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BladeSymphon y ® 1000 Archite ctur e Whit e Pape r 10 0 0[...]
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2 BladeSy mphony 10 00 Architecture Whit e Pap er www.hi tachi. com Ta b l e o f C o n t e n t s Introd uction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................. 3 I[...]
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www.hi tachi. com Blade Symphony 1000 Archit ecture Whi te P aper 3 Chapter 1 Intr oduction Executive Summary Blade servers pa ck mor e compute power into a smal ler spac e than traditional rack-mounted serv ers. This capability ma kes them an attractive alternative for c onsolidating servers, balan cing or optimiz ing data center work loads, or si[...]
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4 BladeSym phony 1000 A rchitecture White Paper www.hi tachi. com BladeSymphony 10 00 (Figure 1 ) is the first blade sy stem designed specifically for enterprise- class, mission-critical workloads. I t is a 10 rack unit (R U) system that co mbines Hitachi’ s Virtage embedded virtualization technolog y , a choice of Intel Dual-Socke t, M ulti-Cor [...]
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www.hi tachi. com Blade Symphony 1000 Archit ecture Whi te P aper 5 • Reliabil ity — Reliability is increases thr ough redundant com ponents and components are ho t- swappable. Other reli ability featur es include: – Hitachi’ s mai nframe-c lass memo ry manag ement – Redundant switch and management modul es – Extre mely r eliable backpl[...]
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6 BladeSym phony 1000 A rchitecture White Paper www.hi tachi. com Chapter 2 System Ar chitectur e Overview BladeSympho ny 1000 featur es a v ery modula r design to m aximize flexibility an d relia bility . System elements are r edundant and hot-swa ppable so the system can be easily expanded without dow ntime or unnecessary disruption to service le[...]
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www.hi tachi. com Blade Symphony 1000 Archit ecture Whi te P aper 7 Figure 3 . Logical compo nents of the B ladeSymphony 1000 The following chapters detail the major co mpone nts of Bl adeSymphony 1000, as wel l as managemen t software and Virtage embedded virtualiz ation technology . • “Intel Itanium Server Blade ” on page 8 pro vides de tai[...]
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8 BladeSym phony 1000 A rchitecture White Paper www.hi tachi. com Chapter 3 Intel Itanium Server Blade The BladeSymphony 10 00 can support up to eight blades for a to tal of up to 16 Itanium CPU socke ts, or 32 co res, ru nning Micr osof t Windows or Linux. U p to four Inte l Itaniu m Server Blades can be connected via the hig h-speed backplane to [...]
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www.hi tachi. com Blade Symphony 1000 Archit ecture Whi te P aper 9 T able 2 pr ovides details o n each of the co mponents in the Itanium Blade. Memory Capacity Max. 64 GB/server blade (if 4 GB DIMM is used) T ype DDR2 240-pin r egister ed DI MM, 1 ran k, 2 ran k Frequency: DDR2-400 3-3-3 Capacity: 51 2 MB, 1 GB, 2 GB, 4 GB (DD R2-533 ) Configurat [...]
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10 BladeSym phony 1000 A rchitecture White Paper www.hi tachi. com Intel Itanium Processor 9100 Series The Dual-Cor e I ntel Itanium 910 0 seri es 6 4-bit proc essor deliver s scalable performa nce with two high- performance cor es pe r processo r , memory addr essability up to 102 4 TB, 24 MB o f on-die cache , and a 667 MHz fr ont-side bu s. It a[...]
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www.hi tachi. com Blade Symphony 1000 Archit ecture Whi te P aper 11 The Intel Itaniu m is optimiz ed for dual pr ocesso r -based platforms and clusters an d includes the following features: • Wide, parallel hardwar e based on Itanium ar chitectur e for high perfo rmance – Integrated o n-die cache of up to 24 MB, cach e hints for L1, L2, and L3[...]
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12 BladeSym phony 1000 A rchitecture White Paper www.hi tachi. com Enhanced Machine Check Architect ur e provi des extensive err or detection and addr ess/data path corr ection capabilities, as well as sy stem-wide ECC pr ot ection. It detects bit-lev el err ors and manages data corrupti on, ther eby pr oviding better r eliability and uptime. Intel[...]
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www.hi tachi. com Blade Symphony 1000 Archit ecture Whi te P aper 13 Baseboard Management Controller The Baseboar d Management Co ntrol ler (BMC) is the main c ontroller for Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI), a common inter face to har dwar e and firmwar e used to monito r system health and manage the system. The BMC manage s the int[...]
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14 BladeSym phony 1000 A rchitecture White Paper www.hi tachi. com • ECC — The ECC can corr ect an err or in consecutiv e four bits in any four DIMM set (i.e., a fault in one DRAM device). This function is equ ivalent to tech nology gen erally r eferr ed to a s Chipkil l and allows the contents of memory to be reconstructed ev en if one chip co[...]
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www.hi tachi. com Blade Symphony 1000 Archit ecture Whi te P aper 15 Figur e 6. Hitachi Node Contr oller conn ects multiple server blades By dividing the SMP system acr oss sever al server blades, the mem ory bus contention pr oblem is solved by vir tue of the distributed design . A pr ocesso r’ s access to its on-board memory incurs n o penalty [...]
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16 BladeSym phony 1000 A rchitecture White Paper www.hi tachi.com SMP Configuration Optio ns BladeSymphony 100 0 supports two socket (four -core) In t e l Itanium Server Blades that can be scal ed to offer up to two 16 core servers in a single chassis or ei ght f our core servers, or a mixture of SMP and single module systems, thus redu cing footpr[...]
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www.hi tachi. com BladeSymphony 1000 Archit ecture Whi te Paper 17 • Full interleave mode (or SMP mode) — Intended f o r use with an OS without support fo r the NUMA architectur e or with inadequate support f o r NUMA. I n full interleave mode, main memory is interleaved between C P U modules in units. Sin ce memor y accesses do no t concentrat[...]
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18 BladeSym phony 1000 A rchitecture White Paper www.hi tachi.com L3 Cache Co py T ag The data r esiding in caches and main memory acr oss Intel Itanium Server Blades ar e kept in sync by using a snooping cache cohere n cy pr otocol. When one of the Intel It anium processors needs to access memory , the requeste d address is br oadcast by the Hitac[...]
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www.hi tachi. com BladeSymphony 1000 Archit ecture Whi te Paper 19 Figur e 11. Intel Itanium I/ O Expansion Module in type A chassis provides up to four PCI slots per server blade Figur e 12. Intel Itan ium I/O Expansion Module in ty pe B chassis provides up to eigh t PCI slots per server blade Node Link (f or S MP c o nn ectio ns) PCI Expres s x4 [...]
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20 BladeSym phony 1000 A rchitecture White Paper www.hi tachi.com Chapter 4 Intel Xeon Serv er Blade The eight slot BladeSymphony 1000 can accommodate a total of up to eight Dual-Socket, Dual-C ore or Quad-Cor e Intel Xeon Server Blades for up to 64 cores per sy stem . Each Inte l Xeon Server Blade supports up to four PCI sl ots, and provides the o[...]
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www.hi tachi. com BladeSymphony 1000 Archit ecture Whi te Paper 21 Intel Xeon 5200 Dual C ore Pr ocessors The Dual- Core I ntel Xeon 5200 Serie s pro cessors utilizes two 45 n m Hi-k next g en eration I ntel Core microar chitecture cor es. The processors f eature fa st data throughput with Intel I/ O Acceleration T echnology , up to 6 MB o f L2 cac[...]
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22 BladeSym phony 1000 A rchitecture White Paper www.hi tachi.com • Intel VT Flex Migra tion — Intel hardwar e-assisted virtualization pr ovides the ability to per f orm live virtual machine migr at ion to enable fa il-over , load balancing, disa st er r ecovery , and real-time server maintenan ce. • New features include Error Corr ecting Cod[...]
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www.hi tachi. com BladeSymphony 1000 Archit ecture Whi te Paper 23 Advanced ECC Conventional ECC is intended to c orrect 1-bit erro rs and detect 2-bit err ors. Advanced ECC, also known as Chipki ll, corrects up to four or eight bits of an err or that occurs in a DRAM installed on a x4- DRAM o r x8-DRAM type D IMM, r espectively . Accor d ingly , t[...]
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24 BladeSym phony 1000 A rchitecture White Paper www.hi tachi.com For example, in C onfiguration 1 the shaded BANK 4 is a spare bank. Assume that the memory corr ectable errors occur f requently in a memory on BANK 3. BIOS, which k eeps counting the memory corr ectable errors on each bank, activates the online copy function autom atically upon the [...]
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www.hi tachi. com BladeSymphony 1000 Archit ecture Whi te Paper 25 If an uncorrec t able err or occurs in a DIMM in the prim ary , the mirr or is used fo r both writing and r eading data. If an uncorr ectable error occurs in a DIMM in the mi rror , the primary is used for both writing and reading data. In this case, the erro r is logged as a corr e[...]
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26 BladeSym phony 1000 A rchitecture White Paper www.hi tachi.com Chapter 5 I/O Sub Syste m I/O Modules Hitachi engineer s go to gr eat lengths to desi gn systems that provide high I/O throughput. BladeSymphony 1000 PCI I/O Module s deliver up to 160 Gb/sec. throughput by pr oviding a total o f up to 16 PCI slo t s (8 slots pe r I/O module). I/O mo[...]
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www.hi tachi. com BladeSymphony 1000 Archit ecture Whi te Paper 27 T able 6 provides information o n the connector types for P CI-X I/O Modules. PCIe I/O Module T o provide mor e flexibility and to support newer PCI car ds, a PCIe I/O module is avail able. The PCIe I/O Module supports eight PCIe car ds in total, and on e I/O module can have one PCI[...]
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28 BladeSym phony 1000 A rchitecture White Paper www.hi tachi.com Figure 1 8 . Outside vie w of the Embedded Fibr e Channel Switch Module The Fibre Chann el switch within th e mo du le consists of 14 po rts co mpatible with the 4 Gb/sec. Fibr e Channel standard. Eight ports are connected internally to the FC-HBA of up to eight FC-HBA + Gigabit Ethe[...]
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www.hi tachi. com BladeSymphony 1000 Archit ecture Whi te Paper 29 Figure 2 0 . Embedded Fibr e Channel Switch Module block diagram The Embedded Fibr e Channel Switch Module is conf igured with thr ee components: A Broca de Fibre Channel switch, Fibre Channel HBAs, and network ad apters. Directly connectin g the HBAs to the FC switch in this manner[...]
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30 BladeSym phony 1000 A rchitecture White Paper www.hi tachi.com Figure 2 1 . Embedded Fibr e Channel Switch Module connection diagra m , eliminating 16 cables T able 7 provides the details o n the featur es of the Embedded Fibre Ch anne l Switch module. T able 7: Embedded Fibre Channel Switch Module com ponent s Function Details Supported Fibre C[...]
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www.hi tachi. com BladeSymphony 1000 Archit ecture Whi te Paper 31 FC-HBA + G igabit Ether net Co mbo Card The F C-H BA + Gi gabi t Et her net Comb o Card p rovides the FC-HBA and gigabit Ethernet functions for the Embedded Fibr e Channel Switch Module. Figu re 22. FC -HBA + Gig abit Ether net Comb o Card bl ock d iagr am The car d includes the fol[...]
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32 BladeSym phony 1000 A rchitecture White Paper www.hi tachi.com The Hitachi FC Controller FC-HBA suppor ts the functions in T able 8. Management Softwa re Developed excl u sively for BladeSym phony 1000, th e BladeS ymphony manageme nt softwa re manages all of the hardwar e components of BladeSymphon y 1000 in a unified manner , including t he Em[...]
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www.hi tachi. com BladeSymphony 1000 Archit ecture Whi te Paper 33 Embedded Gigabit Ethe rnet Switch The Embedded Gigabit Ethernet Switch is containe d in the Switch & Management Module and is a managed, standar ds-based Layer 2 switch that provide s gigabit networ king through cableless LAN connections. The switch pr ovides 12 (single) or 2 4 [...]
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34 BladeSym phony 1000 A rchitecture White Paper www.hi tachi.com SCSI Hard Drive Modules The BladeSymph ony 1000 supports two ty pes of storage modules contai n ing 73 or 146 GB 15K RP M Ultra320 SC SI drives in the type B chassis only . The 3x HDD Module can hav e up to three dri ves installed. The 6 x HDD module utilizes two server slots and can[...]
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www.hi tachi. com BladeSymphony 1000 Archit ecture Whi te Paper 35 A SCSI or RAID type PCI card must be installed in a PC I slot in an I/O module to act as the controller of the storage module. A PCI card is combined with a stor age module, as shown in Figure 25, by connecting the SCSI cable fr om the PCI card to the SCSI connector on the sa m e I/[...]
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36 BladeSym phony 1000 A rchitecture White Paper www.hi tachi.com Chapter 7 Chassis, Power , and Cooling The BladeSymphon y 1000 chassis houses all of t he mo dules pr eviously discussed, as well as a passive backplane, Power Supply M o dules, Cooling Fan M o dules, and the Switch & Mana gement M odules. The chassis and backplane pr ovide a num[...]
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www.hi tachi. com BladeSymphony 1000 Archit ecture Whi te Paper 37 Module Connections Chassis A can have up to eight server blades mount ed, with two PCI-X slots per server blade. Storage modules cannot be mounted on these chassis. Chassis B can have thr ee types of I/O modules m ounted. If a PCI-X I/O Module is installed, the chassis can have up t[...]
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38 BladeSym phony 1000 A rchitecture White Paper www.hi tachi.com power r edundancy , it boots the system af ter issuing a war ning by illumin ating the Warning LED. Hot swapping is not possible in th e absence of r edundant power . Redundant Cooling Fan Modules The Cooling Fan M o dules cool the system with var iab le speed fans, and are installed[...]
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www.hi tachi. com BladeSymphony 1000 Archit ecture Whi te Paper 39 Chapter 6 Reliability and Serviceab ility Featur es Reliability , availability , and serviceability ar e key re quir ements for platforms running business-critical application services. In today’ s globally compet itive envir onment, where users access applicatio n s round-the-cl [...]
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40 BladeSym phony 1000 A rchitecture White Paper www.hi tachi.com Serviceability Features Switch & Management Module The Switch & Management Module is designed to co ntr ol the system un it and monitor the enviro nment. Figur e 28 shows the block dia gram of the module. This module and other system compo n ents are connected through I2C or [...]
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www.hi tachi. com BladeSymphony 1000 Archit ecture Whi te Paper 41 SVP manages the entire BladeSymphony 1000 de vice. I t also pr ovides a user interface for management via the S VP console. SVP pr ovides the following functions: • Module configurati on management (module type, inst allation location, etc.) within a server chassis • Monitoring [...]
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42 BladeSym phony 1000 A rchitecture White Paper www.hi tachi.com • Panel control • Log information management within Blad eS ymphony 10 00 (RC logs, SEL, SVP logs , etc.). • SVP hot standby configuration contr ol • Server Conducto r (server management software) in teraction fu nction. (Including a functio n for emulating the PCI- version S[...]
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www.hi tachi. com BladeSymphony 1000 Archit ecture Whi te Paper 43 The Base Management Controller provides the following functions: • Initial diagnosis — initial diagno sis/sett ing of BMC and BMC's p eripheral hardware • Power cont rol — contr olling of power in put and shutdown for modules • Reset contro l — controlling har d res[...]
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44 BladeSym phony 1000 A rchitecture White Paper www.hi tachi.com SVP Console This function is shared be t ween the Inte l I tanium and Intel Xeon Server Blades. SVP console is a co n sole under SVP , and pro v ides a user inter f ace for system managem ent. SVP console pr ovides the following functions: • Setup and display of the system's h[...]
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www.hi tachi. com BladeSymphony 1000 Archit ecture Whi te Paper 45 Chapter 8 Management Softw a r e BladeSymphony 10 00 delivers an exceptional range of choices and enterprise-class versatility w ith multi-OS support and comp rehensive management software options. Operatin g System Su pport With support for Micr osoft Windows and Red Ha t Linux E n[...]
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46 BladeSym phony 1000 A rchitecture White Paper www.hi tachi.com BladeSymphony Management Suite prov ides centralized system management and control of all server , network, and storage resources, including the abi lity to setup and co nfigure servers, monito r server resour ces, integrate with enterprise management softwar e (SNMP), phone home, an[...]
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www.hi tachi. com BladeSymphony 1000 Archit ecture Whi te Paper 47 – Setting a failover schedule for cluster groups, based o n specific dates or at specified times on a weekly schedule. The user can achieve more de tailed cluster management by combin ing this feature with a p ower control sche dule. – Using alerts to predi ct f uture server shu[...]
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48 BladeSym phony 1000 A rchitecture White Paper www.hi tachi.com Chapter 9 Vir ta ge Virtage is a key technic al differentiator f or BladeSym phon y 1000. It brings mainf r ame-class virtu alization to blade computing. Leverag ing Hitachi’ s decades of developm ent work on mainfr ame virtuali zation technology , Virtage delivers high-perf ormanc[...]
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www.hi tachi. com BladeSymphony 1000 Archit ecture Whi te Paper 49 And the host intervention code is tuned for the latest Itanium har dware featur es, minimizing the performance impact to gu ests. Virtage of f ers two modes in w hich processor resour ces can be distributed among the different logical partitions: dedic ated m ode and shar ed mode, a[...]
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50 BladeSym phony 1000 A rchitecture White Paper www.hi tachi.com Fiber Channel Virtualization Hitachi also offers Fibre Channel I /O virtualization for Virtag e. This allows multiple log ical partitions to access a storage de vice through a single Fiber Cha nnel card, allowing few er physical connections between server a nd storage and increasin g[...]
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www.hi tachi. com BladeSymphony 1000 Archit ecture Whi te Paper 51 Chapter 10 Summa ry In the past, inadequ ate scalability , compromise s in I/O and other capabilities, excessive heat generation, and incr eased complexity in blade enviro nments caused many data center managers to shy away fr om using blade servers for enterpr ise applications. Bla[...]
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©2008 Hitachi Americ a, Ltd. All rights reserved. Descript i ons and specifications contain ed in th is document are subject to chan ge withou t notice and may di ffer from country to country. Intel, Itani um, and Xeon are trad emarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corp oration or its su bsidiaries in the U nited Stat es and other c ountries. L[...]