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Diamond Systems DIAMOND-MM-48-AT MM-48-AT manual

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  • Page 1

    250 DIAMOND-MM-48-AT Autocalibrating 16-bit Analog I/O PC/104 Module With Relays and Optocouplers User Manual V1.01  Copyright 2004 Diamond Systems Corporation 8430-D Central Ave. Newark, CA 94560 Tel (510) 456-7800 www.diamondsystems.com[...]

  • Page 2

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. DESCRIPT ION.......................................................................................................................... 3 2. DIAMOND-MM-48-AT BOARD DRAWIN G ............................................................................. 4 3. I/O HEADER PINOUT AND PIN DESCRI[...]

  • Page 3

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 3 DIAMOND-MM-48-AT Autocalibrating Analog I/O PC/104 Module 1. DESCRIPTION Diamond-MM-48-AT (DMM-48-AT) is a PC/ 104 expansion board offering embedded systems designers a full feature set of analog and digital I/O capabilities. It is designed to be used in any PC-compatible embedded computer with a PC/104 (IS[...]

  • Page 4

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 4 2. DIAMOND-MM-48-AT BOARD DRAWING Feature descriptions J1 PC/104 8-bit bus connector J2 PC/104 16-bit bus connector J3 Analog and digital I/O connector J4 Relay and optocoupler I/O connector J6 Configuration jumper block J7 Factory use only (used in factory calibration process) J10 +/-5 input range selectio[...]

  • Page 5

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 5 3. I/O HEADER PINOUT AND PIN DESCRIPTION Diamond-MM-48-AT provides two I/O headers. J3, located on the right side of the board, is a 40-pin header that includes the analog in, analog out, and logic-level digital I/O features. Pin 1 is the upper left pin and is marked on the board. J4, located on the left si[...]

  • Page 6

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 6 J4: Relays and Optocouplers Opto 0- 1 2 Opto 0+ Opto 1- 3 4 Opto 1+ Opto 2- 5 6 Opto 2+ Opto 3- 7 8 Opto 3+ No connection 9 10 No connection Relay 0 NO 11 12 Relay 0 NC Relay 0 C 13 14 Relay 1 NO Relay 1 NC 15 16 Relay 1 C Relay 2 NO 17 18 Relay 2 NC Relay 2 C 19 20 Relay 3 NO Relay 3 NC 21 22 Relay 3 C Rel[...]

  • Page 7

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 7 4. BOARD CONFIGURATION Refer to the Drawing of Diamond-MM-48-AT on page 4 for locations of the configuration items mentioned here. All configuration except the A/D input range is done with jumper block J6. 4.1 Base Address Each board in your system must have a unique I/O address range. The first address in [...]

  • Page 8

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 8 board should have the pull-down resistor enabled with a jumper in the R location. The other boards should have the R jumper removed to disable their pull-down resistors. 4.3 Optocoupler Polarity The 4 optocouplers may be configured for either direct or inverted polarity with the POL position on J6. For dire[...]

  • Page 9

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 9 5. I/O MAP 5.1 Overvi ew Diamond-MM-48-AT occupies 16 bytes in I/O me mory space. A functional list of these registers is provided below, and detailed regist er bit definitions are provided on the next page and the following chapter. The information in chapters 5 and 6 is provided to assist in understanding[...]

  • Page 10

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 10 5.2 Register Map Bit Assignments A blank location in the Write registers has no function. A blank location in the Read register s has no function and reads back as 0. WRITE operations 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 DA7 DA6 DA5 DA4 DA3 DA2 DA1 DA0 1 DA11 DA10 DA9 DA8 2 HIGH3 HIGH2 HIGH1 HIGH0 LOW3 LOW2 LOW1 LOW0 3 RELAY[...]

  • Page 11

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 11 6. REGISTER DEFINITIONS Base + 0 Write D/A LSB Bit No. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Name DA7 DA6 DA5 DA 4 DA3 DA2 DA1 DA0 Definitions: DA7-0 D/A bits 7-0; DA0 is the LSB. D/A data is an unsigned 12-bit number ranging from 0 to 4095. Base + 0 Read A/D LSB Bit No. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Name AD7 AD6 AD5 AD4 AD3 AD2 AD1 AD0 Defi[...]

  • Page 12

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 12 Base + 1 Read A/D MSB Bit No. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Name AD15 AD14 AD13 AD12 AD11 AD10 AD9 AD8 Definitions: AD15 – 8 A/D MSB data (bits 15-8 of the 16-bi t value). A/D data is a signed 16-bit value ranging from -32768 to 32767. Note: Reading from Base + 0 and Base + 1 result in the same physical operation, rea[...]

  • Page 13

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 13 Base + 3 Read/Write Relay Control Port Bit No. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Name RELAY7 RELAY6 RELAY5 RELAY4 RELAY3 RELAY2 RELAY1 RELAY0 These bits control the 8 relays. 0 = off (C c onnected to NC), 1 = on (C connected to NO). The written value may be read back with true logic. The value on the corresponding output pi[...]

  • Page 14

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 14 Base + 5 Write Digital I/O Data Bit No. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Name DIO3 DIO2 DIO1 DIO0 Definitions: DIO3 – 0 Digital I/O output data. Only bits in output mode are affected. Any bit in input mode will ignore data written to this register. Base + 5 Read Digital I/O Data and Edge Status Bit No. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Na[...]

  • Page 15

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 15 Base + 7 Write D/A Channel and Control Register Bit No. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Name DAUPDT DACH2 DACH1 DACH0 DAUPDT Writing a 1 to this bit updates the D/ A chip. All channels with new data written to them since the previous update are updat ed simultaneously. When a 1 is written to this bit the other bits in the[...]

  • Page 16

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 16 Base + 8 Write Command Register Bit No. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Name DAPRE DAPRLD RESET FIFORST ADSTART Writing a 1 to any bit in this register caus es a command or operation to be executed. Only one bit may be activated (set to 1) at a time. When a 1 is written to any bit, no other bit or related operation is aff[...]

  • Page 17

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 17 Base + 8 Read Status Register Bit No. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Name POL ADCH3 ADCH2 ADCH1 ADCH0 POL Optocoupler polarity jumper setting; the value indicates the value of an open circuit: 1 Open circuit reads as 1, “high” input reads as 0 0 Open circuit reads as 0, “high” input reads as 1 ADCH3 - 0 Current A[...]

  • Page 18

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 18 Base + 9 Write Configuration Register Bit No. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Name CKSEL1 CKFRQ1 CKFRQ0 SCNINT CLKEN CLKSEL CKSEL1 Clock source select for counter/timer 1: 1 External signal Clk0 in I/O connector J3 0 On-board clock, frequency selected by CKFRQ1 below CKFRQ1 Clock frequency select for counter/timer 1 when [...]

  • Page 19

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 19 Base + 9 Read Configuration & Status Register Bit No. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Name ADBUSY DABUSY CKSEL1 CKFR Q1 CKFRQ0 SCNINT CLKEN CLKSEL ADBUSY A/D chip status: 1 A/D conversion or scan is in progress or A/D input circuit in settling mode 0 A/D is idle Do not attempt to start a new A/D conversion or scan whe[...]

  • Page 20

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 20 Base + 10 Write FIFO Control Register Bit No. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Name PAGE FIFOTH FIFOEN SCANEN PAGE Page number for registers at Base + 12 through Base + 15 Page 0: 82C54 counter/timer access Page 1: Calibration registers FIFOTH FIFO threshold: 0 = 1024 samples (half full), 1 = 256 samples (1/8 full) FIFOEN [...]

  • Page 21

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 21 Base + 11 Write Interrupt Control Register Bit No. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Name CLRT CLRD CLRO CLRA TINTE DINTE OINTE AINTE CLRT Clear the timer interrupt flip flop. CLRD Clear the digital input interrupt flip flop and reset their edge detect status bits. CLRO Clear the optocoupler input interrupt flip flop and re[...]

  • Page 22

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 22 Base + 11 Read Interrupt Status Register Bit No. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Name TINT DINT OINT AINT TINTE DINTE OINTE AINTE TINT Timer interrupt status: 1 Timer interrupt pending 0 Timer interrupt not pending DINT Digital interrupt status: 1 Digital input interrupt pending 0 Digital input interrupt not pending OINT [...]

  • Page 23

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 23 Page 0: Counter/Timer Base + 12 Read/Write Counter/Timer D7 - 0 Bit No. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Name D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 This register is used for both Counter 0 and Counter 1. It is the LSB for both counters. When writing to this register, an internal load register is loaded. Upon issuing a Load command throu[...]

  • Page 24

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 24 Base + 15 Write Counter/Timer Control Register Bit No. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Name CTRNO LATCH GTDIS GTEN CTDIS CTEN LOAD CLR This register is used to control the counter/time rs. A counter is selected with bit 7, and then a 1 is written to any ONE of bits 6 – 0 to sele ct the desired operation for that counter[...]

  • Page 25

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 25 Page 1: Autocalibration Control Registers Base + 12 Read/Write EEPROM / TrimDAC Data Register Bit No. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Name D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 D7-0 Calibration data to be read or written to the EEPROM and/or TrimDAC. During EEPROM or TrimDAC write operations, the dat a written to this register will be [...]

  • Page 26

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 26 Base + 14 Write Calibration Control Register Bit No. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Name EE_EN EE_RW RUNCAL CMUXEN TDACEN This register is used to initiate various co mmands related to autocalibration. More detailed information on autocalibration may be found elsewhere in this manual. EE_EN EEPROM Enable. Writing a 1 to [...]

  • Page 27

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 27 7. ANALOG INPUT RANGES AND RESOLUTION 7.1 Resolution Diamond-MM-48-AT uses a 16-bit A/D converter. This means that the analog input voltage can be measured to the precision of a 16-bit binary number. The maximum value of a 16-bit binary number is 2 16 - 1, or 65535, so the full range of numer ical values t[...]

  • Page 28

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 28 8. PERFORMING AN A/D CONVERSION This chapter describes the steps involved in performing an A/D conversion on a selected input channel using direct programming (not with the driver software). This describes the basic operation of a single A/D conversion wi thout interrupts. For a more complete description i[...]

  • Page 29

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 29 8.3 Trigger an A/D conversion on the current channel After the above steps are completed, start the A/D conversion by writing a 1 to the ADSTART bit in Base + 8. This write operation only tri ggers the A/D if the CLKEN bit is 0 to disable hardware triggering and enable software triggering. Otherwise the A/[...]

  • Page 30

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 30 8.6 Convert the numerical data to a meaningful value Once you have the A/D code, you need to convert it to a meaningful value. The first step is to convert it back to the actual measured volt age. Afterwards you may need to convert the voltage to some other engineering units (for example, the voltage may c[...]

  • Page 31

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 31 9. A/D SCAN, FIFO, AND INTERRUPT OPERATION This chapter describes in detail the interr upt performance of the A/D circuit under all conditions. The control bits FIFOEN (FIFO enable), FIFO TH (FIFO threshold), SCANEN (scan enable), SCNINT (scan interval), and AINTE (A/D in terrupt enable) determine the beha[...]

  • Page 32

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 32 FIFO Operation After each A/D conversion is completed, the A/D data is stored in the FIFO. The data is inserted in LSB / MSB sequence. The FIFO holds 4096 bytes, or 2048 samples. It has several flags that indicate its state: EF Empty flag 1 when the FIFO is empty and 0 otherwise. 8F 1/8 full flag 1 when th[...]

  • Page 33

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 33 Guidelines for Selecting FIFO Use (FIFOEN and FIFOTH) The below data is a guideline for interrupt us e that will work in typical applications and systems. Each application’s optimum perfo rmance will be based on the processor speed, operating system, sampling method, and need to obtain data as soon as po[...]

  • Page 34

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 34 10. ANALOG OUTPUT OVERVIEW 10.1 Description Diamond-MM-48-AT uses an 8-channel 12-bit D/ A converter (DAC) to provide 8 analog voltage outputs. A 12-bit DAC c an generate output voltages with the precision of a 12-bit binary number. The maximum value of a 12-bit binary number is 2 12 - 1, or 4095, so the f[...]

  • Page 35

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 35 11. GENERATING AN ANALOG OUTPUT This chapter describes the steps involv ed in generating an analog output (also called performing a D/A conversion) on a selected out put channel using direct programming (not with the driver software). There are three steps involved in performing a D/A conversion: 1. Comput[...]

  • Page 36

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 36 12. AUTOCALIBRATION OPERATION Diamond-MM-48-AT includes a sophisticated aut ocalibration circuit that manages the calibration of both the A/D and the D/A ci rcuitry. Operation is as follows. 12.1 Reference Voltages The board contains a precision reference voltage chip that is selected for high stability ov[...]

  • Page 37

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 37 13. DIGITAL I/O OPERATION Diamond-MM-48-AT contains a 4-bit digital I/O port with programmable direction and edge detection capability. The digital I/O lines are located at pins 35 through 38 on the I/O header J3. They are CMOS / TTL compatible. Each line can drive up to -6mA in a logic high state or sink [...]

  • Page 38

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 38 14. OPTOCOUPLER OPERATION Diamond-MM-48-AT contains 4 optocoupler inputs with programmable polarity, programmable edge detection capability, and in terrupt capability on edge detection. These lines accept inputs up to 28VDC. The tr ansition between logic 0 and 1 occurs at approximately 1.5VDC and is guaran[...]

  • Page 39

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 39 Tables describing behavior of POL jump er, opto inputs, and edge detection The POL bit is the inverse of the POL pin. N on-inverted inputs means the opto bit is reported as the inverse of the corresponding input pin, since the opto circuit has a built-in inversion. Edge detection always operates with respe[...]

  • Page 40

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 40 15. RELAY OPERATION Diamond-MM-48-AT contains 8 relays with SPDT (form C) configuration. The relays are Omron type G6K or equivalent. Note that thes e relays are actually DPDT (double pole) relays. The two poles are connected in paralle l for lower on resistance and greater current carrying capacity. The r[...]

  • Page 41

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 41 16. COUNTER/TIMER OPERATION Diamond-MM-48-AT contains two counter/timers that provide various timing functions, including A/D timing and user functions. These counters are integrated into the system controller FPGA. The user interface consists of a 24-bit data r egister in Base + 12 through Base + 14, an 8[...]

  • Page 42

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 42 16.3 Command Sequences Diamond Systems provides Univ ersal Driver software to control the counter/timers on Diamond-MM-48-AT. The information here is in tended as a guide for programmers writing their own code in place of the driver and also to give a better understanding of the counter/timer operation. Th[...]

  • Page 43

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 43 Reading a counter a. Latch the counter: Counter 0 Counter 1 outp(base+15,0x40); out p(base+15,0xC0); b. Read the data: The value is returned in 3 bytes, low, middle, and high (2 bytes for counter 1) Counter 0 Counter 1 low=inp(base+12); low=inp(base+12); middle=inp(base+13); high=inp(base+13); high=inp(bas[...]

  • Page 44

    Diamond-MM-48-AT User Manual V1.01 Page 44 17. SPECIFICATIONS Analog Inputs No. of inputs 16 single-ended A/D resolution 16 bits (1/65,536 of full scale) Input ranges Bipolar model: ± 10V, ± 5V Unipolar model: 0-5V Input bias current 50nA max Maximum input voltage ± 10V for linear operation Overvoltage protection ± 35V on any analog input witho[...]