English dropdown-ico

Avocent Cyclades-PR1000 manual

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124

Go to page of

Similar user manuals

A good user manual

The rules should oblige the seller to give the purchaser an operating instrucion of Avocent Cyclades-PR1000, along with an item. The lack of an instruction or false information given to customer shall constitute grounds to apply for a complaint because of nonconformity of goods with the contract. In accordance with the law, a customer can receive an instruction in non-paper form; lately graphic and electronic forms of the manuals, as well as instructional videos have been majorly used. A necessary precondition for this is the unmistakable, legible character of an instruction.

What is an instruction?

The term originates from the Latin word „instructio”, which means organizing. Therefore, in an instruction of Avocent Cyclades-PR1000 one could find a process description. An instruction's purpose is to teach, to ease the start-up and an item's use or performance of certain activities. An instruction is a compilation of information about an item/a service, it is a clue.

Unfortunately, only a few customers devote their time to read an instruction of Avocent Cyclades-PR1000. A good user manual introduces us to a number of additional functionalities of the purchased item, and also helps us to avoid the formation of most of the defects.

What should a perfect user manual contain?

First and foremost, an user manual of Avocent Cyclades-PR1000 should contain:
- informations concerning technical data of Avocent Cyclades-PR1000
- name of the manufacturer and a year of construction of the Avocent Cyclades-PR1000 item
- rules of operation, control and maintenance of the Avocent Cyclades-PR1000 item
- safety signs and mark certificates which confirm compatibility with appropriate standards

Why don't we read the manuals?

Usually it results from the lack of time and certainty about functionalities of purchased items. Unfortunately, networking and start-up of Avocent Cyclades-PR1000 alone are not enough. An instruction contains a number of clues concerning respective functionalities, safety rules, maintenance methods (what means should be used), eventual defects of Avocent Cyclades-PR1000, and methods of problem resolution. Eventually, when one still can't find the answer to his problems, he will be directed to the Avocent service. Lately animated manuals and instructional videos are quite popular among customers. These kinds of user manuals are effective; they assure that a customer will familiarize himself with the whole material, and won't skip complicated, technical information of Avocent Cyclades-PR1000.

Why one should read the manuals?

It is mostly in the manuals where we will find the details concerning construction and possibility of the Avocent Cyclades-PR1000 item, and its use of respective accessory, as well as information concerning all the functions and facilities.

After a successful purchase of an item one should find a moment and get to know with every part of an instruction. Currently the manuals are carefully prearranged and translated, so they could be fully understood by its users. The manuals will serve as an informational aid.

Table of contents for the manual

  • Page 1

    Cyclades-PR1000 Installation Manual Access Router Cyclades Corporation[...]

  • Page 2

    Cyclades-PR1000 Installation Manual V ersion 1.2 – May 2002 Copyright (C) Cyclades Corporation, 1998 - 2002 W e believe the information in this manual is accurate and reliable. However , we assume no responsibility , financial or otherwise, for any consequences of the use of this product or Installation Manual. This manual is published by Cyclade[...]

  • Page 3

    Cyclades-PR1000 T able of Contents T able of Contents CHAPTER 1 HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL .............................................................................................. ........ 7 Installation Assumptions ....................................................................................................... ........................... [...]

  • Page 4

    Cyclades-PR1000 T able of Contents Other Parameters ............................................................................................................... ............................ 44 CHAPTER 6 THE SW AN INTERF ACE .................................................................................................. .......... 45 CHAPTER 7 [...]

  • Page 5

    Cyclades-PR1000 T able of Contents OSPF Global Configurations ..................................................................................................... ................. 72 CHAPTER 10 CYROS, THE OPERA TING SYSTEM ....................................................................................... 7 7 Creation of the host table ......[...]

  • Page 6

    Cyclades-PR1000 T able of Contents CHAPTER 14 VIRTUAL PRIV A TE NETWORK CONFIGURA TION ............................................................... 104 APPENDIX A TROUBLESHOOTING .................................................................................................... ......... 109 What to Do if the Login Screen Does Not Appear When U[...]

  • Page 7

    Cyclades-PR1000 7 Chapter 1 - How T o Use This Manual CHAPTER 1 HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL Three Cyclades manuals are related to the PR1000. 1 The Quick Installation Manual -- provided with the router , 2 The Installation Manual -- available electronically on the Cyclades web site, 3 The CyROS Reference Guide -- also available electronically on the Cyc[...]

  • Page 8

    Cyclades-PR1000 8 Chapter 1 - How T o Use This Manual Chapter 12 - Filters and Rules - demonstrates how to protect your router from undesired traffic. Chapter 13 - IPX - presents the hidden menus available only in routers with IPX activated. Chapter 14 - Virtual Private Network - describes CyROS’ VPN implementation. Appendix A - T roubleshooting [...]

  • Page 9

    Cyclades-PR1000 9 Chapter 1 - How T o Use This Manual Icons Icons are used to draw attention to important text. Icon Meanin g Why What is Wrong? When an error is common, tex t w ith this icon w ill mention the sy mptoms and how to re solve the problem. Where Can I Find More Inform ation? CyROS con tains many fea tures, and som etimes related ma ter[...]

  • Page 10

    Cyclades-PR1000 10 Chapter 1 - How to Use This Manual Cyclades T echnical Support and Contact Information All Cyclades products include limited free technical support, software upgrades and manual updates. These updates and the latest product information are available at: http://www .cyclades.com ftp://ftp.cyclades.com/pub/cyclades Befor e c ont ac[...]

  • Page 11

    Cyclades-PR1000 11 Chapter 1 - How to Use This Manual The mailing address and general phone numbers for Cyclades Corporation are: Cyclades Corporation Phone: + 01 (510) 770-9727 Fax: + 01 (510) 770-0355 41829 Albrae Street Fremont, CA 94538 USA[...]

  • Page 12

    Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 2 - What is in the Box 12 CHAPTER 2 WHA T IS IN THE BOX The Cyclades-PR1000 comes in two varieties, described below . Both models are accompanied by the following accessories: • Quick Installation Manual • Documentation CD containing the complete Installation Manual and the CyROS Reference Guide • Console Cable and Pow[...]

  • Page 13

    Chapter 2 - What is in the Box 13 Cyclades-PR1000 The V .35/RS-232 Model DB-25 Male DB-25 Male Back Panel of PR1000 or Straight- Through Cable Straight- Through Cable DB-25 Male RS-232 Modem with DB-25 Interface Console Cable Labeled “Conf” or “Console” T o COM Port of Computer Power Source T o W all Outlet V .35 DSU/CSU with M.34 Interface[...]

  • Page 14

    Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 2 - What is in the Box 14 The X.21 Model DB-15 Male Back Panel of PR1000 DB-25 Male X.21 DSU/CSU with DB-15 Interface Console Cable Labeled “Conf” or “Console” T o COM Port of Computer Power Source T o W all Outlet X.21 Modem Cable 1 0 WAN O n/O ff Ethernet C onsole FIGURE 2.2 X.21 MODEL Figure 2.2 shows which cable [...]

  • Page 15

    Chapter 2 - What is in the Box 15 Cyclades-PR1000 Horizontal Surfaces The V elcro® strips should be used to attach the PR1000 more firmly to a horizontal surface. Remove the backing from the prickly V elcros® and attach them to the router as shown in the figure. Remove the backing from the fuzzy V elcros® and place them on the horizontal surface[...]

  • Page 16

    Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 2 - What is in the Box 16 Next, place the PR1000 on the horizontal surface, aligning the fuzzy and prickly V elcros® as shown in Figure 2.4. Cyclades-PR1000 Horizontal Surface Where the PR1000 Will be Secured FIGURE 2.4 HOW TO ATT ACH THE PR1000 TO A HORIZONT AL SURF ACE V ertical Surfaces There are two slots in the base of[...]

  • Page 17

    Chapter 2 - What is in the Box 17 Cyclades-PR1000 184,8 mm or 7.27 in Screw Slot Cyclades-PR1000 V ertical Surface Where the PR1000 Will be Secured T wo 5mm Ø Screws with Nylon Fixings FIGURE 2.5 POSITIONING OF SCREWS[...]

  • Page 18

    Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 2 - What is in the Box 18 Place the center of the screw slots over the screws and slide the router down so the screws hold the router in place as shown in Figure 2.6. Cyclades-PR1000 V ertical Surface Where the PR1000 Will be Secured 12 FIGURE 2.6 HOW TO ATT ACH THE PR1000 TO A VER TICAL SURF ACE Note that the PR1000 can be [...]

  • Page 19

    Chapter 3 - Using CyROS Menus 19 Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 3 Using CyROS Menus This chapter explains CyROS menu navigation and special keys. There are three ways to interact with CyROS: • T raditional menu interface using a console or T elnet session, • CyROS Management Utility based on interactive HTML pages, • SNMP (explained in the CyROS Ref[...]

  • Page 20

    Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 3 - Using CyROS Menus 20 Once the console connection is correctly established, a Cyclades banner and login prompt should appear on the terminal screen. Pressing <ESC> during the boot process will temporarily halt initialization and present several options: IP address of the router , IP address of the boot server , boot[...]

  • Page 21

    Chapter 3 - Using CyROS Menus 21 Cyclades-PR1000 Special Keys <Ent er> or <Ctrl+M> T hese k e ys ar e u sed to en d t he i np ut of a valu e. <ESC> or <Ctrl+I> T hese k e ys ar e u sed to can cel a sel ecti on or ret ur n t o th e pre vi ous men u. In some isol ate d c ases , thi s k e y forwa rds you to th e n e xt menu in [...]

  • Page 22

    Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 3 - Using CyROS Menus 22 The CyROS Management Utility After one of the interfaces has been connected and configured, there is another way to interact with CyROS. T ype the IP address in the location field in an HTML browser of a PC connected locally or remotely through the configured interface. A super-user ID and password w[...]

  • Page 23

    Chapter 3 - Using CyROS Menus 23 Cyclades-PR1000 The link Configuration Menu Interface will present an HTML version of the CyROS Main Menu, described previously . Clicking on an interface will show its current status and some additional information. Clicking on End HTTP Session will terminate the connection.[...]

  • Page 24

    Cyclades-PR1000 24 Chapter 4 - Step-by-Step Instructions CHAPTER 4 STEP-BY-STEP INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMMON APPLICA TIONS This chapter provides detailed examples that can be used as models for similar applications. T urn to the example that is closest to your application, read the explanations, and fill in the blank spaces with parameters appropriate t[...]

  • Page 25

    Cyclades-PR1000 25 Chapter 4 - Step-by-Step Instructions Please read the entire example and follow the instruct ions bef ore turning the router on. The router is programmed to lo g the sup er user off a fter 10 minut es of inactivity. All data not explicit ly saved to memory is then lost. Collecting the data while configuring the router will likely[...]

  • Page 26

    Cyclades-PR1000 26 Chapter 4 - Step-by-Step Instructions Parame ter Example You r Appl ication IP fragmentat ion - Ignore Bit DF Yes NAT Local ICMP Port Inactive Incoming Rule List None, filters are not included in this example. Outgoing Rule List Name None, filters are not included in this example. Prox y AR P Inact i ve IP Bridge Inactive FIGURE [...]

  • Page 27

    Cyclades-PR1000 27 Chapter 4 - Step-by-Step Instructions STEP THREE The network protocol parameters, shown in Figure 4.4, are similar to those for the Ethernet interface. Fill in the parameters for your network in the right-most column. Menu CONFI G=>INTERFACE=>SW AN=>NETWORK PROTOCOL=>IP Parameter Example Your Application Active or Ina[...]

  • Page 28

    Cyclades-PR1000 28 Chapter 4 - Step-by-Step Instructions STEP FOUR The Encapsulation parameters for PPP are less straight-forward. Many of them are based on decisions that cannot be shown in a diagram. Fortunately , the choices made here will mostly af fect the performance of the link, rather than whether it works or not. Fill in the parameters app[...]

  • Page 29

    Cyclades-PR1000 29 Chapter 4 - Step-by-Step Instructions STEP FIVE Since a modem is used in the example, the dial-out table must be configured. This is done as shown in Figure 4.6. Menu CONFIG=>SYSTEM=>MODEMS=>D IAL OUT TABLE=>ADD Parame ter Example Your A pplicati on IP Address Type in any va lid IP address not on the local network. In[...]

  • Page 30

    Cyclades-PR1000 30 Chapter 4 - Step-by-Step Instructions STEP SIX T wo static routes must be added to tell the router that all traf fic not intended for the local LAN should be sent to the Access Provider . Chapter 9 of the Installation Manual explains static routes and other routing methods available in CyROS. Fill in the spaces in Figures 4.7 and[...]

  • Page 31

    Cyclades-PR1000 31 Chapter 4 - Step-by-Step Instructions Menu CONFIG=>STATIC ROUTES=>IP=>ADD ROUT E Parame ter Example Your A pplicati on Destination IP Address Type in t he word "DEFA ULT". Gateway or I nterface Gateway Gateway IP address Use the same value as for Destination IP Address in the previous table. Metric 1 Is This a [...]

  • Page 32

    Cyclades-PR1000 32 Chapter 4 - Step-by-Step Instructions Menu CONFIG =>SECURITY =>NAT =>LOCAL ADDRESS =>ADD RANGE Parameter Example Your Application First IP Address 192.168.0.10 Last IP Address 192.168.0.30 FIGURE 4.10 NA T LOCAL ADDRESS RANGE MENU PARAMETERS The factory preset values for all other NA T parameters are appropriate for t[...]

  • Page 33

    Cyclades-PR1000 33 Chapter 4 - Step-by-Step Instructions Example 2 A LAN-to-LAN Example Using Frame Relay This section will guide you through a complete router installation for the connection of two LANs via Frame Relay . Figure 4.1 1 shows the example system used in this section. Spaces have been provided next to the parameters needed for the conf[...]

  • Page 34

    Cyclades-PR1000 34 Chapter 4 - Step-by-Step Instructions STEP ONE The first step is to determine the parameters needed to configure the Ethernet interface (ETH0). The parameters in the Network Protocol Menu (IP) are shown in Figure 4.12. Fill in the blanks for your application in the right-most column. These parameters will be entered into the rout[...]

  • Page 35

    Cyclades-PR1000 35 Chapter 4 - Step-by-Step Instructions STEP TWO No more parameters are necessary for the Ethernet interface. The other interface to be configured is the SW AN in slot 1. The SW AN physical media parameters are shown in Figure 4.13. Fill in the values for your application. The SW AN configuration is described in more detail in chap[...]

  • Page 36

    Cyclades-PR1000 36 Chapter 4 - Step-by-Step Instructions STEP THREE The network protocol parameters, shown in Figure 4.14, are similar to those for the Ethernet interface. Fill in the parameters for your network in the right-most column. Menu CONFI G=>INTERFACE=>SW AN=>NETWORK PROTOCOL=>I P Parameter Example Your Application Active or I[...]

  • Page 37

    Cyclades-PR1000 37 Chapter 4 - Step-by-Step Instructions STEP FOUR The Encapsulation parameters for Frame Relay are less straight-forward. Many of them are based on decisions that cannot be shown in a diagram. Fortunately , the choices made here will mostly affect the performance of the link, rather than whether it works or not. Fill in the paramet[...]

  • Page 38

    Cyclades-PR1000 38 Chapter 4 - Step-by-Step Instructions At the end of the parameter list shown above, the DLCI menu appears. Choosing Add DLCI will lead to the parameters shown in Figure 4.16. The <ESC> key used at any time during the Frame Relay encapsulation parameter list will also bring up the DLCI menu. A DLCI entry must be created for [...]

  • Page 39

    Cyclades-PR1000 39 Chapter 4 - Step-by-Step Instructions STEP FIVE Now that the central office’ s LAN has been defined, a route must be added to tell the router that the remote site’ s LAN is at the other end of the line. Creating a static route is the simplest way to do this. Chapter 9 of the Installation Manual explains static routes and othe[...]

  • Page 40

    Cyclades-PR1000 40 Chapter 4 - Step-by-Step Instructions STEP SEVEN The Ethernet interface can be tested as described in the troubleshooting appendix. The SW AN interface can be tested in a similar manner . At this point, you should create a backup of the configuration file (in binary) and print out a listing of the configuration. Instructions for [...]

  • Page 41

    Chapter 5 - Configuration of the Ethernet Interface 41 Cyclades-PR1000 CHAPTER 5 CONFIGURA TION OF THE ETHERNET INTERF ACE The PR1000 has one Ethernet 10/100Base-T interface, provided in a standard RJ-45 modular jack, which should be connected to an Ethernet hub or switch. Use a standard 10/100Base-T straight-through cable (not included). When the [...]

  • Page 42

    Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 5 - Configuration of the Ethernet Interface 42 Network Protocol Menu (Continued) Parameter D escription Secondary IP Address Applies to Numbered interfaces. Indicates a second (or third, etc. up to eight) IP address that can be used to refer to this interface. This parameter and t he next are repeated until no value is enter[...]

  • Page 43

    Chapter 5 - Configuration of the Ethernet Interface 43 Cyclades-PR1000 IP Bridge An IP Bridge is used to divide a network without subnetting. Whenever a subnetwork is created, two IP numbers are lost — one describing the network and the other reserved for broadcast. This does not occur with an IP Bridge. PR1000 PR3000 ETH0 ETH0 200.240.240.1 200.[...]

  • Page 44

    Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 5 - Configuration of the Ethernet Interface 44 In Figure 5.1, an example of the use of an IP Bridge is given. From the available IP addresses, the range 200.240.240.4 to 200.240.240.8 is bridged to another physical location. The following parameters apply only for IP Bridge. Network Protocol Menu (Continued) -- (IP Bridge) P[...]

  • Page 45

    Chapter 6 - Configuration of the SW AN Interface 45 Cyclades-PR1000 CHAPTER 6 THE SW AN INTERF ACE This chapter describes how to configure a SW AN interface. The physical link should be set up as shown in chapter 2, according to the type of modem or device at the other end of the connection and the type of SW AN port. STEP ONE The first step in the[...]

  • Page 46

    Chapter 6 - Configuration of the SW AN Interface 46 Cyclades-PR1000 STEP TWO The second step is to choose a data-link protocol in the Encapsulation menu. There are many encapsulation options on this interface. For synchronous communication: • Frame Relay: the Frame Relay Protocol is based on frame switching and constructs a permanent virtual circ[...]

  • Page 47

    Chapter 6 - Configuration of the SW AN Interface 47 Cyclades-PR1000 STEP FOUR If PPP Encapsulation is being used, a type of authentication should be chosen. This is done in the authentication menu. Authentication Menu CONFIG=>INTERF ACE=>SW AN=>AUTHENTICA TION Par amet er Descr i pt io n Authentic atio n T yp e Local us es t he lis t of us[...]

  • Page 48

    Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 7 Network Protocols 48 CHAPTER 7 NETWORK PROTOCOLS The second step in most interface configurations is to choose which network protocol to use and assign values to the relevant parameters. At least one of IP , T ransparent Bridge, or IPX (optional, and discussed in chapter 13) must be activated. Use the information provided [...]

  • Page 49

    Chapter 7 Network Protocols 49 Cyclades-PR1000 The IP Protocol If the preset values provided by the operating system are accepted, the interface will work at a basic level. The most common options are explained in the following table. Network Protocol (IP) Menu CONFIG=>INTERF ACE=><LINK>=>NETWORK PROTOCOL=>IP Parameter Descript io[...]

  • Page 50

    Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 7 Network Protocols 50 Network Protocol (IP) Menu (Continued) Parameter Descript ion IP MTU Assigns the si ze of the Max imum Tr ansmission Unit for the in terface . Thi s determines w hether or no t a given IP datagram i s fragmented. IP Fragmenta tion - Ignore Bit DF When this parame ter is set to No , th e DF (Do Not Frag[...]

  • Page 51

    Chapter 7 Network Protocols 51 Cyclades-PR1000 The T ransparent Bridge Protocol The T ransparent Bridge Protocol can be used in conjunction with either IP or IPX. A detailed explanation of its use appears in section 4.6 of the CyROS Reference Guide. T ransparent Bridge Menu CONFIG=>INTERF ACE=>SW AN=>NETWORK PROT OCOL=>TRANSP ARENT BRID[...]

  • Page 52

    Chapter 8 - Data-Link Protocols (Encapsulation) Cyclades-PR1000 52 CHAPTER 8 DA T A-LINK PROT OCOLS (ENCAPSULA TION) Each encapsulation option is presented in a separate section in this chapter . Not all data-link protocols are available for all interfaces. PPP (The Point-to-Point Protocol) PPP is the only encapsulation option than can be either sy[...]

  • Page 53

    Chapter 8 - Data-Link Protocols (Encapsulation) Cyclades-PR1000 53 PPP Menu (Continued) Parameter Descript ion Disable LCP Echo Requests LCP (Link Con trol Protocol) message s are normally exchanged to monitor the status of the lin k. Disabling these messages redu ce s traffic, but the link the n has no w ay of knowing if th e other end is still co[...]

  • Page 54

    Chapter 8 - Data-Link Protocols (Encapsulation) Cyclades-PR1000 54 HDLC This data-link protocol is a proprietary alternative to PPP . It has only one parameter , the HDLC Keepalive Interval . This is the time interval between transmission of Keepalive messages. The receiver of these messages must send keepalive messages with the same frequency or w[...]

  • Page 55

    Chapter 8 - Data-Link Protocols (Encapsulation) Cyclades-PR1000 55 Parameter Descript ion Enc a psu lat io n Type RFC1490 - IETF is the standard used by most equipment. The Cisco option shou ld be used when the PR is communica ting with a rou ter co nfigured to use the default Cisco standard. SNAP IP Indicate s that the Sub-Network Ac cess Protocol[...]

  • Page 56

    Chapter 8 - Data-Link Protocols (Encapsulation) Cyclades-PR1000 56 STEP TWO After configuring the general parameters, each DLC must be defined. An example will be used to demonstrate the procedure. A public Frame Relay network connecting of fices in São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador , and Recife is shown in Figure 1 1.1. Each router will have a [...]

  • Page 57

    Chapter 8 - Data-Link Protocols (Encapsulation) Cyclades-PR1000 57 Data link connections are defined in the Add DLCI menu, which appears at the end of the Frame Relay parameter list. It can be reached by passing through all parameters or by using the <ESC> key at any point in the parameter list. Rio de Janeiro Network: 192.168.201.0 Recife Ne[...]

  • Page 58

    Chapter 8 - Data-Link Protocols (Encapsulation) Cyclades-PR1000 58 Add DLCI Menu CONFIG=>INTERF ACE =><LINK> =>ENCAPS =>FRAME RELA Y => <ESC> =>ADD DLCI Parameter Descript ion DLCI Number Used to identify the DLC. This num ber is sup plied by the Public Frame Relay network provider. The DLCIs are stored in a table whic[...]

  • Page 59

    Chapter 8 - Data-Link Protocols (Encapsulation) Cyclades-PR1000 59 T o edit the DLCI table, use the list command (CONFIG=>INTERF ACE=><LINK>=>ENCAPSULA TION =>FRAME RELA Y=>L) to discover the number CyROS has assigned to each table entry . It will not be the same as the DLCI. DTE DTE Router Router Modem Modem Modem X.25 Modem S[...]

  • Page 60

    Chapter 8 - Data-Link Protocols (Encapsulation) Cyclades-PR1000 60 X.25 A Cyclades Router can act either as a DTE (Data-terminal Equipment) connected to a public X.25 network or as a DTE or DCE (Data circuit-terminating Equipment) as part of a private X.25 network. The first case is discussed in this chapter . The second case is described in the Cy[...]

  • Page 61

    Chapter 8 - Data-Link Protocols (Encapsulation) Cyclades-PR1000 61 X.25 Menu (Continued) Parameter Descript ion Number of Virtual Circu its Indicates the max imum num ber o f virtual cir cuits (to tal of PVCs an d SVC s) allowed on th is interface . The maximum is 128 . Number of Permanent Virtual Circuits Indicates the number of pe rmanent virtual[...]

  • Page 62

    Chapter 8 - Data-Link Protocols (Encapsulation) Cyclades-PR1000 62 STEP TWO The next step is to create a static routing table associating each remote X.121 address with an IP address or a TCP Socket location. This is done in the Add DTE menu, which appears at the end of the X.25 parameter list. It can be reached by passing through all X.25 paramete[...]

  • Page 63

    Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 9 - Routing Protocols 63 CHAPTER 9 ROUTING PROTOCOLS Routing Strategies Routing can be done either statically or dynamically . Static Routing Static routing is recommended when the network contains a small number of routers and other equipment. When a system is simple and without redundant links, static routing is the simple[...]

  • Page 64

    Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 9 - Routing Protocols 64 10.0.0.0 Mask: 255.0.0.0 Router 1 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.2 10.0.0.3 192.168.100.2 192.168.100.3 192.168.100.1 142.10.0.2 142.10.0.1 142.10.0.3 142.10.0.4 Router 2 142.10.0.0 Mask: 255.255.0.0 192.168.100.0 Mask: 255.255.255.0 A B E C D F Network 2 Network 3 Network 1 FIGURE 9.1 ST A TIC ROUTING EXAMPLE 1 In[...]

  • Page 65

    Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 9 - Routing Protocols 65 Unnumbered Interfaces Point-to-Point Connection Slot 1 ETH0 ETH0 Slot 3 Router 1 10.0.0.3 192.168.100.1 Router 2 A B E F Network 3 Network 1 FIGURE 9.2 ST A TIC ROUTING EXAMPLE 2 Figure 9.2 shows another static routing example to explain the Gateway or Interface parameter . Between the two routers is[...]

  • Page 66

    Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 9 - Routing Protocols 66 Add Static Route Menu CONFIG =>ST A TIC ROUTES =>IP =>ADD ROUTE Par amet er Descr i pt io n Destination IP Addr ess Address that route will lead to. T o configur e a d efault route, t ype "defa ult" for this param ete r, oth er wis e e nt er 0.0. 0. 0 in bot h t his a nd th e n e x[...]

  • Page 67

    Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 9 - Routing Protocols 67 RIP Configuration CyROS supports three basic types of RIP: 1 RIP1 [RFC 1058] 2 RIP2 with broadcast (compatible with RIP1) [RFC 1723] 3 RIP2 with multicast [RFC 1723] The primary difference between RIP1 and RIP2 is that only RIP2 advertises subnet masks and next hops. If the network contains equipment[...]

  • Page 68

    Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 9 - Routing Protocols 68 OSPF The OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) routing protocol is significantly more complicated than RIP . The determination of which protocol is better suited to a given network is beyond the scope of this manual. An example network using OSPF is given in Figure 9.3. Router 0 Router 1 Router 2 Router 3 [...]

  • Page 69

    Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 9 - Routing Protocols 69 First, some definitions: • An Autonomous System (AS) is a portion of the network that will use a single routing strategy . It is made up of a backbone area and optionally of non-backbone areas. • OSPF Areas are sub-systems that have identical routing databases. An area generally has no knowledge [...]

  • Page 70

    Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 9 - Routing Protocols 70 OSPF Configuration on the Interface STEP TWO Contrary to most other protocols in CyROS, OSPF must first be configured on each interface, then configured in the CONFIG =>IP =>OSPF menu. Enter into each interface and set the parameters listed in the table. OSPF Menu CONFIG =>INTERF ACE => &[...]

  • Page 71

    Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 9 - Routing Protocols 71 OSPF Menu (Continued) Par amet er Descr i pt io n Retransm i t Inte rval in Sec ond s* Time in sec ond s b et ween link -sta te adve rtis ement r etr ansm issio ns f or adj ace ncie s belo ngi ng t o t his i n ter fac e. Hello Interval in Seconds* T im e in sec ond s b et ween th e h ello pack ets on[...]

  • Page 72

    Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 9 - Routing Protocols 72 OSPF Global Configurations STEP THREE After completing the OSPF interface configuration for all interfaces (even those that will not use OSPF), navigate to the OSPF Menu, CONFIG=>IP=>OSPF . Enter into the OSPF Global Commands menu and set the parameters as indicated in the table below . OSPF Gl[...]

  • Page 73

    Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 9 - Routing Protocols 73 OSPF Global Commands (Continued) Par amet er Descr i pt io n Transit A re a ID ID of the OSP F A re a s an d wiched bet we en t hi s r out er an d t he back bone. In th e fi gur e, area 2 is t he area u se d to l ink Rou ter 8 wi th t he B ack bo ne. T his ID ha s t he f orm o f a n IP addre ss. Neig[...]

  • Page 74

    Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 9 - Routing Protocols 74 STEP FOUR The next step is to define the areas created in step two. This is done in the OSPF Area Menu. Area Menu CONFIG =>IP =>OSPF =>AREA Par amet er Descr i pt io n Area ID Has the f orm at of an IP add ress , b ut is n o t link ed to an y IP a ddr ess i n t he s ystem. U se the C ON F IG[...]

  • Page 75

    Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 9 - Routing Protocols 75 STEP FIVE The CONFIG =>IP =>OSPF =>NEIGHBORS menu is required if the router uses OSPF over non-broadcast multi- access interfaces such as X.25 and Frame Relay . If this is the case, set the parameters described in the following table. Neighbors Menu CONFIG=>IP =>OSPF =>NEIGHBORS Par[...]

  • Page 76

    Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 9 - Routing Protocols 76 STEP SIX It is not always possible to connect all areas directly to the backbone. When an area is connected to the backbone only through another area, two virtual links must be created. One from the backbone to the unattached area and one from the unattached area to the backbone. If this occurs in th[...]

  • Page 77

    Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 10 - CyROS, the Operating System 77 CHAPTER 10 CYROS, THE OPERA TING SYSTEM This chapter explains various operating system features that are not covered in other chapters: • creation of the host table • creation of user accounts and passwords • IP Accounting Creation of the host table CyROS allows identification of hos[...]

  • Page 78

    Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 10 - CyROS, the Operating System 78 Other users can be created and the user “usr” can be assigned a password. The password of the super user should be changed as soon as possible. The menu CONFIG=>SECURITY=>USERS allows addition, deletion, and modification of the list of users. The parameters are: • User Name, ?[...]

  • Page 79

    Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 10 - CyROS, the Operating System 79 The super user has access to all menus. The usr user is shown a menu, upon sucessful login, with the items chosen in the user ’s profile. The pppauto user is connected directly to the user via PPP . No menu appears. The auto user is connected via telnet directly to the host specified as [...]

  • Page 80

    80 Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 1 1 - NA T CHAPTER 1 1 NA T (NETWORK ADDRESS TRANSLA TION) NA T exists to convert local IP addresses into Internet “global” IP addresses. Internet IP addresses are assigned by Internet providers. Due to the explosion of the internet, these numbers are scarce. Certain ranges of IP addresses are reserved for internal us[...]

  • Page 81

    81 Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 1 1 - NA T • T wo servers that are accessed via the same global IP address, assigned statically . There are two types of NA T available in CyROS -- Normal NA T and Expanded NA T . This chapter describes Expanded NA T . A description of Normal NA T appears in Chapter 4 of the CyROS Reference Guide. What is the diffe renc[...]

  • Page 82

    82 Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 1 1 - NA T NAT Static Translation Table # Global address / port local address / Port Protocol 1 200.240.230.225 / 20 192.168.0.30 / 20 TPC 2 200.240.230.225 / 21 192.168.0.30 / 21 TPC 3 200.240.230.225 / 80 192.168.0.31 / 80 TPC T ypes of Address T ranslation In dynamic address translation , a pool of global IP addresses [...]

  • Page 83

    83 Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 1 1 - NA T An overview of the NA T menu is shown in the table below . NA T Menu CONFIG =>SECURITY =>NA T Menu Option Description General Parameters for enabl ing NAT and cho osing the NAT Mode. Also includes por t translati on option. Global Address The first and last IP addresses in the range. In the example, the s[...]

  • Page 84

    84 Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 1 1 - NA T STEP TWO The parameters in the T imeout Menu are explained in more detail below . The preset values should be appropriate for most applications. T imeout and Options Menu CONFIG =>SECURITY =>NA T =>TIMEOUT AND OPTIONS Parameter Description UDP Timeout Inactivity time required before a UDP translation i[...]

  • Page 85

    85 Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 1 1 - NA T STEP FOUR If static translations are to be performed, as described in the example, the parameters in the Static T ranslation Menu must be set. A brief explanation of each parameter is given in the table. Static T ranslation Menu CONFIG =>SECURITY =>NA T =>ST A TIC TRANSLA TION => ADD ENTRY Parameter[...]

  • Page 86

    86 Chapter 12 - Filters and Rules Cyclades-PR1000 CHAPTER 12 RULES AND FIL TERS There are four basic types of rules: 1 IP filter rules, 2 Radius rules (actually a combination of previously defined IP filter rules), 3 traffic control rules, and 4 transparent bridge rules (similar to IP filter rules, but for applications that use a transparent bridge[...]

  • Page 87

    87 Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 12 - Filters and Rules Config IP Rule List Name Rule Status Rule List T ype Default Scope Incoming Rule List Name Outgoing Rule List Name Linked Rule List Name N Add Rule List Rules List Insert as Rule Number Rule Status Scope Rule Priority Level Reserved Bandwidth Bandwidth Priority Level Protocol Source IP Operator IP A[...]

  • Page 88

    88 Chapter 12 - Filters and Rules Cyclades-PR1000 Exterior Router Interior Router Router Extension to Network Bastion Host ETH0 ETH0 192.168.0.2 192.168.0.3 10.0.0.0 172.16.0.0 192.168.0.1 Perimeter Network 192.168.0.0 Slot 1 Slot 1 FIGURE 12.2 FIREWALL EXAMPLE Figure 12.2 will be used to show how both an exterior router and an interior router woul[...]

  • Page 89

    89 Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 12 - Filters and Rules Exterior Router The exterior router is the network’s first defense against attacks. For this reason, it is reasonable to prohibit all packets except for those explicitly allowed. This is done by choosing the Default Scope to be Deny . Thus, ALL desired traffic must be expressly allowed by the rule[...]

  • Page 90

    90 Chapter 12 - Filters and Rules Cyclades-PR1000 Steps necessary to activate filtering on the exterior router in the example: 1 There are two interfaces with two directions each. Filtering on link 1 requires the creation of two rule lists, called exterior_in and exterior_out . Create them using the menu CONFIG =>RULES LIST =>IP =>ADD RULE[...]

  • Page 91

    91 Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 12 - Filters and Rules Rules Lists Rule List Name Rule Default List Linked Status Scope Type Rule List exterior_in Enabled Deny Filter exterior_out Enabled Deny Filter --------------------------------------------------------------------- --------- FILTER_LIST NAME: exterior_in ## PROT OP Source IP Address OP SRC PORT CNX [...]

  • Page 92

    92 Chapter 12 - Filters and Rules Cyclades-PR1000 Interior Router If an interior router exists in the network, the administrator may decide to use a Default Scope of Permit . In this case, all undesired traffic must be excluded by a rule in the rule list. In Figure 12.5, a conceptual equivalent of the interface is shown. All packets except those wh[...]

  • Page 93

    93 Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 12 - Filters and Rules The configuration for “Stop forged packets” is shown in the following listing: Rules Lists Rule List Name Rule Default List Linked Status Scope Type Rule List Slot1_in Enabled Permit Filter -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FILTER_LIST NAME: Slot1_i[...]

  • Page 94

    94 Chapter 12 - Filters and Rules Cyclades-PR1000 1 T raf fic Shaping (the division of bandwidth is strictly adhered to), 2 Bandwidth Reservation (the division with the larger priority can steal bandwidth from the others), An example showing the first two types is given in figure 12.6. Network of Client A 50% or more of total bandwidth 25% or less [...]

  • Page 95

    95 Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 12 - Filters and Rules An Internet provider has three clients connected to the same router . Client A is larger and without traffic control would overwhelm the router to the exclusion of Clients B and C. The administrator decides to divide the flow out of the router (to the Internet) into three portions: 50% guaranteed fo[...]

  • Page 96

    96 Chapter 12 - Filters and Rules Cyclades-PR1000 Rules Lists Rule List Name Rule Default List Linked Status Scope Type Rule List traffic_1 Enabled Traffic Filter_list Name traffic_1 Rule 0 Status Enabled Flow priority 0 Rule bandwidth 50% Bandwidth priority 1 Protocol 0 Source IP Operator Equal Source IP start 11.11.11.0 Source IP Mask 255.255.255[...]

  • Page 97

    97 Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 12 - Filters and Rules Rule 1 Status Enabled Flow Priority 0 Rule bandwidth 25% Bandwidth priority 2 Protocol 0 Source IP Operator Equal Source IP start 22.22.22.0 Source IP Mask 255.255.255.0 Destination IP Operator None Source Port Operator None Destination Port Operator None Rule 2 Status Enabled Flow Priority 0 Rule b[...]

  • Page 98

    98 Chapter 12 - Filters and Rules Cyclades-PR1000 An example showing the third type of traffic control is given in Figure 12.8. The network administrator wants to prioritize the access to his web server . He also wants to prioritize e-mail sent by his SMTP server , but the priority should be lower . All other traffic should have the lowest priority[...]

  • Page 99

    99 Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 12 - Filters and Rules The configured rules will appear as shown in the following listing. Rules Lists Rule List Name Rule Default List Linked Status Scope Type Rule List web_access Enabled Traffic Filter_list Name web_access Rule 0 Rule 1 Status Enabled Status Enabled Flow priority 1 Flow Priority 2 Rule bandwidth 0% Rul[...]

  • Page 100

    Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 13 - IPX 100 CHAPTER 13 IPX (INTERNETWORK PACKET EXCHANGE) IPX is an alternative to IP , proprietary to Novell. When IPX is activated, many new menus appear to allow configuration of this type of network. IP and IPX can both be active in the router simultaneously , and an interface can have both IP and IPX traffic passing th[...]

  • Page 101

    Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 13 - IPX 101 Enabling IPX The first step is to activate the IPX feature in the router . This is accomplished using the menu option ADMIN =>ENABLE FEA TURES => IPX. The IPX protocol must also be activated in the menu CONFIG =>IPX => GENERAL. In this menu, the Internal Network Number (the unique number assigned to [...]

  • Page 102

    Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 13 - IPX 102 The parameter Send SAP Update can be set to Demand, Periodic, or None. This parameter affects both SAP and RIP . Periodic causes the router to send these messages every minute, while choosing Demand will cause the router to send messages only when a message request is received. Frame Relay Frame Relay parameters[...]

  • Page 103

    Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 13 - IPX 103 The routing table is displayed by the menu option INFO => SHOW ROUTING T ABLE => IPX. For the example, and using only the static route created above, the routing table appears as in Figure 13.2. Destination Interface/ Subinterface/ Remote address hops ticks Type 00000001 0 1 PrimaryNet 00A0B000 Ethernet 0 [...]

  • Page 104

    Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 14 - Virtual Private Network Configuration 104 CHAPTER 14 VIRTUAL PRIV A TE NETWORK CONFIGURA TION The Virtual Private Network utility can be used on any link using IP routing. It is used to provide greater security between two or more networks connected through a public communications network. The basic concepts are present[...]

  • Page 105

    Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 14 - Virtual Private Network Configuration 105 An example showing a local security network and two remote security networks is shown in Figure 14.2. The PR1000 in the local security network will be configured step by step. (Which network is considered local and which network is considered remote depends on the router being c[...]

  • Page 106

    Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 14 - Virtual Private Network Configuration 106 .................................. ETH0 PR3000 Router RSG3 - Remote Security Gateway Router IP Address: 190.190.190.1 Link 2 IP: 190.190.190.1 Link 1 0.70.70.1 IP: 7 .16.0.0 IP:172 0.0.0.0 IP: 1 Link 1 IP: 50.50.50.1 IP Network IP:10..255.255.0 Router IP Address: 20.20.20.1 PR20[...]

  • Page 107

    Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 14 - Virtual Private Network Configuration 107 STEP THREE Use the menu item INFO =>SHOW ROUTING T ABLE to confirm that the other Remote Security Gateways (RSGs), and all the networks included in the Remote Security Networks, are reachable. In the example, this would require that all of the following appear in RSG3’s rou[...]

  • Page 108

    Cyclades-PR1000 Chapter 14 - Virtual Private Network Configuration 108 STEP SIX Now , the Remote Security Networks must be defined. This is done in the CONFIG =>SECURITY =>VPN =>REMOTE IP NETWORKS =>ADD NETWORK menu. The IP address and network mask must be defined for all remote devices to be included in the remote network for VPN commu[...]

  • Page 109

    Cyclades-PR1000 Appendix A - T roubleshooting 109 APPENDIX A TROUBLESHOOTING What to Do if the Login Screen Does Not Appear When Using a Console. 1 Check the configuration of the terminal. The correct values are given in chapter 2. Is the PC’s COM port enabled? Is the Console cable being used? See Chapter 2 for instructions on which cables go whe[...]

  • Page 110

    Cyclades-PR1000 Appendix A - T roubleshooting 110 What to Do if the Router Does Not Work or Stops Working. 1 Check that the cables are connected correctly and firmly (see chapter 2, What is in the Box, for correct cable connection information). 2 Confirm that the Link LED is lit, indicating proper Ethernet cable termination. If it is not lit, check[...]

  • Page 111

    Cyclades-PR1000 Appendix A - T roubleshooting 111 T esting the Ethernet Interface After configuring the Ethernet interface, return to the main menu using the <ESC> key as many times as is necessary . Save the configuration to flash memory (the operating system will ask how to save the configuration on the way back to the main menu). The simpl[...]

  • Page 112

    Cyclades-PR1000 Appendix A - T roubleshooting 112 current values of the interface parameters. T esting the W AN Interface The W AN interface can be tested using ping as described in the previous section. If the ping is not successful, check the routing table to see if a route to the destination exists (INFO =>SHOW ROUTING T ABLE). The menu items[...]

  • Page 113

    Cyclades-PR1000 Appendix A - T roubleshooting 113 Power 100BT Link TX RX CPU TX RX GP Col FIGURE A.3 LED PANEL[...]

  • Page 114

    114 Cyclades-PR1000 Appendix B - Hardware Specifications APPENDIX B HARDW ARE SPECIFICA TIONS General Specifications The Cyclades-PR1000 power requirements and environmental restrictions are listed in Figure B.1. Power Requirements (ext ernal DC adapter) Input voltage range 90-264 VAC, 0.5 A Input frequency range 50-60 Hz, single phase Maximum inpu[...]

  • Page 115

    Appendix B - Hardware Specifications 115 Cyclades-PR1000 External Interfaces The W AN Interface The W AN interface is provided on a DB-25 female connector . The pinout diagram is not shown here, as it depends on which protocol (RS-232, V .25 or X.21) is configured. Please see the pinout diagrams for the cables used for each protocol to determine th[...]

  • Page 116

    116 Cyclades-PR1000 Appendix B - Hardware Specifications The Console Interface 1 8 CONSOLE POR T Pin RS-23 2 S ig nal 1R T S 2D T R 3T X 4G r o u n d 5C T S 6R X 7 DCD 8D S R FIGURE B.4 CONSOLE INTERF ACE - RJ-45 FEMALE[...]

  • Page 117

    Appendix B - Hardware Specifications 117 Cyclades-PR1000 Cables The Straight-Through Cable 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 15 17 20 22 24 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 15 17 20 22 24 TxD RxD RT S CTS DSR Gnd DCD TxClk_DTE RxClk DTR RI TxClk_DCE TxD RxD RT S CTS DSR Gnd DCD TxClk_DTE RxClk DTR RI TxClk_DCE Pin DB-25 Male DCE / DTE DB-25 Male Cyclades Router Signal Straight-Through C[...]

  • Page 118

    118 Cyclades-PR1000 Appendix B - Hardware Specifications The DB-25 to M.34 Adapter DB-25 Female Signal PGnd RT S CTS DSR Gnd DCD TxD/V .35 (B) TxD/V .35 (A) RxD/V .35 (B) RxD/V .35 (A) TxClk_DTE/V .35 (B) TxClk_DTE/V .35 (A) TxClk_DCE/V .35 (B) DTR TxClk_DCE/V .35 (A) RxClk V .35 (A) RxClk V .35 (B) Male Retention Screw Female Retention Screw Femal[...]

  • Page 119

    Appendix B - Hardware Specifications 119 Cyclades-PR1000 The X.21 Modem Cable Pin # 1 2 4 6 7 9 11 15 17 19 22 24 Cyclades-PR1000 (DB25) X.21 Equipament (DB15) Signal CGND CLK- IND- RxD- GND CTL- TxD- CLK+ IND+ RxD+ CTL+ TxD+ Signal CGND CLK- IND- RxD- GND CTL- TxD- CLK+ IND+ RxD+ CTL+ TxD+ Pin # 1 6 5 4 8 3 2 13 12 11 10 9 FIGURE B.6 X.21 MODEM CA[...]

  • Page 120

    120 Cyclades-PR1000 Appendix B - Hardware Specifications The Loop-Back Connector The pin-out diagram for this connector is provided for reference. This connector would only be used for testing the W AN interface. 2 3 4 5 8 20 11 13 12 14 15 17 24 16 19 25 18 21 23 FIGURE B.8 LOOP-BACK CONNECTOR - DB-25 MALE[...]

  • Page 121

    Cyclades-PR1000 Appendix C - Configuration Without a Console 121 APPENDIX C CONFIGURA TION WITHOUT A CONSOLE When a terminal or PC is not available for use as a console, the router has a special feature that allows configuration of the Ethernet interface from any PC on the LAN. The router “adopts” the destination IP address of the first non- UD[...]

  • Page 122

    Cyclades-PR1000 Index 122 B Bandwidth Reservation 94 Boot Messages 109 C Cables 13 with a DB-25 connector 1 10 Connection to an Internet Access Provider 24 Cyclades ftp site 10 telephones 10 CyROS menus 19 E Ethernet testing the interface 1 1 1 F Flash Memory 21 Frame Relay 33 DLCI 38 H Hot Keys esc - moving between menus 21 L - list current config[...]

  • Page 123

    Cyclades-PR1000 Index 123 T T echnical Support 10 T elephone Numbers 10 T raf fic Rule Lists 93 T raf fic Shaping 94 T roubleshooting 109 U Using CyROS menus 19 V V ersion of CyROS newest, via ftp 7 of manual newest, via ftp 7[...]

  • Page 124

    Cyclades Corporation 41829 Albrae Street Fremont, CA 94538 - USA Phone: (510) 770-9727 Fax: (510) 770-0355 www .cyclades.com Cyclades South America Phone: 55-1 1-5033-3333 Fax: 55-1 1-5033-3388 www .cyclades.com.br Cyclades Germany Phone: +49 (0)81 22 90 99-90 Fax: +49 (0)81 22 90 999-33 www .cyclades.de Cyclades UK Phone: +44 1724 277179 Fax: +44 [...]