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Table of contents for the manual
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Page 1
Dell™PowerEdge™R805SystemsHardwareOwner'sManual About Your System Using the System Setup Program Installing System Components Troubleshooting Your System Running the System Diagnostics Jumpers and Connectors Getting Help Glossary Notes, Notices, and Cautions Information in this document is subject to change without not[...]
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Page 2
Back to Contents Page About Your System Dell™PowerEdge™R805SystemsHardwareOwner'sManual Other Information You May Need Accessing System Features During Startup Front - Panel Features and Indicators Back - Panel Features and Indicators Power Indicator Codes NIC Indicator Cod[...]
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Page 3
Front - Panel Features and Indicators Figure1 - 1 shows the controls, indicators, and connectors located behind the optional rack bezel on the system's front panel. Figure 1 - 1. Front - Panel Features and Indicators Table 1 - 2. Front - PanelLEDIndicators,Buttons,andConnectors the remote access controller [...]
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Page 4
Hard - Drive Indicator Codes The hard - drive carriers have two indicators — the drive - activity indicator and the drive - status indicator. See Figure1 -2 . In RAID configurations, the drive - status indicator lights to indicate the status of the drive. In non - RAID configurations, only the drive - activity indicator lights; the drive - sta[...]
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Page 5
Connecting External Devices When connecting external devices to your system, follow these guidelines: l Most devices must be connected to a specific connector and device drivers must be installed before the device operates properly. (Device drivers are normally included with your operating system software or with the device itself.) See the[...]
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Page 6
Table 1 - 5. NIC Indicator Codes LCD Status Messages The system's control panel LCD provides status messages to signify when the system is operating correctly or when the system needs attention. The LCD lights blue to indicate a normal operating condition, and lights amber to indicate an error condition. The LCD scrolls a message that [...]
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Page 7
E1227 Linear PwrGd Linear voltage regulator(s) has failed. Represents status of multiple voltage regulators used in the video and LOM circuitry. See Getting Help . E1229 CPU # VCORE Processor # VCORE voltage regulator has failed. See Getting Help . E122A CPU VTT PwrGd Processor # VTT voltage has exceeded the allowable voltage range See Getting Help[...]
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Page 8
on a component that resides in the specified slot. If the problem persists, the riser card or system board is faulty. See Getting Help . E1714 Unknown Err The system BIOS has determined that there has been an error in the system, but is unable to determine its origin. See Getting Help . E171F PCIE Fatal Err B## D## F## The system BIOS has reported [...]
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Solving Problems Described by LCD Status Messages The code and text on the LCD can often specify a very precise fault condition that is easily corrected. For example, if the code E1418 CPU_1_Presence appears, you know that a microprocessor is not installed in socket 1. In contrast, you might be able to determine the problem if multiple re[...]
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Page 10
Configuration. Please wait... detected and is being processed. BIOS Update Attempt Failed! Remote BIOS update attempt failed. Retry the BIOS update. If problem persists, see Getting Help . Caution! NVRAM_CLR jumper is installed on system board. NVRAM_CLR jumper is installed. CMOS has been cleared. Remove NVRAM_CLR jumper. See Figure6 - 1 for jum[...]
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Page 11
Warning Messages A warning message alerts you to a possible problem and prompts you to respond before the system continues a task. For example, before you format a hard PCIe Training Error: Integrated device The specified PCIe device is faulty or improperly installed. For a SAS controller daughter card, reseat the card in the dedicated PCIe con[...]
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drive, a message will warn you that you may lose all data on the hard drive. Warning messages usually interrupt the task and require you to respond by typing y (yes) or n (no). Diagnostics Messages When you run system diagnostics, an error message may result. Diagnostic error messages are not covered in this section. Record the message on a cop[...]
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Page 13
Back to Contents Page Dell™PowerEdge™R805SystemsHardwareOwner'sManual Notes, Notices, and Cautions Information in this document is subject to change without notice. © 2007 - 2009DellInc.Allrightsreserved. Reproduction in any manner whatsoever without the written permission of Dell Inc. is strictl[...]
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Page 14
Back to Contents Page Running the System Diagnostics Dell™PowerEdge™R805SystemsHardwareOwner'sManual Using Server Administrator Diagnostics System Diagnostics Features When to Use the System Diagnostics Running the System Diagnostics System Diagnostics Testing Options Using[...]
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Page 15
Click the testing option in the Main Menu window. Table5 - 1 provides a brief explanation of testing options. Table 5 - 1.SystemDiagnosticsTestingOptions Using the Custom Test Options When you select Custom Test in the Main Menu window, the Customize window appears and allows you to select the device(s) to be tested, selec[...]
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Page 16
Back to Contents Page Getting Help Dell™PowerEdge™R805SystemsHardwareOwner'sManual Contacting Dell Contacting Dell For customers in the United States, call 800 - WWW - DELL (800 - 999 - 3355). Dell provides several online and telephone - based support and service options. Availability varies by country a[...]
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Back to Contents Page Glossary Dell™PowerEdge™R805SystemsHardwareOwner'sManual This section defines or identifies technical terms, abbreviations, and acronyms used in your system documents. A — Ampere(s). AC — Alternating current. ACPI — Advanced Configuration and Power Interface. A standard interface for ena[...]
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Page 18
DNS — Domain Name System. A method of translating Internet domain names, such as www.dell.com , into IP addresses, such as 143.166.83.200. DRAM — Dynamic random - access memory. A system's RAM is usually made up entirely of DRAM chips. DVD — Digital versatile disc. ECC — Error checking and correction. EEPROM — Electronically erasable[...]
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Page 19
LAN — Local area network. A LAN is usually confined to the same building or a few nearby buildings, with all equipment linked by wiring dedicated specifically to the LAN. lb — Pound(s). LCD — Liquid crystal display. LED — Light - emittingdiode.Anelectronicdevicethatlightsupwhenacurrentispassedthrough?[...]
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readme file — A text file, usually shipped with software or hardware, that contains information supplementing or updating the product's documentation. read - only file — A read - only file is one that you are prohibited from editing or deleting. ROM — Read - only memory. Your system contains some programs essential to its operation in RO[...]
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Page 21
Back to Contents Page Windows Powered — A Windows operating system designed for use on NAS systems. For NAS systems, the Windows Powered operating system is dedicated to file service for network clients. Windows Server 2003 — A set of Microsoft software technologies that enable software integration through the use of XML Web services. XML W[...]
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Page 22
Back to Contents Page Installing System Components Dell™PowerEdge™R805SystemsHardwareOwner'sManual Recommended Tools Inside the System Front Bezel Opening and Closing the System Hard Drives Replacing a Hard - Drive Carrier Power Supplies Internal SD Card ?[...]
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Page 23
Recommended Tools You may need the following items to perform the procedures in this section: l Key to the system keylock l #1 and #2 Phillips screwdrivers l T - 10 Torx driver l Wrist grounding strap Inside the System In Figure3 - 1 , the bezel and system cover are removed to provide an interior view of the system. ?[...]
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Page 24
Figure 3 - 2. Control Panel LCD With Bezel Installed Removing the Front Bezel 1. Using the system key, unlock the bezel. 2. Press the tab at the left end of the bezel. 3. Rotate the left end of the bezel away from the system to release the right end of the bezel. 4. Pull the bezel away from the system. See Figure3 - 3 . ?[...]
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Page 25
To upgrade or troubleshoot the system, remove the system cover to gain access to internal components. 1. Unless you are installing a hot - plug component such as a cooling fan or power supply, turn off the system and attached peripherals, and disconnect the system from the electrical outlet and peripherals. 2. To remove the system cover, tu[...]
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Page 26
Removing a Drive Blank Remove the drive blank as you would the 2.5 - inch hard drive carrier: 1. Remove the front bezel, if attached. See Removing the Front Bezel . 2. Open the drive blank release handle to release the blank. See Figure3 - 5 . 3. Slide the drive blank out until it is free of the drive bay. Installing a Drive Blan[...]
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Page 27
3. Install the hot - plug hard drive. a. Open the handle on the hard - drive carrier. b. Insert the hard - drive carrier into the drive bay until the carrier contacts the backplane. c. Close the handle to lock the drive in place. 4. Replace the front bezel, if it was removed in step 1 . Replacing a Hard - Drive Carrier Two v[...]
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Page 28
Power Supplies Your system supports one or two power supplies rated at an output of 700 W. If only one power supply is installed, it must be installed in the left power supply bay (PS1). If two power supplies are installed, the second power supply provides hot - pluggable power redundancy. In redundant mode, the system distributes the power loa[...]
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Page 29
Replacing a Power Supply 1. With the power - supply handle in the extended position, slide the new power supply into the chassis. See Figure3 - 7 . 2. Rotate the handle down until it is completely flush with the power - supply faceplate and the orange snap engages. See Figure3 - 7 . 3. Connect the power cable to the power supp[...]
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Page 30
1. Turn off the system, including any attached peripherals, and disconnect the system from the electrical outlet. 2. Open the system. See Opening the System . 3. Locate the SD card at the top of riser 1, push down on the card to release it, and pull the card from the card slot. See Figure3 - 8 . 4. Close the system. See Closing t[...]
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Page 31
1. Open the system. See Opening the System . Use caution when handling the fan until the fan blades stop spinning. 2. Raise the fan handle and pull the fan straight up from the fan bracket to clear the chassis. See Figure3 - 9 . Figure 3 - 9. Removing and Installing a Cooling Fan Replacing a Cooling Fan 1. Ensure that the fan[...]
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Page 32
5. Attach one end of the interface cable to connector 0 on the SAS controller and the other end to the backplane SAS connector. See Figure3 - 11 . Figure 3 - 11. SAS Controller Daughter Card Cabling 6. For battery - cached SAS RAID controllers, install the RAID battery. See Installing a RAID Battery . Removing a SAS Controller Da[...]
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Page 33
RAID Battery The information in this section applies only to systems with the optional battery - cached SAS controller daughter card. Installing a RAID Battery 1. Insert the RAID battery into the battery carrier. See Figure3 - 12 . 2. Locate the battery bay to the right of the SAS daughter card on top of the hard drive bays. [...]
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Page 34
Installing the Optional Internal USB Memory Key 1. Turn off the system, including any attached peripherals, and disconnect the system from its electrical outlet. 2. Open the system. See Opening the System . 3. Locate the USB connector on expansion - card riser 2 (see Figure6 -4 ). If you have full - length expansion card in s[...]
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Page 35
The expansion card slots are on separate buses. To identify expansion slots, see Expansion - Card Riser - Board Components and PCIe Buses . Expansion Card Installation Guidelines Observe the following notes and guidelines regarding the expansion - card slots: l The expansion - card slots are not hot - pluggable. l Although slot 2 is phy[...]
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Page 36
4. Remove the expansion card: a. Open the expansion - card latch at the back of the system chassis. See Figure3 - 14 . b. Grasp the expansion card by its top corners, and carefully pull the card from the expansion - card connector. 5. If you are removing the card permanently, install a metal filler bracket over the empty expansio[...]
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Page 37
Removing the Processor Cooling Shroud 1. Turn off the system, including any attached peripherals, and disconnect the system from the electrical outlet. 2. Open the system. See Opening the System . 3. Detach and remove the two memory module cooling shrouds on each side of the processor cooling shroud. 4. Remove the expansion card[...]
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Page 38
3. Lower the left ("A") memory module shroud over the "A" memory modules and press down lightly to latch the shroud to the processor cooling shroud. 4. Close the system. See Closing the System . 5. Reconnect the system to the electrical outlet and turn on the system and attached peripherals. Fan Brackets Remo[...]
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Page 39
4. Reinstall the cooling shrouds. See Cooling Shrouds . 5. Reinstall the expansion - card riser 2. See Replacing Expansion - Card Riser 2 . 6. Reinstall the expansion cards from riser 2. See Installing an Expansion Card . 7. If applicable, reinstall the SAS controller daughter card. See Installing a SAS Controller Daughter Card . ?[...]
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Page 40
Removing Expansion - Card Riser 2 1. Turn off the system, including any attached peripherals, and disconnect the system from the electrical outlet. 2. Open the system. See Opening the System . 3. Disconnect all cables connected to the expansion card. 4. Remove any expansion cards from the expansion - card riser. See Removing[...]
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Page 41
Figure 3 - 19. Removing and Replacing the Riser 2 Board 5. Remove the expansion - card riser board: a. Using a Phillips screwdriver, remove the securing screw from the assembly. See Figure3 - 19 . b. Slide the riser board off of the four securing tab hooks. c. Lift the riser board from the bracket. Replacing the Riser 2 B[...]
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Page 42
5. Disconnect the two short ribbon cables to the RAC card. See Figure3 - 20 . Figure 3 - 20. Removing and Installing a RAC Card 6. Pull back slightly on one of the blue retention standoff tabs and gently work the edge of RAC card off of the standoff. Repeat for the other retention standoff. 7. Angle the free end of the RAC card u[...]
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standoffs. See Figure3 - 20 . When the front of the card is fully seated, the plastic standoff snaps over the edge of the card. 9. Connect the two short ribbon cables to the RAC card and the system board. See Figure6 - 2 for the connector locations a. Connect one cable to connector 1 on the RAC card and to RAC_CONN1 on the system boar[...]
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Page 44
Replacing the LOM Daughter Card 1. Angle the LOM card so that its NIC connectors are positioned toward the back - panel LOM card opening. 2. Straighten the card so that the cutouts on the side edges of the card insert into the two support standoffs. See Figure3 - 21 . 3. Slide the card back slightly and align the front edge o[...]
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Page 45
Figure 3 - 22. Removing and Installing the Optical Drive Tray Figure 3 - 23. Cabling the Optical Drive 1 optical drive 2 optical - drive interface cable 3 power cable 4 optical - drive release tab 5 optical - drive tray Removing the Optical Drive From the Optical Drive Tray Pull outward on the tab at the back of the carrier on t[...]
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Page 46
Installing an Optical Drive Into the Optical Drive Tray 1. With the optical drive at a slight angle to the drive tray, lower the right side of the optical drive down onto the right side of the drive tray. See Figure3 - 24 . 2. Lower the left side of the optical drive and press the drive down into the tray until it snaps into place. ?[...]
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Page 47
Memory Sparing Support Memory sparing is supported in systems that have one of the fully populated memory configurations shown in Table3 - 1 . The memory sparing feature must be enabled in the Memory Information screen of the System Setup program. See Using the System Setup Program . Memory sparing is applied independently to the two groups [...]
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Page 48
4. Locate the memory module sockets on the system board. See Figure6 - 2 . 5. Press the ejectors on the memory module socket down and out, as shown in Figure3 - 25 , to allow the memory module to be inserted into the socket. 6. Align the memory module's edge connector with the alignment key on the memory module socket, an[...]
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3. Remove the memory cooling shroud. See Removing the Memory Module Cooling Shrouds . 4. Locate the memory module sockets on the system board. See Figure6 - 2 . 5. Press down and out on the ejectors on each end of the socket until the memory module pops out of the socket. See Figure3 - 25 . 6. Replace the memory cooling sh[...]
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Page 50
12. Position your thumb firmly over the socket - release lever and release the lever from the locked position. Rotate the lever 90 degrees upward until the processor is released from the socket. See Figure3 - 27 . Figure 3 - 26. Installing and Removing the Heat Sink 13. Rotate the processor shield upward and out of the way. 14. L[...]
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Page 51
a. If the release lever on the processor socket is not positioned all the way up, move it to that position. b. With the processor and the socket keys aligned, set the processor lightly in the socket. c. Close the processor shield. See Figure3 - 27 . d. When the processor is fully seated in the socket, rotate the socket release le[...]
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Page 52
3. Locate the battery socket. See System Board Connectors . 4. Remove the system battery. a. Support the battery connector by pressing down firmly on the positive side of the connector. b. While supporting the battery connector, press the battery toward the positive side of the connector and pry it up out of the securing tabs at the[...]
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Page 53
Installing the Sideplane Board 1. Insert the sideplane board into sideplane slots along the left wall of the chassis and lower the sideplane board so that the pin collars connect with the two pins on the system board. Press the sideplane down until sideplane connector is fully seated into the system board connector. See Figure3 - 29 . 2.[...]
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Page 54
7. Disconnect the power cable from the backplane connector. 8. Disconnect the optical drive power cable from the backplane connector. 9. Remove the sideplane board. See Removing the Sideplane Board . 10. Remove the SAS/SATA backplane board: a. Pull the backplane board release pin. See Figure3 - 30 . b. While pulling the r[...]
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Page 55
Removing the Control Panel Assembly 1. If applicable, remove the bezel. See Removing the Front Bezel . 2. Turn off the system and attached peripherals, and disconnect the system from the electrical outlet and peripherals. 3. Open the system. See Opening the System . 4. Disconnect the control panel cable at back of the contro[...]
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Page 56
4. Connect the display module cable to the control panel board. See Figure3 - 31 . 5. Connect the control panel cable to the control panel board. See Figure3 - 31 . 6. Close the system. See Closing the System . 7. Reconnect the system to the power source and turn on the system and attached peripherals. 8. If applicable, in[...]
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Page 57
Figure 3 - 32. System Board Removal Installing the System Board 1. Lower the system - board tray until the tray sits flat on the bottom of the chassis. 2. Align the back connectors on the system board with the cutouts in the back of the chassis, and ensure the system - board tray is square with the chassis so that the securing tabs [...]
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Page 58
Back to Contents Page Jumpers and Connectors Dell™PowerEdge™R805SystemsHardwareOwner'sManual System Board Jumpers System Board Connectors SAS/SATA Backplane Board Connectors Sideplane Board Connectors Expansion - Card Riser - Board Components and PCIe Buses Disabling a Forg[...]
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Page 59
System Board Connectors See Figure6 - 2 and Table6 - 2 for the location and description of system board connectors. Figure 6 - 2. System Board Connectors Table 6 - 2.SystemBoardConnectors Connector Description 1 RISER2 expansion - card riser 2 connector 2 MEZ_CONN LOM daughter card 3 RISER1 Left riser b[...]
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Page 60
SAS/SATA Backplane Board Connectors Figure6 - 3 shows the location of the connectors on the SAS/SATA backplane board. Figure 6 - 3. SAS/SATA Backplane Board Components Sideplane Board Connectors See Figure6 - 4 for the location and description of connectors on the sideplane board. Figure 6 - 4. Sideplane Board Connectors 25 A1[...]
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Page 61
Expansion - Card Riser - Board Components and PCIe Buses Figure6 - 5 and Figure6 - 6 show the components on the PCIe expansion - card riser boards, including the expansion - card slots and buses. Figure 6 - 5. PCIe Expansion - Card Center Riser 1 Components Figure 6 - 6. PCIe Expansion - Card Riser 2 Components Disabling a For[...]
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Page 62
6. Turn off the system, including any attached peripherals, and disconnect the system from the electrical outlet. 7. Open the system. See Opening and Closing the System . 8. Install the jumper plug on the password jumper. 9. Lower the memory module shroud. 10. Close the system. 11. Reconnect your system and peripherals to th[...]
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Page 63
Back to Contents Page Using the System Setup Program Dell™PowerEdge™R805SystemsHardwareOwner'sManual Entering the System Setup Program System Setup Options System and Setup Password Features Disabling a Forgotten Password Baseboard Management Controller Configuration After you set[...]
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Page 64
Figure 2 - 1. Main System Setup Program Screen Table2 - 2 lists the options and descriptions for the information fields that appear on the main System Setup program screen. Table 2 - 2.SystemSetupProgramOptions Memory Information Screen Table2 - 3 lists the descriptions for the information fields that appear on the [...]
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Page 65
CPU Information Screen Table2 - 4 lists the options and descriptions for the information fields that appear on the CPU Information screen. Table 2 - 4.CPUInformationScreen EnablingAMDPowerNow!™Technology AMD PowerNow! technology controls your system's processor performance automatically, dynamically adj[...]
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Page 66
Table2 - 5 lists the options and descriptions for the information fields that appear on the Integrated Devices screen. Table 2 - 5.IntegratedDevicesScreenOptions Serial Communication Screen Table2 - 6 lists the options and descriptions for the information fields that appear on the Serial Communication screen. Table [...]
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Page 67
Exit Screen After you press <Esc> to exit the System Setup program, the Exit screen displays the following options: l Save Changes and Exit l Discard Changes and Exit l Return to Setup System and Setup Password Features NOTE: See Using the Setup Password for instructions on assigning a setup password and using or chang[...]
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Page 68
Your system is shipped to you without the system password feature enabled. If system security is a concern, operate your system only with system password protection. To change or delete an existing password, you must know the password (see Deleting or Changing an Existing System Password ). If you forget your password, you cannot operate your syste[...]
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Page 69
If an incorrect system password is entered, the system displays a message and prompts you to re - enter your password. You have three attempts to enter the correct password. After the third unsuccessful attempt, the system displays an error message showing the number of unsuccessful attempts and that the system has halted and will shut down. This m[...]
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Page 70
3. If you want to assign a new setup password, perform the steps in Assigning a Setup Password . Disabling a Forgotten Password See Disabling a Forgotten Password . Baseboard Management Controller Configuration The Baseboard Management Controller (BMC) enables configuring, monitoring, and recovery of systems remotely. BMC provides the f[...]
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Page 71
Back to Contents Page Troubleshooting Your System Dell™PowerEdge™R805SystemsHardwareOwner'sManual Safety First — For You and Your System Start - Up Routine Checking the Equipment Troubleshooting Basic I/O Functions Troubleshooting a NIC Troubleshooting a Wet System [...]
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Page 72
Table 4 - 2.IRQAssignmentDefaults Troubleshooting External Connections Loose or improperly connected cables are the most likely source of problems for the system, monitor, and other peripherals (such as a printer, keyboard, mouse, or other external device). Ensure that all external cables are securely attached to the external co[...]
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Page 73
Troubleshooting the Keyboard Problem l System message indicates a problem with the keyboard l Keyboard is not functioning properly Action 1. Enter the System Setup program and ensure that the USB ports are enabled. See Using the System Setup Program . 2. Examine the keyboard and its cable for signs of damage. 3. Swap the[...]
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Page 74
1. Enter the System Setup program and ensure that the serial port is enabled, and the serial port/COM ports are configured appropriately for any applications you are using. See Using the System Setup Program . 2. If the problem is confined to a particular application, see the application documentation for specific port configuration require[...]
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Page 75
If the problem persists, see Getting Help . Troubleshooting a NIC Problem l NIC cannot communicate with network. Action 1. Run the appropriate online diagnostic test. See Running the System Diagnostics . 2. Check the appropriate indicator on the NIC connector. See NIC Indicator Codes . l If the link indicator does not li[...]
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Page 76
If the system does not start properly, see Getting Help . 7. If the system starts properly, shut down the system and reinstall all of the expansion cards that you removed. See Installing an Expansion Card . 8. Run the appropriate online diagnostic test. See Using Server Administrator Diagnostics . If the tests fail, see Getting Help . T[...]
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4. Enter the System Setup program. If the date and time are not correct in the System Setup program, replace the battery. See System Battery . If the problem is not resolved by replacing the battery, see Getting Help . Troubleshooting Power Supplies Problem l System - status indicators are amber. l Power - supply fault indicators ar[...]
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Page 78
Troubleshooting a Fan Problem l System - status indicator is amber. l Systems management software issues a fan - related error message. l Front panel LCD indicates a problem with the fan. Action 1. Run the appropriate diagnostic test. See Using Server Administrator Diagnostics . 2. Open the system. See Opening an[...]
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Page 79
If you receive any other system message that indicates a nonspecific memory problem, continue to the next step. 4. Enter the System Setup program and check the system memory setting. See Using the System Setup Program . Make any changes to the memory settings, if needed. If the installed memory does not match the amount of memory shown in the S[...]
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Page 80
5. Close the system. See Opening and Closing the System . 6. Reconnect the system to the electrical outlet, and turn on the system and attached peripherals. If the problem is not resolved, proceed to the next step. 7. Repeat step 2 and step 3 . 8. Insert a different SD card or USB key that you know works properly. 9. Close the syste[...]
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Page 81
Action 1. Remove the tape cartridge you were using when the problem occurred, and replace it with a tape cartridge that you know works. 2. Ensure that the SCSI or SAS device drivers for the tape drive are installed and are configured correctly. See your tape drive documentation for more information about device drivers. 3. Reinstall the[...]
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Page 82
5. If your system has the optional battery - cached SAS RAID controller daughter card, perform the following steps. a. Restart the system and press <Ctrl><R> to enter the host adapter configuration utility program. See the documentation supplied with the host adapter for information about the configuration utility. b. Ensure tha[...]
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Page 83
5. Remove the bezel. See Removing the Front Bezel . 6. Turn off the system and attached peripherals, and disconnect the system from its electrical outlet. 7. Open the system. See Opening and Closing the System . 8. Ensure that the controller card is firmly seated in its connector. See SAS Controller Daughter Card . 9. If present[...]
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Page 84
14. For each expansion card you removed in step 10 , perform the following steps: a. Turn off the system and attached peripherals, and disconnect the system from the electrical outlet. b. Open the system. See Opening and Closing the System . c. Reinstall one of the expansion cards. d. Close the system. See Opening and Closing th[...]