the hard disk after a period of inactivity . NOTE: SETUP Defaults are noted in parenthesis next to each funct[...]
-
Page 44
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 44 IV . BIOS SOFTW ARE IV . BIOS Power Management V ideo Off Method (DPMS OFF) This field defines the video of f features. The following options are available: DPMS OFF , DPMS Reduce ON , Blank Scr een , V/H SYNC+Blank, DPMS Standby , and DPMS Suspend . The DPMS (Display Power Management System) features allow the BIOS[...]
-
Page 45
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 45 IV . BIOS SOFTW ARE IV . BIOS Power Management PWR Up On Modem Act (Enabled) This allows either settings of Enabled or Disabled for powering up the computer (turns the A TX power supply on) when the modem receives a call while the computer is of f. NOTE: The computer cannot receive or transmit data until the compute[...]
-
Page 46
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 46 IV . BIOS SOFTW ARE Plug & Play / PCI IV . BIOS PNP and PCI Setup This “PNP and PCI Setup” option configures the PCI bus slots. All PCI bus slots on the system use INT A#, thus all installed PCI cards must be set to this value. NOTE: SETUP Defaults are noted in parenthesis next to each function heading. Deta[...]
-
Page 47
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 47 IV . BIOS SOFTW ARE IV . BIOS Plug & Play / PCI DMA x Used By ISA (No/ICU) These fields indicate whether or not the displayed DMA channel for each field is being used by a legacy (non-PnP) ISA card. A vailable options include: No/ICU and Ye s . The first option, the default setting, indicates either that the dis[...]
-
Page 48
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 48 IV . BIOS SOFTW ARE Load Defaults IV . BIOS Load BIOS Defaults This “Load BIOS Defaults” option allows you to load the troubleshooting default values permanently stored in the BIOS ROM. These default settings are non-opti- mal and disable all high performance features. T o load these default settings, high- ligh[...]
-
Page 49
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 49 IV . BIOS SOFTW ARE Supervisor Password and User Password These two options set the system passwords. “Supervisor Password” sets a pass- word that will be used to protect the system and the Setup utility; “User Password” sets a password that will be used exclusively on the system. By default, the system come[...]
-
Page 50
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 50 IV . BIOS SOFTW ARE IV . BIOS Hard Disk Detect IDE HDD Auto Detection This “IDE HDD Auto Detection” option detects the parameters of an IDE hard disk drive, and automatically enters them into the Standard CMOS Setup screen. Up to four IDE drives can be detected, with parameters for each listed inside the box. T [...]
-
Page 51
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 51 IMPOR T ANT : If your hard disk was already formatted on an older previous system, incorrect parameters may be detected. Y ou will need to enter the correct parameters manually or use low-level format if you do not need the data stored on the hard disk. If the parameters listed dif fer from the ones used when the di[...]
-
Page 52
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 52 V . DESKT OP MANAGEMENT Desktop Management Interface (DMI) V . DMI DMI Introduction Introducing the ASUS DMI Configuration Utility This motherboard supports DMI within the BIOS level and provides a DMI Con- figuration Utility to maintain the Management Information Format Database (MIFD). DMI is able to auto-detect a[...]
-
Page 53
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 53 Using the ASUS DMI Configuration Utility Edit DMI (or delete) Use the ←→ (left-right) cursors to move the top menu items and the ↑↓ (up-down) cursor to move between the left hand menu items. The bottom of the screen will show the available keys for each screen. Press enter at the menu item to enter the right[...]
-
Page 54
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 54 V . DESKT OP MANAGEMENT Save MIFD Y ou can save the MIFD (normally only saved to flash ROM) to a file by entering the drive and path here. If you want to cancel save, you may press ESC and a message “Bad File Name” appears here to show it was not saved. Load MIFD Y ou can load the disk file to memory by entering[...]
-
Page 55
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 55 Aside from the system BIOS, the Flash memory chip on the motherboard also con- tains the Symbios SCSI BIOS. This Symbios SCSI BIOS works in conjunction with the optional ASUS PCI-SC200 controller card to provide Fast SCSI-2 interface when using compatible SCSI devices or the ASUS PCI-SC860 SCSI controller cards to p[...]
-
Page 56
56 ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual Setting Up the ASUS PCI-SC200 & PCI-SC860 There are two jumper settings you may need to make on the ASUS PCI-SC200 to set it up. One setting assigns the PCI INT interrupt, the other sets the card’ s termination. The ASUS PCI-SC860 has no jumper settings but you should read the “T erminator Requirements.” S[...]
-
Page 57
ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual 57 T erminator Settings for the ASUS PCI-SC860 Many SCSI devices including the ASUS PCI-SC860 use a set of onboard active resistors to terminate the devices at the ends automatically . Automatic termination requires that the SCSI devices be connected in a straight linear connection or “chain.” Connect SCSI devices [...]
-
Page 58
58 ASUS P2L97A User ’ s Manual SCSI Device 1 SCSI Device 2 T ermination Required (End Device) T ermination Required (JP5 Open) T ermination Required (End Device) SCSI Device 3 SCSI Device 4 SCSI Device 2 SCSI Device 1 T ermination Required (End Device) No T ermination Required (JP5 Short) SCSI ID Numbers for SCSI Devices All SCSI devices, includi[...]